CN112931902A

CN112931902A - Belt cleaning device is used to navel orange packing

Info

Publication number: CN112931902A
Application number: CN202110272178.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟勇
Original assignee: Chongyi Longrun Fruit Industry Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongyi Longrun Fruit Industry Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-12
Filing date: 2021-03-12
Publication date: 2021-06-11

Abstract

The invention relates to a cleaning device, in particular to a cleaning device for navel orange packaging. Need design one kind and make things convenient for people to wash the navel orange, labour saving and time saving, work efficiency is high, and can carry out the belt cleaning device for navel orange packing that filters to the navel orange. A belt cleaning device is used to navel orange packing, including: the wave-shaped supporting blocks are arranged on the base at intervals; the protective cover is arranged on the base; the circulating water tank is arranged on the base; and the driving mechanism is arranged on the base and the circulating water tank and used for providing power. According to the navel orange cleaning device, a proper amount of navel oranges are poured into the cleaning box, the circulating water tank enables clean water to flow repeatedly, the servo motor is started, the Roots blower is operated to discharge air into the aeration pipe, the clean water is in a boiling-like state to clean the navel oranges, meanwhile, the driving rotating shaft rotates forwards to drive the spiral plate to rotate forwards to enable the navel oranges to move rightwards, and therefore the navel oranges can be cleaned conveniently by people, time and labor are saved, and the working efficiency is high.

Description

Belt cleaning device is used to navel orange packing

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cleaning device, in particular to a cleaning device for navel orange packaging.

Background

Navel orange, a dicotyledonous plant of the genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae. When the navel oranges need to be packaged, the navel oranges need to be cleaned firstly. At present, most of people manually wash navel oranges, firstly, an operator pours a proper amount of navel oranges into a collection container, and then adds a proper amount of clear water into the collection container, stirs the navel oranges repeatedly to wash.

Therefore, the navel orange packaging cleaning device which is convenient for people to clean the navel oranges, time-saving and labor-saving, high in working efficiency and capable of screening the navel oranges is needed to be designed so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects that the hands need to move ceaselessly, the time is long, the labor is wasted, the working efficiency is low, and the navel oranges need to be screened subsequently, which is very troublesome, the invention aims to provide the navel orange packaging cleaning device which is convenient for people to clean the navel oranges, time-saving and labor-saving, high in working efficiency and capable of screening the navel oranges.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a belt cleaning device is used to navel orange packing, including: the wave-shaped supporting blocks are arranged on the base at intervals; the protective cover is arranged on the base; the circulating water tank is arranged on the base; the driving mechanism is arranged on the base and the circulating water tank and used for providing power; and the aeration mechanism is arranged between the driving mechanism and the base and is used for cleaning.

Further, the driving mechanism includes: the servo motor is arranged on the base; the cleaning box is arranged on the base and is fixedly connected and communicated with the circulating water tank; the fixed block is arranged on the cleaning box; the driving rotating shaft is rotatably arranged between the fixed block and the cleaning box and is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the servo motor; the pushing spiral plate is arranged on the driving rotating shaft.

Further, the aeration mechanism comprises: the roots type blower is arranged on the base; the first transmission assembly is arranged between the Roots blower and the driving rotating shaft; the aeration pipe is arranged on the cleaning box and is fixedly connected and communicated with the roots blower; the air guide fan blades are symmetrically arranged on the aeration pipe; the filter screen cloth, filter screen cloth quantity is two, and filter screen cloth installs on wasing the case.

Further, still including filter mechanism, filter mechanism is including: the fixed worm is rotatably arranged on the cleaning box and fixedly connected with the driving rotating shaft; the positioning shaft is rotatably arranged on the cleaning box; the worm wheel is arranged on the positioning shaft and meshed with the fixedly connected worm; the driving gear is rotatably arranged on the cleaning box; the second transmission assembly is arranged between the driving gear and the positioning shaft; the fixed cross rod is arranged on the cleaning box; the fixed three-blade plate is rotatably arranged on the fixed cross rod; the internal tooth sieve mesh roller is arranged on the fixed three-blade plate.

