CN108976600B - Charcoal/polypropylene composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Charcoal/polypropylene composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108976600B CN108976600B CN201810826475.4A CN201810826475A CN108976600B CN 108976600 B CN108976600 B CN 108976600B CN 201810826475 A CN201810826475 A CN 201810826475A CN 108976600 B CN108976600 B CN 108976600B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
- C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a charcoal/polypropylene composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the charcoal/polypropylene composite material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of polypropylene; 30-60 parts of charcoal; 3-5 parts of a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer; 1-5 parts of a lubricant. The composite material is prepared from the charcoal and the polypropylene, and has the advantages of low price, simple process, environmental protection, no pollution and cyclic utilization; the material has good water absorption performance and mechanical strength; has positive effect on recycling of waste plastics such as polypropylene and the like, is beneficial to relieving environmental pollution and resource shortage to a certain extent, and changes waste into valuable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation process and a preparation method of a charcoal/polypropylene composite material.
Background
As early as the age of the neolithic apparatus, people have already come to know the charcoal; charcoal has been widely used in metallurgy as a fuel during the period of commercial weeks. The existing charcoal production technologies mainly comprise internal heating type carbonization, external heating type carbonization and circulating airflow heating type carbonization, and the future charcoal production is developed along the directions of high efficiency, industrialization and standardization. The wood is carbonized into a honeycomb porous body, and along with the continuous rise of the carbonization temperature, the charcoal only contracts correspondingly, and the structure cannot be damaged. The charcoal has a large surface area on the inner wall of the pores, and the adsorbed surface area is further increased as the number of the crushed charcoal is increased. Due to this property of charcoal, charcoal is widely used for moisture control, deodorization, and fertilizer release. Different carbonization processes have important influence on the properties of the charcoal, and compared with a one-stage carbonization method, the two-stage carbonization method is beneficial to improving the yield, the adsorption performance, the specific surface area, the micropore volume and the mesopore volume of the charcoal. Meanwhile, the properties of the charcoal prepared by the two-stage carbonization method also provide possibility for preparing the composite material.
The preparation of the wood-plastic composite material mainly comprises methods such as monomer injection polymerization, extrusion molding, compression molding, non-airflow paving molding and the like, and the extrusion molding is widely applied. Extrusion molding, also known as extrusion molding in the plastic processing technology, refers to a method of adding materials into a cylinder of an extruder, heating and plasticizing the materials through the action between the cylinder and a screw, pushing the materials forward by the screw to extrude, and making the materials into products with various sections through a machine head. The extrusion molding mainly comprises four methods of plunger type, single screw, double screw, multi-screw extrusion molding and the like, and different extrusion methods can prepare different materials. The thermoplastic composite material prepared by the extrusion molding method has the best performance and lower cost, which also provides experience for the preparation method of the charcoal/polypropylene composite material. Different from wood, the charcoal is obtained by carbonizing wood at high temperature, has low polarity, cannot be burnt at high temperature, and is more suitable for extrusion molding.
The charcoal/polypropylene composite material is prepared by using charcoal as a filler and polypropylene as a matrix by an extrusion molding method, so that a new way is provided for the diversified utilization of the charcoal, a new thought is provided for the modification of the polypropylene, and meanwhile, the preparation and application of the composite material have a positive effect on the recycling of waste plastics such as the polypropylene and the like, and are favorable for relieving environmental pollution and resource shortage to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation and background, the invention designs a preparation process and a preparation method of a charcoal/polypropylene composite material. The composite material has simple production process and low cost, is favorable for reducing environmental pollution and saves wood resources. The aim is to promote the diversified utilization of charcoal and the recycling of waste plastics and prepare the composite material with good water absorption and mechanical strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a charcoal/polypropylene composite material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of polypropylene; 30-60 parts of charcoal; 3-5 parts of a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer; 1-5 parts of a lubricant.
Further, the polypropylene is a commercially available product having a density of 0.9g/cm3The melting point is 190-200 ℃.
