CN102990222A - Electrolytic tank aluminum bus and soft tape electric heat-release welding method - Google Patents
Electrolytic tank aluminum bus and soft tape electric heat-release welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102990222A CN102990222A CN2012104627573A CN201210462757A CN102990222A CN 102990222 A CN102990222 A CN 102990222A CN 2012104627573 A CN2012104627573 A CN 2012104627573A CN 201210462757 A CN201210462757 A CN 201210462757A CN 102990222 A CN102990222 A CN 102990222A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to an electrolytic tank electric aluminum bus and aluminum soft tape damage re-welding repairing method. The electric heat-release welding method comprises the following steps of: 1) selection of crucible materials; 2) preparation of a crucible die; 3) preparation of a welding die; 4) preparation of a pouring piece and a blocking piece; and 5) welding. The method provided by the invention designs a 200kA electrolytic tank aluminum bus and soft band electric welding die by use of the heat-release welding principle and successfully performs electric welding. Through the method provided by the invention, the electrolytic tank aluminum bus and soft band electric welding can be performed for an electrolytic tank by a heat-release welding mode without cutting power, and the power cut of the electrolytic tank is not required, thus the cost can be saved, and the repairing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aluminum electrolysis, specifically relate to the method that the charged aluminium busbar of a kind of electrolytic cell and the soft band of aluminium damage again REPAIR WELDING.
Background technology
Adopt argon arc welding machine by bundle (a branch of normally formed by 10 soft band spot welding of 1mm aluminium) or the method for welding piecewise when usually adopting electrolytic cell overhaul after aluminium industry electrolytic tank electrolysis groove aluminium busbar and soft band damage.Produce after groove damages also is that weld in the gap that utilizes electrolytic cell to stop the electrical roasting power failure.
Original technology: it is very serious that employing argon arc welding machine repair welding aluminium bus of electrolyzer and soft band are subject to the impact of high-intensity magnetic field, and the larger magnetic field of electric current more strong weld is difficult approximately.Especially large-scale electrolytic cell does not have a power failure and just can't weld.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency for the prior art existence, a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer and soft charged heat release soldering method are provided.
A kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method are achieved by following technical proposals: a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer and soft charged heat release soldering method, comprise the soft band mould of charged reparation aluminium busbar and aluminium, describedly may further comprise the steps for charged heat release soldering method:
1) selection of crucible material
The heat release welding is that graphite is as the material of making heat release weldering crucible with the crucible material therefor;
2) crucible die
Crucible die comprises graphite cover, graphite current divider, graphite crucible, weld mold, graphite base plate, all moulds are to adopt graphite to be processed into by computer, machining accuracy is higher, and the no-float between the mould has effectively prevented overflowing of high temperature alloy in welding process;
3) weld mold
Weld mold comprises forming the die cavity of weld seam, preheating and running gate system part; Liquid metal enters in the die cavity at weld mold weld seam position during welding, forms the welding point of definite shape during cooling; The watering of other position die cavities, that the rising head passage is technique is required; Casting mold should have enough heat-resisting quantities, guarantees not cave in when preheating; Enough intensity should be arranged, and casting mold should not washed away when cast, and is indeformable, and keeps the size of requirement; Also enough gas permeabilities should be arranged simultaneously, can make like this dissolved gases and the interior gas in time discharge in casting process of casting mold in the metal, prevent from forming the defectives such as pore;
In order to adopt the heat release welding to realize soft band repairing, the personnel of organizational technology have carried out the measurement of relative dimensions, have carried out subsequently the designing mould of weld mold;
4) cast sheet, jam
Plug hole communicates with the crucible end opening, the diameter in hole and highly have the casting metal amount to determine.Kong Gaoyue is large, and flow rate of metal is larger, and is stronger to the souring of surface of the work.In the heat release welding, match from size and the aperture of the molten jam of suede; Its effect is that the heat release welding is reacted when reaching uniform temperature, and the jam fusing realizes automatic casting.Jam thickness is 3mm, and it is determining the zero-time of automatic casting;