Further, still including sorting mechanism, sorting mechanism is including: the hinged rolling shafts are rotatably arranged between the protective covers; the operation display wheel is arranged on the hinged rolling shaft; the number of the material receiving boxes is two, and the material receiving boxes are arranged on the base; the blanking guide hopper is arranged on the material receiving box and communicated with the material receiving box; the primary blanking belt component is rotatably arranged between the base and one of the material receiving boxes; the fixed rotating shaft is arranged on the primary blanking belt assembly; the third transmission assembly is arranged between the fixed rotating shaft and the hinged rolling shaft; the primary transmission rotating shaft is rotatably arranged on the primary blanking belt assembly; the fixed speed transmission components are symmetrically arranged on the primary transmission rotating shaft; the gear transmission assembly is arranged between the fixed rotating shaft and the fixed speed transmission assembly; the second-stage transmission rotating wheel is symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the first-stage transmission rotating shaft; the special-shaped driving rotating wheel is symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the primary transmission rotating shaft, is meshed with the fixed transmission assembly, and is also meshed with the secondary transmission rotating wheel; the secondary transmission component is arranged between the primary transmission rotating shaft and the primary blanking belt component; and the backflow guide plate is arranged on the first-level blanking belt assembly.

Further, still including collecting the mechanism, collect the mechanism including: the number of the positioning plates is two, and the positioning plates are arranged on the fixed cross rod; the collecting box is arranged between the two positioning plates; the filter screen is arranged on the collecting box.

Further, still including feed mechanism, feed mechanism is including: the number of the fixed upright columns is four, and the fixed upright columns are arranged on the cleaning box at intervals; the discharging barrel is arranged among the four fixed stand columns; the splash guard is arranged on the cleaning box.

Further, the splash guard is arc-shaped.

The beneficial effects are that:

1. in pouring into the washing case through right amount of navel orange, circulation tank makes the clear water flow repeatedly, starts servo motor, and in roots's formula blower function discharged the air into the aeration pipe, the clear water just also was the boiling state and washs the navel orange, and simultaneously, initiative pivot corotation drives and promotes the spiral plate corotation and makes the navel orange move right, so, can make things convenient for people to wash the navel orange, labour saving and time saving, work efficiency is high.

2. Through the effect of sorting mechanism, can filter the navel orange, so, can filter the navel orange that washs the completion.

3. Through the effect of collecting the mechanism, can make in debris get into the collecting box, so, can conveniently collect the impurity of clear water.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first partial body structure according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of part a of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of part B of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second partial body structure according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of part C of the present invention.

Number designation in the figures: 1. a base, 2, a wave-shaped supporting block, 3, a protective cover, 4, a circulating water tank, 5, a driving mechanism, 51, a servo motor, 52, a cleaning box, 53, a driving rotating shaft, 54, a pushing spiral plate, 55, a fixed block, 6, an aeration mechanism, 61, a first transmission component, 62, a Roots blower, 63, an aeration pipe, 64, an air guide fan blade, 65, a filtering screen, 7, a filtering mechanism, 71, a fixed worm, 72, a positioning shaft, 73, a worm wheel, 74, a second transmission component, 75, a driving gear, 76, an internal tooth roller, 77, a fixed three-blade plate, 78, a fixed cross rod, 8, a sorting mechanism, 81, a hinged roller, 82, a fixed rotating shaft, 83, a running display wheel, 84, a third transmission component, 85, a gear transmission component, 86, a special-shaped driving rotating wheel, 87, a fixed transmission component, 88, a primary transmission rotating shaft, 89, a secondary transmission rotating wheel, 810. one-level unloading belt subassembly, 811, second grade transmission assembly, 812, backward flow baffle, 813, unloading are led and are fought, 814, connect the workbin, 9, collection mechanism, 91, collecting box, 92, locating plate, 93, filter screen, 10, feed mechanism, 101, feed cylinder, 102, splashproof baffle, 103, fixed stand.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A cleaning device for navel orange packaging is shown in figures 1-3 and comprises a base 1, wave-shaped supporting blocks 2, a protective cover 3, a circulating water tank 4, a driving mechanism 5 and an aeration mechanism 6, wherein the wave-shaped supporting blocks 2 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the base 1 at intervals, the protective cover 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base 1, the circulating water tank 4 is fixedly connected to the front portion of the left side of the bottom of the base 1, the driving mechanism 5 is arranged between the base 1 and the circulating water tank 4, and the aeration mechanism 6 is arranged between the driving mechanism 5 and the base 1.

