CN112935471B - Copper/steel composite gradient material part and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Copper/steel composite gradient material part and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112935471B
CN112935471B CN202110258853.5A CN202110258853A CN112935471B CN 112935471 B CN112935471 B CN 112935471B CN 202110258853 A CN202110258853 A CN 202110258853A CN 112935471 B CN112935471 B CN 112935471B
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copper
welding
steel
steel composite
wire
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CN112935471A (en
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张敏
杜明科
张云龙
雷龙宇
苟川东
郝琛
郭钊
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Xian University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/22—Ferrous alloys and copper or alloys thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part, which comprises the following specific operation steps: step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface; step 2: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected; and step 3: and (3) selecting gas metal arc welding to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace. The preparation method solves the problem of molten pool collapse caused by arc blowout in the additive manufacturing process, and improves the quality of the additive part. The copper/steel composite gradient material part is prepared by the preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part.

Description

Copper/steel composite gradient material part and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material manufacturing, particularly relates to a copper/steel composite gradient material part and further provides a preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industrial manufacturing technology, higher requirements are put on the performance of structural members, and the structure of a single material cannot meet the requirements of the advanced field, so the development of the structural members gradually tends to be multifunctional. Copper is widely applied to the fields of electronics, nuclear power, aerospace and the like due to good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and wear resistance. But the price of the nonferrous metal is high, so that the cost control of enterprises is not facilitated. Therefore, the part structure must be optimized, and the usage amount of nonferrous metals is reduced. The copper/steel composite part is often used in industry to replace a single material structure, and the defects in the aspect of enterprise cost control are overcome. On the other hand, the strength of the structural member can be improved, and the performances of the two materials can be fully exerted. At present, the manufacturing of small and complex copper/steel composite parts is mainly additive manufacturing, but the research on additive technology and transition materials is not mature enough, so that the forming effect and the mechanical property of a structural part can not meet the working condition requirements.
Therefore, the invention takes the electric arc additive technology as a basic means, designs reasonable flux-cored wires and transition materials, and optimizes the existing additive path, thereby improving the forming quality and the mechanical property of parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part, which solves the problem of arc blowout and molten pool collapse in the additive manufacturing process and improves the quality of an additive part.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a copper/steel composite gradient material part.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
step 2: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected;
and step 3: and (3) selecting gas metal arc welding to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B.
In the step 2, (1) CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wires with phi of 1.2mm are selected as the welding wires for the steel side; (2) the welding wire for transition adopts a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 68-78% of Ni, 0.5-1% of Mn, 0.8-1.5% of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 6-9% of Ni, 15-18% of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
In the step 3, the additive manufacturing is performed by adopting an additive sequence of steel side-transition layer-copper side, wherein 10-13 layers are deposited on the steel side by using welding wires for the steel side as raw materials, then 1-2 layers of welding wires for the transition layer are used as raw materials, and 10-13 layers are deposited on the copper side by using welding wires for the copper side as raw materials.
In step 3, the additive process parameters are specifically as follows: firstly, steel side: welding current is 180 ~ 215A, and voltage is 20 ~ 25V, and welding wire extension length is 10 ~ 15mm, and welding speed 5 ~ 8mm/s, protective gas are: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The volume percentage sum of the components is 100%, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min; the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 220-260A, the voltage is 23-27V, the extension length of a welding wire is 10-15 mm, the welding speed is 4-6 mm/s, pure argon with the volume fraction of 99.99% is selected as protective gas, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min.
In step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 400-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-50 min.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the copper/steel composite gradient material part is prepared by the preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part provided by the invention can easily realize the preparation of a complex part by using an electric arc material increase mode.
(2) Ni has good affinity for both copper and steel. Therefore, a large amount of Ni elements are introduced into the transition material, so that good metallurgical bonding of a copper/steel composite interface can be realized, and the mechanical property of the additive part is improved.
(3) According to the preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part, disclosed by the invention, an interlayer reciprocating type material increase method is adopted, so that the collapse phenomenon at an arc closing part can be compensated, the height consistency of an arc starting point and an arc extinguishing point is realized as far as possible, the height difference is reduced, and the forming quality of a material increase part is improved.
