CN112924174B - Routine testing machine for bearing of railway axle box and routine testing method for bearing - Google Patents
Routine testing machine for bearing of railway axle box and routine testing method for bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112924174B CN112924174B CN202110373682.0A CN202110373682A CN112924174B CN 112924174 B CN112924174 B CN 112924174B CN 202110373682 A CN202110373682 A CN 202110373682A CN 112924174 B CN112924174 B CN 112924174B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
Abstract
The invention provides a routine testing machine for a bearing of a railway axle box, which comprises a rack, two groups of radial loading systems symmetrically arranged on the rack, two groups of loading tool assemblies symmetrically arranged on the rack, a supporting system arranged between the two groups of loading tool assemblies and a driving system in transmission connection with the supporting system, wherein the two groups of radial loading systems are arranged on the rack; two groups of loading tool assemblies arranged on two sides of the supporting system and a radial loading system are used for testing two bearings to be tested at one time; the bearing is pre-positioned, the inner ring of the outer ring is simultaneously positioned, and then the inner ring and the supporting shaft are tensioned, so that the bearing to be tested is rapidly and accurately mounted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to bearing test equipment, in particular to a railway axle box bearing routine test machine and a bearing routine test method.
Background
The establishment of routine test links of the high-speed rail bearing is used for ensuring that no problem occurs in the loading of the domestic high-speed rail bearing, and the routine test links are used as the last guarantee measure before the delivery of bearing products, so that the bearing reaches the optimal state before the loading, and the routine test links have practical significance for the research on bearing assembly parameters; the mounting structure of the test bearing and the shaft is an interference structure, the interference magnitude is about 0.05mm, and if cold press mounting is adopted, the friction damage to the bearing inner ring is inevitably caused in the assembling and disassembling processes; the routine test is mainly a short-time test, generally 10-60 minutes are different, so that the accuracy of installation and nondestructive testing are guaranteed in the test process, and meanwhile, the bearing is required to be rapidly disassembled, and the production efficiency is improved.
Chinese patent CN 102620935B discloses a loading device of a high-speed bearing testing machine, in which test bearings are arranged on the left and right sides of a bearing seat provided with a test bearing, a bridge frame is bridged between the two test bearings, the bridge frame is pushed and pulled by a radial force application mechanism to drive a main axial test bearing to apply a radial load, an axial acting force of the test bearing acting on the bearing seat and the test bearing during radial loading is reduced by a radial guide mechanism arranged between an outer ring of the test bearing and the bearing seat, so that a reaction force of the acting force applied by the radial force application mechanism is acted on the test bearing through the action of the bearing seat, a radial loading force applied on the test bearing by a test main shaft is always equal to the radial external force applied on the bridge frame by the force application mechanism, and the axial acting force applied on the bearing seat by the test bearing can be eliminated by the radial guide mechanism during radial loading, thereby the measurement of the radial load in the invention is more accurate.
However, the bearing in the technical scheme is difficult to disassemble and assemble and is not suitable for routine tests of the bearing, and meanwhile, the mounting precision of the bearing directly influences the accuracy of test results and is not suitable for routine tests of the rapidly disassembled bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a routine testing machine for a bearing of a railway axle box aiming at the defects of the prior art, and two bearings to be tested are tested at one time through two groups of loading tool assemblies arranged at two sides of a supporting system and a radial loading system; the bearing is pre-positioned and the inner ring of the outer ring are simultaneously positioned and then the inner ring and the supporting shaft are tensioned through a power component, a pressure expansion component and an axial loading component in the loading tool assembly, so that the bearing to be tested is quickly and accurately installed;
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the routine testing machine for the bearing of the railway axle box comprises a rack and two groups of radial loading systems symmetrically arranged on the rack, and is characterized by further comprising two groups of loading tool assemblies symmetrically arranged on the rack, a supporting system arranged between the two groups of loading tool assemblies and a driving system in transmission connection with the supporting system;
the loading tool assembly is used for rapidly clamping the bearing to be tested and providing axial loading force;
the radial loading system is used for providing radial loading force for the bearing to be tested;
the driving system is used for driving the supporting system to rotate and driving the bearing to be tested to rotate.
As an improvement, the loading tool assembly comprises a power assembly, a pressure expansion assembly and an axial loading assembly arranged on one side of the pressure expansion assembly; the pressure expansion assembly is arranged at the inner diameter of the bearing to be detected, and the axial loading assembly is arranged at the output end of the power assembly;
when the axial loading assembly works, after the bearing to be tested is pre-fixed, the pressure expansion assembly is driven by the power assembly to expand the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested and the supporting system, and the axial loading assembly carries out axial loading on the bearing in the test process.
As an improvement, the power assembly comprises:
the hydraulic cylinder base is provided with a through hole; two ends of the hydraulic cylinder seat are provided with end covers for sealing the through holes;
the piston rod is provided with a piston matched with the through hole, and the piston is arranged in the through hole in a sliding manner; and
and the two guide rods are arranged on the hydraulic cylinder base and are positioned on two sides below the through hole.
As an improvement, the axial loading assembly is arranged at the end part of the piston rod and comprises:
the outer ring loading die is arranged in a concave manner at one end;
the inner ring loading die is arranged in the outer ring loading die in a sliding manner; one end of the inner ring loading die is provided with an annular boss; and
the limiting body assembly comprises a plurality of limiting columns arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner ring loading die and an elastic connecting piece connected with the limiting columns.
As an improvement, the pressure expansion assembly comprises:
the connecting sleeve is provided with a guide cavity at one end;
the locking part is formed by combining at least two locking blocks and is arranged in the guide cavity; the inner diameter of the locking part is arranged in a conical shape, and the outer diameter of the locking part is sleeved with an inner bushing;
one end of the axial movement adjusting piece is rotatably arranged at one end of the locking part; the other end of the supporting rod is in threaded fit connection with the supporting system;
the guide piece penetrates through the connecting sleeve and is connected with the locking part; and
the supporting seat is arranged on the guide rod in a sliding mode.
As an improvement, the other end of the power assembly is connected with a disassembly driving part for quickly disassembling and assembling the pressure expansion assembly, the output end of the disassembly driving part is connected with a wrench, and the wrench penetrates through the inside of the piston rod to be matched with the axial movement adjusting piece.
As an improvement, the supporting system comprises two groups of supporting units which are symmetrically arranged and a high-speed shaft assembly which is rotatably arranged on the two groups of supporting units; the high-speed shaft assembly comprises a support shaft and a belt wheel arranged on the outer side of the support shaft, and the belt wheel is in transmission connection with the driving system; the inner diameter of the belt wheel is connected with the support shaft in a matched mode through a wedge-shaped block.
As an improvement, the supporting unit includes:
the bracket is connected with the rack;
the cooling and lubricating shell is arranged on the bracket, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are respectively arranged at two end parts of the cooling and lubricating shell, a plurality of annular channels for cooling medium to flow are arranged on the outer diameter surface of the cooling and lubricating shell, gaps are formed in adjacent annular channels, and two adjacent gaps are arranged in an angle;
a bearing assembly disposed inside the cooling and lubricating housing; the bearing assembly comprises a bearing which mainly bears radial force, a bearing which bears axial force and a plurality of space rings which are arranged on two sides of the bearing.
As an improvement, the bottom of the annular channel is provided with a plurality of infusion holes penetrating through the cooling and lubricating shell; the outer diameter of the space ring is provided with an annular groove b, and the bottom of the annular groove b is provided with a flow guide hole which is obliquely arranged; the annular groove b is arranged corresponding to the position of the infusion hole; the flow guide holes are arranged towards the raceway position of the bearing in the bearing assembly.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a method for performing a bearing routine test by using the railway axle box bearing routine testing machine according to the above technical solution, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preassembling bearings to be tested, namely respectively assembling two bearings to be tested to working positions on supporting seats at two ends;
pre-fixing the bearing to be tested, wherein the inner ring loading die protrudes out of the outer ring loading die under the action of the limiting body assembly, starting the power assembly to drive the axial loading assembly to move inwards to enable the bearing to be tested to be matched with the supporting shaft, meanwhile, a boss of the inner ring loading die is in contact with the inner ring of the bearing to be tested, the position of the inner ring and the position of the outer ring of the bearing to be tested are adjusted, the axial loading assembly continues to move inwards, and the outer ring loading die is in contact with the outer ring of the bearing to be tested and is positioned;
thirdly, pressing the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested to expand, starting the disassembling driving part, driving the wrench to quickly drive the axial movement adjusting part to rotate, further enabling the locking part to move rightwards, and tensioning the bearing to be tested;
step four, performing routine tests on the bearings to be tested, starting a driving system to drive the supporting shaft to rotate, and driving the bearings to be tested on two sides to rotate by the supporting shaft;
step five, radial loading of the bearing to be tested, starting a radial loading system, carrying out radial loading on the bearing to be tested, and recording related test data;
step six, axial loading of the bearing to be tested, wherein the piston rod moves inwards and drives the outer ring loading die and the inner ring loading die to simultaneously press the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested and move inwards, so that the bearing to be tested is loaded inwards; the piston rod moves outwards to drive the supporting seat to move outwards, and outward loading of the bearing to be tested is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, two groups of symmetrically arranged loading tool assemblies are used for realizing rapid synchronous installation on two bearings for testing, so that the testing efficiency is improved; the symmetrically arranged radial loading assemblies ensure the stable stress of the testing machine in the experimental process and improve the accuracy of the test result; nondestructive testing is realized by the arrangement of the inner bushing and the loading sleeve;
(2) The axial loading assembly is driven by the power assembly to pre-fix the bearing to be tested, so that the bearing inner ring is fixed by the inner ring loading die, and then the bearing outer ring is fixed by the outer ring loading die, the mounting precision of the bearing to be tested is improved, the locking part is driven to move rightwards by the axial movement adjusting piece in the pressure-expansion assembly, and the locking part is in interference fit with the support shaft by matching with the locking part with the conical surface, so that the bearing is rapidly mounted;
(3) The annular circulating cooling channel is formed in the outer diameter surface of the cooling and lubricating shell, so that the temperature of the bearing in the bearing assembly is reduced, and meanwhile, the cooling and lubricating medium directly acts on the bearing roller by utilizing the obliquely arranged flow guide holes, so that the lubricating effect and the cooling effect are improved, and the service life of the bearing assembly is prolonged;
(4) By the arrangement of the axial loading assembly, the automatic and quick installation of the experimental bearing is realized, the axial loading of the experimental bearing is realized, the equipment structure is simplified, and the test precision is improved;
(5) According to the invention, through the arrangement of the disassembly driving part, automatic installation and locking are realized, through the arrangement of the torque sensor, the same torque in different bearing installation processes is realized, the same matching precision of the bearing and the supporting shaft is realized, and the data accuracy in the bearing experiment process and the consistency of the installation precision are improved;
in conclusion, the bearing assembling and disassembling device has the advantages of simplicity in bearing assembling and disassembling, high bearing assembling precision, high testing efficiency and the like, and can realize automation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overall construction of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the loading tool assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 taken at I;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pressure expansion assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the locking portion of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a locking block of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the axial loading assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a supporting base according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the inner liner of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the support system of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the support system construction of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of the invention at II of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a cooling and lubricating housing according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a cooling and lubricating housing of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the spacer structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1-2, the routine testing machine for bearing of a railway axle box comprises a frame 1 and two groups of radial loading systems 2 symmetrically arranged on the frame 1, and is characterized by further comprising two groups of loading tool assemblies 3 symmetrically arranged on the frame 1, a supporting system 4 arranged between the two groups of loading tool assemblies 3, and a driving system 5 in transmission connection with the supporting system 4;
the radial loading system 2 comprises a hydraulic unit 21 arranged above the rack, and the output end of the hydraulic unit 21 is provided with a pressure head 22 matched with the outer diameter of the bearing to be tested; the output force of the hydraulic unit 21 forms closed-loop control with a computer through a force sensor;
the loading tool assembly 3 is used for rapidly clamping the bearing 100 to be tested and providing axial loading force;
the radial loading system 2 is used for providing a radial loading force for the bearing 100 to be tested;
the driving system 5 is used for driving the supporting system 4 to rotate and driving the bearing 100 to be tested to rotate.
The driving system 5 adopts a three-phase alternating-current variable-frequency motor as driving power, a main motor directly drives a supporting shaft to rotate through a coupling, stepless speed regulation is realized by adopting variable-frequency control, the highest rotating speed can reach 3000r/min, and the highest simulated train speed per hour is 420km/h.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the loading tool assembly 3 includes a power component 31, a pressure expansion component 32, and an axial loading component 33 disposed on one side of the pressure expansion component 32; the pressure expansion assembly 32 is arranged at the inner diameter of the bearing to be detected, and the axial loading assembly 33 is arranged at the output end of the power assembly 31; the power assembly 31, the pressure expansion assembly 32 and the axial loading assembly 33 are coaxially arranged;
during operation, after the axial loading assembly 33 pre-fixes the bearing 100 to be tested, the pressure expansion assembly 32 is driven by the power assembly 31 to expand the inner diameter of the bearing 100 to be tested and the end of the support shaft 421 of the support system 4, and simultaneously the axial loading assembly 33 axially loads the bearing in the experiment process.
As a modification, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the power assembly 31 includes:
the hydraulic cylinder seat 311 is provided with a through hole 3111; two ends of the hydraulic cylinder seat 311 are provided with end covers 3112 for sealing the through hole 3111;
the piston rod 312 is provided with a piston 3121 matched with the through hole 3111, and the piston 3121 is slidably arranged in the through hole 3111; and
and two guide rods 313, wherein the two guide rods 313 are arranged on the hydraulic cylinder base 311 and are positioned on two sides below the through hole 3111.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the axial loading assembly 33 is disposed at an end of the piston rod 312, and includes:
the loading device comprises an outer ring loading die 331, wherein one end of the outer ring loading die 331 is arranged in a concave manner;
the inner ring loading die 332, the inner ring loading die 332 is slidably arranged in the outer ring loading die 331; one end of the inner ring loading die 332 is provided with an annular boss 3321; an annular groove a3323 is formed in the outer diameter surface of the inner ring loading die 332, a connecting block 3324 matched with the annular groove a3323 is arranged in the annular groove a3323, a kidney-shaped hole 3311 is formed in the outer diameter of the outer ring loading die 331, and the connecting block 3324 is in sliding connection with the kidney-shaped hole 3311 of the outer ring loading die 331 through a bolt, so that the inner ring loading die 332 slides left and right in the outer ring loading die 331; and
the limiting body component 333 comprises a plurality of limiting columns 3331 arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner ring loading die 332 and an elastic connecting piece 3332 connected with the limiting columns 3331;
preferably, the elastic connecting piece 3332 is arranged in the inner ring loading die 332, and the limiting column 3331 is arranged on the inner ring loading die in a sliding manner;
preferably, as shown in fig. X, the outer diameter of the boss 3321 is not greater than the outer diameter of the inner ring of the bearing 100 to be tested, and the inner diameter of the boss 3321 is not less than the inner diameter of the inner ring of the bearing 100 to be tested; the outer diameter of the outer ring loading die 331 is not greater than the outer diameter of the outer ring of the bearing 100 to be tested, and the inner diameter of the outer ring loading die 331 is not less than the inner diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing 100 to be tested;
further, when the inner ring loading die 332 compresses the bearing to be tested, the boss 3321 compacts the inner ring of the bearing; the outer ring loading die 331 presses the bearing outer ring.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, the pressure expansion assembly 32 includes:
a connecting sleeve 321, one end of which is provided with a guide chamber 3211; the outer diameter of the connecting sleeve 321 is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner ring loading die 332;
the locking part 322 is formed by combining at least two locking blocks 3221, and the locking part 322 is arranged in the guide cavity 3211; the inner diameter of the locking part 322 is arranged in a conical shape; preferably, the locking part 322 consists of three locking blocks 3221, an inner bushing 3222 is sleeved on the outer diameter of the locking part 322, and the outer diameter of the inner bushing 3222 is in contact with the inner diameter of the bearing 100 to be tested;
an axial movement adjusting piece 323, one end of the axial movement adjusting piece 323 is rotatably arranged at one end of the locking part 322; the other end of the support shaft is in threaded fit connection with a support shaft 421 on the support system 4;
a guide 324, the guide 324 passing through the connection sleeve 321 and being connected with the locking part 322; and
the supporting seat 325 is arranged on the guide rod 313 in a sliding manner; the supporting seat 325 is provided with a cylindrical working position 3251 for installing the bearing 100 to be tested;
further, as shown in fig. 10, an upper deformation groove 32221 and a lower deformation groove 32222 are disposed at intervals on a side wall of the inner bushing 3222, both the upper deformation groove 32221 and the lower deformation groove 32222 are semi-waist-shaped grooves which do not penetrate the inner bushing 3222 vertically, and a plurality of grooves 32223 which penetrate the inner bushing 3222 vertically are uniformly disposed on an outer diameter surface of the inner bushing 3222;
in addition, the inner lining 3222 is made of soft material and has certain expansibility material, such as copper, aluminum, etc., the outer diameter of the inner lining 3222 is in clearance fit with the inner diameter of the test bearing, and interference fit is realized in the tensioning process;
it should be noted that, as shown in fig. 5, the guide 324 includes a guide bolt 3241 connected to the locking portion 322 and a guide sleeve 3242 sleeved on the guide bolt 3241, and the guide sleeve 3242 is in sliding fit with a small hole of a stepped hole formed on the connecting sleeve 321, so as to realize axial guiding during the left-right movement of the locking portion 322;
further, as shown in fig. 9, a split type loading sleeve 3252 is arranged on the working position 3251, and the loading sleeve 3252 is divided into an upper loading sleeve and a lower loading sleeve; a positioning boss 32521 is arranged at the right end of the loading sleeve 3252, and the wall thickness of the positioning boss 32521 is matched with the wall thickness of an outer ring of a bearing to be tested; the loading sleeve 3252 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the material has corrosion resistance, sealing property, electrical insulation property and good anti-aging endurance, and the hardness is lower than that of steel, so that the loading force can be stably applied to the bearing, and the damage to the outer surface of the bearing caused by loading can be avoided;
in addition, as shown in fig. 9, a linear ball bearing 3253 is arranged at the sliding fit position of the support seat 325 and the guide rod 313, so that the friction force of the support seat 325 in the sliding process is reduced, and the precision of the sliding process is improved;
in addition, as shown in fig. 8, a loading plate 314 is connected to an end of the piston rod 312, the loading plate 314 is disposed at one side of the outer ring loading die 331 and connected to the piston rod 312, guide slide rods 3254 are disposed at two ends of the supporting seat 325, and the loading plate 314 is slidably connected to the guide slide rods 3254;
furthermore, a lock nut 3255 is arranged at the end of the guide slide bar 3254, and when the bearing to be tested needs axial tension, the piston rod 312 drives the loading plate 314 to move outwards, so as to pull the supporting seat 325 to move outwards, and meanwhile, the bearing to be tested tends to move outwards under the action of the supporting seat 325, so that the bearing to be tested is loaded outwards.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a detaching driving portion 315 for quickly detaching and installing the pressure expansion assembly 32 is connected to the other end of the power assembly 31, an output end of the detaching driving portion 315 is connected to a wrench 3151, and the wrench 3151 penetrates through the inside of the piston rod 312 to be matched with the axial movement adjusting member 323;
the detaching driving unit 315 includes a driving motor, a speed reducer, and a torque sensor, which are provided at one end of the power assembly; and determining whether the bearing to be tested is tensioned or not through the torque sensor.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the supporting system 4 includes two sets of supporting units 41 symmetrically disposed and a high-speed shaft assembly 42 rotatably disposed on the two sets of supporting units 41; the high-speed shaft assembly 42 comprises a support shaft 421 and a belt wheel 422 arranged outside the support shaft 421, and the belt wheel 422 is in transmission connection with the driving system 5; the inner diameter of the belt wheel 422 is matched and connected with the supporting shaft 421 through a wedge block 423, and the wedge block 423 is axially positioned through a lock nut.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, a positioning block 4211 is arranged at an end of the support shaft 421, and the positioning block 4211 is matched with the inner ring of the bearing to be tested in size and used for axially positioning the inner ring of the bearing to be tested.
In the embodiment, the device also comprises a data acquisition system and a computer automatic control system, and parameters such as rotating speed, load, temperature, vibration, torque, current, voltage and the like are automatically acquired.
Example two
As shown in fig. 11 to 16, in which the same or corresponding components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, only the points of difference from the first embodiment will be described below for the sake of convenience. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that:
in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 11 to 12, the supporting unit 41 includes:
the bracket 411, the said bracket 411 links with framework 1;
a cooling and lubricating housing 412, as shown in fig. 14-15, the cooling and lubricating housing 412 is disposed on the bracket 411, two end portions of the cooling and lubricating housing 412 are respectively provided with a liquid inlet 4121 and a liquid outlet 4122, the outer diameter surface of the cooling and lubricating housing is provided with a plurality of annular channels 4123 for the circulation of a cooling medium, adjacent annular channels 4123 are provided with notches 4124, and two adjacent notches 4124 are disposed at 180 degrees; the cooling and lubricating medium enters the annular channel 4123 along the liquid inlet 4121 and circularly flows along the notch 4124 to improve the cooling effect;
a bearing assembly 413, as shown in fig. 13, wherein the bearing assembly 413 is arranged inside the cooling and lubricating housing 412; the bearing assembly 413 comprises a bearing 4131 mainly bearing radial force, a bearing 4132 bearing axial force and a plurality of space rings 4133 arranged at two sides of the bearing;
among them, the bearing 4131 for receiving the radial force is preferably a cylindrical roller bearing or a deep groove ball bearing, and the bearing 4132 for receiving the axial force is preferably a double-row tapered roller bearing or a double-row tapered roller bearing.
As a modification, as shown in fig. 13 and 16, the bottom of the annular channel 4123 is provided with a plurality of infusion holes 4125 penetrating through the cooling and lubricating housing 412; the outer diameter of the spacing ring 4133 is provided with an annular groove b41331, and the bottom of the annular groove b41331 is provided with a plurality of obliquely arranged flow guide holes 41332; the annular groove b41331 is arranged corresponding to the position of the infusion hole 4125; the orifices 41332 are positioned toward the raceway position of the bearing in bearing assembly 413;
it should be noted that the cooling and lubricating medium enters the annular groove b41331 along the infusion hole 4125, and then directly acts on the roller of the corresponding bearing in the bearing assembly 413 through the diversion hole 41332, so as to improve the lubricating effect and the cooling effect, and the cooled medium enters the cooling tank through the oil outlet, and is recycled after being cooled; the cooling and lubricating medium is preferably an oil-gas mixed medium.
EXAMPLE III
The method for carrying out the bearing routine test by adopting the railway axle box bearing routine testing machine in the technical scheme of the first embodiment or the second embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, preassembling bearings to be tested, namely respectively assembling two bearings 100 to be tested on working positions 3251 on supporting seats 325 at two ends; the bearing 100 to be tested is arranged in a loading sleeve 3252 and is pre-positioned through a positioning boss 32521 at the right end of the loading sleeve 3252;
step two, pre-fixing the bearing to be tested, wherein the inner ring loading die 332 protrudes out of the outer ring loading die 331 under the action of the limiting body component 333, starting the power component 31, driving the axial loading component 33 to move inwards, so that the bearing 100 to be tested is matched with the supporting shaft 421, meanwhile, the boss 3321 of the inner ring loading die 332 is in contact with the inner ring of the bearing 100 to be tested, adjusting the positions of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing 100 to be tested, the axial loading component 33 continues to move inwards, and the outer ring loading die 331 is in contact with the outer ring of the bearing 100 to be tested and is positioned; the outer ring of the bearing to be tested is completely positioned by using a positioning boss 32521; the end part of the supporting shaft 421 is matched with the inner diameter of the locking part 322, after the bearing 100 to be tested is positioned, the split upper loading sleeve is sleeved above the outer diameter of the bearing to be tested, and meanwhile, the upper loading sleeve and the bearing to be tested are fixed by using a pressing plate 3256 matched with the loading sleeve;
thirdly, pressing the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested to expand, starting the disassembling driving part 315, driving a wrench 3151 to quickly drive the axial movement adjusting part 323 to rotate, further enabling the locking part 322 to move rightwards, and tensioning the bearing to be tested 100; in the process of inward movement of the locking part 322, the locking part 322 with the tapered inner diameter is matched with the support shaft 421 and the locking part 322 with the split design to realize tensioning of the bearing 100 to be tested;
step four, performing routine tests on the bearings to be tested, starting the driving system 5 to drive the supporting shaft 421 to rotate, and driving the bearings 100 to be tested on the two sides to rotate by the supporting shaft 421;
step five, radial loading of the bearing to be tested, starting the radial loading system 2, carrying out radial loading on the bearing 100 to be tested, and recording related test data;
step six, axial loading of the bearing to be tested, wherein the piston rod 312 moves inwards and drives the outer ring loading die 331 and the inner ring loading die 332 to simultaneously press the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bearing 100 to be tested and move inwards, so that the bearing 100 to be tested is loaded inwards; the piston rod 312 moves outwards to drive the support base 325 to move outwards, so as to load the bearing 100 to be tested outwards.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The routine testing machine for the bearing of the railway axle box comprises a rack (1) and two groups of radial loading systems (2) symmetrically arranged on the rack (1), and is characterized by further comprising two groups of loading tool assemblies (3) symmetrically arranged on the rack (1), a supporting system (4) arranged between the two groups of loading tool assemblies (3) and a driving system (5) in transmission connection with the supporting system (4);
the loading tool assembly (3) is used for rapidly clamping the bearing (100) to be tested and providing axial loading force;
the radial loading system (2) is used for providing radial loading force for the bearing (100) to be tested;
the driving system (5) is used for driving the supporting system (4) to rotate and driving the bearing (100) to be tested to rotate;
the loading tool assembly (3) comprises a power component (31), a pressure expansion component (32) and an axial loading component (33) arranged on one side of the pressure expansion component (32); the pressure expansion assembly (32) is arranged at the inner diameter of the bearing to be detected, and the axial loading assembly (33) is arranged at the output end of the power assembly (31);
when the axial loading assembly (33) works, after the bearing (100) to be tested is pre-fixed, the pressure expansion assembly (32) is driven by the power assembly (31) to expand the inner diameter of the bearing (100) to be tested and the supporting system (4), and meanwhile, the axial loading assembly (33) axially loads the bearing in the experiment process;
the power assembly (31) comprises:
the hydraulic cylinder seat (311) is provided with a through hole (3111); two ends of the hydraulic cylinder seat (311) are provided with end covers (3112) for sealing the through hole (3111);
