CN112940060B - Method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by countercurrent hot water method - Google Patents
Method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by countercurrent hot water method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112940060B CN112940060B CN202110193181.4A CN202110193181A CN112940060B CN 112940060 B CN112940060 B CN 112940060B CN 202110193181 A CN202110193181 A CN 202110193181A CN 112940060 B CN112940060 B CN 112940060B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by a countercurrent hot water method, which comprises the following steps: cleaning and slicing, namely cleaning and slicing the grapefruit to obtain a cut product; step two: drying and crushing, namely drying the cut product at the temperature of not more than 120 ℃, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving to obtain a crushed product; step three: countercurrent extraction, namely extracting the crushed product by using a countercurrent hot water method for 1.5-3 hours to obtain an extracting solution; step four: concentrating and crystallizing, concentrating and crystallizing the extracting solution to separate out naringin crystals; step five: dehydrating and drying, namely dehydrating and drying the separated naringin crystals to obtain a naringin finished product, crushing and grinding the naringin finished product, and storing the naringin finished product; the method utilizes the countercurrent hot water method to extract naringin from the pomelo peel, greatly improves the extraction efficiency of the naringin, effectively utilizes the fruit which falls before picking and the fruit which is removed, saves the production cost, and has the characteristics of simple and convenient extraction process and high extraction rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of extraction of plant components, in particular to a method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by a countercurrent hot water method.
Background
Grapefruit is a common fruit, has cold property, sweet and sour taste, is characterized by lung and stomach channels, has delicious taste as the pulp of the grapefruit, but has extremely high medicinal value, can clear heat and detoxify, can diminish inflammation and sterilize, is directly used for boiling water and drinking after being dried in the sun at ordinary times, and has abundant acronychia in the shaddock peel; naringin is also called naringin, has various pharmacological activities such as blood lipid regulation, diabetes resistance, allergy resistance, nerve maintenance and the like, and a large number of researches show that naringin also has the functions of oxidation resistance, inflammation resistance and cancer resistance, can influence the activity of digestive tract enzymes, can enhance the curative effect of other medicines as a supplement, and is a potential bioactive component; the naringin can be hydrogenated and reduced into naringin dihydrochalcone, which is a novel sweetener without heat, and is mainly used as sugar substitute in chewing gum, preserved fruit and dried orange peel, beer, fruit juice beverage and functional beverage; the naringin can also be used as a sweetener of daily chemical products such as toothpaste and the like, and naringin is recorded in food additive use standard (GB 2760-2011) in China, and is exemplified by the U.S. food and drug administration, japan and the like into a list of natural food additives which are recognized as safe substances;
the naringin is mainly present in the peel, the content in the pulp and the seed is low, the peel proportion of the young fruit of the pomelo is large, and the content is particularly high; the pomelo processing peel and slag utilization rate in China is low, and the falling fruits and the thinned small fruits are basically not utilized before picking, so that the resource waste is caused, and the environment is polluted; in the past, the extraction of naringin mainly adopts an organic solvent or low-concentration alkali liquor, the cost is high, the impurities are more, the pollution is serious, and the naringin is easy to degrade by alkali liquor extraction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by using a countercurrent hot water method, which greatly improves the extraction efficiency of naringin by extracting naringin from shaddock peel by using the countercurrent hot water method, effectively utilizes fruits which fall before picking and are removed, saves the production cost, and has the characteristics of simple and convenient extraction process and high extraction rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for extracting naringin from pericarpium Citri Grandis by countercurrent hot water method comprises:
step one: cleaning and slicing, namely cleaning and slicing the picked fresh grapefruits to obtain cut products;
step two: drying and crushing, namely drying the cut product at the temperature of not more than 120 ℃, crushing and sieving by using a crusher when the moisture is not more than 10%, so as to obtain a crushed product, wherein the particle size of the crushed product is not more than 3mm;
step three: countercurrent extraction, namely extracting the crushed product by using a countercurrent hot water method, controlling the extraction temperature between 95 and 120 ℃ and extracting for 1.5 to 3 hours to obtain an extracting solution;
step four: concentrating and crystallizing, concentrating and crystallizing the extracting solution to separate out naringin crystals;
step five: dehydrating and drying, namely dehydrating and drying the separated naringin crystals until the water content of the naringin crystals is less than 5%, obtaining a naringin finished product, crushing and grinding, and storing;
in the third to fifth steps, the extraction equipment is a naringin extraction device.
