CN116460109A

CN116460109A - Garbage pretreatment equipment and pretreatment method

Info

Publication number: CN116460109A
Application number: CN202210702234.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹长兵
Original assignee: Nanjing Kangfa Rubber Plastic Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Kangfa Rubber Plastic Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-21
Filing date: 2022-06-21
Publication date: 2023-07-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a garbage pretreatment device and a pretreatment method, wherein the garbage pretreatment device comprises: a feeding mechanism; the machine barrel is provided with a feeding port, a discharging port and a transmission connection port, and a discharging port of the feeding mechanism is communicated with the feeding port of the machine barrel; the screw is arranged in the machine barrel, the material transmission direction of the screw is along the length direction of the machine barrel, the first end of the screw is in transmission connection with the power mechanism through the transmission connection port, and the second end of the screw is connected with downstream processing equipment through the discharge port; a heater that heats an in-barrel space of the barrel; and the vacuum machine is communicated with the inner space of the machine barrel. The garbage pretreatment equipment and the pretreatment method solve the problems of low utilization rate and difficult garbage treatment of garbage conversion equipment caused by the fact that raw materials cannot meet the treatment requirements in the prior art.

Description

Garbage pretreatment equipment and pretreatment method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to garbage pretreatment equipment and a pretreatment method.

Background

In order to reduce environmental pollution and improve the utilization rate of garbage, at present, garbage is treated by special garbage conversion equipment, so that the recovery efficiency of valuable components in the garbage is improved while the environment pollution of the garbage is solved, and the high additional value treatment of the garbage is realized. However, when the garbage is subjected to deepening treatment, in order to achieve the aforementioned purposes, namely, on one hand, to solve the environmental pollution and on the other hand, to improve the recovery efficiency of valuable components in the garbage so as to achieve high added value treatment of the garbage, the garbage raw material to be treated is required to meet certain process requirements, such as a certain pore structure and porosity of the raw material, whereas the common garbage does not have the pore structure and the corresponding porosity required by the deepening treatment, so that the utilization rate of garbage conversion equipment is low and the garbage treatment is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide garbage pretreatment equipment and a pretreatment method, which at least partially solve the problems of low utilization rate and difficult garbage treatment of garbage conversion equipment caused by raw materials which cannot meet the treatment requirement in the prior art.

The aim is achieved by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a garbage pretreatment device, comprising:

a feeding mechanism;

the machine barrel is provided with a feeding port, a discharging port and a transmission connection port, and a discharging port of the feeding mechanism is communicated with the feeding port of the machine barrel;

the screw is arranged in the machine barrel, the material transmission direction of the screw is along the length direction of the machine barrel, the first end of the screw is in transmission connection with the power mechanism through the transmission connection port, and the second end of the screw is connected with downstream processing equipment through the discharge port;

a heater that heats an in-barrel space of the barrel;

and the vacuum machine is communicated with the space in the cylinder.

Further, the screw is of a variable-pitch thread structure, and the pitch between adjacent threads is gradually increased from the first end of the screw to the second end of the screw.

In some embodiments of the present application, the screw has a thread lead of 22mm to 600mm.

In some embodiments of the present application, the screw comprises: a rod body; and the screw sleeve is detachably sleeved on the screw rod.

In some embodiments of the present application, the number of the threaded sleeves is plural, and each threaded sleeve is sequentially sleeved on the rod body along the axial direction of the rod body.

In some embodiments of the present application, the screw further comprises: the kneading blocks are arranged in a plurality, each kneading block is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rod body, and the kneading blocks are detachably arranged on the rod body.

In some embodiments of the present application, the kneading blocks are disposed between adjacent said turnbuckle.

In some embodiments of the present application, the number of screws is at least two, adjacent two of the screws are engaged and form a material passing gap between the engagement surfaces.

In some embodiments of the present application, the screws are two, two of which are juxtaposed within the barrel.

In some embodiments of the present application, kneading blocks are mounted on both of the screws, and the kneading blocks at corresponding positions on both of the screws are meshed with each other.

In some embodiments of the present application, the screws are three, and the axes of the cross sections of the three screws are in a parallel structure.