Two, bus is repaired the welding solder flux
The heat release weldering solder flux of realizing aluminium-aluminium welding mainly contains the compositions such as tin oxide, aluminium powder, its chemical reaction:
SnO
2+ Al → Al
2O
3+ Sn+900 ℃ of welding agent model: 1000A22
(1) aluminium powder
Requirement to the aluminium chemical composition: heat release weldering solder flux General Requirements aluminium has higher purity, and objectionable impurities such as iron, silicon, copper summation will be lacked; The heat release weldering requires aluminium powder not made moist and oxidation, because aluminium oxide is not only understood delayed combustion in reaction, and reduces reducing power, affects welding quality.As the aluminium powder of making is moist, may form aluminium hydroxide, under pyroreaction, can produce water, resolves into hydrogen and oxygen, consequently causes the defectives such as pore; So outside heat release welding solder flux requirement aluminium powder chemical composition is suitable, answer good seal, existing commutation is used;
To the requirement of aluminum powder particle size, granule size is very large on the reaction speed impact, so heat release welding solder flux has certain claimed range to aluminum powder particle size; The general granularity that adopts is less than 0.6 aluminium powder, and requires varigrained aluminium powder to prepare according to a certain percentage;
(2) oxide
A large amount of oxygen that oxide needs in the time of on the one hand can supply response produces heat; The metal of reduction can also be as the filling metal of welding simultaneously; In the soft master tape of soldering, selected SnO
2As oxide;
Tin oxide, formula weight 150., white, four directions, six sides or quadrature crystal, density is 6.95 grams per cubic centimters, 1630 ℃ of fusing points are in 1800～1900 ℃ of distillations; Be insoluble in water, alcohol, diluted acid and alkali lye; Slow be dissolved in hot dense strong base solution and decompose, can generate stannate with the highly basic congruent melting; Can be dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid; Be used for pink salt processed, catalyst, mordant, preparation coating, glass, porcelain enamel industry are as polishing agent; Tin calcination or Sn (OH) 4 is added thermal decomposition can make in air;
This reaction product is tin; Tin, carbon group element, atomic number 50, atomic weight 118.71, masurium derives from Latin; Tin is argenteous soft metal, and proportion is 7.3, and fusing point is low, only has 232 ℃; The Surface Creation tin ash diaphragm of tin in air and stablizing, the lower oxidation reaction of heating is accelerated; The lower reaction of tin and halogen heating generates four tin halide; Also can with reaction of Salmon-Saxl; The tin moisture-stable can slowly be dissolved in diluted acid, comparatively fast is dissolved in the concentrated acid; Tin can be dissolved in strong alkali solution; In the acid solution of the salts such as iron chloride, zinc chloride, can be corroded;
Three, the soft band soldering of bus and aluminium
The soft band soldering of bus and aluminium is as follows:
1) welding process:
(1), prepare soft master tape, soft master tape in advance with former welding manner be welded on the prefabricated aluminium block (aluminium block is of a size of: 70*70*200), shown in the soft inclined-plane that forms 8 ° with bus;
(2), pre-treatment is welded at the bus position of the soft master tape of required maintain and replace position, the main task of processing is to polish, and removes oxide layer and grease, makes bus clean, smooth;
(3), the steady job of installation mold and soft master tape, simultaneously mold periphery is carried out shutoff with the anti-chamotte of high temperature, review and validate sealing;
(4), use jig and screw rod mould is fixing in position, tighten that bolt is buckled and screw rod;
(5), place crucible to mould, with crucible and mould alignment; Place disk B118R32BLK to crucible;
(6) fix firmly the welding material bag, mix wherein composition by knocking 3-4 sack;
(7) see and mould and the packed specification together of welding material;
(8) cut open sack (ACC4005J4) and pour out a small amount of welding material to crucible from the top, confirm that disk B118R32BLK has placed fully;
(9) pour remaining welding material into crucible;
(10) lid is covered on the crucible;
(11) personnel in the removing welding region;
(12) placing startup is that seed material is to top and the centre of lid;
(13) light welding material, use an igniter or T320 firestone igniter;
Dismantle mould after (14) 5 minutes;
In the bus belt electric process, weld, be with mould with other peripheral insulation processing;
2) welding result
Joint after the welding is firm, full, the rear dense structure of incision, can satisfy instructions for use.
A kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method have following beneficial effect compared with prior art: heat weldable principle design has been put in the inventive method utilization, and 200kA electrolytic tank electrolysis groove aluminium busbar and soft charged weld mold have also successfully carried out the band electric welding.Use the inventive method electrolytic cell to have a power failure and just can adopt the mode of heat release welding to carry out aluminium bus of electrolyzer and the electric welding of soft band band, need not cell line and have a power failure, can save cost, reduce the cost of repairs.
The use of the inventive method can reduce series and have a power failure, by current efficiency 91%, and current strength 200kA, by several 260 calculating of average run channel every day, then serial power failure 1h produces aluminium less: 260 * 0.3355 * 200 * 0.91 * 1=15.87 ton.Electrolytic cell reduce to have a power failure 20 times, can voluminous aluminium: 2000 yuan of meters of 15.87 * 20=317.4 ton aluminium net profit per ton, year increase economic efficiency: 63.48 ten thousand yuan of 317.4 * 2000 ≈.
Description of drawings
A kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method have following accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method welder structural representation;
Fig. 2 is a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method assembly 1 graphite cover structural representation;
Fig. 3 is a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method assembly 2 weld mold structural representations;
Fig. 4 is a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method assembly 3,4 current dividers, crucible structure schematic diagram.
Wherein: 1, graphite cover; 2, current divider; 3, crucible; 4, the soft welding mould of aluminium; 5, aluminium busbar; 6, soft band chamber.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method technical scheme are further described.
Such as Fig. 1-shown in Figure 4, a kind of aluminium bus of electrolyzer of the present invention and soft charged heat release soldering method comprise the soft band mould of charged reparation aluminium busbar and aluminium, describedly may further comprise the steps for charged heat release soldering method:
1) selection of crucible material
The heat release welding is that graphite is as the material of making heat release weldering crucible with the crucible material therefor;
2) crucible die
Crucible die comprises graphite cover, graphite current divider, graphite crucible, weld mold, graphite base plate, all moulds are to adopt graphite to be processed into by computer, machining accuracy is higher, and the no-float between the mould has effectively prevented overflowing of high temperature alloy in welding process;
4) weld mold
Weld mold comprises forming the die cavity of weld seam, preheating and running gate system part; Liquid metal enters in the die cavity at weld mold weld seam position during welding, forms the welding point of definite shape during cooling; The watering of other position die cavities, that the rising head passage is technique is required; Casting mold should have enough heat-resisting quantities, guarantees not cave in when preheating; Enough intensity should be arranged, and casting mold should not washed away when cast, and is indeformable, and keeps the size of requirement; Also enough gas permeabilities should be arranged simultaneously, can make like this dissolved gases and the interior gas in time discharge in casting process of casting mold in the metal, prevent from forming the defectives such as pore;
In order to adopt the heat release welding to realize soft band repairing, the personnel of organizational technology have carried out the measurement of relative dimensions, have carried out subsequently the designing mould of weld mold;
4) cast sheet, jam
Plug hole communicates with the crucible end opening, the diameter in hole and highly have the casting metal amount to determine.Kong Gaoyue is large, and flow rate of metal is larger, and is stronger to the souring of surface of the work.In the heat release welding, match from size and the aperture of the molten jam of suede; Its effect is that the heat release welding is reacted when reaching uniform temperature, and the jam fusing realizes automatic casting.Jam thickness is 3mm, and it is determining the zero-time of automatic casting;
Two, bus is repaired the welding solder flux
The heat release weldering solder flux of realizing aluminium-aluminium welding mainly contains the compositions such as tin oxide, aluminium powder, its chemical reaction:
SnO
2+ Al → Al
2O
3+ Sn+900 ℃ of welding agent model: 1000A22
