CN112935781B - Automatic stretcher with self-adaptive structure - Google Patents
Automatic stretcher with self-adaptive structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112935781B CN112935781B CN202110205735.8A CN202110205735A CN112935781B CN 112935781 B CN112935781 B CN 112935781B CN 202110205735 A CN202110205735 A CN 202110205735A CN 112935781 B CN112935781 B CN 112935781B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
- B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
- B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
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Abstract
The application discloses an automatic stretcher with a self-adaptive structure, which comprises a stretcher supporting assembly, a stretching cylinder, a pull rod assembly, a stretching cylinder rear end assembly, a pull rod driving assembly and a stretcher connecting assembly, wherein the stretcher supporting assembly, the stretching cylinder and the pull rod assembly, the stretching cylinder rear end assembly, the pull rod driving assembly and the stretcher connecting assembly are sequentially connected from front to back; the stretcher supporting assembly is used for supporting the bolt during stretching, sleeving the nut, locking the nut after stretching and realizing the adjustment of the front end of the pull rod in the radial direction; the stretching cylinder and the pull rod assembly are used for realizing the pressurizing and stretching of the bolt; the rear end component of the stretching cylinder is used for resetting after stretching; the pull rod driving assembly is used for realizing the screwing-in and screwing-out of the pull rod in the axial direction and realizing the adjustment of the rear end of the pull rod in the radial direction; the stretcher connecting assembly is used for resetting the pull rod and detecting whether the pull rod is screwed in or out in place. The device inner structure of this application not only has axial displacement and reset function, still has radial adjustment function simultaneously, consequently can the full automatic various demands when fastening of perfect adaptation bolt.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of bolt assembly, in particular to an automatic stretcher with a self-adaptive structure.
Background
At present, large equipment is mainly assembled in a welding or bolt connection mode, and large equipment adopting the bolt connection mode mostly adopts manpower to fasten bolts. Because large-scale equipment connecting bolts are large in quantity, and the bolts are required to be stretched and fastened for multiple times in multiple stages according to process requirements, the workload of workers is very large, the efficiency is low, and if a hydraulic stretcher leaks oil or an oil pipe leaks in the fastening process, the personal safety of the workers can be injured.
At present, there are a few prior arts related to an automatic stretcher, for example, patent application with publication number CN109128792A, publication date 2019, 01, 04, invented name "bolt stretching device based on robot", and its specific technical solution is: the invention relates to a bolt stretching device based on a robot, which comprises a mechanical arm, a bolt stretching unit, a connecting flange, a positioning unit and the like, wherein the bolt stretching device is combined with the robot through the robot, the positioning unit is used for automatically positioning, and the bolt position is identified by adopting an industrial vision camera and a laser ranging mode.
Although the above prior art provides a bolt stretching device, the precision and automation level of bolt stretching and assembling are improved to a certain extent, the internal structure of the bolt stretching unit in the above device does not have a full-automatic adaptation function, and therefore the requirement in full-automatic fastening of bolts cannot be met.
For another example, in the prior art, the publication No. CN211614846U, publication No. 2020, 10 and 02, invented under the name of "a full-automatic hydraulic stretcher", has a specific technical solution: the utility model discloses a full-automatic hydraulic stretcher, which comprises a support, the support right flank is provided with proximity sensor, the support left side is connected with nut drive reduction gear, nut drive reduction gear top is connected with servo motor reduction gear II, II bottoms of servo motor reduction gear extend to the right one end setting in the support top, II bottoms of servo motor reduction gear extend to the right one end top is provided with the pneumatic cylinder, be provided with hydraulic interface on the pneumatic cylinder, the pneumatic cylinder top is provided with the pneumatic cylinder flange, pneumatic cylinder flange top is provided with pull rod drive reduction gear, pull rod drive reduction gear the pneumatic cylinder flange the pneumatic cylinder all cup joints at the pull rod surface, pull rod drive reduction gear right side below still is connected with servo motor reduction gear I.
In the automatic fastening process, the stretcher and the bolt to be fastened have different axial conditions, and the prior art only has the axial movement and the reset function of the pull rod and does not have the radial adjusting function, so that the stretcher still does not have the self-adaptive function and cannot meet the requirements in full-automatic fastening.
Disclosure of Invention
To the problem and the defect that exist among the above-mentioned prior art, this application provides an automatic stretching ware with adaptive structure, and the structure of device inside not only has axial displacement and reset function, still has radial adjustment function simultaneously, various demands when can the full-automatic fastening of perfect adaptation bolt.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:
an automatic stretcher with a self-adaptive structure comprises a stretcher supporting assembly, a stretching cylinder, a pull rod assembly, a stretching cylinder rear end assembly, a pull rod driving assembly and a stretcher connecting assembly which are sequentially connected from front to back; the stretcher supporting assembly is used for supporting the bolt during stretching, sleeving the nut, locking the nut after stretching and realizing the adjustment of the front end of the pull rod in the radial direction; the stretching cylinder and the pull rod assembly are used for realizing the pressurizing and stretching of the bolt; the rear end component of the stretching cylinder is used for resetting after stretching; the pull rod driving assembly is used for realizing the screwing-in and screwing-out of the pull rod in the axial direction and realizing the adjustment of the rear end of the pull rod in the radial direction; the stretcher connecting assembly is used for resetting the pull rod and detecting whether the pull rod is screwed in or out in place.