Preferably, in the step of cleaning and slicing, the grapefruit is cut into grapefruit slices having a thickness of not more than 0.3mm by using a slicer.
Preferably, in the countercurrent extraction step, the ratio of hot water to pulverized product should be not less than 10:1.
Preferably, the naringin extraction device include countercurrent extraction mechanism, concentrated crystallization mechanism, dehydration drying mechanism and steam stove, the steam stove is double-furnace steam stove, countercurrent extraction mechanism and concentrated crystallization mechanism are connected with the steam stove respectively, countercurrent extraction mechanism passes through the pipe connection with concentrated crystallization mechanism, and is provided with the drawing liquid pump on the pipeline, dehydration drying mechanism sets up in concentrated crystallization mechanism's downside, carries out dehydration to naringin crystal.
Preferably, the countercurrent extraction mechanism comprises an extraction tank, a stirring assembly and a slag discharging assembly, wherein the stirring assembly and the slag discharging assembly are arranged in the extraction tank, the extraction tank is a non-cover reaction tank, an extraction tank cover is arranged on the extraction tank, a feed inlet and an extraction liquid outlet are arranged on the extraction tank cover, and the extraction liquid outlet is connected with one end of a pipeline; the extraction tank is provided with a hot water inlet, a material dropping plate, a sedimentation tank and a first steam conduit, the hot water inlet is arranged on the side wall below the extraction tank, the sedimentation tank is arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the extraction tank and corresponds to the arrangement position of an extraction liquid outlet, and the first steam conduit is wound on the side wall of the extraction tank and is connected with a steam furnace to heat the interior of the extraction tank; the precipitation tank comprises a frame body and a filter screen, wherein the filter screen is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the frame body and is used for filtering the extracting solution.
Preferably, the stirring assembly is arranged on the upper side of the material dropping plate and comprises a driving unit, a stirring unit and a connecting unit, the driving unit drives the stirring unit to rotate, the stirring unit is arranged in the extraction tank and comprises a stirring rod, stirring blades, stirring She, a first bearing and a bearing support, the stirring rod penetrates through the extraction tank, one end of the stirring rod is fixed on the side wall of the extraction tank through the first bearing and the bearing support, and the other end of the stirring rod is connected with the connecting unit arranged on the side wall of the extraction tank; the stirring blade seat is fixedly arranged on the stirring rod, and the stirring She Dengju is arranged on the stirring blade seat to play a role in stirring.
Preferably, the driving unit comprises a first driving motor, a first gear, a first connecting rod, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear and a cam, wherein the first driving motor is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the bearing support, the power output end of the first driving motor is connected with the first gear, the first gear is meshed with the second gear sleeved at the tail end of the stirring rod, the driving shaft of the first driving motor also penetrates through the first gear to be connected with the first bevel gear, the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear, the second bevel gear is fixed through the first connecting rod, the lower end of the first connecting rod is provided with the cam, and the cam is propped against the outer end part of the second gear; the connecting unit comprises a sleeve, a fixed support, a fastener and a spring, wherein the fixed support is arranged on the inner side of the extracting tank and is in threaded connection with the fastener, the fixed support is fixed on the side wall of the extracting tank, the sleeve is arranged on the inner side of the fixed support, the spring is arranged in the sleeve, and the tail end of the stirring rod is connected with the sleeve and is tightly propped against the spring.
Preferably, the slag discharging component is arranged at the lower end of the extraction tank and comprises a second slag discharging motor and a spiral pushing rod, the second slag discharging motor is fixed at the tail end of a slag discharging barrel at the lower end of the extraction tank, the spiral pushing rod is connected with the second slag discharging motor through a key shaft, and the outer edge of a spiral line arranged on the spiral pushing rod is tightly attached to the inner wall of the slag discharging barrel.