Actuating mechanism 5 is including servo motor 51, wash case 52, initiative pivot 53, promote spiral plate 54 and fixed block 55, bottom left side middle part rigid coupling has servo motor 51 in base 1, bottom left side middle part rigid coupling has washing case 52 in base 1, wash case 52 and 4 fixed connection of circulating water tank and intercommunication, bottom right side rigid coupling has fixed block 55 in the washing case 52, fixed block 55 middle part and wash the case 52 left side middle part between the rotary type be equipped with initiative pivot 53, initiative pivot 53 left end and servo motor 51's output shaft fixed connection, initiative pivot 53 right part circumference rigid coupling has promotion spiral plate 54.

Aeration mechanism 6 is including first drive assembly 61, roots's formula blower 62, aerator pipe 63, air guide flabellum 64 and filter screen 65, bottom left side rear portion rigid coupling has roots's formula blower 62 in base 1, be connected with first drive assembly 61 between roots's formula blower 62's transmission shaft and the initiative pivot 53 left part circumference, it is equipped with aerator pipe 63 to wash the case 52 left part, aerator pipe 63 and roots's formula blower 62 fixed connection and intercommunication, aerator pipe 63 all the rotary type in the left and right sides is equipped with air guide flabellum 64, it has two filter screen 65 to wash case 52 medial surface lower part rigid coupling.

Firstly, an operator pours a proper amount of navel oranges into the cleaning box 52, the circulating water tank 4 enables clean water to flow repeatedly, the servo motor 51 is started, the servo motor 51 drives the first transmission component 61 to rotate positively, the first transmission component 61 rotates positively to drive the roots blower 62 to operate, the roots blower 62 operates to discharge air into the aeration pipe 63, the air guide fan blades 64 rotate to enable the clean water to be in a boiling-like state, the navel oranges are cleaned, the filter screen 65 can prevent sundries from flowing back into the circulating water tank 4, meanwhile, the servo motor 51 also drives the driving rotating shaft 53 to rotate positively, the driving rotating shaft 53 rotates positively to drive the pushing spiral plate 54 to rotate positively, the pushing spiral plate 54 rotates positively to drive the navel orange to move rightwards, when the navel orange is cleaned, the servo motor 51 is closed, the Roots blower 62 stops operating, and the driving rotating shaft 53 stops driving the spiral plate 54 to rotate forward, and then the navel orange is taken out for subsequent treatment.

Example 2

On the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, the present invention further comprises a filtering mechanism 7, the filtering mechanism 7 comprises a fixed worm 71, a positioning shaft 72, a worm wheel 73, a second transmission assembly 74, a driving gear 75, an internal-tooth sieve-mesh drum 76, a fixed three-blade plate 77 and a fixed cross bar 78, the fixed worm 71 is rotatably disposed at the right side of the bottom in the cleaning box 52, the left end of the fixed worm 71 is fixedly connected with the right end of the driving rotating shaft 53, the positioning shaft 72 is rotatably disposed at the lower right side of the cleaning box 52, the worm wheel 73 is fixedly connected to the middle of the positioning shaft 72, the worm wheel 73 is engaged with the fixed worm 71, the driving gear 75 is rotatably disposed at the upper right side of the cleaning box 52, the second transmission assembly 74 is connected between the circumferential direction of the rear portion of the driving gear 75 and the circumferential direction of the positioning shaft 72, the fixed cross bar 78 is fixedly connected to the, an internal tooth sieve pore roller 76 is fixedly connected to the outer side surface of the fixed three-blade plate 77, and the driving gear 75 is meshed with the teeth of the internal tooth sieve pore roller 76.