(1) aluminium powder
Requirement to the aluminium chemical composition: heat release weldering solder flux General Requirements aluminium has higher purity, and objectionable impurities such as iron, silicon, copper summation will be lacked; The heat release weldering requires aluminium powder not made moist and oxidation, because aluminium oxide is not only understood delayed combustion in reaction, and reduces reducing power, affects welding quality.As the aluminium powder of making is moist, may form aluminium hydroxide, under pyroreaction, can produce water, resolves into hydrogen and oxygen, consequently causes the defectives such as pore; So outside heat release welding solder flux requirement aluminium powder chemical composition is suitable, answer good seal, existing commutation is used;
To the requirement of aluminum powder particle size, granule size is very large on the reaction speed impact, so heat release welding solder flux has certain claimed range to aluminum powder particle size; The general granularity that adopts is less than 0.6 aluminium powder, and requires varigrained aluminium powder to prepare according to a certain percentage;
(2) oxide
A large amount of oxygen that oxide needs in the time of on the one hand can supply response produces heat; The metal of reduction can also be as the filling metal of welding simultaneously; In the soft master tape of soldering, selected SnO
2As oxide;
Tin oxide, formula weight 150., white, four directions, six sides or quadrature crystal, density is 6.95 grams per cubic centimters, 1630 ℃ of fusing points are in 1800～1900 ℃ of distillations; Be insoluble in water, alcohol, diluted acid and alkali lye; Slow be dissolved in hot dense strong base solution and decompose, can generate stannate with the highly basic congruent melting; Can be dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid; Be used for pink salt processed, catalyst, mordant, preparation coating, glass, porcelain enamel industry are as polishing agent; Tin calcination or Sn (OH) 4 is added thermal decomposition can make in air;
This reaction product is tin; Tin, carbon group element, atomic number 50, atomic weight 118.71, masurium derives from Latin; Tin is argenteous soft metal, and proportion is 7.3, and fusing point is low, only has 232 ℃; The Surface Creation tin ash diaphragm of tin in air and stablizing, the lower oxidation reaction of heating is accelerated; The lower reaction of tin and halogen heating generates four tin halide; Also can with reaction of Salmon-Saxl; The tin moisture-stable can slowly be dissolved in diluted acid, comparatively fast is dissolved in the concentrated acid; Tin can be dissolved in strong alkali solution; In the acid solution of the salts such as iron chloride, zinc chloride, can be corroded;
Three, the soft band soldering of bus and aluminium
The soft band soldering of bus and aluminium is as follows:
1) welding process:
(1), prepare soft master tape, soft master tape in advance with former welding manner be welded on the prefabricated aluminium block (aluminium block is of a size of: 70*70*200), shown in the soft inclined-plane that forms 8 ° with bus;
(2), pre-treatment is welded at the bus position of the soft master tape of required maintain and replace position, the main task of processing is to polish, and removes oxide layer and grease, makes bus clean, smooth;
(3), the steady job of installation mold and soft master tape, soft master tape is fixed in the soft band chamber 6 of weld mold, simultaneously mold periphery is carried out shutoff with the anti-chamotte of high temperature, review and validate sealing;
(4), use jig and screw rod mould is fixing in position, tighten that bolt is buckled and screw rod;
(5), place crucible to mould, with crucible and mould alignment; Place disk B118R32BLK to crucible;
(6) fix firmly the welding material bag, mix wherein composition by knocking 3-4 sack;
(7) see and mould and the packed specification together of welding material;
(8) cut open sack (ACC4005J4) and pour out a small amount of welding material to crucible from the top, confirm that disk B118R32BLK has placed fully;
(9) pour remaining welding material into crucible;
(10) lid is covered on the crucible;
(11) personnel in the removing welding region;
(12) placing startup is that seed material is to top and the centre of lid;
(13) light welding material, use an igniter or T320 firestone igniter;
Dismantle mould after (14) 5 minutes;
In the bus belt electric process, weld, be with mould with other peripheral insulation processing;
2) welding result
Joint after the welding is firm, full, the rear dense structure of incision, can satisfy instructions for use.