Preferably, the concentration crystallization mechanism comprises a crystallization tank and an agitating assembly arranged in the crystallization tank, wherein the crystallization tank comprises a crystallization tank cover and a crystallization tank body which are matched with each other for use, the crystallization tank cover is provided with a solution inlet and a pressure relief opening, and the solution inlet is connected with a pipeline; the crystallization tank body comprises an outer tank body and an inner tank body, a heating cavity is arranged between the outer tank body and the inner tank body, a steam inlet and a steam outlet which are communicated with the heating cavity are arranged on the outer tank body, and the steam inlet is connected with the steam furnace through an air pipe; the side wall of the inner tank body is also provided with a plurality of air ducts which are communicated with the heating cavity, the lower end of the inner tank body is provided with a crystallization pot and an arc scraping plate, the crystallization pot is fixedly arranged on the inner tank body through a plurality of fixing rods, the arc scraping plate is arranged below the crystallization pot, and a scraper is arranged on the arc scraping plate and is in contact with the inner wall of the inner tank body; the stirring assembly comprises a third stirring motor, a second driving rod, a stirring rod and a connecting sleeve, wherein the third stirring motor is arranged on the crystallization tank cover, the stirring rod penetrates through the crystallization tank cover to be connected with the third stirring motor, the stirring rod is arranged at the lower end of the second driving rod and is matched with the crystallization pot to be used, the second driving rod penetrates through the crystallization pot to be connected with the arc scraping plate through the connecting sleeve, and a discharge hole is formed in the lower side of the arc scraping plate.
Preferably, the dehydration drying mechanism is a dehydration tank, a movable cover, an air vent, a dry pot and a pot seat are arranged on the dehydration tank, the movable cover is arranged at the front end of the dehydration tank, the air vent is arranged at the top end of the dehydration tank, the dry pot is movably arranged on the pot seat, the pot seat is arranged in an inner cavity of the dehydration tank, and a heating wire is arranged in the pot seat in a winding manner to heat the dry pot.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention discloses a method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by a countercurrent hot water method, which is improved compared with the prior art in that:
(1) The invention designs a method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by using a countercurrent hot water method, which greatly improves the extraction efficiency of naringin, effectively utilizes fruits which fall before picking and are removed, saves the production cost, simultaneously avoids the waste of immature shaddock and reduces the environmental pressure;
(2) In the process of extracting naringin from the pomelo peel by using the countercurrent hot water method, the naringin extracting device is designed, and in the extracting process, the processes of countercurrent extraction of crushed products, concentration and crystallization of extracting solution, dehydration and drying of naringin crystals and the like can be fully automatically realized by using the naringin extracting device, so that the naringin extracting device is simple and convenient to use, has good effects of extraction, crystallization and drying, and has the advantages of simple and convenient extracting process and high extraction rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of extraction of naringin from shaddock peel by countercurrent hot water method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the naringin extraction device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the countercurrent extraction mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the stirring unit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the stirring unit a of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the countercurrent extraction mechanism B of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the tapping assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the concentrating crystallization mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the dehydration drying mechanism of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the system comprises an extraction tank 11, a hot water inlet 12, a drop plate 13, a settling tank 131, a frame 132, a filter screen 14, a first steam conduit 15, a slag discharging cylinder 2, an extraction tank cover 21, a feed inlet 22, an extraction liquid outlet 23, a control valve 3, a stirring component 31, a driving unit 311, a first driving motor 312, a first gear 313, a first connecting rod 314, a first bevel gear 315, a second bevel gear 316, a cam 32, a stirring unit 321, a stirring rod 322, a stirring blade 323, a stirring blade seat 324, a first bearing 325, a bearing seat 326, a second gear 33, a connecting unit 331, a sleeve 332, a fixed seat 333, a fastener 334, a spring 4 and a slag discharging component, 41, second tapping motor 42, screw-out rod 421, screw 5, pipe, 6, liquid pump 7, crystallization tank 71, crystallization tank cover 711, solution inlet 712, pressure relief port 72, crystallization tank 721, outer tank 722, inner tank 723, heating cavity 724, gas duct 725, steam inlet 726, steam outlet 727, discharge port 728, crystallization tank 7281, fixed rod 729, arc scraping plate 7291, scraper 8, stirring assembly 81, third stirring motor 82, second driving rod 83, stirring rod 84, connecting sleeve 9, dewatering tank 91, movable cover 92, air vent 93, dry pot 94, pot seat 941, heating wire 10.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A method for extracting naringin from pericarpium Citri Grandis by countercurrent hot water method is shown in figures 1-9, and comprises
