CN110369905B - Special welding powder for efficient connection of aluminum stranded wire - Google Patents
Special welding powder for efficient connection of aluminum stranded wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN110369905B CN110369905B CN201910560392.XA CN201910560392A CN110369905B CN 110369905 B CN110369905 B CN 110369905B CN 201910560392 A CN201910560392 A CN 201910560392A CN 110369905 B CN110369905 B CN 110369905B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
Abstract
The invention relates to special welding powder for efficient connection of an aluminum stranded wire, which consists of the following substances in percentage by weight: 65 to 68 percent of aluminum, 30 to 35 percent of tin oxide, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of tin, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of iron, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of carbon, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of rare earth, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of silver and 1 to 2 percent of borax; the balance of alloy powder; the alloy powder consists of the following substances in percentage by weight: 8-12% of calcium, 40-47% of silicon, 28-32% of barium and the balance of mixed powder; the welding powder contains borax which is heated to decompose boric anhydride and sodium metaborate: and the sodium metaborate can form a composite compound with lower melting temperature with tin oxide: the composite compounds are easy to float on the surface of the aluminum liquid to become slag, and the fluidity of the aluminum liquid is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to special welding powder for efficient connection of aluminum stranded wires.
Background
The aluminum stranded wire is a common power transmission cable, and is easy to damage in a long-time outdoor use process. If necessary, the power transmission line needs to be repaired to recover the performance of the power transmission line, prolong the replacement period of the power transmission line and solve the capital. In the prior art, the aluminum stranded wire is generally repaired by using an aluminothermic welding mode; thermite welding is a welding process for welding two or more conductors or a plurality of conductors, and the process uses the high temperature generated by the exothermic reaction to realize high-performance electrical welding through the chemical reaction (exothermic reaction) between copper oxide and aluminum, and is widely used for aluminum strand connection. However, the existing aluminothermic welding powder is easy to generate defects of air holes, slag inclusion, heat cracking and the like when welding an aluminum hinge wire material, and the foreign special welding powder welding joint has reliable quality and higher cost, is easy to be restricted by people, and is not beneficial to the development of the grounding system of the electric power engineering in China after being used for a long time.
In view of the above technical problems, improvements are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides the special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire, which has the advantages of low production cost, guaranteed welding quality and stable reaction process.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire comprises the following substances in percentage by weight: 65 to 68 percent of aluminum, 30 to 35 percent of tin oxide, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of tin, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of iron, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of carbon, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of rare earth, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of silver and 1 to 2 percent of borax; the balance of alloy powder; the alloy powder consists of the following substances in percentage by weight: 8-12% of calcium, 40-47% of silicon, 28-32% of barium and the balance of mixed powder.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the aluminum powder is flake atomized aluminum powder, and the granularity is 40-60 meshes.
In a preferred mode of the present invention, the mixed powder includes a mixed powder of iron powder, fluorite powder, ferrosilicon powder, and silicon dioxide powder, wherein the iron powder is 1 to 1.5 parts, the fluorite powder is 0.5 to 1.5 parts, the ferrosilicon powder is 0.3 to 0.5 part, and the silicon dioxide powder has a particle size of 100 to 200 meshes.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixed powder further includes 3 to 5 parts of a slag former and 1 to 3 parts of a binder.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65% of aluminum, 30% of tin oxide, 1% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.2% of carbon, 0.2% of rare earth, 0.2% of silver and 2% of borax.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the alloy powder is composed of the following components by weight: 10% of calcium, 45% of silicon and 30% of barium.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the mixed powder is composed of the following materials in parts by weight: 1 part of iron powder, 1.5 parts of fluorite powder, 0.5 part of ferrosilicon powder, 1 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent and 2 parts of adhesive.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the purity of aluminum is more than or equal to 95 percent, the purity of tin is more than or equal to 97.5 percent, the purity of iron is more than or equal to 97.5 percent, and the purity of borax is more than or equal to 96.0 percent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slag former is fluorite powder.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixed powder further includes 2 to 3 parts of silver nitrate.