In some embodiments of the present application, the heater may be one of an external heater, an internal heating rod heating structure, and a salt bath heating structure.

In some embodiments of the present application, the number of the vacuum machines is plural, and each vacuum machine is arranged in series, and the vacuum cylinders of two adjacent vacuum machines are communicated.

In some embodiments of the present application, the garbage pretreatment apparatus of the present invention further comprises a bed to which the barrel is mounted by support columns.

In some embodiments of the present application, the clearance between the screw and the barrel is 0.2mm-0.6mm, in particular, the clearance between the screw and the barrel may be 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm.

In some embodiments of the present application, the number of screws is one, two, three or more; the screws are arranged in the same direction or in different directions.

The invention also provides a garbage pretreatment method which is realized by using the garbage pretreatment equipment, and comprises the following steps of:

the material to be treated is added into a feeding mechanism and is transmitted into a machine barrel through the feeding mechanism, so that the material falls into a thread groove of a screw rod;

the heating temperature of the heater is regulated to a first preset temperature, and the temperature is maintained for a preset period of time at constant temperature so as to remove water in the material to be treated;

starting a vacuum machine, adjusting the heating temperature to a second preset temperature, and discharging gas generated in the machine barrel to remove chlorine in the material to be treated, wherein the second preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.

In some embodiments of the present application, the first preset temperature is 30-140 ℃ and the second preset temperature is 140-340 ℃.

In some embodiments of the present application, the moisture in the material is removed at a screw speed of 10-1000rpm at a temperature of 100-120 ℃, the chlorine in the material is removed at 150-340 ℃, and the bulk density of the material to be treated is converted from 0.1-0.2 to 0.9-1.1.

In some embodiments of the present application, the paper and wood chips in the material to be treated are carbonized in a garbage pretreatment apparatus at 150-170 ℃ to form voids.

The garbage pretreatment equipment provided by the invention comprises a feeding mechanism, a machine barrel, at least one screw, a heater and a vacuum machine, wherein materials are conveyed into the machine barrel through the feeding mechanism, the screw is arranged in the machine barrel, the material conveying direction of the screw is along the length direction of the machine barrel, and after entering the machine barrel, the materials fall into a thread groove of the screw and exert shearing force on the materials through rotation of threads, so that the materials are extruded and sheared. Meanwhile, the heater heats the space in the cylinder of the cylinder, and provides necessary temperature conditions for dechlorination and carbonization of materials in the cylinder; the vacuum machine is communicated with the space in the cylinder so as to timely discharge the gas generated in the dechlorination process out of the equipment.

Thus, the garbage pretreatment equipment enables the materials to be treated to simultaneously complete shearing and compression, provides a certain reaction temperature so as to realize dechlorination and partial carbonization of the materials, improves the pile ratio of the materials, can enable the materials to form a special hole structure after shearing and treatment, and obtains high-carbon-content materials with high pile ratio, special structure and no toxic or harmful components, thereby enabling the pretreated materials to be subjected to deep treatment and realizing high-value recovery of garbage, and further solving the problems of lower utilization rate and difficult garbage treatment of garbage conversion equipment caused by the fact that the raw materials cannot meet the treatment requirements in the prior art.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the specific embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a garbage pretreatment apparatus according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the garbage pretreatment apparatus provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a screw in the garbage pretreatment apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of kneading blocks in a screw;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the sleeve in the screw;

fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a structure in which a screw sleeve and a kneading block are sleeved on a rod body to form a screw according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numerals are as follows:

1-feeding mechanism, 2-machine barrel, 3-screw, 4-power mechanism, 5-heater, 6-vacuum machine, 7-lathe bed, 8-kneading block, 9-screw sleeve; 31-first section, 32-second section, 33-nth-1 section, 34-nth section.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