Preferably, the stretcher support assembly comprises a support front end cushion block, a shifting ring gasket, a shifting ring spring, a support bridge, a front end floating spring seat, a front end floating spring, a front end floating ring, a shifting nut driving connecting piece, a shifting nut motor, a shifting nut speed reducer, a driving connecting shaft, a driving supporting piece, a first driving gear, a second driving gear and a front end sensor, wherein the rear end of the support front end cushion block is connected with the front end of the support bridge, the rear end of the support bridge is connected with the front end of the shifting nut driving connecting piece, the shifting ring gasket and the shifting ring spring are sequentially arranged in a front end cavity of the support bridge from front to back, one side of the shifting ring gasket is in contact with the shifting ring, the other side of the shifting ring spring is in contact with a boss in the support bridge cavity, the front end floating spring seat, the front end floating spring and the front end floating ring are arranged in a rear end cavity of the support bridge, front end floating spring seat and front end floating spring multiunit symmetry set up, and front end floating spring is located between front end floating spring seat and the front end floating ring, and one end is connected with the cylinder boss that the front end floating spring seat was last, and the other end is connected with the cylinder boss in the front end floating ring outside, dial nut driving connection's one end and install dial nut reduction gear, dial nut motor with dial nut retarder connection, drive support piece sets up on the supporting bridge, and first drive gear and second drive gear set up in drive support piece, and first drive gear passes through the drive connecting axle and dial nut reduction gear is connected, and second drive gear's both sides mesh with first drive gear and dial ring respectively, front end sensor sets up on supporting the front end cushion.
Preferably, the stretching cylinder and the pull rod assembly comprises a pull rod, a first cylinder part, a second cylinder part, a spherical cushion block, a cylinder clamp spring, a spherical nut, a third cylinder part and a sealing element, the front end of the first cylinder part is connected with the rear end of the drive connecting element of the dial nut, the second cylinder part is arranged in the first cylinder part and is connected with the first cylinder part through threads, the third cylinder part is arranged in the second cylinder part and forms a hydraulic chamber with the inner side wall of the second cylinder part through the sealing element, the spherical cushion block and the pull rod are both arranged in the third cylinder part, the front end of the pull rod sequentially penetrates through the three cylinder parts and extends into the supporting bridge, the rear end of the pull rod penetrates through the stretching cylinder rear end assembly and the pull rod drive assembly and extends into the stretcher connecting assembly, the front end of the pull rod is provided with internal threads, and the rear end of the pull rod is provided with a through kidney-shaped slotted hole, the spherical nut is arranged on the pull rod and is positioned in the third oil cylinder part, the cambered surface of the spherical nut is in contact with the cambered surface of the spherical cushion block, the spherical nut can slide in the third oil cylinder part in the radial direction, and the oil cylinder clamp spring is arranged in the first oil cylinder part and is in contact with the rear end of the second oil cylinder part.
Preferably, tensile jar rear end subassembly includes tensile jar end cover, jump ring for the hole, dish spring packing ring and dish spring, the front end of tensile jar end cover is connected with the rear end of first hydro-cylinder part, and jump ring, dish spring packing ring and dish spring set gradually in the cavity of tensile jar end cover from the past backward for the hole, and the dish spring of foremost contacts with dish spring packing ring, and the other end of dish spring packing ring contacts with the rear end of third hydro-cylinder part, and the rear end of pull rod passes tensile jar end cover and pull rod drive assembly extend to in the stretcher coupling assembling.
Preferably, the pull rod driving assembly comprises a rear end floating spring seat, a rear end floating spring, a rear end floating ring, a driving rear cover, a driving base, a pull rod driving motor side gear, a pull rod driving motor middle gear, a pull rod driving gear end cover, a pull rod driving pin shaft, a pull rod driving motor, a pull rod driving reducer and a reducer cushion block, wherein the front end of the driving base is connected with the rear end of the stretching cylinder end cover, the rear end of the driving base is connected with the front end of the driving rear cover, the reducer cushion block is arranged between the pull rod driving reducer and the driving base, the pull rod driving reducer is fixed on the driving base, the pull rod driving motor is connected with the pull rod driving reducer, the pull rod driving motor side gear, the pull rod driving motor middle gear and the pull rod driving gear are arranged in the driving base and are sequentially meshed, and the pull rod driving motor side gear is connected with the pull rod driving reducer, a groove is arranged on the pull rod driving gear, a pull rod driving pin shaft is arranged in the groove, the pull rod driving gear end cover is fixed in the driving rear cover and is positioned at the front end of the pull rod driving gear, the rear end floating spring seat, the rear end floating spring and the rear end floating ring are arranged in the driving base and are positioned at the rear end of the pull rod driving gear, a plurality of groups of the rear end floating spring seat and the rear end floating spring are symmetrically arranged in the driving base, the rear end floating spring is positioned between the rear end floating spring seat and the rear end floating ring, one end of the rear end floating spring seat is connected with the cylindrical boss on the rear end floating spring seat, the other end of the rear end floating spring seat is connected with the cylindrical boss on the outer side of the rear end floating ring, the rear end of the pull rod sequentially penetrates through the driving base, the pull rod driving gear and the pull rod driving gear end cover and extends into the stretcher connecting assembly, and the pull rod driving pin shaft penetrates through the waist-shaped groove hole in the rear end of the pull rod.
Preferably, stretcher coupling assembling is including connecting base member, flange, spring on the top piece, spring, sensor support, the sensor that targets in place of screwing out, top piece under the sensor that targets in place, sensor trigger piece and the spring, the front end of connecting the base member is connected with the rear end of drive back lid, and flange sets up the rear end at the connection base member, top piece and spring set up respectively in the connecting base member on the spring, and the spring is located between two top pieces and contact with two top pieces respectively, sensor trigger piece sets up under the spring on the top piece, the sensor support sets up in the one side of connecting the base member, and the sensor that targets in place of screwing out and the sensor that targets in place set up on the sensor support, the rear end tip of pull rod and the spring under the top piece contact.