The automatic sorting machine further comprises a sorting mechanism 8, wherein the sorting mechanism 8 comprises a hinged rolling shaft 81, a fixed rotating shaft 82, an operation display wheel 83, a third transmission component 84, a gear transmission component 85, a special-shaped driving rotating wheel 86, a fixed transmission component 87, a first-stage transmission rotating shaft 88, a second-stage transmission rotating wheel 89, a first-stage blanking belt component 810, a second-stage transmission component 811, a backflow guide plate 812, a blanking guide hopper 813 and a material receiving box 814, the hinged rolling shaft 81 is rotatably arranged between the middle of the front side surface of the fixed three-blade plate 77 and the middle of the protective cover 3, the operation display wheel 83 is fixedly connected at the front end of the hinged rolling shaft 81, two material receiving boxes 814 are arranged at the right side of the bottom in the base 1, the blanking guide hoppers 813 are arranged on the material receiving boxes 814 and communicated, the first-stage blanking belt component 810 is rotatably arranged between the right side of the bottom in the base 1 and the outer top of the left material receiving box 814, the, one-level unloading belt subassembly 810 middle part rotary type is equipped with one-level transmission pivot 88, one-level transmission pivot 88 upwards is symmetrical rigid coupling around upwards in week has fixed biography fast subassembly 87, be connected with gear drive subassembly 85 between fixed biography fast subassembly 87 circumference and the fixed pivot 82 circumference, one-level transmission pivot 88 upwards is equipped with second grade transmission runner 89 to the rotary type around upwards in week, one-level transmission pivot 88 upwards is symmetrical rotary type around upwards in week is equipped with special-shaped drive runner 86, special-shaped drive runner 86 meshes with fixed biography fast subassembly 87, special-shaped drive runner 86 still meshes with second grade transmission runner 89, the rotary type is equipped with second grade transmission subassembly 811 between one-level transmission pivot 88 circumference and the one-level unloading belt subassembly 810 left part, one-level unloading belt subassembly 810 bottom.

When the servo motor 51 is started, the driving rotating shaft 53 positively rotates to drive the fixed connection worm 71 to positively rotate, the fixed connection worm 71 positively rotates to drive the worm wheel 73 to positively rotate, the worm wheel 73 positively rotates to drive the positioning shaft 72 to positively rotate, the positioning shaft 72 positively rotates to drive the second transmission assembly 74 to positively rotate, the second transmission assembly 74 positively rotates to drive the internal tooth sieve pore roller 76 to positively rotate, the internal tooth sieve pore roller 76 positively rotates to throw in sundries floating on the water surface, after the navel orange is cleaned, the driving rotating shaft 53 stops driving the worm wheel 73 to positively rotate through the fixed connection worm 71, and the internal tooth sieve pore roller 76 also stops positively rotating, so that excessive sundries remaining in the.

When the servo motor 51 is started, the internal tooth sieve pore roller 76 rotates positively to drive the fixed three-leaf plate 77 to rotate positively, the fixed three-leaf plate 77 drives the hinged roller 81 to rotate positively, the hinged roller 81 rotates positively to drive the third transmission component 84 to rotate positively, the third transmission component 84 rotates positively to drive the fixed rotating shaft 82 to rotate positively, the fixed rotating shaft 82 rotates positively to drive the gear transmission component 85 to rotate positively, the gear transmission component 85 rotates positively to drive the fixed transmission component 87 to rotate positively, the fixed transmission component 87 rotates positively to drive the primary transmission rotating shaft 88 to rotate positively, the primary transmission rotating shaft 88 rotates positively to drive the special-shaped driving rotating wheel 86 to rotate positively, the special-shaped driving rotating wheel 86 drives the secondary transmission rotating wheel 89 to rotate positively, the secondary transmission rotating wheel 89 rotates positively to drive the secondary transmission component 811 to rotate positively, the secondary transmission component 811 drives the navel orange in the cleaning box 52 to move rightwards, when the, and the corotation speed of the first-level blanking belt component 810 is higher than the corotation speed of the second-level transmission component 811, so that the distance between the first-level blanking belt components 810 is increased, qualified navel oranges are rightwards moved by the corotation of the first-level blanking belt components 810, fall into the right material receiving box 814 through the right material receiving guide hopper 813, unqualified navel oranges fall into the first-level blanking belt components 810, fall into the left material receiving box 814 through the left material receiving guide hopper 813, and can be screened again through the backflow guide plate 812, after all navel oranges are cleaned, the internal tooth sieve mesh roller 76 stops corotation driving the hinged roller 81 to corotation through the fixed three-leaf plate 77, the first-level blanking belt components 810 also stop corotation, and then the navel oranges in the two material receiving boxes 814 are respectively taken out for subsequent treatment, and therefore.