(4) The preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part provided by the invention is used for carrying out integral heat treatment on the additive part, and is beneficial to preventing the generation of thermal cracks and penetration cracks.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a copper/steel composite gradient material part prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part, which comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B, and its specification is: length × width × thickness is 300 × 200 × 5 (mm);
step 2: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected; in the step 2, (1) CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wires with phi of 1.2mm are selected as the welding wires for the steel side; (2) the welding wire for transition uses a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 68-78% of Ni, 0.5-1% of Mn, 0.8-1.5% of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 6-9% of Ni, 15-18% of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; the transition welding wire and the copper side are manufactured by a wire drawing machine of the welding wire and the flux-cored welding wire.
And 3, step 3: and (3) selecting consumable electrode gas shielded welding (GMAW) to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace.
In the step 3, the material adding path is designed to be in an interlayer reciprocating type, namely an arc starting point of a next deposition layer is an arc extinguishing point of a previous deposition layer; the additive manufacturing method comprises the steps of manufacturing the steel side, the transition layer and the copper side in an additive sequence, wherein 10-13 layers of welding wires for the steel side are used as raw materials to deposit on the steel side, 1-2 layers of welding wires for the transition layer are used as raw materials, and 10-13 layers of welding wires for the copper side are used as raw materials to deposit on the copper side.
In step 3, the additive process parameters are specifically as follows: firstly, steel side: welding current is 180 ~ 215A, and voltage is 20 ~ 25V, and welding wire extension length is 10 ~ 15mm, and welding speed 5 ~ 8mm/s, protective gas are: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The volume percentage sum of the components is 100%, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min; and the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 220-260A, the voltage is 23-27V, the extension length of a welding wire is 10-15 mm, the welding speed is 4-6 mm/s, pure argon with the volume fraction of 99.99% is selected as protective gas, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min.
In step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 400-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-50 min.
The invention also provides a copper/steel composite gradient material part which is prepared by the preparation method of the copper/steel composite gradient material part.
Example 1
A preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B, and its specification is: length × width × thickness is 300 × 200 × 5 (mm);
step 2: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected; in the step 2, (1) the welding wire for the steel side is a CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wire with the diameter of phi 1.2 mm; (2) the welding wire for transition adopts a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 68 percent of Ni, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.8 percent of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 6 percent of Ni, 15 percent of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition welding wire and the copper side are manufactured by a wire drawing machine of the welding wire and the flux-cored welding wire.
And step 3: and (3) selecting consumable electrode gas shielded welding (GMAW) to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace.
In the step 3, the material adding path is designed to be in an interlayer reciprocating type, namely, the arc starting point of the next deposition layer is the arc extinguishing point of the previous deposition layer; the additive manufacturing is performed by using an additive sequence of steel side-transition layer-copper side, wherein 10 layers are deposited on the steel side by using a welding wire for the steel side as a raw material, then 1 layer is deposited on the transition layer by using the welding wire for the transition layer, and 10 layers are deposited on the copper side by using a welding wire for the copper side as a raw material.
In step 3, the additive process parameters are specifically as follows: firstly, steel side: welding current is 180A, and voltage is 20V, and the welding wire stretches out length 10mm, and welding speed 5mm/s, protective gas are: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The volume percentage sum of the components is 100%, and the gas flow is 15L/min; the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 220A, the voltage is 23V, the extension length of the welding wire is 10mm, the welding speed is 4mm/s, the volume fraction of the protective gas is 99.99 percent of pure argon, and the gas flow is 15L/min.
In step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30 min.
In the wall structural member prepared by the method for preparing the copper/steel composite gradient material and optimizing the path in the embodiment 1, through measurement and mechanical property detection, the height difference h between two ends is 8mm, the collapse problem is improved to a certain extent, and the tensile strength is 325 Mpa.
Example 2
A preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B, and its specification is: length × width × thickness is 300 × 200 × 5 (mm);
step 2: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected; in the step 2, (1) CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wires with phi of 1.2mm are selected as the welding wires for the steel side; (2) the welding wire for transition uses a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 78% of Ni, 1% of Mn, 1.5% of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 9 percent of Ni, 18 percent of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition welding wire and the copper side are manufactured by a wire drawing machine of the welding wire and the flux-cored welding wire.
And step 3: and (3) selecting consumable electrode gas shielded welding (GMAW) to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace.