In general, domestic garbage contains a large amount of organic matters, the organic matters mainly comprise carbon elements, the elements have larger recovery value, and garbage conversion equipment prepares fuel or chemical products with high added value under the action of a catalyst and the like at a certain temperature and under a certain pressure. However, when the garbage conversion equipment completes the treatment process, the garbage raw material to be treated has higher requirements, for example, a certain requirement on the chlorine content in the raw material, a certain stacking ratio of the raw material and a special hole structure and porosity of the raw material are required. In order to enable the garbage raw material to be treated to meet the requirements of garbage conversion equipment on the raw material, the invention provides garbage pretreatment equipment for solving the problems.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a garbage pretreatment apparatus according to the present invention.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the garbage pretreatment device provided by the invention comprises a feeding mechanism 1, a machine barrel 2, at least one screw 3, a heater 5 and a vacuum machine 6. The feeding mechanism comprises a machine barrel 2, a feeding port, a discharging port and a transmission connecting port, wherein the feeding port, the discharging port and the transmission connecting port are formed in the machine barrel 2, and the discharging port of the feeding mechanism 1 is communicated with the feeding port of the machine barrel 2. The feeding mechanism 1 is an electric feeder which is provided with a horn-shaped feeding hole, and the material to be treated is added into the feeder through the feeding hole and then enters the machine barrel 2 through the feeding hole.

Screw 3 is a component for shearing and extruding material, screw 3 is disposed within barrel 2 with a gap between the screw and the barrel, in some embodiments, the gap between the screw and the barrel is 0.2mm-0.6mm, in particular, the gap between the screw and the barrel may be 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm, 0.4mm, 0.45mm, 0.5mm, 0.55mm. In the present invention, the refuse is extruded and sheared and dechlorinated through the gap between the screw and the barrel and in cooperation with the flights. When the gap between the screw and the machine barrel is smaller than 0.2mm, along with gradual shearing and crushing of materials, the crushed and heated materials are possibly stuffed between the screw and the machine barrel, so that the screw is locked, the screw or the machine barrel is at risk of damage, and the pretreatment process of garbage is not performed; when the clearance between the screw and the barrel is greater than 0.6mm, the clearance between the screw and the barrel is too large, which is unfavorable for shearing and extruding materials, and cannot better realize shearing, crushing and sufficient removal of harmful components such as chlorine. The invention combines the materials to be treated to carry out repeated experiments through repeated experiments, and determines that: when the clearance between the screw rod and the machine barrel is 0.2mm-0.6mm, the good balance of the effects can be realized, and the pretreatment equipment can be stably operated while good shearing, crushing and harmful component removal are realized, so that the screw rod or the machine barrel is not damaged, and the good service life of the equipment can be maintained. The material transmission direction of the screw 3 is along the length direction of the machine barrel 2, the first end of the screw 3 is in transmission connection with the power mechanism 4 through the transmission connection port, and the second end of the screw 3 is connected with downstream processing equipment through the discharge port.

Specifically, the power mechanism 4 in transmission connection with the screw 3 comprises a motor and a transmission box, the motor is started to drive the screw 3 to rotate, the material is driven to move towards the discharge hole through threads on the screw 3, and in the moving process, the material is extruded and sheared between the threads of the screw 3 and between the screw and the machine barrel.

While the materials are extruded and sheared by the screw 3, the heater 5 heats the space in the barrel 2, so that the materials in the space in the barrel have higher temperature by heating, and the extrusion effect of the screw is combined to realize high-temperature dehydration of the materials. In some embodiments, dewatering refers to reducing the moisture content in the waste material to below 20 wt%; preferably, the moisture content in the waste material is reduced to below 15 wt%; further preferably, the moisture content in the waste material is reduced to below 10 wt%; in addition, the garbage materials are crushed to the particle size of below 6cm through shearing and crushing; preferably, the garbage materials are crushed to a particle size of below 5 cm; preferably, the waste material is crushed to a particle size of 4cm or less, more preferably, the waste material is crushed to a particle size of 2 to 4cm.

The vacuum machine 6 is started while the extrusion, shearing and heating are performed, and as the vacuum machine 6 is communicated with the space in the cylinder, chlorine generated after the decomposition of materials such as PVC in the process can be timely discharged, so that the aggregation of harmful gases is avoided, further treatment of the pretreated garbage is facilitated, and the poisoning of the catalyst possibly used in the process due to the harmful gases such as chlorine in the garbage in the subsequent garbage treatment is avoided. Generally, the vacuum degree can be controlled below 0.20MPa after the vacuum machine 6 is vacuumized; specifically, the vacuum degree can be controlled below 0.15 MPa; specifically, the vacuum degree can be controlled below 0.10 MPa; specifically, the vacuum degree may be controlled to be 0.05MPa or less.