Example 3

On the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the collecting device further comprises a collecting mechanism 9, the collecting mechanism 9 comprises a collecting box 91, a positioning plate 92 and a filter screen 93, the bottom of the fixed cross rod 78 is fixedly connected with two positioning plates 92, the collecting box 91 is fixedly connected between the outer side surfaces of the two positioning plates 92, and the filter screen 93 is fixedly connected to the left part of the inner side surface of the collecting box 91.

Still including feed mechanism 10, feed mechanism 10 is including feed cylinder 101, splashproof baffle 102 and fixed stand 103, and the interval rigid coupling in the left side of the outer top of washing case 52 has four fixed stands 103, and the rigid coupling has feed cylinder 101 between four fixed stand 103 tops, and the left side rigid coupling in the outer top of washing case 52 has splashproof baffle 102.

When the internal tooth sieve mesh roller 76 positively rotates to throw in the sundries on the clean water, the sundries enter the collecting box 91, and the filter screen 93 filters the sundries, so that the impurities of the clean water can be conveniently collected.

Firstly, the operator pours a proper amount of navel oranges into the feeding barrel 101, and then the navel oranges fall into the cleaning box 52 one by one, and the splash guard 102 can prevent water from splashing. Therefore, people can conveniently carry out blanking on the navel orange.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and therefore, all equivalent changes made by the contents of the claims of the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a belt cleaning device is used to navel orange packing which characterized in that, including:

the wave-shaped supporting blocks (2) are arranged on the base (1) at intervals;

the protective cover (3), the protective cover (3) is installed on the base (1);

the circulating water tank (4), the circulating water tank (4) is installed on the base (1);

the driving mechanism (5) is arranged on the base (1) and the circulating water tank (4) and is used for providing power;

and the aeration mechanism (6) is arranged between the driving mechanism (5) and the base (1) and is used for cleaning.

2. The apparatus for cleaning navel orange package according to claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism (5) comprises:

the servo motor (51), the servo motor (51) is installed on the base (1);

the cleaning box (52), the cleaning box (52) is arranged on the base (1), and the cleaning box (52) is fixedly connected and communicated with the circulating water tank (4);

the fixed block (55), the fixed block (55) is installed on the cleaning box (52);

the driving rotating shaft (53), the driving rotating shaft (53) is rotatably arranged between the fixed block (55) and the cleaning box (52), and the driving rotating shaft (53) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the servo motor (51);

a pushing spiral plate (54), wherein the pushing spiral plate (54) is arranged on the driving rotating shaft (53).

3. The washing apparatus for navel orange packing according to claim 2, wherein the aeration mechanism (6) comprises:

the roots type blower (62), the roots type blower (62) is installed on the base (1);

a first drive assembly (61), the first drive assembly (61) being mounted between the roots-type blower (62) and the drive shaft (53);

the aeration pipe (63), the aeration pipe (63) is installed on the cleaning box (52), and the aeration pipe (63) is fixedly connected and communicated with the roots type blower (62);

the air guide fan blades (64), the air guide fan blades (64) are symmetrically arranged on the aeration pipe (63);

the number of the filter screens (65) is two, and the filter screens (65) are installed on the cleaning tank (52).