Step one: cleaning and slicing, namely cleaning the picked fresh grapefruits in clean water, and slicing the cleaned grapefruits by using a slicing machine to obtain cut products;
step two: drying and crushing, namely drying the cut product at the temperature of not more than 120 ℃, crushing and sieving by using a crusher when the moisture is not more than 10%, so as to obtain a crushed product, wherein the particle size of the obtained crushed product is not more than 3mm;
step three: countercurrent extraction, namely extracting the crushed product by using a countercurrent hot water method, controlling the extraction temperature between 95 and 120 ℃ and extracting for 1.5 to 3 hours to obtain an extracting solution;
step four: concentrating and crystallizing, concentrating and crystallizing the extracting solution to separate out naringin crystals;
step five: dehydrating and drying, namely dehydrating and drying the separated naringin crystals until the water content of the naringin crystals is less than 5%, obtaining a naringin finished product, crushing and grinding, and storing;
in the third to fifth steps, the extraction equipment is a naringin extraction device.
Preferably, in order to shorten the time of the drying and crushing process and not to break the fibers in the shaddock peel, in the step of cleaning and slicing, the shaddock is cut into shaddock slices with the thickness not more than 0.3mm by using a slicing machine.
Preferably, in order to ensure the extraction effect, the ratio of hot water to crushed product should be not less than 10:1 in the countercurrent extraction step.
The naringin extraction device comprises a countercurrent extraction mechanism, a concentration crystallization mechanism, a dehydration and drying mechanism and a steam furnace 10, wherein the countercurrent extraction mechanism and the concentration crystallization mechanism are controlled so as to be heated independently or at different temperatures, the steam furnace 10 is a double-furnace steam furnace, the countercurrent extraction mechanism and the concentration crystallization mechanism are connected with the steam furnace 10 respectively, the steam furnace 10 is used for providing heat for the countercurrent extraction mechanism and the concentration crystallization mechanism respectively, the countercurrent extraction mechanism is connected with the concentration crystallization mechanism through a pipeline 5, a liquid pump 6 is arranged on the pipeline 5, and during use, an extract liquid extracted by the countercurrent extraction mechanism is conveyed into the concentration crystallization mechanism by the pipeline 5 and the liquid pump 6 to be concentrated and crystallized, so that naringin crystals are obtained, the dehydration and drying mechanism is arranged at the lower side of the concentration crystallization mechanism, the naringin crystals are put into the dehydration and drying mechanism, and the naringin crystals are dehydrated by the dehydration and drying mechanism, so that naringin products are obtained.
Preferably, the countercurrent extraction mechanism comprises an extraction tank 1, a stirring assembly 3 and a slag discharging assembly 4 which are arranged in the extraction tank 1, wherein the extraction tank 1 is a non-cover reaction tank, an extraction tank cover 2 is arranged on the extraction tank 1, a feed inlet 21 and an extraction liquid outlet 22 are arranged on the extraction tank cover 2, and when in use, a cut product is introduced into the extraction tank 1 from the feed inlet 21, the extraction liquid outlet 22 is connected with one end of a pipeline 5, and the extraction liquid obtained by countercurrent extraction is introduced into the concentration crystallization mechanism through the pipeline 5; the extraction tank 1 is provided with a hot water inlet 11, a material dropping plate 12, a sedimentation tank 13 and a first steam conduit 14, the hot water inlet 11 is arranged on the side wall below the extraction tank 1 and is used for injecting hot water from bottom to top, the sedimentation tank 13 is arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the extraction tank 1 and corresponds to the arrangement position of an extraction liquid outlet 22, the extraction liquid obtained by countercurrent extraction is filtered and precipitated, and the precipitated extraction liquid is extracted through the extraction liquid outlet 22; the first steam conduit 14 is wound on the inner side wall of the extraction tank 1 and is connected with the steam furnace 10, and the steam furnace 10 is used for heating the interior of the extraction tank 1, so that the temperature in the extraction tank 1 is ensured to be between 95 and 120 ℃ in the process of countercurrent extraction; the material lowering plate 12 is obliquely arranged in the extraction tank 1.