In the step 3, the material adding path is designed to be in an interlayer reciprocating type, namely an arc starting point of a next deposition layer is an arc extinguishing point of a previous deposition layer; additive manufacturing was performed using a steel side-transition layer-copper side additive sequence, in which 13 layers were deposited on the steel side using a steel side wire as the raw material, then 2 layers were deposited using a transition layer wire as the raw material, and 13 layers were deposited on the copper side using a copper side wire as the raw material.
In step 3, the additive process parameters are specifically as follows: firstly, steel side: welding current is 190A, voltage is 22.5V, and welding wire stretchesThe output length is 11mm, the welding speed is 5.5mm/s, and the protective gas is as follows: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The volume percentage sum of the components is 100%, and the gas flow is 16L/min; the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 230A, the voltage is 24V, the extension length of the welding wire is 11mm, the welding speed is 4.5mm/s, the volume fraction of the protective gas is 99.99 percent of pure argon, and the gas flow is 16L/min.
In step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 50 min.
In the wall structural member prepared by the method for preparing the copper/steel composite gradient material and optimizing the path in the embodiment 2, through measurement and mechanical property detection, the height difference h between two ends is 6mm, the collapse problem is improved to a certain extent, and the tensile strength is 317 Mpa.
Example 3
A preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B, and the specification is: length × width × thickness is 300 × 200 × 5 (mm);
step 2: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected; in the step 2, (1) CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wires with phi of 1.2mm are selected as the welding wires for the steel side; (2) the welding wire for transition uses a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 70 percent of Ni, 0.6 percent of Mn, 1.0 percent of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 7 percent of Ni, 16 percent of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition welding wire and the copper side are manufactured by a wire drawing machine of the welding wire and the flux-cored welding wire.
And step 3: and (3) selecting Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace.
In the step 3, the material adding path is designed to be in an interlayer reciprocating type, namely an arc starting point of a next deposition layer is an arc extinguishing point of a previous deposition layer; additive manufacturing was performed using a steel side-transition layer-copper side additive sequence, in which 11 layers were deposited on the steel side using a steel side wire as the starting material, then 2 layers were deposited using a transition layer wire as the starting material, and 11 layers were deposited on the copper side using a copper side wire as the starting material.
In the step 3, the additive process parameters are specifically as follows: firstly, steel side: the welding current is 200A, the voltage is 23V, the extension length of the welding wire is 12mm, the welding speed is 6mm/s, and the protective gas is as follows: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The volume percentage sum of the components is 100%, and the gas flow is 17L/min; the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 245A, the voltage is 25V, the extending length of the welding wire is 12mm, the welding speed is 5mm/s, the volume fraction of the protective gas is 99.99 percent of pure argon, and the gas flow is 17L/min.
In step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the temperature is kept at 420 ℃ for 40 min.
In the wall structure member manufactured by the method for manufacturing the copper/steel composite gradient material component in example 3, as shown in fig. 1, the height difference h between two ends is 2mm, the surface forming is good, and the tensile strength is 355 Mpa. The preparation method is proved to be capable of greatly improving the molding quality and the structural strength of the additive part.
Example 4
A preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B, and the specification is: length × width × thickness is 300 × 200 × 5 (mm);
step 2: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected; in the step 2, (1) CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wires with phi of 1.2mm are selected as the welding wires for the steel side; (2) the welding wire for transition uses a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 72 percent of Ni, 0.6 percent of Mn, 1.2 percent of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 8 percent of Ni, 16 percent of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition welding wire and the copper side welding wire flux-cored wire are manufactured by a wire drawing machine.
And step 3: and (3) selecting consumable electrode gas shielded welding (GMAW) to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace.
In the step 3, the material adding path is designed to be in an interlayer reciprocating type, namely an arc starting point of a next deposition layer is an arc extinguishing point of a previous deposition layer; the additive manufacturing is performed by using an additive sequence of steel side-transition layer-copper side, wherein 10 layers are deposited on the steel side by using a welding wire for the steel side as a raw material, then 2 layers are deposited on the transition layer by using a welding wire for the transition layer, and 13 layers are deposited on the copper side by using a welding wire for the copper side as a raw material.
In the step 3, the additive process parameters are specifically as follows: firstly, steel side: the welding current is 205A, the voltage is 24V, the extension length of the welding wire is 14mm, the welding speed is 7.5mm/s, and the protective gas is as follows: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The volume percentage sum of the components is 100%, and the gas flow is 18L/min; and the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 250A, the voltage is 26V, the extension length of the welding wire is 14mm, the welding speed is 5.5mm/s, the volume fraction of the protective gas is 99.99 percent of pure argon, and the gas flow is 18L/min.