Preferably, the middle part of the pull rod is provided with an external thread and a pin hole, a threaded hole is formed in the spherical nut, the spherical nut is in threaded connection with the pull rod, the rear end of the spherical nut is provided with a threaded pin hole, a cylindrical threaded pin is arranged in the threaded pin hole, and the other end of the cylindrical threaded pin extends into the pin hole in the middle part of the pull rod.
Preferably, the pull rod driving assembly further comprises a first needle bearing and a second needle bearing, the two needle bearings are arranged on the driving rear cover, one end of a side gear of the pull rod driving motor is sleeved in the first needle bearing, the other end of the side gear of the pull rod driving motor is connected with the pull rod driving reducer, and one end of the pull rod driving gear is sleeved in the second needle bearing.
The beneficial effect of this application:
(1) this application adopts front and back end floating structure to support the pull rod, can satisfy the stretcher and wait the tensile fastening of self-adaptation of the tensile screw rod disalignment condition with the fastening.
(2) In this application, front end floating structure adopts multiunit front end spring holder, a plurality of front end floating spring cooperation front end floating ring's a plurality of bosss, can realize multi-direction multi-angle self-adaptation.
(3) In this application, rear end floating structure adopts multiunit rear end spring holder, a plurality of rear end floating spring cooperation rear end floating ring's a plurality of bosss, and cylinder and both sides slope stack circular arc transition in the middle of the rear end floating ring, the pull rod beat of adaptable multi-direction multi-angle accomplishes the stable screw in of pull rod and unscrews.
(4) In this application, pull rod and spherical nut threaded connection can guarantee tensile, and spherical nut realizes the location with the pull rod again through cylinder threaded pin, and the pull rod is when rotatory drive spherical nut synchronous rotation, and spherical nut can not followed the pull rod by the unscrewing, and further, spherical nut and the cooperation of spherical cushion, spherical cushion external diameter is less than the hydro-cylinder internal diameter, can be in the hydro-cylinder radial movement, consequently can realize the tensile fastening of pull rod under the incomplete coaxial condition with the screw rod.
(5) In this application, the rear end design of pull rod has the waist type slotted hole that runs through, and pull rod driving pin axle runs through the setting and is in waist type slotted hole is realized being connected with the pull rod through above-mentioned waist type slotted hole, and when pull rod driving pin axle accessible waist type slotted hole driving pull rod was rotatory to the pull rod screw in is unscrewed and is treated tensile screw rod, does not influence the pull rod screw in simultaneously and unscrews and the pull rod adapts to the condition of stretcher and screw rod disalignment.
(6) In this application, two regions around the supporting bridge design is around, and the compression atress of dialling the circle spring does not influence the independent condition that adapts to pull rod and screw rod disalignment of front end floating ring.
Drawings
The foregoing and following detailed description of the present application will become more apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working state of the stretcher;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the stretcher;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the stretcher support assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the stretcher support assembly;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the tensioner support assembly;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the stretching cylinder and drawbar assembly;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the stretching cylinder and the pulling rod assembly;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the rear end assembly of the stretching cylinder;
FIG. 9 is another perspective view of the rear end assembly of the tensioning cylinder;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the drawbar drive assembly;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the drawbar driving assembly;
FIG. 12 is a side view of the drawbar drive assembly;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a tensioner connection assembly;
fig. 14 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the tensioner connecting assembly.
In the figure:
1. fastening the connecting part base body; 2. a connection part to be fastened; 3. a gasket; 4. a nut; 5. a stud; 6. an automatic stretcher; 7. a cylindrical threaded pin; 61. a stretcher supporting assembly; 62. a stretching cylinder and a pull rod assembly; 63. a tension cylinder rear end assembly; 64. a drawbar drive assembly; 65. a stretcher connection assembly; 611. supporting a front end cushion block; 612. ring shifting; 613. a dial ring gasket; 614. a toggle spring; 615. a support bridge; 616. a front end floating spring seat; 617. a front end floating spring; 618. a front end floating ring; 619. the shifting nut drives the connecting piece; 6110. a nut pulling motor; 6111. a nut shifting speed reducer; 6112. a drive connection shaft; 6113. a drive support; 6114. a first drive gear; 6115. a second drive gear; 6116. a front end sensor; 621. a pull rod; 622. a first cylinder part; 623. a second cylinder part; 624. a spherical cushion block; 625. a cylinder clamp spring; 626. a ball nut; 627. a third cylinder part; 628. a seal member; 629. a kidney-shaped slot; 631. stretching the cylinder end cover; 632. a clamp spring for the hole; 633. a disc spring washer; 634. a disc spring; 641. a rear end floating spring seat; 642. a rear end floating spring; 643. a rear end floating ring; 644. driving the rear cover; 645. a drive base; 646. the pull rod drives a motor side gear; 647. the pull rod drives a middle gear of the motor; 648. a pull rod drive gear; 649. the pull rod drives the gear end cover; 6410. the pull rod drives the pin shaft; 6411. the pull rod drives the motor; 6412. the pull rod drives the speed reducer; 6413. a cushion block of the speed reducer; 6414. a first needle bearing; 6415. a second needle bearing; 651. connecting the substrates; 652. a connecting flange; 653. a spring upper ejection member; 654. a spring; 655. a sensor holder; 656. a screw-out-in-place sensor; 657. a precession in-position sensor; 658. a sensor trigger; 659. a spring lower top member.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions for achieving the objects of the present invention are further described below by using several specific examples, and it should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present application include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2 of the drawings, this embodiment discloses an automatic tensioner with adaptive structure, which includes a tensioner support assembly 61, a tensioning cylinder and drawbar assembly 62, a tensioning cylinder rear end assembly 63, a drawbar drive assembly 64 and a tensioner connection assembly 65, all of which are connected in sequence from front to rear, the tensioner support assembly 61 is located at the foremost end of the apparatus, and the tensioner connection assembly 65 is located at the rearmost end, i.e., the rear end of the tensioner support assembly 61 is connected to the front end of the tensioning cylinder and drawbar assembly 62, the rear end of the tensioning cylinder and drawbar assembly 62 is connected to the front end of the tensioning cylinder rear end assembly 63, the rear end of the tensioning cylinder rear end assembly 63 is connected to the front end of the drawbar drive assembly 64, and the rear end of the drawbar drive assembly 64 is connected to the front end of the tensioner connection assembly 65; wherein:
the stretcher support assembly 61 is used for supporting the bolt during stretching, sleeving the nut 4, locking the nut 4 after stretching and realizing the adjustment of the front end of the pull rod 621 in the radial direction;
the stretching cylinder and pull rod assembly 62 is used for realizing the pressurizing and stretching of the bolt;
the rear end component 63 of the stretching cylinder is used for realizing reset after stretching;
the pull rod driving assembly 64 is used for realizing the screwing-in and unscrewing of the pull rod 621 in the axial direction and realizing the adjustment of the rear end of the pull rod 621 in the radial direction;
the stretcher connecting assembly 65 is used for resetting the pull rod 621 and detecting whether the pull rod 621 is screwed in or out in place.