In some embodiments, two or more working components (including but not limited to a screw 3, a barrel 2, a heater 5 and a vacuum machine 6) can be combined according to the specific condition of the garbage material to be treated and the requirement of subsequent deep processing of the garbage material, and a plurality of working components form a plurality of combinations according to the process sequence so as to more efficiently complete the expected pretreatment of the specific garbage material and further better meet the requirement of subsequent deep processing of the garbage material, thereby realizing the high-value recovery and conversion of the garbage material.

In this way, the garbage pretreatment equipment makes certain components in the garbage materials such as thermoplastic polymer materials melt and plasticize into melt at first through the actions of high temperature, shearing and compression, expansion and foaming and the like, and the formed melt can wrap, compress and bond non-plasticization components in the garbage, as the garbage materials also contain impurities such as paper, wood dust, soil, moisture and the like after being screened, the wood dust and the paper are carbonized after the garbage materials are subjected to high temperature, and the moisture is evaporated, and then the melt obtained through the melt plasticization of the thermoplastic polymer materials in the garbage materials is wrapped and bonded, so that the garbage materials form a pore-shaped structure to improve the pile ratio; at the same time, at high temperatures, special pore structures can be created due to the removal of volatiles, chlorine, and partial carbonization and expansion foaming.

Further, in order to improve the shearing and crushing effect and avoid the blocking of materials and thus the locking of the screw, in the present invention, the screw 3 has a variable pitch thread structure, and the pitch between adjacent threads is gradually increased from the first end of the screw 3 toward the second end thereof. That is, at different positions of the screw 3, the pitch of the flights is different, and the thread lead downstream in the conveying direction of the screw 3 is larger than the thread lead upstream in the conveying direction of the screw 3. Like this, when the material just gets into the broken region of screw rod 3, have great shearing force, guaranteed the effect of shearing and breaking, and along with the material gets into the deep of screw rod 3 position, along with the reduction of the particle diameter of rubbish material, the melting plasticization of the thermoplastic polymer material that the rise of temperature leads to, and the carbomorphism of part for the screw thread lead increases gradually, can avoid taking place the material and block and the screw rod locking that leads to from this.

In the present invention, in combination with other components of the garbage pretreatment apparatus as a whole, such as the setting of the cylinder, the setting of the heater, the setting of the vacuum machine, etc., the applicant has found through a great deal of research that when the thread lead of the screw 3 is in the range of 20mm to 650mm, specifically 21mm to 620mm, more specifically 22mm to 600mm, a good balance of shearing pulverization and volatile matter removal, chlorine removal, etc., can be obtained, and thus pretreatment of garbage materials can be better achieved, thereby satisfying the requirements of deep processing of garbage materials and high-value recovery conversion. As shown in fig. 2, in the axial direction of the screw 3, the thread lead is varied, the thread lead at the front end is smaller, the thread lead at the rear end is larger, for example, the screw 3 is divided into a plurality of stages in the front-to-rear direction of the screw 3, which are respectively named as a first stage 31, a second stage 32, … …, an N-1 stage 33, an N-th stage 34 for convenience of description, wherein the thread lead of the first stage 31 may be set to, for example, 20mm, the thread lead of the second stage 32 is set to 30mm, … …, the thread lead of the N-1 stage 33 is set to 500mm, and the thread lead of the N-th stage 34 is set to 650mm; alternatively, wherein the thread lead of the first segment 31 may be set to, for example, 30mm, the thread lead of the second segment 32 to 40mm, … …, the thread lead of the N-1 segment 33 to 500mm, and the thread lead of the N-th segment 34 to 600mm; alternatively, wherein the thread lead of the first segment 31 may be set to, for example, 40mm, the thread lead of the second segment 32 to 50mm, … …, the thread lead of the N-1 th segment 33 to 400mm, and the thread lead of the N-th segment 34 to 500mm; alternatively, wherein the thread lead of the first segment 31 may be set to, for example, 25mm, the thread lead of the second segment 32 is set to 35mm, … …, the thread lead of the N-1 segment 33 is set to 550mm, and the thread lead of the N-th segment 34 is set to 600mm; alternatively, where the thread lead of the first segment 31 may be set to, for example, 35mm, the thread lead of the second segment 32 is set to 45mm, … …, the thread lead of the N-1 segment 33 is set to 450mm, and the thread lead of the N-th segment 34 is set to 550mm.

