CN111558793A - Ni-based flux-cored wire and method for preparing copper-steel-based gradient composite material - Google Patents
Ni-based flux-cored wire and method for preparing copper-steel-based gradient composite material Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Ni-based flux-cored wire, which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following components in percentage by mass: ni powder: 86% -90%, Mn powder: 3% -5%, Si powder: 6% -7%, Cu powder: the balance, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent. The Ni-based flux-cored wire is used as a transition layer to avoid welding defects caused by the difference of thermophysical parameters of two materials when copper and steel are directly connected. The invention also provides a method for preparing the copper-steel-based gradient composite material by taking the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer, which solves the welding defect caused by direct connection between the existing copper/steel composite materials, and can ensure that the parts are combined in a gradient form from the steel side to the copper side so as to enhance the combining capability of the interface of a heterogeneous material and improve the mechanical property of a composite member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a Ni-based flux-cored wire and a method for preparing a copper-steel-based gradient composite material based on the Ni-based flux-cored wire as a transition layer.
Background
Due to the shortage of copper resources in China, the prices of copper and copper alloy are increased year by year, the strength of copper is low and easy to deform, and the long-term development of copper is severely restricted. The steel has the advantages of annual output increasing year by year in China, lower price, higher strength and processability, and suitability for part materials under various working conditions. It is a good choice if a copper-steel bimetal composite is used instead of pure copper or copper alloy alone. Therefore, a large amount of noble metal copper can be saved, the manufacturing cost of parts is reduced, and the excellent corrosion resistance and magnetic isolation of copper and the high strength and easy processability of steel can be fully exerted, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the copper/steel composite part is improved, and the copper/steel composite part has better economic benefit and application range. However, the thermal physical parameters of copper and steel are greatly different, such as the difference of linear expansion coefficients, so that parts are easy to generate welding thermal stress; the difference in thermal conductivity (rapid heat dissipation on the copper side) makes it impossible to obtain a solder joint with good fusion without preheating. Therefore, the method for preparing the copper/steel composite structural part by adopting the surfacing mode has obvious advantages, can meet the requirement that the copper side is carried out under the condition of no need of preheating, and can also add transition materials in a gradient structure form in the welding process so as to improve the bonding capacity between the copper and steel interfaces and improve the mechanical property of the composite part.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Ni-based flux-cored wire which is used as a transition layer to avoid welding defects caused by the difference of thermophysical parameters of two materials when copper and steel are directly connected.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the copper-steel-based gradient composite material by taking the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer, which solves the welding defect caused by direct connection between the existing copper/steel composite materials, and can enable parts to be combined in a gradient form from the steel side to the copper side so as to enhance the combining capability of a heterogeneous material interface and improve the mechanical property of a composite member.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the Ni-based flux-cored wire comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni powder: 86% -90%, Mn powder: 3% -5%, Si powder: 6% -7%, Cu powder: the balance, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the welding skin is a pure copper strip, and the filling rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored wire is 22-25 wt%.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that a method for preparing a copper-steel base gradient composite material based on a Ni-based flux-cored wire as a transition layer is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: weighing the following components in percentage by mass: ni powder: 86% -90%, Mn powder: 3% -5%, Si powder: 6% -7%, Cu powder: the balance, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
the weighed metal powder is used as a flux core, a pure copper strip is used as a welding skin, and a required Ni-based flux-cored wire is manufactured through a wire forming machine;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the pure copper welding wire and the Ni-based flux-cored welding wire for the transition layer prepared in the step 1: cleaning and drying;
and step 3: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate, putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, airing the carbon steel plate, and putting the carbon steel plate into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment;
and 4, step 4: performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a consumable electrode gas shielded welding technology: firstly, a steel layer is built up on the basis of a low-carbon steel welding wire, then a gradient transition layer is built up on the basis of a Ni-based flux-cored welding wire, and finally a copper layer is built up on the basis of a pure copper welding wire, so that a copper-steel-based gradient composite thin-wall structure is finally obtained.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 2, the low-carbon steel welding wire comprises the following steps: CHW50-C6 welding wire; the pure copper welding wire is: s201, welding wires.
In step 2, the low-carbon steel welding wire, the pure copper welding wire and the Ni-based flux-cored welding wire are respectively subjected to surface treatment as follows: wiping the surface of the welding wire by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying at the temperature of 40-60 ℃.
In step 3, the low-carbon steel plate is as follows: q235 steel plate, the ultrasonic cleaning time is: 15 min-30 min, the preheating temperature is as follows: 200-300 ℃.