Further, the charcoal is commercially available charcoal with a particle size of 60-80 meshes and a water content of less than 2%.
Further, the calcium-zinc composite stabilizer is a calcium stearate and zinc stearate composite stabilizer, wherein the molar ratio of calcium stearate to zinc stearate is 2: 1.
Further, the lubricant is a highly efficient lubricant of a high filling system, is granular in appearance, has a dropping point of 67-77 ℃, and has a specific gravity of 1.005g/cm3。
A preparation method of charcoal/polypropylene composite material comprises the following steps:
1) putting commercially available charcoal into an ultrafine grinder, grinding the commercially available charcoal to 60-80 meshes, drying the charcoal to reduce the water content of the charcoal to below 2%, adding the dried charcoal in parts by weight of 30-60 parts, polypropylene in parts by weight of 30-60 parts, a calcium-zinc composite stabilizer in parts by weight of 3-5 parts and a lubricant in parts by weight of 1-5 parts into a high-speed mixer, and fully mixing to obtain a uniform mixed material, wherein the mixing temperature is 100 ℃ and 105 ℃, and the mixing time is 10-15 min;
2) putting the fully mixed materials into a double-screw extruder to be extruded and granulated to obtain granules;
3) and (3) putting the granules obtained in the step 2) into a double-screw extruder again for secondary extrusion molding to obtain the required plate.
Further, the drying method in the step 1) comprises the following steps: putting charcoal powder into a drying oven, and drying at 105 deg.C for 24 hr.
Further, the rotating speed of the feeding machine of the extruder in the step 2) and the rotating speed of the screw in the step 3) are the same and are 40-60r/min, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the temperature of the main machine of the extruder is 200-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the composite material is prepared from the charcoal and the polypropylene, and has the advantages of low price, simple process, environmental protection, no pollution and cyclic utilization;
2. the composite material is prepared from charcoal and polypropylene, and has good water absorption performance and mechanical strength;
3. the invention has positive effect on recycling of waste plastics such as polypropylene and the like, is beneficial to relieving environmental pollution and resource shortage to a certain extent, and changes waste into valuable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of charcoal at 5000 magnification: as can be seen, the microstructure of the charcoal is a porous structure;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a cross section of the charcoal/polypropylene composite at 5000 magnification: the polypropylene matrix is filled into the charcoal pores, and the polypropylene also serves as a binder to combine different charcoal particles together to form a mechanical interlocking structure;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a charcoal/polypropylene composite manufacturing process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1) Screening 60-mesh charcoal powder, putting the charcoal powder into a drying oven, drying for 24 hours at 105 ℃ to reduce the water content to below 2%, then putting 30g of dried charcoal, 60g of polypropylene, 3g of calcium-zinc composite stabilizer and 1g of lubricant into a high-speed mixer, and fully mixing to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixing temperature is 105 ℃, and the mixing time is 10 min;
2) and (4) putting the fully mixed material obtained in the step one into a double-screw extruder for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed granules. The rotating speeds of the feeding machine and the screw are both 40r/min, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the extrusion temperature is 200 ℃;
3) putting the granules obtained in the step two into a double-screw extruder again for extruding to obtain the required plate; the rotating speeds of the feeding machine and the screw are both 40r/min, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the extrusion temperature is 200 ℃.
Example 2
1) Screening charcoal powder of 80 meshes, putting the charcoal powder into a drying oven, drying for 24 hours at 105 ℃ to reduce the water content to below 2%, and then putting 40g of dried charcoal, 50g of polypropylene, 4g of calcium-zinc composite stabilizer and 3g of lubricant into a high-speed mixer to be fully mixed to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixing temperature is 105 ℃, and the mixing time is 15 min;
2) and (4) putting the fully mixed material obtained in the step one into a double-screw extruder for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed granules. The rotating speeds of the feeding machine and the screw are both 50r/min, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the extrusion temperature is 210 ℃;
3) putting the granules obtained in the step two into a double-screw extruder again for extruding to obtain the required plate; the rotating speeds of the feeding machine and the screw are both 50r/min, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the extrusion temperature is 210 ℃.