Preferably, to ensure the filtering effect, the settling tank 13 includes a frame 131 and a filter screen 132, the filter screen 132 is disposed on the lower bottom surface of the frame 131, and the mesh size of the filter screen 132 is greater than 0.3mm.
Preferably, the stirring assembly 3 is disposed on the upper side of the material dropping plate 12, and includes a driving unit 31, a stirring unit 32 and a connecting unit 33, where the driving unit 31 drives the stirring unit 32 to rotate, so as to stir the crushed material and increase the extraction rate; the stirring unit 32 is arranged in the extraction tank 1 and comprises a stirring rod 321, a stirring blade 322, stirring She 323, a first bearing 324 and a bearing support 325, wherein the stirring rod 321 penetrates through the extraction tank 1, one end of the stirring rod 321 is fixed on the side wall of the extraction tank 1 through the first bearing 324 and the bearing support 325, the other end of the stirring rod 321 is connected with a connecting unit 33 arranged on the side wall of the extraction tank 1, and the stirring rod 321 is driven to rotate through a driving unit 31; the stirring blade seats 323 are fixedly arranged on the stirring rod 321, the stirring blades 322 are equidistantly arranged on the stirring blade seats 323, and in the rotation process of the stirring rod 321, the stirring blades 322 are utilized to stir the crushed products; the driving unit 31 comprises a first driving motor 311, a first gear 312, a first connecting rod 313, a first bevel gear 314, a second bevel gear 315 and a cam 316, wherein the first driving motor 311 is fixedly arranged on the outer side of a bearing support 325, the power output end of the first driving motor is connected with the first gear 312, the first gear 312 is meshed with a second gear 326 sleeved at the tail end of a stirring rod 321, the stirring rod 321 is driven to rotate by the first gear 312, and crushed products are stirred by stirring blades 322; the driving shaft of the first driving motor 311 also passes through the first gear 312 to be connected with the first bevel gear 314 to drive the first bevel gear 314 to rotate, the first bevel gear 314 is meshed with the second bevel gear 315, the second bevel gear 315 is driven to rotate by the first bevel gear 314, the second bevel gear 315 is fixed by the first connecting rod 313, the lower end of the first connecting rod 313 is provided with a cam 316, the cam 316 is propped against the outer end of the second gear 326, namely, when in use, the first connecting rod 313 is driven to rotate by the second bevel gear 315, the cam 316 is driven to rotate by the first connecting rod 313, and the cam 316 is propped against the stirring rod 321 to move left and right; the connecting unit 33 comprises a sleeve 331, a fixed support 332, a fastener 333 and a spring 334, wherein the fixed support 332 is arranged on the inner side of the extraction tank 1 and is in threaded connection with the fastener 333, the fixed support 332 is rotationally connected to the side wall of the extraction tank 1, the sleeve 331 is arranged on the inner side of the fixed support 332, the spring 334 is arranged in the sleeve 331, the tail end of the stirring rod 321 is connected with the sleeve 331 and is tightly propped against the spring 334, the stirring rod 321 is reset left and right by the spring 334, namely, the stirring rod 321 is matched with the cam 316 in use, and the stirring rod 321 is started to move left and right while rotating to perform pushing operation, so that the countercurrent extraction effect is ensured.
Preferably, the slag discharging assembly 4 is arranged at the lower end of the extraction tank 1, and conveys the extracted broken product residues out of the extraction tank 1 from top to bottom, the slag discharging assembly 4 comprises a second slag discharging motor 41 and a spiral pushing rod 42, the second slag discharging motor 41 is fixed at the tail end of a slag discharging barrel 15 at the lower end of the extraction tank 1, the spiral pushing rod 42 is connected with the second slag discharging motor 41 through a key shaft, namely, the second slag discharging motor 41 drives the spiral pushing rod 42 to rotate, and the broken product residues are conveyed out of the extraction tank 1 in a rotary cutting mode along the slag discharging barrel 15; and in order to ensure the transportation effect of the spiral pushing rod 42, water is prevented from flowing out along the slag discharging barrel 15, the outer edge of the spiral grain 421 arranged on the spiral pushing rod 42 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the slag discharging barrel 15, and the sealing effect can be achieved.