In this embodiment, the structure of the interior of the stretcher device not only has the axial movement and the reset function, but also has the radial adjustment function, and can perfectly adapt to various requirements of the bolt during full-automatic fastening, especially when the bolt and the pull rod are not coaxial.
Example 2
The present embodiment discloses an automatic tensioner with adaptive structure, and further discloses and defines the specific structure of five components of the tensioner support assembly 61, the tensioning cylinder and tie rod assembly 62, the tensioning cylinder rear end assembly 63, the tie rod driving assembly 64 and the tensioner connecting assembly 65 based on embodiment 1.
Referring to fig. 3-5 of the specification, the stretcher supporting assembly 61 mainly includes a supporting front end pad 611, a dial ring 612, a dial ring washer 613, a dial ring spring 614, a supporting bridge 615, a front end floating spring seat 616, a front end floating spring 617, a front end floating ring 618, a dial nut driving connector 619, a dial nut motor 6110, a dial nut reducer 6111, a driving connecting shaft 6112, a driving supporting member 6113, a first driving gear 6114, a second driving gear 6115 and a front end sensor 6116; a front end sensor 6116 is mounted on the supporting front end cushion block 611, the rear end of the supporting front end cushion block 611 and the front end of the supporting bridge 615 are positioned through a seam allowance and are finally locked and fixed through a bolt, the front end of the poking nut driving connecting piece 619 is connected with the rear end of the supporting bridge 615 through a seam allowance and a dowel, the supporting front end cushion block 611 and the supporting bridge 615 are both shell structures with hollow cavities in openings at two ends, one end of the poking nut driving connecting piece 619 is also provided with a shell structure with hollow cavities in openings at two ends, the openings of the poking nut driving connecting piece 619 are coaxial, and the cavities of the three are communicated; a circle of boss structures are arranged in the cavity of the support bridge 615 along the circumferential direction, the boss partitions the interior of the support bridge 615 back and forth and is divided into a front end cavity and a rear end cavity, the dial ring 612, the dial ring washer 613 and the dial ring spring 614 are sequentially arranged in the front end cavity of the support bridge 615 from front to back, the dial ring washer 613 is positioned between the dial ring 612 and the dial ring spring 614, wherein one side of the dial ring washer 613 is in contact with the dial ring 612, the other side of the dial ring washer is in contact with the dial ring spring 614, the other end of the dial ring spring 614 is in contact with the boss arranged in the cavity of the support bridge 615, the dial ring 612 rotates and is in sliding friction with the dial ring washer 613, a circle of external teeth is arranged on the outer wall of the dial ring 612 along the circumference, and the inner wall of the dial ring 612 is in a hexagon shape and is used for sleeving a nut; further, the front end floating spring seat 616, the front end floating spring 617 and the front end floating ring 618 are all arranged in a rear end cavity of the supporting bridge 615, multiple groups of the front end floating spring seat 616 and the front end floating spring 617 are symmetrically arranged, the front end floating spring 617 is arranged between the front end floating spring seat 616 and the front end floating ring 618, the front end floating spring seat 616 is designed with a cylindrical boss for fixing one end of the front end floating spring 617, the front end floating ring 618 is a cylindrical surface, the outer side of the front end floating ring 618 is designed with a plurality of small cylindrical bosses for fixing the other end of the front end floating spring 617, and the front end floating spring seat 616 is fixed on the supporting bridge 615 through bolts; further, the other end of the poking nut driving connecting piece 619 is provided with a poking nut reducer 6111, a poking nut motor 6110 is connected with the poking nut reducer 6111, the driving support 6113 is arranged on the supporting bridge 615, the driving support 6113 is composed of a first driving support and a second driving support, after the two supports are connected and closed, an accommodating chamber is formed inside to accommodate the first driving gear 6114 and the second driving gear 6115, the first driving gear 6114 and the second driving gear 6115 are disposed in the chamber and can rotate in the chamber, wherein, the first driving gear 6114 is connected with a driving connecting shaft 6112, the driving connecting shaft is connected with an output shaft of the poking nut reducer 6111 through a driving connecting shaft key, the second driving gear 6115 is fixed in the driving support member 6113 through a rotating shaft of the second driving gear, and both sides thereof are engaged with the external teeth on the outer wall of the first driving gear 6114 and the dial ring 612, respectively.