Example 3
1) Screening charcoal powder of 70 meshes, putting the charcoal powder into a drying oven, drying for 24 hours at 105 ℃ to reduce the water content to below 2%, and then putting 60g of dried charcoal, 30g of polypropylene, 5g of calcium-zinc composite stabilizer and 5g of lubricant into a high-speed mixer to be fully mixed to obtain a mixed material, wherein the mixing temperature is 105 ℃, and the mixing time is 15 min;
2) and (4) putting the fully mixed material obtained in the step one into a double-screw extruder for extrusion granulation to obtain mixed granules. The rotating speeds of the feeding machine and the screw are both 60r/min, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the extrusion temperature is 220 ℃;
3) putting the granules obtained in the step two into a double-screw extruder again for extruding to obtain the required plate; the rotating speeds of the feeding machine and the screw are both 60r/min, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the extrusion temperature is 220 ℃.
The properties of the composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 analysis of properties of the composites obtained in the examples
| Examples | Tensile strength/MPa | Water absorption/% in 7 days |
| Example 1 | 22.34 | 4.02 |
| Example 2 | 23.26 | 3.75 |
| Example 3 | 25.00 | 3.92 |
The charcoal/polypropylene composite material is prepared from charcoal and polypropylene, the material is low in price, simple in process, environment-friendly and pollution-free, can be recycled, has the water absorption rate of 3.75% in 7 days, has the tensile strength of 25MPa, and has a good application prospect.
The invention has positive effect on recycling of waste plastics such as polypropylene and the like, is beneficial to relieving environmental pollution and resource shortage to a certain extent, and changes waste into valuable.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and all modifications, substitutions and improvements that are within the spirit of the present invention should be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the charcoal/polypropylene composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) pulverizing commercially available charcoal in superfine pulverizer to 60-80 mesh, drying to reduce water content to below 2%, and mixing dried charcoal 30-60 weight parts, polypropylene 30-60 weight parts, and polypropylene3-5 parts of calcium-zinc composite stabilizer and 1-5 parts of lubricant by weight are added into a high-speed mixer to be fully mixed to obtain a uniform mixed material, the mixing temperature is 100 ℃ and 105 ℃, and the mixing time is 10-15 min; the density of the polypropylene is 0.9g/cm3The melting point is 190-200 ℃;
2) putting the fully mixed materials into a double-screw extruder to be extruded and granulated to obtain granules;
3) putting the granules obtained in the step 2) into a double-screw extruder again for secondary extrusion molding to obtain the required plate;
in the step 2) and the step 3), the rotating speed of the feeding machine of the extruder is 40-60r/min as the rotating speed of the screw, the temperature of the machine head is 180 ℃, and the temperature of the main machine of the extruder is 200-.
2. The method for preparing charcoal/polypropylene composite material according to claim 1, wherein the drying method of step 1) is: putting charcoal powder into a drying oven, and drying at 105 deg.C for 24 hr.
3. The method for preparing charcoal/polypropylene composite material according to claim 1, wherein the calcium zinc composite stabilizer is a calcium stearate and zinc stearate composite stabilizer, wherein the molar ratio of calcium stearate to zinc stearate is 2: 1.
4. The method for preparing charcoal/polypropylene composite material according to claim 1, wherein the lubricant is a highly efficient lubricant of a highly filled system, and the lubricant is granular in appearance, has a dropping point of 67-77 ℃, and a specific gravity of 1.005g/cm3。
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| CN102492305B (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2014-01-22 | 山东理工大学 | Formula for preparing wood-plastic composite material from papermaking solid wastes and method thereof |
| CN103289221B (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-04-22 | 汤广武 | Insulation board taking waste plastics as raw materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN103788503A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-14 | 博富科技股份有限公司 | Filler masterbatch containing plant charcoal and preparation method thereof |
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