The inventive method is the 200kA electrolytic tank electrolysis groove aluminium busbar of having put heat weldable principle design and soft charged weld mold and has successfully carried out the band electric welding.
Aluminium bus of electrolyzer and soft charged heat release soldering method:
One, the soft band Design of Dies of charged reparation aluminium busbar and aluminium
Soft material with bus and bus is aluminium, therefore studies the soft bus of charged reparation and realizes exactly aluminium-aluminium welding.
) selection of crucible material
Crucible is one of basic tool of heat release welding, mainly provides and holds the usefulness that solder flux carries out thermit reaction, and the temperature of the reaction of thermite in crucible is very high, generally reaches more than 2000 ℃.Simultaneously, also be accompanied by strong boiling, therefore, require crucible material or inner lining material to have high refractoriness, and less in the chemical action of slag, with the service life of the corrosive effect crucible that prevents slag.We by analyzing in the difference or the performance (table 1) of material, finally determine heat release welding crucible material therefor when design for this reason.
The softening point of several refractory materials of table 1 and fusing point performance table
The high alundum (Al2O3) of purity as can be seen from the above table, though have high refractoriness, but expensive, be unsuitable for widely applying the crucible (being commonly referred to as the high alumina crucible) that uses the lower refractory material of alumina content to make, its refractoriness is corresponding reduction also, its main raw material(s) is bauxite, because raw material supply is abundant, so price is also cheaper, normal operation be prefabricated crucible lining, being shaped re-uses after watering knot by high temperature.
The magnesia that purity is high, its refractoriness is very high, but price is also more expensive, industrial general usefulness be to do raw material with magnesia, make through high temperature sintering.Adopt fused magnesite to do raw material, have higher refractoriness than general magnesia, this material not only has high refractoriness, and because the molten slag of normal aluminothermy steel is neutral, therefore also less for the erosion of Magnesia crucible lining.Magnesia crucible should be put into the roaster roasting after shaping, sintering temperature generally will reach 1800 ℃.The Magnesia crucible that sintering is good just can improve its service life.
The main component silica of quartz sand also has higher refractoriness, and price is lower, is used widely in less demanding, disposable crucible.The shortcoming of silica crucible is corrosion-resistant, and inclusion content is also larger in the weld seam.The fusing point softening point of the comparison graphite by above material is higher, the good material as copper conductor welding crucible. but when thermit reaction, under high temperature action, graphite crucible can make the aluminothermy molten steel that more carburetting is arranged, the phosphorus content of aluminothermy weld seam is improved, can not guarantee the requirement of the mechanical property of aluminothermy weld seam.
By the comparison of above material, we have adopted graphite as the material of making heat release weldering crucible when design.
) the crucible structure design
This mould is comprised of following several parts, graphite cover, graphite current divider, graphite crucible, weld mold, graphite base plate, all moulds are to adopt graphite to be processed into by computer, and machining accuracy is higher, and the no-float between the mould has effectively prevented overflowing of high temperature alloy in welding process.
) weld mold
1, weld mold (Fig. 1) comprises forming the die cavity of the parts such as weld seam, preheating and running gate system.Liquid metal enters in the die cavity at weld mold weld seam position during welding, forms the welding point of definite shape during cooling.It is required that other position die cavity passages (water, rising head) are technique.Casting mold should have enough heat-resisting quantities, guarantees not cave in when preheating; Enough intensity should be arranged, and casting mold should not washed away when cast, and is indeformable, and keeps the size of requirement; Also enough gas permeabilities should be arranged simultaneously, can make like this dissolved gases and the interior gas in time discharge in casting process of casting mold in the metal, prevent from forming the defectives such as pore.