Referring to fig. 6-7 of the specification, the stretching cylinder and stretching rod assembly 62 mainly includes a stretching rod 621, a first cylinder part 622, a second cylinder part 623, a spherical spacer 624, a cylinder clamp spring 625, a spherical nut 626, a third cylinder part 627 and a sealing member 628, the rear end of the pull nut connector 619 is connected with the front end of the first cylinder part 622 through a matching and positioning manner of seam allowance and keyway, the second cylinder part 623 is arranged in the first cylinder part 622 and is connected with the first cylinder part 622 through a threaded connection manner, an oil guide groove is designed in the first cylinder part 622, and an oil pipe joint threaded hole is designed for being connected with an oil pipe joint for facilitating oil supply of external equipment, the third cylinder part 627 is arranged in the second cylinder part 623, the third cylinder part 627 and the second cylinder part are in micro-gap fit, the third cylinder part 627 and the inner side wall of the second cylinder part 623 form a hydraulic chamber through the sealing member 628, the first cylinder part 622, the second cylinder part 623 and the third cylinder part 627 form a shell structure with two openings at two ends and a hollow cavity inside, the openings are coaxial with the openings of the stretcher support assembly 61, and the cavities are communicated with the cavity of the stretcher support assembly 61; the spherical cushion block 624, the spherical nut 626 and the pull rod 621 are all arranged in a third oil cylinder part 627, the spherical cushion block 624 is arranged on the third oil cylinder part 627, the front end of the pull rod 621 sequentially penetrates through the three oil cylinder parts and extends into a cavity of the support bridge 615, the rear end of the pull rod 621 penetrates through the rear end assembly 63 of the stretching cylinder and the pull rod driving assembly 64 and extends into the stretcher connecting assembly 65, the front end of the pull rod 621 is provided with internal threads for screwing in and screwing out a bolt to stretch the bolt, the rear end of the pull rod 621 is provided with a through waist-shaped slotted hole 629, the middle part of the pull rod 621 is provided with external threads and uniformly provided with a plurality of pin holes, the spherical nut 626 is sleeved at the middle part of the pull rod 621 and connected with the pull rod 621 in a threaded connection manner, the rear end of the spherical nut 626 is uniformly provided with a plurality of threaded pin holes, the cylindrical threaded pin 7 penetrates through the threaded pin hole at the rear end of the spherical nut 626 and extends into the pin hole on the pull rod 621, the spherical nut 626 is positioned with the pull rod 621, so that when the pull rod 621 is prevented from rotating, the spherical nut 626 is loosened, the arc surface of the spherical nut 626 is in contact with the arc surface of the spherical cushion block 624, the diameter of the spherical cushion block 624 is smaller than the inner diameter of the third oil cylinder part 627, so that when the pull rod 621 and the bolt are not coaxial, the spherical nut 626 can slide radially in the third oil cylinder part 627 to adapt to different axial directions of the stretcher and the bolt, and the oil cylinder clamp spring 625 is arranged in the first oil cylinder part 622 and is in contact with the rear end of the second oil cylinder part 623.
Referring to fig. 8-9 of the specification, the rear end assembly 63 of the stretching cylinder mainly includes a stretching cylinder cover 631, a snap spring 632 for hole, a disc spring washer 633 and a disc spring 634, the front end of the stretching cylinder cover 631 is connected to the rear end of the first cylinder part 622 by a positioning manner of fitting a spigot, the stretching cylinder cover 631 is also a shell structure with openings at both ends and a hollow cavity inside, the openings are coaxial with the openings of the stretching cylinder and the pull rod assembly 62, the cavity is communicated with the cavity of the stretching cylinder and the pull rod assembly 62, the snap spring 632 for hole, the disc spring washer 633 and the disc spring 634 are sequentially arranged in the cavity of the stretching cylinder cover 631 from front to back, the plurality of disc springs 634 are arranged, the holes are compactly arranged by the snap spring 632 and the disc spring washer 633, the disc spring 634 at the frontmost end is in contact with the disc spring washer 633, the other end of the disc spring washer 633 is in contact with the rear end of the third cylinder part 627, the rear end of the tension rod 621 passes through the tension cylinder end cap 631 and the tension rod drive assembly 64 and extends into the tensioner connection assembly 65.