In step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30 min.
In the wall structural member prepared by the method for preparing the copper/steel composite gradient material and optimizing the path in the embodiment 4, through measurement and mechanical property detection, the height difference h between two ends is 4mm, the collapse problem is improved to a certain extent, and the tensile strength is 335 Mpa.
Example 5
A preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part comprises the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B, and its specification is: length × width × thickness is 300 × 200 × 5 (mm);
and 2, step: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected; in the step 2, (1) CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wires with phi of 1.2mm are selected as the welding wires for the steel side; (2) the welding wire for transition uses a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 68 percent of Ni, 1 percent of Mn, 1.5 percent of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 6 percent of Ni, 15 percent of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition welding wire and the copper side welding wire flux-cored wire are manufactured by a wire drawing machine.
And step 3: and (3) selecting consumable electrode gas shielded welding (GMAW) to finish additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace.
In the step 3, the material adding path is designed to be in an interlayer reciprocating type, namely an arc starting point of a next deposition layer is an arc extinguishing point of a previous deposition layer; additive manufacturing was performed using a steel side-transition layer-copper side additive sequence, in which 13 layers were deposited on the steel side using a steel side wire as the raw material, then 1 layer using a transition layer wire as the raw material, and 10 layers were deposited on the copper side using a copper side wire as the raw material.
In step 3, the additive process parameters are specifically as follows: firstly, steel side: welding current is 215A, and voltage is 25V, and the welding wire stretches out length 15mm, and welding speed 8mm/s, protective gas are: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent, and the gas flow is 20L/min; the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 260A, the voltage is 27V, the extending length of the welding wire is 15mm, the welding speed is 6mm/s, the volume fraction of the protective gas is 99.99 percent of pure argon, and the gas flow rate isIs 20L/min.
In step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 400-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-50 min.
In the wall structural member prepared by the method for preparing the copper/steel composite gradient material and optimizing the path in the embodiment 5, through measurement and mechanical property detection, the height difference h between two ends is 6mm, the collapse problem is improved to a certain extent, and the tensile strength is 320 Mpa.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a copper/steel composite gradient material part is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
step 1: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface;
in step 1, the substrate material is Q345B;
and 2, step: reasonable welding wires for a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side are designed and selected;
in the step 2, (1) CHW50C6 carbon steel welding wires with phi of 1.2mm are selected as the welding wires for the steel side; (2) the welding wire for transition adopts a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 68-78% of Ni, 0.5-1% of Mn, 0.8-1.5% of Si and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; (3) the welding wire for the copper side is a flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.2mm, and comprises a flux core and a T2 pure copper welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following raw material powder in percentage by mass: 6-9% of Ni, 15-18% of Al and the balance of Cu, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
and step 3: selecting gas metal arc welding to complete additive manufacturing of the copper/steel composite structure, carrying out heat treatment on the additive part, and cooling along with the furnace;
and 3, manufacturing the material increase by adopting a material increase sequence of a steel side, a transition layer and a copper side, wherein 10-13 layers are deposited on the steel side by using a welding wire for the steel side as a raw material, then 1-2 layers of the welding wire for the transition layer are used as a raw material, and 10-13 layers are deposited on the copper side by using the welding wire for the copper side as a raw material.
2. The method for preparing the copper/steel composite gradient material part according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the additive process parameters are as follows: firstly, steel side: welding current is 180 ~ 215A, and voltage is 20 ~ 25V, and welding wire extension length is 10 ~ 15mm, and welding speed 5 ~ 8mm/s, protective gas are: the volume fraction of the mixed gas is 90% of Ar + 10% of CO 2, the sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100%, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min; the transition layer and the copper side: the welding current is 220-260A, the voltage is 23-27V, the extension length of a welding wire is 10-15 mm, the welding speed is 4-6 mm/s, pure argon with the volume fraction of 99.99% is selected as protective gas, and the gas flow is 15-20L/min.
3. The method for preparing the copper/steel composite gradient material part according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the heat treatment process conditions are as follows: the heat preservation temperature is 400-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-50 min.
4. A copper/steel composite gradient material part, characterized in that the part is prepared by the method for preparing a copper/steel composite gradient material part according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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CN110744221A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-04 西安理工大学 Welding wire for TA1-Cu-Q345 transition layer, method and groove form
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