In order to adopt the heat release welding to realize soft band repairing, the personnel of organizational technology have carried out the measurement of relative dimensions, have carried out subsequently the designing mould of weld mold.
) cast sheet, jam
Plug hole communicates with the crucible end opening, the diameter in hole and highly have the casting metal amount to determine.Kong Gaoyue is large, and flow rate of metal is larger, and is stronger to the souring of surface of the work.In the heat release welding, match from size and the aperture of the molten jam of suede.Its effect is that the heat release welding is reacted when reaching uniform temperature, and the jam fusing realizes automatic casting.Jam thickness is 3mm, and it is determining the zero-time of automatic casting.
Two, bus is repaired the welding solder flux
The heat release weldering solder flux of realizing aluminium-aluminium welding mainly contains the compositions such as tin oxide, aluminium powder.Its chemical reaction:
SnO
2+ Al → Al
2O
3+ Sn+900 ℃ of welding agent model: 1000A22
(1) aluminium powder
Requirement to the aluminium chemical composition: heat release weldering solder flux General Requirements aluminium has higher purity, and objectionable impurities such as iron, silicon, copper summation will be lacked.The heat release weldering requires aluminium powder not made moist and oxidation, because aluminium oxide is not only understood delayed combustion in reaction, and reduces reducing power, affects welding quality.As the aluminium powder of making is moist, may form aluminium hydroxide, under pyroreaction, can produce water, resolves into hydrogen and oxygen, consequently causes the defectives such as pore.So outside heat release welding solder flux requirement aluminium powder chemical composition is suitable, answer good seal, existing commutation is used.
To the requirement of aluminum powder particle size, granule size is very large on the reaction speed impact, so heat release welding solder flux has certain claimed range to aluminum powder particle size; The general granularity that adopts is less than 0.6 aluminium powder, and requires varigrained aluminium powder to prepare according to a certain percentage.
(2) oxide
A large amount of oxygen that oxide needs in the time of on the one hand can supply response produces heat.The metal of reduction can also be as the filling metal of welding simultaneously.In the soft master tape of soldering, selected SnO
2As oxide.
Tin oxide, formula weight 150.7.White, four directions, six sides or quadrature crystal, density is 6.95 grams per cubic centimters, 1630 ℃ of fusing points are in 1800～1900 ℃ of distillations.Be insoluble in water, alcohol, diluted acid and alkali lye.Slow be dissolved in hot dense strong base solution and decompose, can generate stannate with the highly basic congruent melting.Can be dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid.Be used for pink salt processed, catalyst, mordant, preparation coating, glass, porcelain enamel industry are as polishing agent.Tin calcination or Sn (OH) 4 is added thermal decomposition can make in air.
This reaction product is tin.Tin, carbon group element, atomic number 50, atomic weight 118.71, masurium derives from Latin.Tin is argenteous soft metal, and proportion is 7.3, and fusing point is low, only has 232 ℃.The Surface Creation tin ash diaphragm of tin in air and stablizing, the lower oxidation reaction of heating is accelerated; The lower reaction of tin and halogen heating generates four tin halide; Also can with reaction of Salmon-Saxl; The tin moisture-stable can slowly be dissolved in diluted acid, comparatively fast is dissolved in the concentrated acid; Tin can be dissolved in strong alkali solution; In the acid solution of the salts such as iron chloride, zinc chloride, can be corroded.
Three, the soft band soldering of bus and aluminium
It is as follows to have carried out the on-the-spot result of the soft band soldering of bus and aluminium in April, 2009:
1) welding process:
(1), prepare soft master tape, soft master tape is welded to former welding manner in advance (aluminium block is of a size of: 70*70*200) on the prefabricated aluminium block.Shown in the soft inclined-plane that forms 8 ° with bus.