The welding powder comprises aluminum powder, tin oxide powder, iron powder, carbon powder, rare earth powder, silver powder and borax powder; before welding, the aluminum powder, the tin oxide powder and the binder are melted and mixed in advance; during welding, the welding powder contains borax which is heated to decompose boric anhydride and sodium metaborate: and the sodium metaborate can form a composite compound with lower melting temperature with tin oxide: the composite compounds are easy to float on the surface of the molten aluminum to form molten slag, so that the fluidity of the molten aluminum is improved, the replacement reaction rate of the exothermic welding powder is accelerated, simultaneously, the mixing of all raw materials is more uniform, and after cooling, the connection strength is good, the surface is smooth, and the quality of a weldment is stable.
The welding powder fully considers the burning loss of trace elements according to the physicochemical properties of different elements, and ensures that the high-efficiency connection part of the aluminum stranded wire has the same or similar components with a matrix; the welding powder has the advantages of stable reaction, high safety, high repairing speed and high efficiency.
The welding powder of the invention is added with 0.1 percent to 0.3 percent of carbon, the carbon element exists in the material in two states, one is solid solution in a matrix, the other is formed into metal carbide, and the material actually forms metal carbon boron compound due to the addition of boron.
40-47% of silicon element is added into the alloy powder in the welding powder, and the silicon has the functions of optimizing the atomization process performance of the powder, improving the yield and reducing the oxidation of the alloy powder in the spraying process.
Aluminum in the welding powder is used as a reducing agent to carry out chemical reaction with tin oxide, and heat is generated. The tin in the welding powder mainly has the functions of increasing the fluidity of molten metal, strengthening the strength of a metal welding line and reducing the reaction temperature. The silver in the welding powder has excellent heat conduction effect so as to ensure that the joint has good electric conduction capability. The rare earth in the welding powder has the effect of refining grains, so that the effect of strengthening the alloy is realized, the melting point of solid solution in the alloy is improved, the oxidation behavior of the welding powder is influenced by the addition of the rare earth, the oxidation thermodynamics and the kinetics behavior of the welding powder are changed, the compactness of tin oxide is strengthened, the oxidation rate of the welding powder is reduced, the quality guarantee time of the welding powder is prolonged, the ignition point is improved, and the comprehensive mechanical properties such as the strength, the hardness, the elongation, the fracture toughness, the wear resistance and the like of a joint can be improved.
The slag former is, for example, fluorite powder, and the fluorite powder plays a role in assisting melting and slagging and eliminating pores during the reaction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the welding powder contains borax which is heated to decompose boric anhydride and sodium metaborate: and the sodium metaborate can form a composite compound with lower melting temperature with tin oxide: the composite compounds are easy to float on the surface of the aluminum liquid to become molten slag, so that the fluidity of the aluminum liquid is improved;
2. on one hand, borax in the welding powder is beneficial to flowing of molten metal, meanwhile, the welding surface can be protected from being oxidized easily, BO obtained by high-temperature decomposition of borax on the other side can be combined with CaF to be used as a diluent and a slagging constituent;
3. the aluminum powder is adopted, so that the oxygen content and the impurity content of the aluminum powder are greatly reduced, the quality of the aluminum powder and the electric conductivity of a joint are improved, and the cost is reduced; the reaction of the aluminum powder and the tin oxide is accelerated by adding the silver powder; the welding powder obtained by the invention has high electric conductivity of the joint, less pores and slag inclusion, uniform grain refinement and reliable and stable quality of the welded joint; the environmental pollution is reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by means of specific examples.
The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are those commonly used in the art, and the methods used in the examples are those conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
the special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65% of aluminum, 30% of tin oxide, 1% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.2% of carbon, 0.2% of rare earth, 0.2% of silver and 2% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10% of calcium, 45% of silicon and 30% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1 part of iron powder, 1.5 parts of fluorite powder, 0.5 part of ferrosilicon powder, 1 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent and 2 parts of adhesive.
The slag former is fluorite powder, the aluminum powder is flake atomized aluminum powder, and the granularity is 40-60 meshes.
The weld layer hardness was 205 HB.