In the step 4, the specific parameters of the steel side welding process are as follows: welding current: 220A to 225A, welding voltage: 21V-22V, welding speed: 0.2 mm/min-0.3 mm/min, swing width: 3.2 mm-3.4 mm, swing arc frequency: 4.5-5Hz, protective gas: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 220A to 235A, welding voltage: 23V-24V, welding speed: 0.15 mm/min-0.25 mm/min, swing width: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 210A to 250A, welding voltage: 25V-26V, welding speed: 0.2 mm/min-0.3 mm/min, swing width: 2.8 mm-3.0 mm, swing arc frequency: 3.5-4Hz, protective gas: and 99.99% of Ar gas by volume fraction.
In step 4, the extension lengths of the welding wires of the steel side and the transition layer are as follows: 15mm, wire stick out length on copper side: 11mm, interlayer cooling temperature of steel side and transition layer: 120-160 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: 80-100 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the Ni-based flux-cored wire disclosed by the invention is used as a transition layer, so that the welding defect caused by the difference of thermophysical parameters of two materials when copper and steel are directly connected is avoided.
(2) According to the preparation method, the gradient transition layer is added between the welding of the copper and steel heterogeneous materials, so that the gradient combination form between the transition layer and the steel and between the transition layer and the copper is achieved, the welding defect caused by the difference of thermophysical parameters of the two materials when the copper and the steel are directly connected is avoided, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the part is improved.
(3) According to the preparation method, when the layer-by-layer surfacing welding is carried out, the former welding seam can have a good preheating effect on the latter welding seam, and the latter welding seam can also have a good heat treatment effect on the former welding seam, so that the production period of the composite part can be shortened, the material utilization rate is improved, and the manufacturing cost is saved.
(4) The preparation method provided by the invention can reduce the generation of welding cracks of the steel-to-steel side, the steel-to-copper side and the copper-to-copper side by controlling the interlayer temperature, has the advantages of simple process and convenience in operation, and can greatly optimize the production flow of the copper-steel composite structural member.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a macro topography of a copper-steel gradient composite thin-wall structure in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a micro-topography of the weld center of the thin-walled wall structure transition layer in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a micro-topography of the transition layer-copper side interface of the thin-walled wall structure in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a Ni-based flux-cored wire, which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following components in percentage by mass: ni powder: 86% -90%, Mn powder: 3% -5%, Si powder: 6% -7%, Cu powder: the balance, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Wherein:
1) the Ni element is a main component and occupies a larger proportion, because the melting point of Ni is between Cu and Fe, the Ni element can form an infinite solid solution with the Cu element and the Fe element, no intermetallic compound is generated, and meanwhile, the Ni element can also improve the toughness of a formed part;
2) mn element can purify harmful impurities such as welding seams, deoxidation, phosphorus, sulfur and the like, and in addition, the Mn element can also improve the strength of a formed part;
3) si element is mainly used as a deoxidizer and can be combined with FeO in the steel to form silicate slag with low density and removed. The hardness of the formed part can also be improved.
The welding skin is a pure copper strip, and the filling rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored wire is 22-25 wt%.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the copper-steel-based gradient composite material based on the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1: weighing the following components in percentage by mass: ni powder: 86% -90%, Mn powder: 3% -5%, Si powder: 6% -7%, Cu powder: the balance, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
the weighed metal powder is used as a flux core, a pure copper strip is used as a welding skin, and the required Ni-based flux-cored wire is manufactured by a wire forming machine, which specifically comprises the following steps: putting the weighed metal powder into an automatic powder mixer for mixing, putting the mixed metal powder into a vacuum ring furnace for heating to 200 ℃, preserving heat, then putting a pure copper belt on a wire drawing machine, filling the mixed metal powder into the copper belt, and finally reducing the diameter to 1.2mm for later use through a drawing process;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the pure copper welding wire and the Ni-based flux-cored welding wire for the transition layer prepared in the step 1: cleaning and drying;
in the step 2, the low-carbon steel welding wire comprises the following steps: CHW50-C6 welding wire; the pure copper welding wire is: s201, welding wires;
in step 2, the low-carbon steel welding wire, the pure copper welding wire and the Ni-based flux-cored welding wire are respectively subjected to surface treatment as follows: wiping the surface of the welding wire by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying at the temperature of 40-60 ℃;
and step 3: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate, putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, airing the carbon steel plate, and putting the carbon steel plate into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment;
in step 3, the low-carbon steel plate is as follows: the Q235 steel plate has the following dimensional specifications: length × width × height is 200mm × 50mm × 5mm, and the ultrasonic cleaning time is: 15 min-30 min, the preheating temperature is as follows: 200-300 ℃;
and 4, step 4: performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technology: firstly, overlaying a steel layer based on a low-carbon steel welding wire, then overlaying a gradient transition layer based on a Ni-based-flux-cored welding wire, and finally overlaying a copper layer based on a pure copper welding wire to finally obtain a copper-steel-based gradient composite thin-wall structure;
in the step 4, the specific parameters of the steel side welding process are as follows: welding current: 220A to 225A, welding voltage: 21V-22V, welding speed: 0.2 mm/min-0.3 mm/min, swing width: 3.2 mm-3.4 mm, swing arc frequency: 4.5-5Hz, protective gas: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 220A to 235A, welding voltage: 23V-24V, welding speed: 0.15 mm/min-0.25 mm/min, swing width: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 210A to 250A, welding voltage: 25V-26V, welding speed: 0.2 mm/min-0.3 mm/min, swing width: 2.8 mm-3.0 mm, swing arc frequency: 3.5-4Hz, protective gas: and 99.99% of Ar gas by volume fraction.