Preferably, the portion of the thread lead in the front section, in the direction of material transport, where the thread lead is smaller, has a stronger shear force, the length of which portion is not less than 60% of the length of the entire screw 3. Specifically, the portion of the thread lead smaller than 300mm is not less than 60% of the entire length of the screw 3; specifically, the portion of the thread lead smaller than 250mm is not less than 60% of the entire length of the screw 3; specifically, the portion of the thread lead smaller than 200mm is not less than 60% of the entire length of the screw 3; specifically, the portion of the thread lead smaller than 150mm is not less than 60% of the entire length of the screw 3; specifically, the portion of the thread lead smaller than 100mm is not less than 60% of the entire length of the screw 3; specifically, the portion of the thread lead smaller than 50mm is not less than 60% of the entire length of the screw 3; specifically, the portion of the thread lead smaller than 30mm is not less than 60% of the entire length of the screw 3.

In some embodiments, to facilitate equipment maintenance, and reduce maintenance costs, the screw may be designed as a split structure. Specifically, the screw rod comprises a rod body and a screw sleeve, and the screw sleeve is detachably sleeved on the screw rod. In the working process, the screw thread is a part with serious abrasion, the screw thread needs to be replaced frequently, and when the screw rod is of a split structure, only the screw sleeve can be replaced without integrally replacing the screw rod, so that the replacement cost of parts is obviously reduced.

Further, in order to reduce the processing and installation difficulty, when the screw rod is longer, the screw sleeve can be a plurality of, and each screw sleeve is sleeved on the rod body in turn along the axial direction of the rod body.

In order to improve the effect of garbage extrusion and shearing, the screw further comprises a plurality of kneading blocks, each kneading block is arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rod body, and the kneading blocks are detachably arranged on the rod body.

When there are a plurality of the screw sleeves, the kneading blocks may be provided between adjacent screw sleeves to improve the strength of extrusion and shearing. In addition, as schematically shown in fig. 4, the kneading blocks have protrusions, each of which is formed at an angle therebetween, and the protrusions of each of the kneading blocks may be formed at angles different from each other by 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, 90 degrees to be matched with each other, thereby providing different shearing, extruding, and crushing strengths according to the specific conditions of the materials. Further, kneading blocks of different angles may be collocated and combined in order to achieve a satisfactory specific pretreatment for a specific material. In addition, as described above, when the kneading blocks are worn, the whole screw is not required to be replaced, and only the kneading blocks with specific wear are required to be replaced, so that the screw is not required to be replaced as a whole, and the replacement cost of parts is remarkably reduced. Fig. 6 shows a structure in which the nut 9 and the kneading blocks 8 are sequentially fitted on the rod body.

In principle, in addition to extrusion, shearing and crushing, dechlorination and carbonization are also required in the pretreatment equipment, and these chemical actions involve the destruction of molecular chains of the material, which can be achieved by applying strong shearing forces and heat to the waste material. Obviously, the effect of heat is determined by the temperature and the shear force by the screw 3. The method aims at dechlorination and carbonization of garbage materials, under certain conditions, the temperature and the shearing force can both promote the process, the dechlorination and carbonization are favored by higher temperature, and the dechlorination and carbonization are favored by stronger shearing force under certain temperature. However, too high a temperature consumes more energy, and at the same time makes carbonization more serious and the degree of carbonization difficult to control, the thermoplastic component will lose fluidity, easily causing locking of the screw 3. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the temperature requirements by increasing the shear force, thereby compromising the dechlorination carbonization and the operability of the process. As for the control of the shearing force, in the present invention, by repeating a large number of experiments, the shearing force can be controlled by optimizing and conditioning conditions including the thread lead, the clearance of the screw and the barrel, and the like.