Example 2:
the special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 66.4% of aluminum, 31% of tin oxide, 0.8% of tin, 0.5% of iron, 0.1% of carbon, 0.1% of rare earth, 0.1% of silver and 1% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of calcium, 46% of silicon and 31% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1.2 parts of iron powder, 1 part of fluorite powder, 0.4 part of ferrosilicon powder, 0.8 part of silicon dioxide, 4 parts of slagging agent and 3 parts of adhesive.
The weld layer hardness was 208.8 HB.
Example 3:
the special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67.4% of aluminum, 30% of tin oxide, 0.9% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.1% of carbon, 0.1% of rare earth, 0.1% of silver and 1% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of calcium, 42% of silicon and 29% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of iron powder, 1.2 parts of fluorite powder, 0.4 part of ferrosilicon powder, 0.9 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent and 1 part of adhesive.
The invention adopts DML-V02B plasma powder produced by Shanghai Duoliao industry Co Ltd to build up the welding machine; the surfacing welding matrix is 40Cr, the output current is 95A, the powder feeding amount is 15g/min, the width of a single-pass welding seam is 10mm, the speed of a welding gun is 1mm/s, and the surfacing welding matrix is prepared by fully and uniformly stirring and mixing.
The weld layer hardness was 210.7 HB.
Example 4:
the content of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, the same contents are not repeated, and the difference from embodiment 1 is: in this embodiment:
the welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67.4% of aluminum, 29.7% of tin oxide, 0.9% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.1% of carbon, 0.1% of rare earth, 0.1% of silver and 1.3% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of calcium, 42% of silicon and 29% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of iron powder, 1.2 parts of fluorite powder, 0.4 part of ferrosilicon powder, 0.9 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent and 1 part of adhesive.
Different from the embodiment 3, in the scheme, the weight percentage of the borax is adjusted from 1% to 1.3%, and the weight percentage of the tin oxide is adjusted from 30% to 29.7%.
Example 5:
the content of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, the same contents are not repeated, and the difference from embodiment 1 is: in this embodiment:
the welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67.4% of aluminum, 29.7% of tin oxide, 0.9% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.1% of carbon, 0.1% of rare earth, 0.1% of silver and 1.3% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of calcium, 42% of silicon and 29% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of iron powder, 1.2 parts of fluorite powder, 0.4 part of ferrosilicon powder, 0.9 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent, 1 part of adhesive and 2 parts of silver nitrate.
Different from the embodiment 4, the scheme adds 2 parts of silver nitrate into the mixed powder, so that the welding strength is improved by 2.5-3%; meanwhile, the fusion of all components can be promoted, and the reaction of the aluminum powder and the tin oxide is accelerated; the obtained welding powder has high electric conductivity.
Example 6:
the content of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, the same contents are not repeated, and the difference from embodiment 1 is: in this embodiment:
the welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67.4% of aluminum, 29.6% of tin oxide, 0.9% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.1% of carbon, 0.2% of rare earth, 0.1% of silver and 1.3% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of calcium, 42% of silicon and 29% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of iron powder, 1.2 parts of fluorite powder, 0.4 part of ferrosilicon powder, 0.9 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent, 1 part of adhesive and 2 parts of silver nitrate.
Different from the embodiment 4, the weight percentage of the rare earth is adjusted from 0.1% to 0.2%, the weight percentage of the tin oxide is adjusted from 29.7% to 29.6%, and the applicant finds that the welding strength is improved by 0.1-0.3% after the weight percentages of the two components are adjusted; the method changes the thermodynamics and the kinetics of oxidation of the welding powder, strengthens the compactness of the tin oxide, reduces the oxidation rate of the welding powder and prolongs the quality guarantee time of the welding powder.
Example 6:
the content of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, the same contents are not repeated, and the difference from embodiment 1 is: in this embodiment:
the welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67.4% of aluminum, 29.6% of tin oxide, 0.9% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.2% of carbon, 0.2% of rare earth, 0.1% of silver and 1.2% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of calcium, 42% of silicon and 29% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of iron powder, 1.2 parts of fluorite powder, 0.4 part of ferrosilicon powder, 0.9 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent, 1 part of adhesive and 2 parts of silver nitrate.