(2), pre-treatment is welded at the bus position of the soft master tape of required maintain and replace position, the main task of processing is to polish, and removes oxide layer and grease, makes bus clean, smooth.
(3), the steady job of installation mold and soft master tape, simultaneously mold periphery is carried out shutoff with the anti-chamotte of high temperature, review and validate sealing.
(4), use jig and screw rod mould is fixing in position, tighten that bolt is buckled and screw rod.
(5), placing crucible (guarantees and the mould alignment) to mould.Place disk B118R32BLK and to crucible, (guarantee that disk is placed on the crucible).
(6) fix firmly the welding material bag, mix wherein composition by knocking 3-4 sack.
(7) see and mould and the packed specification together of welding material.
(8) cut open sack (ACC4005J4) and pour out a small amount of welding material to crucible from the top, confirm that disk B118R32BLK has placed fully.
(9) pour remaining welding material into crucible.
(10) lid is covered on the crucible.
(11) personnel in the removing welding region.
(12) place startup (igniting) material to top and the centre of lid.
(13) light welding material, use an igniter or T320 firestone igniter.
Dismantle mould after (14) 5 minutes.
Attention: in welding process, will take care, particularly in the bus belt electric process, weld, notice that mould is with other peripheral insulation processing.
Welding result
Joint after the welding such as figure below, joint is firm, full, the rear dense structure of incision, can satisfy instructions for use.
Claims (1)
1. an aluminium bus of electrolyzer and soft charged heat release soldering method comprise the soft band mould of charged reparation aluminium busbar and aluminium, it is characterized in that describedly may further comprise the steps for charged heat release soldering method:
1) selection of crucible material
The heat release welding is that graphite is as the material of making heat release weldering crucible with the crucible material therefor;
2) crucible die
Crucible die comprises graphite cover, graphite current divider, graphite crucible, weld mold, graphite base plate, all moulds are to adopt graphite to be processed into by computer, machining accuracy is higher, and the no-float between the mould has effectively prevented overflowing of high temperature alloy in welding process;
3) weld mold
Weld mold comprises forming the die cavity of weld seam, preheating and running gate system part; Liquid metal enters in the die cavity at weld mold weld seam position during welding, forms the welding point of definite shape during cooling; The watering of other position die cavities, that the rising head passage is technique is required; Casting mold should have enough heat-resisting quantities, guarantees not cave in when preheating; Enough intensity should be arranged, and casting mold should not washed away when cast, and is indeformable, and keeps the size of requirement; Also enough gas permeabilities should be arranged simultaneously, can make like this dissolved gases and the interior gas in time discharge in casting process of casting mold in the metal, prevent from forming the defectives such as pore;
In order to adopt the heat release welding to realize soft band repairing, the personnel of organizational technology have carried out the measurement of relative dimensions, have carried out subsequently the designing mould of weld mold;
4) cast sheet, jam
Plug hole communicates with the crucible end opening, the diameter in hole and highly have the casting metal amount to determine;
Kong Gaoyue is large, and flow rate of metal is larger, and is stronger to the souring of surface of the work;
In the heat release welding, match from size and the aperture of the molten jam of suede; Its effect is that the heat release welding is reacted when reaching uniform temperature, and the jam fusing realizes automatic casting;
Jam thickness is 3mm, and it is determining the zero-time of automatic casting;
Two, bus is repaired the welding solder flux
The heat release weldering solder flux of realizing aluminium-aluminium welding mainly contains the compositions such as tin oxide, aluminium powder, its chemical reaction:
SnO
2+ Al → Al
2O
3+ Sn+900 ℃ of welding agent model: 1000A22
(1) aluminium powder
Requirement to the aluminium chemical composition: heat release weldering solder flux General Requirements aluminium has higher purity, and objectionable impurities such as iron, silicon, copper summation will be lacked; The heat release weldering requires aluminium powder not made moist and oxidation, because aluminium oxide is not only understood delayed combustion in reaction, and reduces reducing power, affects welding quality;