4. The cleaning device for navel orange packing according to claim 3, further comprising a filtering mechanism (7), wherein the filtering mechanism (7) comprises:

the fixed connection worm (71), the fixed connection worm (71) is rotatably arranged on the cleaning box (52), and the fixed connection worm (71) is fixedly connected with the driving rotating shaft (53);

the positioning shaft (72), the positioning shaft (72) is installed on the cleaning box (52) in a rotating mode;

the worm wheel (73), the worm wheel (73) is installed on locating shaft (72), the worm wheel (73) engages with building in worm (71);

a drive gear (75), the drive gear (75) is rotatably mounted on the cleaning box (52);

the second transmission assembly (74), the second transmission assembly (74) is installed between the driving gear (75) and the positioning shaft (72);

the fixed cross bar (78), the fixed cross bar (78) is installed on the cleaning box (52);

the fixed three-blade plate (77), the fixed three-blade plate (77) is rotatably installed on the fixed cross bar (78);

an internal tooth sieve mesh roller (76), the internal tooth sieve mesh roller (76) is arranged on the fixed three-blade plate (77).

5. The cleaning device for navel orange packing of claim 4, further comprising a sorting mechanism (8), wherein the sorting mechanism (8) comprises:

the hinged rolling shafts (81), the hinged rolling shafts (81) are rotatably arranged between the protective covers (3);

the operation display wheel (83), the operation display wheel (83) is installed on the hinged roller (81);

the number of the material receiving boxes (814) is two, and the material receiving boxes (814) are arranged on the base (1);

the blanking guide hopper (813), the blanking guide hopper (813) is installed on the material receiving box (814) and communicated with the material receiving box;

the primary blanking belt component (810), the primary blanking belt component (810) is rotatably arranged between the base (1) and one of the material receiving boxes (814);

the fixed rotating shaft (82), the fixed rotating shaft (82) is arranged on the primary blanking belt assembly (810);

the third transmission assembly (84), the third transmission assembly (84) is installed between the fixed rotating shaft (82) and the hinged roller (81);

the primary transmission rotating shaft (88), the primary transmission rotating shaft (88) is rotatably arranged on the primary blanking belt assembly (810);

the fixed transmission assembly (87), the fixed transmission assembly (87) is symmetrically arranged on the primary transmission rotating shaft (88);

the gear transmission assembly (85), the gear transmission assembly (85) is installed between the fixed rotating shaft (82) and the fixed transmission assembly (87);

the secondary transmission rotating wheel (89) is symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the primary transmission rotating shaft (88);

the special-shaped driving rotating wheel (86), the special-shaped driving rotating wheel (86) is symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the primary transmission rotating shaft (88), the special-shaped driving rotating wheel (86) is meshed with the fixed transmission component (87), and the special-shaped driving rotating wheel (86) is also meshed with the secondary transmission rotating wheel (89);

the secondary transmission component (811), the secondary transmission component (811) is arranged between the primary transmission rotating shaft (88) and the primary blanking belt component (810);

and the return guide plate (812), and the return guide plate (812) is arranged on the primary blanking belt assembly (810).

6. The cleaning device for navel orange packing according to claim 5, further comprising a collecting mechanism (9), wherein the collecting mechanism (9) comprises:

the number of the positioning plates (92) is two, and the positioning plates (92) are arranged on the fixed cross rod (78);

the collecting box (91), the collecting box (91) is installed between the two positioning plates (92);

the filter screen (93), the filter screen (93) is installed on the collecting box (91).

7. The cleaning device for navel orange packing of claim 6, further comprising a feeding mechanism (10), wherein the feeding mechanism (10) comprises:

the number of the fixed upright posts (103) is four, and the fixed upright posts (103) are arranged on the cleaning box (52) at intervals;

the feeding barrel (101), the feeding barrel (101) is arranged among the four fixed upright posts (103);

a splash guard (102), the splash guard (102) being mounted on the wash tank (52).

8. The cleaning device for navel orange packages according to claim 7, wherein the splash guard (102) is arc-shaped.