Different from the embodiment 5, in the scheme, the weight percentage of the carbon is adjusted from 0.1% to 0.2%, and the weight percentage of the borax is adjusted from 1.3% to 1.2%.
Example 7:
the content of this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, the same contents are not repeated, and the difference from embodiment 1 is: in this embodiment:
the welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 67.4% of aluminum, 29.6% of tin oxide, 0.9% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.2% of carbon, 0.2% of rare earth, 0.1% of silver and 1.2% of borax; the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 8% of calcium, 42% of silicon and 29% of barium.
The mixed powder comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of iron powder, 1.2 parts of fluorite powder, 0.5 part of ferrosilicon powder, 0.9 part of silicon dioxide, 3 parts of slagging agent, 1 part of adhesive and 2 parts of silver nitrate.
Unlike example 5, in this embodiment, the weight part of the ferrosilicon powder is adjusted from 0.4 parts to 0.5 parts, and the applicant found that the oxidation of the alloy powder during the spraying process can be effectively reduced by adjusting the weight percentage of the above-mentioned components.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention; thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. The special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by weight: 65 to 68 percent of aluminum, 30 to 35 percent of tin oxide, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of tin, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of iron, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of carbon, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of rare earth, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of silver and 1 to 2 percent of borax; the balance of alloy powder; the alloy powder consists of the following substances in percentage by weight: 8-12% of calcium, 40-47% of silicon, 28-32% of barium and the balance of mixed powder; the mixed powder comprises mixed powder of iron powder, fluorite powder, ferrosilicon powder and silicon dioxide powder, wherein the iron powder accounts for 1-1.5 parts, the fluorite powder accounts for 0.5-1.5 parts, the ferrosilicon powder accounts for 0.3-0.5 part and the silicon dioxide accounts for 0.5-1 part, and the granularity of the mixed powder is 100-200 meshes.
2. The special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire according to claim 1, wherein the special welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the aluminum is flake atomized aluminum powder, and the granularity is 40-60 meshes.
3. The special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire according to claim 1, wherein the special welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65% of aluminum, 30% of tin oxide, 1% of tin, 0.4% of iron, 0.2% of carbon, 0.2% of rare earth, 0.2% of silver and 2% of borax.
4. The special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire according to claim 1, wherein the special welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the alloy powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10% of calcium, 45% of silicon and 30% of barium.
5. The special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire according to claim 1, wherein the special welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the purity of aluminum is more than or equal to 95 percent, the purity of tin is more than or equal to 97.5 percent, the purity of iron is more than or equal to 97.5 percent, and the purity of boron powder is more than or equal to 96.0 percent.
6. The special welding powder for the efficient connection of the aluminum stranded wire according to claim 1, wherein the special welding powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the mixed powder further comprises 2-3 parts of silver nitrate.
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| CN201910560392.XA CN110369905B (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Special welding powder for efficient connection of aluminum stranded wire |
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| CN201910560392.XA CN110369905B (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Special welding powder for efficient connection of aluminum stranded wire |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0947284A1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-06 | Erico International Corporation | Aluminum welding process and composition for use in same |
| CN102848101A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-01-02 | 重庆理工大学 | Bi-component powder thermit for resistance welding of aluminum alloy |
| CN102990222A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-27 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolytic tank aluminum bus and soft tape electric heat-release welding method |
| CN107671452A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-09 | 嘉兴嘉合电力设备有限公司 | Heat release welding powder |
| CN108326466A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-27 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | A kind of highly conductive aluminothermy welding powder |
-
2019
- 2019-06-26 CN CN201910560392.XA patent/CN110369905B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0947284A1 (en) * | 1998-04-03 | 1999-10-06 | Erico International Corporation | Aluminum welding process and composition for use in same |
| CN102848101A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-01-02 | 重庆理工大学 | Bi-component powder thermit for resistance welding of aluminum alloy |
| CN102990222A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-27 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Electrolytic tank aluminum bus and soft tape electric heat-release welding method |
| CN107671452A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-02-09 | 嘉兴嘉合电力设备有限公司 | Heat release welding powder |
| CN108326466A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-27 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | A kind of highly conductive aluminothermy welding powder |
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