Preferably, the concentration crystallization mechanism comprises a crystallization tank 7 and an agitating assembly 8 arranged in the crystallization tank 7, the crystallization tank 7 comprises a crystallization tank cover 71 and a crystallization tank body 72 which are matched with each other, the crystallization tank cover 71 is provided with a solution inlet 711 and a pressure relief opening 712, the solution inlet 711 is connected with a pipeline 5, the extracted extracting solution is injected into the crystallization tank body 72 from the solution inlet 711, and the pressure relief opening 712 is used for controlling the air pressure in the crystallization tank body 72 so as to prevent the air pressure in the tank from being too high and explosion in the concentration crystallization process; the crystallization tank 72 comprises an outer tank 721 and an inner tank 722, a heating cavity 723 for hot gas circulation is arranged between the outer tank 721 and the inner tank 722, a steam inlet 725 and a steam outlet 726 which are communicated with the heating cavity 723 are arranged on the outer tank 721, the steam inlet 725 is connected with the steam furnace 10 through a gas pipe, and hot gas and heat required by concentration crystallization are provided by the steam furnace 10; the side wall of the inner tank 722 is also provided with a plurality of air ducts 724, the air ducts 724 are communicated with a heating cavity 723, hot air is led into the inner tank 722, the lower end of the inner tank 722 is provided with a crystallization pot 728 and an arc scraping plate 729, the crystallization pot 728 is fixedly arranged on the inner tank 722 through a plurality of fixing rods 7281, and the extracting solution entering the inner tank 722 through a solution inlet 711 is collected and concentrated and crystallized at high temperature to obtain naringin crystals (naringin crystals volatilize in air and are adhered on the inner wall of the inner tank 722); the arc scraping plate 729 is arranged below the crystallization pot 728, a scraper 7291 is arranged on the arc scraping plate 729 and is in contact with the inner wall of the inner tank 722, when the arc scraping plate 729 rotates, the scraper 7291 scrapes down naringin crystals stuck on the inner wall of the inner tank 722, and flows out along a discharge hole 727 arranged on the lower side of the arc scraping plate 729 and flows into a dehydration drying mechanism for dehydration drying;
the stirring assembly 8 comprises a third stirring motor 81, a second driving rod 82, a stirring rod 83 and a connecting sleeve 84, wherein the third stirring motor 81 is arranged on the crystallization tank cover 71, the stirring rod 83 penetrates through the crystallization tank cover 71 and is connected with the third stirring motor 81, the stirring rod 83 is arranged at the lower end of the second driving rod 82, the second driving rod 82 is driven to rotate by the third stirring motor 81, the stirring rod 83 is driven to rotate by the second driving rod 82, and the extracting solution in the crystallization tank 728 is stirred to accelerate the speed of concentration crystallization; and the second driving rod 82 passes through the crystallization pot 728 and is connected with the arc scraping plate 729 through the connecting sleeve 84, the arc scraping plate 729 is driven to rotate by the third stirring motor 81, naringin crystals adhered on the inner wall of the inner tank 722 are scraped by the scraper 7291, and flow out along the discharge hole 727 arranged on the lower side of the arc scraping plate 729, and flow into the dewatering and drying mechanism for dewatering and drying.