As the aluminium powder of making is moist, may form aluminium hydroxide, under pyroreaction, can produce water, resolves into hydrogen and oxygen, consequently causes the defectives such as pore; So outside heat release welding solder flux requirement aluminium powder chemical composition is suitable, answer good seal, existing commutation is used;
To the requirement of aluminum powder particle size, granule size is very large on the reaction speed impact, so heat release welding solder flux has certain claimed range to aluminum powder particle size; The general granularity that adopts is less than 0.6 aluminium powder, and requires varigrained aluminium powder to prepare according to a certain percentage;
(2) oxide
A large amount of oxygen that oxide needs in the time of on the one hand can supply response produces heat; The metal of reduction can also be as the filling metal of welding simultaneously; In the soft master tape of soldering, selected SnO
2As oxide;
Tin oxide, formula weight 150., white, four directions, six sides or quadrature crystal, density is 6.95 grams per cubic centimters, 1630 ℃ of fusing points are in 1800～1900 ℃ of distillations; Be insoluble in water, alcohol, diluted acid and alkali lye; Slow be dissolved in hot dense strong base solution and decompose, can generate stannate with the highly basic congruent melting; Can be dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid; Be used for pink salt processed, catalyst, mordant, preparation coating, glass, porcelain enamel industry are as polishing agent; Tin calcination or Sn (OH) 4 is added thermal decomposition can make in air;
This reaction product is tin; Tin, carbon group element, atomic number 50, atomic weight 118.71, masurium derives from Latin; Tin is argenteous soft metal, and proportion is 7.3, and fusing point is low, only has 232 ℃; The Surface Creation tin ash diaphragm of tin in air and stablizing, the lower oxidation reaction of heating is accelerated; The lower reaction of tin and halogen heating generates four tin halide; Also can with reaction of Salmon-Saxl; The tin moisture-stable can slowly be dissolved in diluted acid, comparatively fast is dissolved in the concentrated acid; Tin can be dissolved in strong alkali solution; In the acid solution of the salts such as iron chloride, zinc chloride, can be corroded;
Three, the soft band soldering of bus and aluminium
The soft band soldering of bus and aluminium is as follows:
1) welding process:
(1), prepare soft master tape, soft master tape in advance with former welding manner be welded on the prefabricated aluminium block (aluminium block is of a size of: 70*70*200), shown in the soft inclined-plane that forms 8 ° with bus;
(2), pre-treatment is welded at the bus position of the soft master tape of required maintain and replace position, the main task of processing is to polish, and removes oxide layer and grease, makes bus clean, smooth;
(3), the steady job of installation mold and soft master tape, simultaneously mold periphery is carried out shutoff with the anti-chamotte of high temperature, review and validate sealing;
(4), use jig and screw rod mould is fixing in position, tighten that bolt is buckled and screw rod;
(5), place crucible to mould, with crucible and mould alignment; Place disk B118R32BLK to crucible;
(6) fix firmly the welding material bag, mix wherein composition by knocking 3-4 sack;
(7) see and mould and the packed specification together of welding material;
(8) cut open sack (ACC4005J4) and pour out a small amount of welding material to crucible from the top, confirm that disk B118R32BLK has placed fully;
(9) pour remaining welding material into crucible;
(10) lid is covered on the crucible;
(11) personnel in the removing welding region;
(12) placing startup is that seed material is to top and the centre of lid;
(13) light welding material, use an igniter or T320 firestone igniter;
Dismantle mould after (14) 5 minutes;
In the bus belt electric process, weld, be with mould with other peripheral insulation processing;
2) welding result
Joint after the welding is firm, full, the rear dense structure of incision, can satisfy instructions for use.
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| CN104972220A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-14 | 武汉大学 | In-situ power-cut-free welding method for soft mother belts and aluminum bus of cathode of aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN106541246A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-03-29 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | The method that aluminum cell bus-bar sweat soldering is repaired under electromagnetic field environment |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |