CN112931081B - Method and structure for constructing coastal zone near beach plant community - Google Patents
Method and structure for constructing coastal zone near beach plant community Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931081B CN112931081B CN202110303144.4A CN202110303144A CN112931081B CN 112931081 B CN112931081 B CN 112931081B CN 202110303144 A CN202110303144 A CN 202110303144A CN 112931081 B CN112931081 B CN 112931081B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001494508 Arundo donax Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001667 Vitex agnus castus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000063464 Vitex agnus-castus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009347 chasteberry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011272 standard treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, and discloses a method for constructing a plant community near a beach of a coastal zone. The invention also provides a coastal zone near beach plant community construction structure. The invention has the advantages that: the method is a coastal zone restoration method taking ecological restoration as a core concept essentially, and compared with the current coastal zone management mode, the method belongs to a complete ecological management mode, has extremely low initial energy consumption, basically realizes zero energy consumption in the later stage, realizes ecological restoration of the coastal zone near beach, and can be maintained for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a coastal zone near-beach plant community and a construction structure thereof.
Background
Since the innovation is open, along with the population growth, the rapid economic development and the acceleration of the urban process in China, the coastal areas have unprecedented large development. But serious pollution is also accompanied, for many years, industrial waste water of industrial and mining enterprises and domestic sewage of coastal residents in considerable volume in coastal areas of China are discharged into the sea without standard treatment, and solid wastes and domestic garbage are visible at a plurality of coastal beach places, especially coastal beach places, and become areas with concentrated pollution and serious damage. The method has the advantages that the coastal zone is close to the beach, meanwhile, the beach vegetation is destructively damaged, the original windproof and wave-dissipating functions of the coastal zone are lost, and natural habitats of birds and other animals are lost. At present, water conservancy measures such as 'gray measures' of breakwaters, wave walls and the like are adopted for the repair of the coastal zone near the beach, firstly, the cost is higher, secondly, certain pollution to the sea is unavoidable in the implementation process, and the ecological attribute is avoided.
The method for restoring the coastal zone near the beach land in an ecological restoration mode is an ecological mode which can run for a long time, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly. However, it is difficult to satisfy the survival conditions of aquatic plants in ecological restoration in coastal zones near the coastal beach. The survival and propagation of plant communities in the near-beach land are realized by improving the micro-ecological conditions of the local area of the near-beach land of the coastal zone, so that the difficulty is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a structure for constructing a plant community near a beach of a coastal zone.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method for constructing the plant community near the beach of the coastal zone comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a small sea wave area in the range of the sea area to be repaired, separating a plant planting area through surrounding and isolating, and reducing sea waves by means of surrounding and isolating;
(2) The upper part of the enclosure is provided with a floating body, the lower part of the enclosure is provided with a counterweight, the enclosure is sunk to the surface of a beach and fixed by a wood pile, and the actual height of the enclosure skirt body is higher than the highest tide level, so that when the water depth changes, the enclosure can float up and down along with the floating body floating on the water surface;
(3) Raising the beach height in the planting area through terrain modification, and forming a water-facing slope;
(4) In the plant planting area, the first planting range is close to the coast area, the coastline is taken as a base line, the plants are gradually planted in the enclosing direction, and the planting range is enlarged;
(5) Breeding plant seedlings and planting the plant seedlings;
(6) The enclosure is dismantled, and after the ecological restoration of the coastal zone near the beach is finally completed, the enclosure can be dismantled for the next use; the enclosure is removed, namely the plant community is constructed in the enclosure range, after survival for 1 year, the enclosure is removed, in the process, the growth and propagation of plants are mainly used, and the artificial reseeding is used as an auxiliary.
Further, in the step (1), the region with smaller sea wave refers to a region with smaller sea wave than 0.5m.
Further, in the step (3), the terrain modification is constructed by a stone block layer, a permeable layer, a stabilizing layer and a planting layer from bottom to top, wherein the stone block layer is 30-40kg in weight and 20-30cm in size, the permeable layer is made of graded broken stone, the grain size is 2-5cm, the stabilizing layer is made of ecological concrete, and the planting layer uses beach soil with local periphery for removing sundries such as broken stone.
Further, in the step (3), after the water-facing slope is formed, a layer of ecological concrete is poured on the surface of the water-facing slope, so that the stabilization effect is achieved.
Further, in the step (4), the planting method for expanding the planting range comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a coastline as a base line, planting in a line-shaped gradually-oriented enclosing direction, and preferably, the first-batch planting is carried out for not more than 4 hours in daily inundation time;
s2, after the first planted plants survive for 1 month, the planting area is further enlarged to the periphery until the water level is deepest and the daily submerging time is not more than 8 hours.
Further, in the step (5), the plant seedling is firstly selected from the local soil plant population, and then further cultivated and domesticated to obtain the plant variety with better saline-alkali resistance and stronger wind wave resistance.
The invention also provides a plant community construction structure near the beach of the coastal zone, which comprises an enclosure skirt body and a water-facing slope for planting, wherein the enclosure skirt body surrounds the circumferential direction of the water-facing slope;
the enclosing skirt body is formed by splicing a plurality of enclosing units, each enclosing unit comprises an upper enclosing partition plate and a lower enclosing partition plate which are arranged in a staggered mode, and the upper enclosing partition plates are connected to the lower enclosing partition plates in an up-and-down sliding mode through sliding connection assemblies;
a floating body is fixedly arranged at the top of the upper enclosing partition plate, and binding belts are arranged on two sides of the floating body;
the bottom of the lower enclosing partition plate is fixedly provided with a balancing weight, and both sides of the balancing weight are provided with fixing piles in a penetrating manner;
the water-facing slope is formed by constructing a stone layer, a permeable layer, a stabilizing layer and a planting layer from bottom to top, wherein the stone layer is paved on a raw soil layer, and a vegetation layer is planted on the planting layer.
Further, the upper surrounding partition plate and the lower surrounding partition plate are provided with water-permeable net films, and the mesh diameter of the water-permeable net films is not more than 0.5mm.
Further, the sliding connection assembly comprises two groups of long-strip-shaped sliding rails and long-strip-shaped sliding blocks, the sliding rails and the sliding blocks are distributed on two sides of the enclosing unit, the sliding rails and the sliding blocks are respectively fixed on the upper enclosing partition plate and the lower enclosing partition plate along the vertical direction, the cross section of the sliding blocks is of a T-shaped structure, and sliding grooves matched with the sliding blocks are formed in the inner sides of the sliding rails and used for the sliding blocks to slide on the sliding rails.
Further, the floating body is an inflatable air bag or a foam block.
The method for constructing the plant community near the beach of the coastal zone and the construction structure thereof provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: by changing the small-range environmental conditions, plants can survive and reproduce rapidly in the coastal zone near the beach, the coastal zone restoration concept is fundamentally changed, and compared with the current coastal zone restoration mode, the method belongs to a complete ecological management mode, has extremely low energy consumption, does not pollute the sea in the implementation process, basically realizes zero energy consumption in the later period, and can operate for a long time.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of plant community construction means of the coastal zone near the beach;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the enclosure unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the enclosure unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention with respect to a water-facing slope;
marked in the figure as: 1. the device comprises a surrounding and separating unit 11, an upper surrounding and separating plate 12, a lower surrounding and separating plate 13, a sliding rail 14, a sliding block 15, a floating body 16, a balancing weight 17, a fixing pile 18, a water-permeable net film 19 and a binding belt; 2. a water-facing slope surface, 21, a vegetation layer, 22, a planting layer, 23, a stabilizing layer, 24, a permeable layer, 25, a rock block layer, 26 and a raw soil layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "provided," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The structural features of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a plant community construction structure near a beach of a coastal zone comprises a surrounding skirt body and a water-facing slope for planting, wherein the surrounding skirt body surrounds the circumference of the water-facing slope 2.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the enclosure skirt body is formed by splicing a plurality of enclosure units 1, each enclosure unit 1 comprises an upper enclosure partition plate 11 and a lower enclosure partition plate 12 which are arranged in a staggered mode, a water-permeable net film 18 is arranged on each of the upper enclosure partition plate 11 and the lower enclosure partition plate 12, and the mesh diameter of each water-permeable net film 18 is not more than 0.5mm.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the upper enclosure partition 11 is connected to the lower enclosure partition 12 in a manner of sliding up and down through a sliding connection assembly, the sliding connection assembly comprises two groups of long-strip-shaped sliding rails 13 and long-strip-shaped sliding blocks 14, the two groups of long-strip-shaped sliding rails are distributed on two sides of the enclosure unit 1, the sliding rails 13 and the sliding blocks 14 are respectively fixed on the upper enclosure partition 11 and the lower enclosure partition 12 along the vertical direction, the cross section of the sliding blocks 14 is in a T-shaped structure, and sliding grooves matched with the sliding blocks 14 are formed in the inner sides of the sliding rails 13 and are used for the sliding blocks 14 to slide on the sliding rails 13.
Referring to fig. 2-3, the top of the upper enclosure partition 11 is fixedly provided with a floating body 15, the floating body 15 is an inflatable bag or a foam block, two sides of the floating body 15 are provided with binding belts 19, when the binding belts 19 are used for splicing the enclosure skirts, the enclosure units 1 are directly connected, the bottom of the lower enclosure partition 12 is fixedly provided with a balancing weight 16, and two sides of the balancing weight 16 are provided with fixing piles 17 in a penetrating manner.
Referring to fig. 4, the water-facing slope 2 is constructed by a block stone layer 25, a permeable layer 24, a stabilizing layer 23 and a planting layer 22 from bottom to top, the block stone layer 25 is paved on a raw soil layer 26, and a vegetation layer 21 is planted on the planting layer 22.
Example 1
A method for constructing plant communities near the beach of a coastal zone includes selecting and cultivating plant seedlings in the coastal zone near the beach, and the method comprises the steps of selecting wild reed in the area nearby the coastal zone, setting a fence, modifying the topography of a planting area and finally dismantling the fence.
(1) Selecting an area with sea wave less than 0.5m in the range of the sea area to be repaired, arranging the area in a surrounding manner, selecting 0.5mm in mesh diameter, and separating a plant planting area by 2 ten thousand m 2 Meanwhile, sea waves are cut down by means of the enclosure.
(2) The floating body is arranged on the upper portion of the enclosure, the counterweight at the lower portion adopts a concrete block with the square of 50cm, the concrete block is sunk to the surface of the beach, and the concrete block is fixed through a long wooden pile with the length of 2.5m, and the actual height of the enclosure skirt body is 0.5m higher than the highest tide level, so that when the water depth changes, the enclosure can float up and down along with the floating body floating on the water surface.
(3) The beach height is raised by the terrain modification in the planting area, and a water-facing slope is formed. The terrain modification is constructed by a stone layer, a permeable layer, a stabilizing layer and a planting layer from bottom to top. The standard of the stone block is that the weight of the stone block is 30kg, the size is 20-30cm, and the thickness of the stone block layer is 1.0-1.5m; the permeable layer is made of graded broken stone with particle diameter of 2-5cm and thickness of 0.5-1.0m; the stabilizing layer adopts ecological concrete with the thickness of 0.5-0.8m; the planting layer is prepared by removing sundries such as broken stone and the like by using local peripheral beach soil, and the thickness is 0.3-0.5m. After the surface of the water facing slope is formed, a layer of ecological concrete is poured on the surface of the water facing slope, so that the stabilization effect is achieved.
(4) The wild plant seedling reed with strong salt and alkali resistance and strong storm resistance is searched locally, and then cultivated and domesticated to provide plant seedlings for subsequent planting.
(5) In the plant planting area, the first planting range is close to the coast area, and the daily flooding time is preferably not more than 4 hours. After the plants survive for 1 month, the planting area is further enlarged to the periphery until the plant is near the enclosure.
(6) After one year, the plant community grows stably, and finally the enclosure is removed, so that the ecological restoration of the coastal zone near the beach is completed.
The method is applied to coastal zone near beach in Jiangsu province, and the total implementation time is 2 years. Co-planting 2 ten thousand m 2 After the whole process is completed for 1 year, the survival rate reaches 60 percent.
Example 2
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the plant species selected was Arundo donax, and the area of the planting area was 1 ten thousand m 2 。
The coastal zone is near the beach in the Shandong. Co-planting 1 ten thousand m 2 The survival rate of the final planting area reaches 75 percent.
Example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, except that the plant species selected was Vitex agnus-castus and the area of the planting area was 3 ten thousand m 2 。
In Zhejiang (Zhejiang)The coastal zone of the river is near the beach. Co-planting 3 ten thousand m 2 The survival rate of the final planting area reaches 70 percent.
The method and the structure of the plant community near the coastal zone can enable plants to survive and reproduce in the coastal zone near the coastal zone rapidly by changing the small-range environmental conditions, fundamentally changes the concept of coastal zone restoration, and compared with the current coastal zone restoration mode, the method belongs to a complete ecological management mode, has extremely low energy consumption, does not pollute the sea in the implementation process, basically realizes zero energy consumption in the later stage, and can operate for a long time.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for constructing the plant community near the beach of the coastal zone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Selecting a region with smaller sea waves in the range of the sea area to be repaired, wherein the region with smaller sea waves refers to a region with the sea waves smaller than 0.5m, separating plant planting regions through surrounding and isolating, and reducing the sea waves by means of surrounding and isolating;
(2) The upper part of the enclosure is provided with a floating body, the lower part of the enclosure is provided with a counterweight, the enclosure is sunk to the surface of a beach and fixed by a wood pile, and the actual height of the enclosure skirt body is higher than the highest tide level, so that when the water depth changes, the enclosure can float up and down along with the floating body floating on the water surface;
(3) The beach height is raised in the planting area through terrain modification, and a water-facing slope is formed, wherein the terrain modification is a water-facing slope constructed by a stone layer, a permeable layer, a stabilizing layer and a planting layer from bottom to top;
(4) In the plant planting area, the first planting range is close to the coast area, the coastline is taken as a base line, the plants are gradually planted in the enclosing direction, and the planting range is enlarged;
the planting method for expanding the planting range comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a coastline as a base line, planting in a line-shaped gradually-oriented enclosure direction, and planting in a first batch for not more than 4 hours in daily inundation time;
s2, after the first batch of planted plants survive for 1 month, the planting area is further enlarged to the periphery until the planting area is near the enclosure, and the daily submerging time at the deepest water level is not more than 8 hours;
(5) Breeding plant seedlings and planting the plant seedlings;
(6) And (3) dismantling the enclosure, and dismantling the enclosure for next use after the ecological restoration of the coastal zone near the beach is finally completed.
2. The method for constructing plant communities near the beach of the coastal zone according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the monolithic stone layer is 30-40kg in weight and 20-30cm in size, the permeable layer is graded broken stone and 2-5cm in particle size, the stabilizing layer is ecological concrete, and the planting layer uses beach soil with sundries removed from the periphery of the planting layer.
3. The method for constructing a plant community near a beach of a coastal zone according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a layer of ecological concrete is poured on the surface of the water-facing slope surface after the water-facing slope surface is formed, so as to play a role in stabilization.
4. The method for constructing plant communities near the beach of coastal zone according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), plant seedlings are selected from the local soil plant population firstly, and then further cultivation and domestication are performed to obtain plant varieties with better saline-alkali resistance and stronger wind wave resistance.
5. The method for constructing a plant community near a beach of a coastal zone according to claim 1, wherein the apron body surrounds the circumferential direction of a water-facing slope (2);
the enclosing skirt body is formed by splicing a plurality of enclosing units (1), the enclosing units (1) comprise upper enclosing partition plates (11) and lower enclosing partition plates (12) which are arranged in a staggered mode, and the upper enclosing partition plates (11) are connected to the lower enclosing partition plates (12) in an up-and-down sliding mode through sliding connection assemblies;
the sliding connection assembly comprises two groups of strip-shaped sliding rails (13) and strip-shaped sliding blocks (14), the two groups of strip-shaped sliding rails (13) and the strip-shaped sliding blocks (14) are distributed on two sides of the enclosing unit (1), the sliding rails (13) and the sliding blocks (14) are respectively fixed on the upper enclosing partition plate (11) and the lower enclosing partition plate (12) along the vertical direction, the cross section of each sliding block (14) is of a T-shaped structure, and sliding grooves matched with the sliding blocks (14) are formed in the inner sides of the sliding rails (13) and are used for the sliding blocks (14) to slide on the sliding rails (13);
a floating body (15) is fixedly arranged at the top of the upper surrounding partition plate (11), and binding belts (19) are arranged at two sides of the floating body (15);
the bottom of the lower enclosing partition plate (12) is fixedly provided with a balancing weight (16), and fixing piles (17) are arranged on two sides of the balancing weight (16) in a penetrating mode;
the water-facing slope (2) is formed by constructing a stone block layer (25), a permeable layer (24), a stabilizing layer (23) and a planting layer (22) from bottom to top, the stone block layer (25) is paved on an original soil layer (26), and a vegetation layer (21) is planted on the planting layer (22).
6. The method for constructing the plant community near the beach of the coastal zone according to claim 5, wherein the upper surrounding partition plate (11) and the lower surrounding partition plate (12) are provided with water-permeable net films (18), and the mesh diameter of the water-permeable net films (18) is not more than 0.5mm.
7. The method for constructing a plant community near a beach of a coastal zone according to claim 5, characterized in that the floating body (15) is an inflatable balloon or a foam block.
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