Referring to fig. 10-12 of the specification, the drawbar driving assembly 64 includes a rear end floating spring seat 641, a rear end floating spring 642, a rear end floating ring 643, a driving rear cover 644, a driving base 645, a drawbar driving motor side gear 646, a drawbar driving motor middle gear 647, a drawbar driving gear 648, a drawbar driving gear end cover 649, a drawbar driving pin shaft 6410, a drawbar driving motor 6411, a drawbar driving reducer 6412 and a reducer pad 6413, the front end of the driving base 645 is connected with the rear end of the draw cylinder end cover 631 in a manner of a spigot and pin fit, the rear end of the driving base 645 is connected with the front end of the driving rear cover 644 in a manner of a spigot and dowel fit and fixed by bolts, the reducer pad 6413 is disposed between the drawbar driving reducer 6412 and the driving base 645, the drawbar driving reducer 6412 is fixed on the driving base 645 by bolts, the drawbar driving motor 6411 is connected with the drawbar driving reducer 6412, the pull rod driving motor side gear 646, the pull rod driving motor middle gear 647 and the pull rod driving gear 648 are arranged in the driving base 645 and are sequentially meshed, the three are all in a cylindrical external tooth structure, and the pull rod driving motor side gear 646 is connected with the pull rod driving speed reducer 6412; further, a groove is formed in the pull rod driving gear 648, a pull rod driving pin 6410 is arranged in the groove, and a pull rod driving gear end cover 649 is fixed in the driving rear cover 644 and located at the front end of the pull rod driving gear 648 and used for limiting the pull rod driving pin 6410; one side of the driving base 624 is provided with a rear floating spring seat 641, a rear floating spring 642 and a rear floating ring 643, the rear floating spring seat 641 and the rear floating spring 642 are symmetrically arranged in multiple groups, the rear floating spring seat 641 is fixed on the driving base 644 through bolts, the rear floating spring 642 is arranged between the rear floating spring seat 641 and the rear floating ring 643, the rear floating spring seat 641 is provided with a cylindrical boss for fixing one end of the rear floating spring 642, the middle of the rear floating ring 643 is a cylindrical surface, two sides of the rear floating ring 643 are inclined surfaces, a connecting part is in a rounded corner structure, the outer side of the rear floating spring seat 641 is provided with a plurality of small cylindrical bosses for fixing the other end of the rear floating spring 642, the rear floating ring is in a self-floating state, the rear end of the pull rod 621 slides axially in the rear floating ring 643, when the stretcher is not coaxial with the bolts, the pull rod 621 can radially extrude the rear floating ring 643, the rear floating ring 643 in turn compresses the rear floating spring 643 so that the adaptive tensioner is not coaxial with the bolt; further, the pull rod driving gear 648 is hollow inside, the hollow size is larger than the diameter of the rear end of the pull rod 621, the rear end of the pull rod 621 sequentially penetrates through the driving base 645, the pull rod driving gear 648 and the pull rod driving gear end cover 649 and extends into the stretcher connecting assembly 65, the pull rod driving pin 6410 penetrates through the kidney-shaped slot 629 at the rear end of the pull rod 621, the width of the kidney-shaped slot 629 is larger than the diameter of the pull rod driving pin 6410, and when the bolt is not coaxial with the pull rod 621, the pull rod 621 can move or rotate relative to the pull rod driving pin 6410, so that the adaptation of different axes is realized; furthermore, the driving rear cover 644 is also provided with a first needle bearing 6414 and a second needle bearing 6415, one end of the pull rod driving motor side gear 646 is sleeved in the first needle bearing 6414, one end of the pull rod driving gear 648 is sleeved in the second needle bearing 6415, and the rotation of the two gears is smoother.
Referring to fig. 12-14 of the specification, the stretcher connecting assembly 65 includes a connecting base 651, a connecting flange 652, an upper spring ejecting member 653, a spring 654, a sensor holder 655, a screw-out in-place sensor 656, a screw-in-place sensor 657, a sensor trigger 658, and a lower spring ejecting member 659, the front end of the connecting base 651 is connected to the rear end of the driving back cover 644 by a manner of a spigot-and-pin fit positioning, the connecting flange 652 is positioned by a spigot and a pin hole and fixed to the rear end of the connecting base 651 by bolts, the connecting base 651 is a shell structure with hollow cavities inside two open ends, the upper spring ejecting member 653 and the lower spring ejecting member 659 are disposed inside the cavity of the connecting base 651, the upper spring ejecting member 653 is provided with an external thread and is fitted with an internal thread on the connecting base 651, a circle of steps is disposed inside the connecting base 651 along a circumferential direction, the sensor trigger 658 is arranged on the spring lower ejecting element 659, the sensor support 655 is arranged on one side of the connecting base 651, the screw-out in-place sensor 656 and the screw-in-place sensor 657 are arranged on the sensor support 655, the rear end of the pull rod 621 is in contact with the spring lower ejecting element 659, the rear end of the pull rod 621 is spherical and is in point contact with one side of the spring lower ejecting element 659, so that the pull rod 621 can be screwed in and out conveniently, the front and back movement of the spring lower ejecting element 659 is smooth, and the end surface of the spring lower ejecting element 659 is always in contact with the rear end of the pull rod 621 by the elastic force of the spring 654 in the process of screwing in and screwing out the pull rod 621.
In the process of fastening the bolt, the automatic stretcher firstly identifies the position of the positioning stud bolt by other equipment and then drives the stretcher to feed until the front end sensor triggers the rear stretcher to stop feeding, and at the moment, the front end cushion block at the forefront end of the stretcher is about to contact or contacts the connecting part to be fastened.
The nut shifting motor is started to drive the first driving gear and the second driving gear to rotate, the shifting ring is finally driven to rotate, and the nut enters the shifting ring under the action of the shifting ring spring; the head of the double-ended stud is in contact with the front end part of the pull rod and pushes the pull rod backwards, the pull rod drives the spherical nut to slide backwards along the rotating pull rod driving pin shaft, and meanwhile, the lower ejecting piece of the spring is pushed to move backwards and compress the spring.
The pull rod driving motor is started, through transmission, the pull rod driving gear drives the pull rod driving pin shaft to rotate, the pull rod driving pin shaft is arranged in the waist-shaped groove hole of the pull rod, the pull rod driving pin shaft rotates to drive the pull rod and the spherical nut to rotate together, the pull rod is screwed into the stud, the spring lower ejecting piece moves forwards under the action of spring elasticity, the sensor trigger piece triggers the screw-in-place sensor and then stops, and at the moment, the pull rod is screwed in place.
The hydraulic pump station pressurizes the stretching cylinder and the pull rod assembly through the oil pipe, the third oil cylinder part moves backwards to stretch the double-end stud, the double-end stud enters a pressure maintaining state after the double-end stud reaches set pressure, the nut shifting motor starts to work again at the moment, the nut is shifted tightly by the shifting ring, the third oil cylinder part stops after the set torque is reached, the shifting is completed, the pressure is relieved, and the disc spring thrust can push the third oil cylinder part to move towards the front end until the third oil cylinder part resets.