To increase shear forces, as previously described, smaller thread leads are required, with smaller thread leads and greater shear forces. However, due to the uniqueness of the garbage material treatment, the garbage material is gradually carbonized under the combined action of the shearing and the high temperature of the screw 3 from the process of entering the barrel 2 to the process of leaving the barrel 2, so that the fluidity of the material is lower and lower along the conveying direction of the screw 3, the smaller thread lead is unfavorable for conveying the material, and the screw 3 is blocked in severe cases, so that the thread lead should be larger at the tail end (namely the second end) of the screw 3. For example, a section of the screw 3 near the second end has a thread lead of, for example, not less than 300mm in the trailing end portion accounting for 20% of the length of the screw 3, specifically not less than 350mm in the trailing end portion accounting for 20% of the length of the screw 3, specifically not less than 400mm in the trailing end portion accounting for 20% of the length of the screw 3, specifically not less than 450mm in the trailing end portion accounting for 20% of the length of the screw 3. That is, in order to achieve the combination of dechlorination, carbonization and material transportation in the production process, the front-end strong-shearing, small-clearance portion of the screw 3 is not less than 60% of the length of the entire screw 3, and the rear-end weak-shearing, large-clearance portion is not less than 20% of the length of the entire screw 3.

In order to improve the efficiency and effect of shearing and crushing materials, the number of the screws 3 is at least two, two adjacent screws 3 are meshed and matched, and a material passing gap is formed between each meshed surface. Thus, when the screw 3 has more than two screws arranged in parallel, not only the shearing can be realized through the threads of a single screw 3, but also the shearing and extrusion of materials can be realized through the meshing relationship between the adjacent screws 3, thereby improving the shearing and crushing efficiency and effect.

In some embodiments, the screws 3 are two, each of which is shown in fig. 3, and when two screws are provided, it should be understood that the two screws 3 are disposed in parallel in the barrel 2, and the threads of the two screws 3 are engaged with each other, and the two screws 3 are in driving connection with the power mechanism 4 and rotate in opposite directions to achieve engagement.

When two screws are arranged, the kneading blocks are arranged on the screws, and the kneading blocks at corresponding positions on the screws are meshed with each other, so that the effects of garbage extrusion, shearing, crushing and dechlorination are improved.

In other embodiments, the number of the screws 3 is three, the axes of the cross sections of the three screws 3 are in parallel structure, and each two screws 3 are provided with an engagement surface, so that three engagement surfaces for shearing materials can be formed, and the shearing and crushing effects are remarkably improved.

Further, the heater 5 may be external heat transfer and heat transfer from a heating rod or salt bath within barrel 2.

Further, the number of the vacuum machines 6 is plural, each vacuum machine 6 is arranged in series, and the vacuum cylinders of two adjacent vacuum machines 6 are communicated. In some embodiments, the vacuum 6 may be provided in 2-10, for example 3, 4 or more may be provided in series with each other.

In order to achieve an effective support of the other components, the device further comprises a bed 7, said barrel 2 being mounted to said bed 7 by means of support columns.

In the specific embodiment, the garbage pretreatment device provided by the invention comprises a feeding mechanism 1, a machine barrel 2, at least one screw rod 3, a heater 5 and a vacuum machine 6, wherein the material is conveyed into the machine barrel 2 through the feeding mechanism 1, the screw rod 3 is arranged in the machine barrel 2, the material conveying direction of the screw rod 3 is along the length direction of the machine barrel 2, after entering the machine barrel 2, the material falls into a thread groove of the screw rod 3, and a shearing force is applied to the material through rotation of threads, so that the material is cut off. At the same time, the heater 5 heats the space in the cylinder of the cylinder 2 and provides necessary temperature conditions for dechlorination and carbonization of the materials in the cylinder 2; the vacuum machine 6 is communicated with the space in the cylinder so as to timely discharge the gas generated in the dechlorination process out of the equipment.

Thus, through the garbage pretreatment equipment, the materials to be treated are sheared and compressed at the same time, a certain reaction temperature is provided, dehydration can be realized at a high temperature, so that dechlorination and partial carbonization of the materials are realized, the pile ratio of the materials is improved, the materials can form special hole structures and granulations after being sheared and treated, and the high-carbon-content materials with high pile ratio, special structures and no toxic components are obtained, so that the pretreated materials can be subjected to deep treatment, and high-value recovery of garbage is realized. Thereby solving the problems of lower utilization rate and difficult garbage treatment of garbage conversion equipment caused by the fact that the raw materials cannot meet the treatment requirements in the prior art.