In step 4, the extension lengths of the welding wires of the steel side and the transition layer are as follows: 15mm, wire stick out length on copper side: 11mm, interlayer cooling temperature of steel side and transition layer: 120-160 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: 80-100 ℃.
The steel plates used in the embodiments 1 to 5 are Q235 steel plates, the low-carbon steel welding wires are CHW50-C6 welding wires, the transition layer welding wires are Ni-based flux-cored welding wires prepared in the step 1, the pure copper welding wires are S201 welding wires, the size of the steel plates is 200mm × 50mm, × 5mm, and the wire diameters of the three welding wires are as follows:
example 1
Step 1: firstly, weighing metal powder with the sum of 100 percent by mass according to the weight percentage of 86 percent of Ni powder, 5 percent of Mn powder, 7 percent of Si powder and 2 percent of Cu powder. And (3) putting the weighed metal powder into an automatic powder mixer for mixing, putting the mixture into a vacuum ring furnace for heating to 200 ℃, and preserving heat. Then placing the pure copper strip on a wire drawing machine, filling the mixed metal powder into the copper strip, and finally reducing the diameter to 1.2mm through a drawing process for later use; the filling rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored wire is 22 wt%;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the transition layer Ni-based flux-cored welding wire and the pure copper welding wire, namely wiping by using absolute ethyl alcohol cloth, and drying in a vacuum tube furnace at the drying temperature: 40 ℃;
and step 3: the dimensional specification is as follows: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate with the thickness of 200mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, and then putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, wherein the cleaning time is as follows: and 15 min. After being dried, the dried mixture is put into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment, and the preheating temperature is as follows: 200 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technology. Firstly, a steel layer is built up based on a low-carbon steel welding wire, then a gradient transition layer is built up based on a Ni-based flux-cored welding wire, and finally a copper layer is built up based on a pure copper welding wire. The steel side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 220A, welding voltage: 21V, welding speed: 0.2mm/min, swing width: 3.2mm, swing arc frequency: 4.5Hz, protective gas: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 220A, welding voltage: 23V, welding speed: 0.15mm/min, swing width: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 210A, welding voltage: 25V, welding speed: 0.2mm/min, swing width: 2.8mm, swing arc frequency: 3.5Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent, and the interlayer cooling temperature of the steel side and the transition layer is controlled in the welding process: 120 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: 80 ℃. Finally, the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure is obtained.
The mechanical property detection of the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure prepared by the method of the embodiment 1 shows that the mechanical property of the thin-wall component is as follows: the tensile strength is 294.759MPa, the yield strength is 189.434MPa, the impact energy at room temperature is 38J, the splashing is small in the welding process, the weld joint formability is good, and the wall structure has no crack and slag inclusion defects.