The pull rod driving motor rotates reversely to drive the pull rod to rotate reversely, the pull rod gradually withdraws from the stud, the pull rod simultaneously pushes the spring lower ejection piece to move backwards and compress the spring until the sensor trigger piece triggers the sensor to be screwed out in place, the pull rod is screwed out in place at the moment, and the single bolt is automatically fastened and stretched.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, which are not limited thereto, and any simple modifications and equivalents thereof according to the technical spirit of the present invention may be made within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An automatic stretcher with an adaptive structure is characterized in that: the device comprises a stretcher supporting assembly (61), a stretching cylinder and pull rod assembly (62), a stretching cylinder rear end assembly (63), a pull rod driving assembly (64) and a stretcher connecting assembly (65) which are sequentially connected from front to back; the stretcher supporting assembly (61) is used for supporting a bolt during stretching, sleeving a nut (4), locking the nut (4) after stretching and realizing the adjustment of the front end of the pull rod (621) in the radial direction; the stretching cylinder and pull rod assembly (62) is used for realizing the pressurizing and stretching of the bolt; the rear end component (63) of the stretching cylinder is used for resetting after stretching; the pull rod driving assembly (64) is used for realizing the screwing-in and screwing-out of the pull rod (621) in the axial direction and realizing the adjustment of the rear end of the pull rod (621) in the radial direction; the stretcher connecting assembly (65) is used for resetting the pull rod (621) and detecting whether the pull rod (621) is screwed in or out in place or not;
the stretcher supporting assembly (61) comprises a supporting front end cushion block (611), a shifting ring (612), a shifting ring gasket (613), a shifting ring spring (614), a supporting bridge (615), a front end floating spring seat (616), a front end floating spring (617), a front end floating ring (618), a shifting nut driving connecting piece (619), a shifting nut motor (6110), a shifting nut reducer (6111), a driving connecting shaft (6112), a driving supporting piece (6113), a first driving gear (6114), a second driving gear (6115) and a front end sensor (6116), wherein the rear end of the supporting front end cushion block (611) is connected with the front end of the supporting bridge (615), the rear end of the supporting bridge (619) is connected with the front end of the shifting nut driving connecting piece (619), the shifting ring (612), the shifting ring gasket (613) and the shifting ring spring (614) are sequentially arranged in a front end cavity of the supporting bridge (615) from front to back, one side of a shifting ring gasket (613) is in contact with a shifting ring (612), the other side of the shifting ring gasket is in contact with a shifting ring spring (614), the other end of the shifting ring spring (614) is in contact with a boss in a cavity of a support bridge (615), a front-end floating spring seat (616), a front-end floating spring (617) and a front-end floating ring (618) are arranged in the rear-end cavity of the support bridge (615), a plurality of groups of front-end floating spring seats (616) and front-end floating springs (617) are symmetrically arranged, the front-end floating springs (617) are positioned between the front-end floating spring seat (616) and the front-end floating ring (618), one end of each front-end floating spring seat (616) is connected with the corresponding cylindrical boss, the other end of each front-end floating ring (618) is connected with the corresponding cylindrical boss on the outer side of the corresponding front-end floating ring (618), a shifting nut reducer (6111) is installed at one end of a shifting nut driving connecting piece (619), and a shifting nut motor (6110) is connected with the shifting nut reducer (6111), the driving support piece (6113) is arranged on the supporting bridge (615), the first driving gear (6114) and the second driving gear (6115) are arranged in the driving support piece (6113), the first driving gear (6114) is connected with the shifting nut speed reducer (6111) through the driving connecting shaft (6112), two sides of the second driving gear (6115) are respectively meshed with the first driving gear (6114) and the shifting ring (612), and the front end sensor (6116) is arranged on the supporting front end cushion block (611);
the stretching cylinder and pull rod assembly (62) comprises a pull rod (621), a first cylinder part (622), a second cylinder part (623), a spherical cushion block (624), a cylinder clamp spring (625), a spherical nut (626), a third cylinder part (627) and a sealing element (628), wherein the front end of the first cylinder part (622) is connected with the rear end of a drive connecting piece (619) of the dial nut, the second cylinder part (623) is arranged in the first cylinder part (622) and is connected with the first cylinder part (622) through threads, the third cylinder part (627) is arranged in the second cylinder part (623) and forms a hydraulic chamber with the inner side wall of the second cylinder part (623) through the sealing element (628), the spherical cushion block (624) and the pull rod (621) are both arranged in the third cylinder part (627), and the front end of the pull rod (621) sequentially penetrates through the three cylinder parts and extends into the support bridge (615), the rear end of the pull rod (621) penetrates through the rear end assembly (63) of the stretching cylinder and the pull rod driving assembly (64) and extends into the stretcher connecting assembly (65), the front end of the pull rod (621) is provided with internal threads, the rear end of the pull rod (621) is provided with a through kidney-shaped slotted hole (629), a spherical nut (626) is arranged on the pull rod (621) and is positioned in a third cylinder part (627), the cambered surface of the spherical nut (626) is in contact with the cambered surface of a spherical cushion block (624), the spherical nut (626) can slide radially in the third cylinder part (627), and a cylinder clamp spring (625) is arranged in the first cylinder part (622) and is in contact with the rear end of the second cylinder part (623);
the rear end component (63) of the stretching cylinder comprises a stretching cylinder end cover (631), a hole clamp spring (632), a disc spring gasket (633) and a disc spring (634), wherein the front end of the stretching cylinder end cover (631) is connected with the rear end of a first cylinder part (622), the hole clamp spring (632), the disc spring gasket (633) and the disc spring (634) are sequentially arranged in a cavity of the stretching cylinder end cover (631) from front to back, the disc spring (634) at the foremost end is in contact with the disc spring gasket (633), the other end of the disc spring gasket (633) is in contact with the rear end of a third cylinder part (627), and the rear end of a pull rod (621) penetrates through the stretching cylinder end cover (631) and a pull rod driving component (64) and extends into a stretcher connecting component (65);