In addition to the pretreatment equipment, the invention also provides a garbage pretreatment method based on the pretreatment equipment, which comprises the following steps:

the material to be treated is added into a feeding mechanism 1 and is transmitted into a machine barrel 2 through the feeding mechanism 1, so that the material falls into a thread groove of a screw 3;

the heating temperature of the heater 5 is regulated to a first preset temperature, and the temperature is maintained for a preset period of time at constant temperature so as to remove the water in the material to be treated;

starting a vacuum machine 6, adjusting the heating temperature to a second preset temperature, and discharging the gas generated in the machine barrel 2 to remove chlorine in the material to be treated, wherein the second preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.

Further, the first preset temperature is 30-140 ℃, specifically, the first preset temperature may be 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃; the second preset temperature is 140-340 ℃, specifically, the second preset temperature may be 150 ℃, 180 ℃, 200 ℃, 230 ℃, 250 ℃, 260 ℃, 280 ℃, 300 ℃, 320 ℃, 340 ℃.

In the process, the vacuum degree is controlled below 0.20 MPa; specifically, the vacuum degree can be controlled below 0.15 MPa; specifically, the vacuum degree can be controlled below 0.10 MPa; specifically, the vacuum degree may be controlled to be 0.05MPa or less. The aforementioned high temperature means that the temperature of the material is 200 to 500 ℃, specifically 250 to 400 ℃, specifically 300 to 350 ℃ by extrusion, shearing, and heating.

Specifically, the strength of the shearing force can be indirectly measured through the linear speed of the screw 3, and the linear speed is generally greater than 0.4m/s for the treatment of the garbage materials. The garbage materials are subjected to dechlorination, carbonization, compression, expansion foaming and other processes in the double-screw extruder, and a certain residence time is needed, for example, the residence time is generally more than 30 seconds, so that the treatment effect is ensured. The residence time of the material is determined by the length of the screw and the rotational speed of the screw, so that the length-diameter ratio of the screw is 40-80:1 for the treatment of the garbage material, the rotational speed of the screw is 100-1200 rpm in the operation process, the shear line speed born by the material is more than 0.4m/s, and the residence time of the material is more than 30s.

In addition, as the garbage materials contain chlorine, dechlorination reaction occurs, acid gas can be generated, and the materials of the screw rods are corrosion-resistant materials; and the garbage materials may contain hard materials such as metal, glass and the like, and the screw materials should also be wear-resistant hard metal materials. The garbage material needs to be subjected to dechlorination at a lower temperature under the action of temperature, volatile matters in the garbage material are removed at first, dechlorination is finished at a higher temperature, for example, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material can be subjected to dechlorination at a temperature higher than 200 ℃, and then a vacuum system is matched to remove chlorine in the garbage, so that toxic action on a catalyst in a subsequent deep processing treatment process is avoided.

In the process, the vacuum degree is controlled below 0.05MPa, the process temperature is 200-500 ℃, preferably 400-500 ℃, and the higher temperature can realize better dechlorination and carbonization. However, as previously mentioned, depending on the particular material being processed, various parameters including temperature, pressure, vacuum, and thread lead, clearance between the screw and barrel, etc. need to be taken into account in combination to make adaptations.

In the following, membrane-like polymer garbage (which includes various materials such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene pe|, polyvinyl chloride PVC, etc.) separated after the disposal of a landfill site is treated by using the garbage pretreatment apparatus of the present invention. In the prior art, the garbage containing the plastic polymer is usually buried or burned, and the garbage can be dehydrated and dechlorinated by pretreatment, so that the pile ratio is improved, and the garbage has specific gaps, thereby meeting the requirement of deep processing.

The garbage pretreatment equipment of the invention adopts double screws arranged in parallel, and the film-shaped macromolecule garbage (comprising various materials such as polypropylene PP, polyethylene PE, polyvinyl chloride PVC and the like, the bulk density of which is 0.2 g/cm) separated after the treatment of the landfill site ³ ) The treatment was performed and characterized according to the following method, and specific treatment conditions and results after the treatment are shown in table 1 below. In the process of carrying out garbage pretreatment by using the equipment of the invention, dehydration is completed at about 120 ℃ and 240 DEG CChlorine in PVC in the material is separated from inorganic chlorine to reduce air pollution, and the paper, wood dust and other matters are carbonized at 160 deg.c to form gaps and garbage with bulk density of 0.2g/cm ³ Can be converted into 0.9-1.1g/cm after extrusion by equipment ³ The volume is reduced, and the requirement of further processing is met.

(1) Chlorine content determination

Reference standard: GB/T6324.9-2016 section 9 of organic chemical product test method: chlorine determination, measuring chlorine content in garbage.

(2) Bulk Density determination

Reference standard: ASTM D7481-2009 Standard test method for measuring bulk and powder Density Using a measuring cylinder, bulk Density of refuse is measured.

Table 1: the result of treating the membrane-shaped macromolecule garbage separated from the refuse landfill after treatment by the equipment of the invention

Examples	Screw experimental conditions	Cl removal percentage%
			1	260℃，100rpm/min，2min	97.80
2	280℃，200rpm/min，1min	98.51
			3	280℃，100rpm/min，2min	98.68
4	300℃，200rpm/min，1min	98.72
			5	300℃，100rpm/min，2min	99.09
6	320℃，200rpm/min，1min	98.86
			7	340℃，200rpm/min，1min	98.59

The results in table 1 can be seen: by utilizing the garbage pretreatment equipment, the bulk density of the membranous polymer garbage separated after the treatment of the landfill site can be controlled to be from 0.2g/cm ³ Lifting to 0.9-1.1g/cm ³ And the Cl removal rate can reach more than 97.80 percent, even can reach 99.09 percent, and the method shows very good dechlorination effect.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order described or illustrated, unless an order of performance is explicitly stated. It should also be appreciated that additional or alternative steps may be used.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms, such as "inner," "outer," "lower," "below," "upper," "above," and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. Such spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below … …" may include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative relationship descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A garbage pretreatment apparatus, characterized by comprising:

a feeding mechanism (1);

the machine comprises a machine barrel (2), wherein a feeding port, a discharge port and a transmission connection port are formed in the machine barrel (2), and a discharge port of the feeding mechanism (1) is communicated with the feeding port of the machine barrel (2);

the screw rod (3) is arranged in the machine barrel (2), the material transmission direction of the screw rod (3) is along the length direction of the machine barrel (2), the first end of the screw rod (3) is in transmission connection with the power mechanism (4) through the transmission connection port, and the second end of the screw rod (3) is connected with downstream processing equipment through the discharge port;

a heater (5), the heater (5) heating an in-barrel space of the barrel (2);

and the vacuum machine (6) is communicated with the space in the cylinder.

2. A waste pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw (3) is of a variable pitch thread structure and that the pitch between adjacent threads increases gradually from the first end of the screw (3) towards the second end thereof.

3. A waste pretreatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that the thread lead of the screw (3) is 22-600 mm.

4. The garbage pretreatment apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the screw comprises:

a rod body;

the screw sleeve is detachably sleeved on the rod body.

5. The garbage pretreatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the number of the screw sleeves is plural, and each of the screw sleeves is sequentially sleeved on the rod body along the axial direction of the rod body.

6. The garbage pretreatment apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:

the kneading blocks are arranged in a plurality, are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rod body, and are detachably mounted on the rod body.

7. The waste pretreatment apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the kneading blocks are disposed between the adjacent screw sleeves.

8. A waste pre-treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of screws (3) is at least two, adjacent two screws (3) being in engagement, and that a material passing gap is formed between the respective engagement surfaces.

9. A waste pretreatment apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that said screws (3) are two, two of said screws (3) being juxtaposed in said barrel (2).

10. A waste pretreatment apparatus according to claim 9, wherein kneading blocks are mounted on both of the screws, and the kneading blocks at corresponding positions on both of the screws are meshed with each other.