Example 2
Step 1: firstly, weighing metal powder with the sum of 100 percent by mass according to the weight percentage of 87 percent of Ni powder, 4 percent of Mn powder, 6 percent of Si powder and 3 percent of Cu powder. And (3) putting the weighed metal powder into an automatic powder mixer for mixing, putting the mixture into a vacuum ring furnace for heating to 200 ℃, and preserving heat. Then placing the pure copper strip on a wire drawing machine, filling the mixed metal powder into the copper strip, and finally reducing the diameter to 1.2mm through a drawing process for later use; the filling rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored wire is 25 wt%;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the transition layer Ni-based flux-cored welding wire and the pure copper welding wire, namely wiping by using absolute ethyl alcohol cloth, and drying in a vacuum tube furnace at the drying temperature: 42 ℃;
and step 3: the dimensional specification is as follows: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate with the thickness of 200mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, and then putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, wherein the cleaning time is as follows: and (4) 18 min. After being dried, the dried mixture is put into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment, and the preheating temperature is as follows: 220 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technology. Firstly, a steel layer is built up based on a low-carbon steel welding wire, then a gradient transition layer is built up based on a Ni-based flux-cored welding wire, and finally a copper layer is built up based on a pure copper welding wire. The steel side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 222A, welding voltage: 21.5V, welding speed: 0.25mm/min, swing width: 3.3mm, swing arc frequency: 4.7Hz, protective gas: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 225A, welding voltage: 23.5V, welding speed: 0.2mm/min, swingWidth: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 220A, welding voltage: 25V, welding speed: 0.2mm/min, swing width: 2.9mm, swing arc frequency: 3.6Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent, and the interlayer cooling temperature of the steel side and the transition layer is controlled in the welding process: 130 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: 85 ℃. Finally, the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure is obtained.
The mechanical property detection of the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure prepared by the method of the embodiment 2 shows that the mechanical property of the thin-wall component is as follows: the tensile strength is 352.712MPa, the yield strength is 241.225MPa, the impact energy at room temperature is 45J, the splashing is small in the welding process, the weld joint formability is good, and the wall structure has no crack and slag inclusion defects.
Example 3
Step 1: firstly, weighing metal powder with the sum of 100 percent by mass according to the weight percentage of 88 percent of Ni powder, 4 percent of Mn powder, 6 percent of Si powder and 2 percent of Cu powder. And (3) putting the weighed metal powder into an automatic powder mixer for mixing, putting the mixture into a vacuum ring furnace for heating to 200 ℃, and preserving heat. Then placing the pure copper strip on a wire drawing machine, filling the mixed metal powder into the copper strip, and finally reducing the diameter to 1.2mm through a drawing process for later use; the filling rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored wire is 23 wt%;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the transition layer Ni-based flux-cored welding wire and the pure copper welding wire, namely wiping by using absolute ethyl alcohol cloth, and drying in a vacuum tube furnace at the drying temperature: 50 ℃;
and step 3: the dimensional specification is as follows: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate with the thickness of 200mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, and then putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, wherein the cleaning time is as follows: and 20 min. After being dried, the dried mixture is put into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment, and the preheating temperature is as follows: 250 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technology. Firstly, a steel layer is built up on the basis of a low-carbon steel welding wire, and then, the steel layer is built up on the basis of a Ni baseFlux-cored wire build-up of gradient transition layers, and finally build-up of copper layers based on pure copper wires. The steel side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 223A, welding voltage: 21.5V, welding speed: 0.25mm/min, swing width: 3.3mm, swing arc frequency: 4.8Hz, protective gas: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 230A, welding voltage: 23.5V, welding speed: 0.2mm/min, swing width: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 230A, welding voltage: 25.5V, welding speed: 0.25mm/min, swing width: 2.9mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent, and the interlayer cooling temperature of the steel side and the transition layer is controlled in the welding process: 140 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: at 90 ℃. Finally, the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure is obtained.
The macro morphology of the thin-wall structure after copper-steel gradient compounding is shown in figure 1, the micro morphology of the center of the welding seam of the transition layer of the thin-wall structure is shown in figure 2, and the micro morphology of the joint of the transition layer and the copper side interface of the thin-wall structure is shown in figure 3.
As can be seen from figure 1, the copper-steel gradient composite thin-wall structure obtained by the preparation method has good formability and does not have obvious collapse phenomenon.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the transition layer is a cellular dendritic structure which is a three-phase structure of Fe-Ni-Cu, and the internal structure distribution is very uniform.
As can be seen from fig. 3, no distinct interface between the Ni-based-transition layer and the copper side is present, and a graded inter-bond has been formed. The copper side can find that larger-particle Fe balls or the agglomeration tendency of Fe does not appear in the iron bleeding phenomenon, and the mechanical property test finds that the diffusion form of Fe is changed after the transition layer is added, so that the mechanical property of the thin-wall structure is better.