the pull rod driving assembly (64) comprises a rear end floating spring seat (641), a rear end floating spring (642), a rear end floating ring (643), a driving rear cover (644), a driving base (645), a pull rod driving motor side gear (646), a pull rod driving motor middle gear (647), a pull rod driving gear (648), a pull rod driving gear end cover (649), a pull rod driving pin shaft (6410), a pull rod driving motor (6411), a pull rod driving reducer (6412) and a reducer cushion block (6413), wherein the front end of the driving base (645) is connected with the rear end of the stretching cylinder end cover (631), the rear end of the driving base (645) is connected with the front end of the driving rear cover (644), the reducer cushion block (6413) is arranged between the driving pull rod reducer (6412) and the driving base (645), the pull rod driving reducer (6412) is fixed on the driving base (645), and the pull rod driving motor (6411) is connected with the pull rod driving reducer (6412), a pull rod driving motor side gear (646), a pull rod driving motor middle gear (647) and a pull rod driving gear (648) are arranged in a driving base (645) and are meshed in sequence, the pull rod driving motor side gear (646) is connected with a pull rod driving reducer (6412), a groove is arranged on the pull rod driving gear (648), a pull rod driving pin shaft (6410) is arranged in the groove, a pull rod driving gear end cover (649) is fixed in a driving rear cover (644) and is positioned at the front end of the pull rod driving gear (648), a rear end floating spring seat (641), a rear end floating spring (642) and a rear end floating ring (643) are arranged in the driving base (645) and are positioned at the rear end of the pull rod driving gear (648), a plurality of groups of the rear end floating spring seat (641) and the rear end floating spring (642) are symmetrically arranged in the driving base (645), and the rear end floating spring (642) is positioned between the rear end floating spring seat (641) and the rear end floating ring (643), one end of the pull rod (621) is connected with the cylindrical boss on the upper floating spring seat (641) and the other end of the pull rod is connected with the cylindrical boss on the outer side of the rear floating ring (643), the rear end of the pull rod (621) sequentially penetrates through the driving base (645), the pull rod driving gear (648) and the pull rod driving gear end cover (649) and extends into the stretcher connecting assembly (65), and the pull rod driving pin shaft (6410) penetrates through the kidney-shaped groove hole (629) in the rear end of the pull rod (621);
the stretcher connecting component (65) comprises a connecting base body (651), a connecting flange (652), an upper spring top piece (653), a spring (654), a sensor support (655), an outward-in-place sensor (656), a inward-screwing in-place sensor (657), a sensor trigger piece (658) and a lower spring top piece (659), wherein the front end of the connecting base body (651) is connected with the rear end of a driving rear cover (644), the connecting flange (652) is arranged at the rear end of the connecting base body (651), the upper spring top piece (653) and the lower spring top piece (659) are respectively arranged in the connecting base body (651), the spring (654) is positioned between the two top pieces and is respectively contacted with the two top pieces, the sensor trigger piece (658) is arranged on the lower spring top piece (659), the sensor support (655) is arranged on one side of the connecting base body (651), the outward-in-place sensor (656) and the inward-in-out-in-place sensor (657) are arranged on the sensor support (655), the rear end of the pull rod (621) is in contact with a lower spring ejector (659).
2. An automatic stretching machine with an adaptive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle part of pull rod (621) is provided with external screw thread and pinhole, is provided with the screw hole on ball nut (626), and ball nut (626) passes through threaded connection with pull rod (621), and the rear end of ball nut (626) is provided with the screw pinhole, is provided with cylindrical screw round pin (7) in the screw pinhole, and the other end of cylindrical screw round pin extends to the pinhole in pull rod (621) middle part.
3. An automatic stretching machine with an adaptive structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pull rod driving assembly (64) further comprises a first needle bearing (6414) and a second needle bearing (6415), the two needle bearings are arranged on the driving rear cover (644), one end of a pull rod driving motor side gear (646) is sleeved in the first needle bearing (6414), the other end of the pull rod driving motor side gear is connected with the pull rod driving reducer (6412), and one end of a pull rod driving gear (648) is sleeved in the second needle bearing (6415).
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| CN202110205735.8A CN112935781B (en) | 2021-02-24 | 2021-02-24 | Automatic stretcher with self-adaptive structure |
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| CN113601156B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏扬子鑫福造船有限公司 | Hydraulic nut locking device for marine propeller |
| CN114833556B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-04-11 | 苏州朗科智能制造有限公司 | Spinning assembly replacer |
| CN114700712B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-12-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Combined joint plugging device with floating support |
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| CN201632994U (en) * | 2010-02-24 | 2010-11-17 | 合肥Abb变压器有限公司 | Bolt tensioning jack for fastening bolts in power transformer production |
| CN205629915U (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-10-12 | 国家电网公司 | Portable hydraulic pressure dolly of tensile bolt dismouting lift of bottom ring |
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| US10794416B2 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2020-10-06 | Tohnichi Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Tensioning device |
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| CN109128792A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-04 | 航天智造（上海）科技有限责任公司 | A kind of bolt tension device based on robot |
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| CN211614846U (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-10-02 | 北京博思伟业机电贸易有限公司 | Full-automatic hydraulic stretcher |
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| CN105798599A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-07-27 | 国家电网公司 | Lifting moving type hydraulic trolley for dismounting and mounting of bolts through bottom ring stretching |
| CN106112503A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-11-16 | 王云花 | A kind of stable equipment support table structure |
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