Preferably, the dehydration drying mechanism is a dehydration tank 9, a movable cover 91, an air vent 92, a dry pot 93 and a pot seat 94 are arranged on the dehydration tank 9, the movable cover 91 is arranged at the front end of the dehydration tank 9, is convenient to open and take out and put in the dry pot 93, the air vent 92 is arranged at the top end of the dehydration tank 9, is convenient to release water vapor during heating, the dry pot 93 is arranged on the pot seat 94, naringin crystals falling from a discharge hole 727 are received, the pot seat 94 is arranged in an inner cavity of the dehydration tank 9, and a heating wire 941 is arranged in the pot seat 94 to heat the dry pot 93, so that the water vapor is removed, and a naringin finished product is obtained.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A method for extracting naringin from shaddock peel by a countercurrent hot water method is characterized in that:
step one: cleaning and slicing, namely cleaning and slicing the picked fresh grapefruits to obtain cut products;
step two: drying and crushing, namely drying the cut product at the temperature of not more than 120 ℃, crushing and sieving by using a crusher when the moisture is not more than 10%, so as to obtain a crushed product, wherein the particle size of the crushed product is not more than 3mm;
step three: countercurrent extraction, namely extracting the crushed product by using a countercurrent hot water method, controlling the extraction temperature between 95 and 120 ℃ and extracting for 1.5 to 3 hours to obtain an extracting solution;
step four: concentrating and crystallizing, concentrating and crystallizing the extracting solution to separate out naringin crystals;
step five: dehydrating and drying, namely dehydrating and drying the separated naringin crystals until the water content of the naringin crystals is less than 5%, obtaining a naringin finished product, crushing and grinding, and storing;
in the third step to the fifth step, the extraction equipment is a naringin extraction device;
the naringin extraction device comprises a countercurrent extraction mechanism, a concentration crystallization mechanism, a dehydration drying mechanism and a steam furnace (10), wherein the steam furnace (10) is a double-furnace steam furnace, the countercurrent extraction mechanism and the concentration crystallization mechanism are respectively connected with the steam furnace (10), the countercurrent extraction mechanism is connected with the concentration crystallization mechanism through a pipeline (5), a liquid extraction pump (6) is arranged on the pipeline (5), and the dehydration drying mechanism is arranged at the lower side of the concentration crystallization mechanism and is used for dehydrating naringin crystals;
the countercurrent extraction mechanism comprises an extraction tank (1), and a stirring assembly (3) and a slag discharging assembly (4) which are arranged in the extraction tank (1), wherein the extraction tank (1) is a non-cover reaction tank, an extraction tank cover (2) is arranged on the extraction tank (1), a feed inlet (21) and an extraction liquid outlet (22) are arranged on the extraction tank cover (2), and the extraction liquid outlet (22) is connected with one end of a pipeline (5); the extraction tank (1) is provided with a hot water inlet (11), a material dropping plate (12), a precipitation tank (13) and a first steam conduit (14), the hot water inlet (11) is arranged on the lower side wall of the extraction tank (1), the precipitation tank (13) is arranged at the upper end of the inner side of the extraction tank (1) and corresponds to the arrangement position of an extraction liquid outlet (22), and the first steam conduit (14) is wound on the inner side wall of the extraction tank (1) and is connected with the steam furnace (10); the sedimentation tank (13) comprises a frame body (131) and a filter screen (132), and the filter screen (132) is arranged on the lower bottom surface of the frame body (131);
the stirring assembly (3) is arranged on the upper side of the material dropping plate (12) and comprises a driving unit (31), a stirring unit (32) and a connecting unit (33), wherein the driving unit (31) drives the stirring unit (32) to rotate; the stirring unit (32) is arranged in the extraction tank (1) and comprises a stirring rod (321), stirring blades (322), a stirring blade seat (323), a first bearing (324) and a bearing support (325), wherein the stirring rod (321) penetrates through the extraction tank (1), one end of the stirring rod (321) is fixed on the side wall of the extraction tank (1) through the first bearing (324) and the bearing support (325), and the other end of the stirring rod is connected with a connecting unit (33) arranged on the side wall of the extraction tank (1); the stirring blade seats (323) are fixedly arranged on the stirring rod (321), and the stirring blades (322) are equidistantly arranged on the stirring blade seats (323);
the driving unit (31) comprises a first driving motor (311), a first gear (312), a first connecting rod (313), a first bevel gear (314), a second bevel gear (315) and a cam (316), wherein the first driving motor (311) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of a bearing support (325), the power output end of the first driving motor is connected with the first gear (312), the first gear (312) is meshed with a second gear (326) sleeved at the tail end of a stirring rod (321), the driving shaft of the first driving motor (311) also penetrates through the first gear (312) to be connected with the first bevel gear (314), the first bevel gear (314) is meshed with the second bevel gear (315), the second bevel gear (315) is fixed through the first connecting rod (313), the cam (316) is arranged at the lower end of the first connecting rod (313), and the cam (316) is pressed on the outer end of the second gear (326); the connecting unit (33) comprises a sleeve (331), a fixed support (332), a fastener (333) and a spring (334), wherein the fixed support (332) is arranged on the inner side of the extraction tank (1) and is in threaded connection with the fastener (333), the fixed support (332) is fixed on the side wall of the extraction tank (1), the sleeve (331) is arranged on the inner side of the fixed support (332), the spring (334) is arranged in the sleeve (331), and the tail end of the stirring rod (321) is connected with the sleeve (331) and is mutually propped against the spring (334);
the slag discharging assembly (4) is arranged at the lower end of the extraction tank (1) and comprises a second slag discharging motor (41) and a spiral pushing rod (42), the second slag discharging motor (41) is fixed at the tail end of a slag discharging barrel (15) at the lower end of the extraction tank (1), the spiral pushing rod (42) is connected with the second slag discharging motor (41) through a key shaft, and the outer edge of a spiral line (421) arranged on the spiral pushing rod (42) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the slag discharging barrel (15);
the concentrating crystallization mechanism comprises a crystallization tank (7) and an agitating assembly (8) arranged in the crystallization tank (7), wherein the crystallization tank (7) comprises a crystallization tank cover (71) and a crystallization tank body (72) which are mutually matched for use, a solution inlet (711) and a pressure relief opening (712) are formed in the crystallization tank cover (71), and the solution inlet (711) is connected with a pipeline (5); the crystallization tank body (72) comprises an outer tank body (721) and an inner tank body (722), a heating cavity (723) is arranged between the outer tank body (721) and the inner tank body (722), a steam inlet (725) and a steam outlet (726) which are communicated with the heating cavity (723) are arranged on the outer tank body (721), and the steam inlet (725) is connected with the steam furnace (10) through an air pipe; a plurality of air ducts (724) are further arranged on the side wall of the inner tank body (722), the air ducts (724) are communicated with the heating cavity (723), a crystallization pot (728) and an arc scraping plate (729) are arranged at the lower end of the inner tank body (722), the crystallization pot (728) is fixedly arranged on the inner tank body (722) through a plurality of fixing rods (7281), the arc scraping plate (729) is arranged below the crystallization pot (728), and a scraper (7291) is arranged on the arc scraping plate (729) and is in contact with the inner wall of the inner tank body (722); the stirring assembly (8) comprises a third stirring motor (81), a second driving rod (82), a stirring rod (83) and a connecting sleeve (84), wherein the third stirring motor (81) is arranged on the crystallization tank cover (71), the stirring rod (83) penetrates through the crystallization tank cover (71) to be connected with the third stirring motor (81), the stirring rod (83) is arranged at the lower end of the second driving rod (82) to be matched with the crystallization pot (728) for use, the second driving rod (82) penetrates through the crystallization pot (728) to be connected with the arc scraping plate (729) through the connecting sleeve (84), and a discharging hole (727) is formed in the lower side of the arc scraping plate (729);
the dehydration drying mechanism is a dehydration tank (9), a movable cover (91), an air vent (92), a dry pot (93) and a pot seat (94) are arranged on the dehydration tank (9), the movable cover (91) is arranged at the front end of the dehydration tank (9), the air vent (92) is arranged at the top end of the dehydration tank (9), the dry pot (93) is movably arranged on the pot seat (94), the pot seat (94) is erected in an inner cavity of the dehydration tank (9), and a heating wire (941) is wound in the pot seat (94) to heat the dry pot (93);
in the step of cleaning and slicing, the grapefruit is cut into grapefruit slices with the thickness of not more than 0.3mm by using a slicer.
2. The method for extracting naringin from the pomelo peel by the countercurrent hot water method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the countercurrent extraction step, the ratio of hot water to crushed product should be not less than 10:1.
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| CN111635444A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-08 | 广东李金柚农业科技有限公司 | Method for extracting naringin from plants by counter-current hot water method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111635444A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-08 | 广东李金柚农业科技有限公司 | Method for extracting naringin from plants by counter-current hot water method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王沛 主编.现代常用提取技术与设备.《药物制剂设备》.2016,第50-53页. * |
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