The mechanical property detection of the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure prepared by the method in the embodiment 3 shows that the mechanical property of the thin-wall component is as follows: the tensile strength is 359.41MPa, the yield strength is 234.108MPa, the impact energy at room temperature is 46J, the splashing is small in the welding process, the weld joint formability is good, and the wall structure has no crack and slag inclusion defects.
Example 4
Step 1: firstly, 89% of Ni powder, 3% of Mn powder, 6% of Si powder and 2% of Cu powder are weighed, and the sum of the mass percentages of the metal powders is 100%. And (3) putting the weighed metal powder into an automatic powder mixer for mixing, putting the mixture into a vacuum ring furnace for heating to 200 ℃, and preserving heat. Then placing the pure copper strip on a wire drawing machine, filling the mixed metal powder into the copper strip, and finally reducing the diameter to 1.2mm through a drawing process for later use; the filling rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored wire is 23 wt%;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the transition layer Ni-based flux-cored welding wire and the pure copper welding wire, namely wiping by using absolute ethyl alcohol cloth, and drying in a vacuum tube furnace at the drying temperature: 55 ℃;
and step 3: the dimensional specification is as follows: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate with the thickness of 200mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, and then putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, wherein the cleaning time is as follows: and 15 min. After being dried, the dried mixture is put into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment, and the preheating temperature is as follows: 270 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technology. Firstly, a steel layer is built up based on a low-carbon steel welding wire, then a gradient transition layer is built up based on a Ni-based flux-cored welding wire, and finally a copper layer is built up based on a pure copper welding wire. The steel side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 224A, welding voltage: 22V, welding speed: 0.25mm/min, swing width: 3.4mm, swing arc frequency: 4.9Hz, protective gas: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 235A, welding voltage: 23.5V, welding speed: 0.2mm/min, swing width: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding ofCurrent: 240A, welding voltage: 25.5V, welding speed: 0.25mm/min, swing width: 2.9mm, swing arc frequency: 3.9Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent, and the interlayer cooling temperature of the steel side and the transition layer is controlled in the welding process: 150 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: 95 ℃. Finally, the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure is obtained.
The mechanical property detection of the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure prepared by the method in the embodiment 4 shows that the mechanical property of the thin-wall component is as follows: the tensile strength is 323.284MPa, the yield strength is 207.675MPa, the impact energy at room temperature is 42J, the splashing is small in the welding process, the weld joint formability is good, and the wall structure has no crack and slag inclusion defects.
Example 5
Step 1: firstly, weighing metal powder with the sum of 100 percent by mass according to the weight percentage of 90 percent of Ni powder, 3 percent of Mn powder, 6 percent of Si powder and 1 percent of Cu powder. And (3) putting the weighed metal powder into an automatic powder mixer for mixing, putting the mixture into a vacuum ring furnace for heating to 200 ℃, and preserving heat. Then placing the pure copper strip on a wire drawing machine, filling the mixed metal powder into the copper strip, and finally reducing the diameter to 1.2mm through a drawing process for later use; the filling rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored wire is 23 wt%;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the transition layer Ni-based flux-cored welding wire and the pure copper welding wire, namely wiping by using absolute ethyl alcohol cloth, and drying in a vacuum tube furnace at the drying temperature: 60 ℃;
and step 3: the dimensional specification is as follows: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate with the thickness of 200mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 5mm, and then putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, wherein the cleaning time is as follows: and (3) 30 min. After being dried, the dried mixture is put into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment, and the preheating temperature is as follows: 300 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) technology. Firstly, a steel layer is built up based on a low-carbon steel welding wire, then a gradient transition layer is built up based on a Ni-based flux-cored welding wire, and finally a copper layer is built up based on a pure copper welding wire. The steel side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current:225A, welding voltage: 22V, welding speed: 0.3mm/min, swing width: 3.4mm, swing arc frequency: 5Hz, protective gas: 90% Ar + 10% CO2The mixed gas of (3); the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 235A, welding voltage: 24V, welding speed: 0.25mm/min, swing width: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 250A, welding voltage: 26V, welding speed: 0.3mm/min, swing width: 3.0mm, swing arc frequency: 4Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent, and the interlayer cooling temperature of the steel side and the transition layer is controlled in the welding process: 160 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: at 100 ℃. Finally, the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure is obtained.
The mechanical property detection of the copper-steel base gradient composite thin-wall structure prepared by the method in the embodiment 5 shows that the mechanical property of the thin-wall component is as follows: the tensile strength is 334.619MPa, the yield strength is 215.051MPa, the impact energy at room temperature is 44J, the splashing is small in the welding process, the weld joint formability is good, and the wall structure has no crack and slag inclusion defects.
The invention discloses a transition layer flux-cored wire, which is developed for an electric arc additive copper-steel heterostructure part, and a gradient transition layer is added in the welding process of copper and steel heterostructure materials, so that a gradient combination form can be achieved between the transition layer and the steel and between the transition layer and the copper, the welding defect caused by direct connection of the copper and the steel is avoided, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the part is improved. The preparation method of the invention can also shorten the production period of the copper-steel composite part and improve the utilization rate of materials based on the electric arc additive manufacturing technology so as to save the manufacturing cost.
Claims (8)
1. The Ni-based flux-cored wire is characterized by comprising a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni powder: 86% -90%, Mn powder: 3% -5%, Si powder: 6% -7%, Cu powder: the balance, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
2. The Ni-based flux-cored welding wire of claim 1, wherein the skin is a pure copper strip and the fill rate of the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored welding wire is 22 wt% to 25 wt%.
3. A method for preparing a copper-steel based gradient composite material based on a Ni-based flux-cored wire as a transition layer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: weighing the following components in percentage by mass: ni powder: 86% -90%, Mn powder: 3% -5%, Si powder: 6% -7%, Cu powder: the balance, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
the weighed metal powder is used as a flux core, a pure copper strip is used as a welding skin, and a required Ni-based flux-cored wire is manufactured through a wire forming machine;
step 2: respectively carrying out surface treatment on the low-carbon steel welding wire, the pure copper welding wire and the Ni-based flux-cored welding wire for the transition layer prepared in the step 1: cleaning and drying;
and step 3: mechanically cleaning the surface of a carbon steel plate, putting the carbon steel plate into an ultrasonic instrument for absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning, airing the carbon steel plate, and putting the carbon steel plate into a vacuum box type heating furnace for preheating treatment;
and 4, step 4: performing layer-by-layer surfacing on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate by utilizing a consumable electrode gas shielded welding technology: firstly, a steel layer is built up on the basis of a low-carbon steel welding wire, then a gradient transition layer is built up on the basis of a Ni-based flux-cored welding wire, and finally a copper layer is built up on the basis of a pure copper welding wire, so that a copper-steel-based gradient composite thin-wall structure is finally obtained.
4. The method for preparing the copper-steel based gradient composite material based on the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the low-carbon steel wire is: CHW50-C6 welding wire; the pure copper welding wire is: s201, welding wires.
5. The method for preparing the copper-steel based gradient composite material based on the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the low-carbon steel wire, the pure copper wire and the Ni-based flux-cored wire are respectively subjected to surface treatment as follows: wiping the surface of the welding wire by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and then drying at the temperature of 40-60 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the copper-steel based gradient composite material based on the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3, the low-carbon steel plate is as follows: q235 steel plate, the ultrasonic cleaning time is: 15 min-30 min, the preheating temperature is as follows: 200-300 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the copper-steel based gradient composite material based on the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4, the specific parameters of the steel side welding process are as follows: welding current: 220A to 225A, welding voltage: 21V-22V, welding speed: 0.2 mm/min-0.3 mm/min, swing width: 3.2 mm-3.4 mm, swing arc frequency: 4.5-5Hz, protective gas: volume fraction of 90% Ar + volume fraction of 10% CO2The sum of the volume percentages of the components is 100 percent; the transition layer welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 220A to 235A, welding voltage: 23V-24V, welding speed: 0.15 mm/min-0.25 mm/min, swing width: 3mm, swing arc frequency: 3.8Hz, protective gas: ar gas with the volume fraction of 99.99 percent; the copper side welding process comprises the following specific parameters: welding current: 210A to 250A, welding voltage: 25V-26V, welding speed: 0.2 mm/min-0.3 mm/min, swing width: 2.8 mm-3.0 mm, swing arc frequency: 3.5-4Hz, protective gas: and 99.99% of Ar gas by volume fraction.
8. The method for preparing the copper-steel based gradient composite material based on the Ni-based flux-cored wire as the transition layer according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4, the wire extension lengths of the steel side and the transition layer are as follows: 15mm, wire stick out length on copper side: 11mm, interlayer cooling temperature of steel side and transition layer: 120-160 ℃, interlayer cooling temperature of copper side: 80-100 ℃.
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