the piston rod (312) is provided with a piston (3121) matched with the through hole (3111), and the piston (3121) is arranged in the through hole (3111) in a sliding manner; and
the two guide rods (313) are arranged on the hydraulic cylinder base (311) and are positioned on two sides below the through hole (3111);
the pressure expansion assembly (32) comprises:
a connecting sleeve (321), wherein one end of the connecting sleeve (321) is provided with a guide chamber (3211);
the locking part (322) is formed by combining at least two locking blocks (3221), and the locking part (322) is arranged in the guide cavity (3211); the inner diameter of the locking part (322) is arranged in a conical manner, and the outer diameter of the locking part (322) is sleeved with an inner bushing (3222)
An axial movement adjusting piece (323), wherein one end of the axial movement adjusting piece (323) is rotatably arranged at one end of the locking part (322); the other end of the supporting rod is in threaded fit connection with the supporting system (4);
a guide member (324), wherein the guide member (324) passes through the connecting sleeve (321) and is connected with the locking part (322); and
the supporting seat (325) is arranged on the guide rod (313) in a sliding manner;
the axial loading assembly (33) is provided at an end of the piston rod (312) and includes:
the device comprises an outer ring loading die (331), wherein one end of the outer ring loading die (331) is arranged in a concave manner;
the inner ring loading die (332), the inner ring loading die (332) is arranged in the outer ring loading die (331) in a sliding mode; one end of the inner ring loading die (332) is provided with an annular boss (3321); and
the limiting body component (333), the limiting body component (333) includes a plurality of limiting columns (3331) arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner ring loading die (332) and an elastic connecting piece (3332) connected with the limiting columns (3331).
2. The railway axlebox bearing routine testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the other end of the power assembly (31) is connected with a detaching driving part (315) for rapidly detaching and installing the pressure-expanding assembly (32), the output end of the detaching driving part (315) is connected with a wrench (3151), and the wrench (3151) passes through the inside of the piston rod (312) to be matched with the axial movement adjusting piece (323).
3. A railway axlebox bearing routine testing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said supporting system (4) comprises two groups of supporting units (41) arranged symmetrically and a high-speed axle assembly (42) rotatably arranged on said two groups of supporting units (41); the high-speed shaft assembly (42) comprises a supporting shaft (421) and a belt wheel (422) arranged on the outer side of the supporting shaft (421), and the belt wheel (422) is in transmission connection with the driving system (5); the inner diameter of the belt wheel (422) is matched and connected with the supporting shaft (421) through a wedge block (423).
4. Railway axlebox bearing routine testing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that said supporting unit (41) comprises:
the bracket (411), the said bracket (411) links with framework (1);
the cooling and lubricating shell (412) is arranged on the support (411), a liquid inlet (4121) and a liquid outlet (4122) are respectively arranged at two ends of the cooling and lubricating shell (412), a plurality of annular channels (4123) for cooling medium to flow are arranged on the outer diameter surface of the cooling and lubricating shell, notches (4124) are formed in adjacent annular channels (4123), and two adjacent notches (4124) are arranged in an angle of 180 degrees;
a bearing assembly (413), the bearing assembly (413) being disposed inside the cooling and lubricating housing (412); the bearing assembly (413) comprises a bearing (4131) mainly bearing radial force, a bearing (4132) bearing axial force and a plurality of space rings (4133) arranged on two sides of the bearing.
5. The railway axle box bearing routine testing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom of the annular channel (4123) is provided with a plurality of fluid transfer holes (4125) penetrating the cooling and lubricating housing (412); the outer diameter of the space ring (4133) is provided with an annular groove b (41331), and the bottom of the annular groove b (41331) is provided with a flow guide hole (41332) which is obliquely arranged; the annular groove b (41331) is arranged corresponding to the position of the infusion hole (4125); the pilot holes (41332) are located towards a raceway position of a bearing in the bearing assembly (413).
6. Method for carrying out bearing routines according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step one, preassembling bearings to be tested, namely respectively assembling two bearings (100) to be tested on working positions (3251) on supporting seats (325) at two ends;
step two, pre-fixing the bearing to be tested, enabling an inner ring loading die (332) to protrude out of an outer ring loading die (331) under the action of a limiting body component (333), starting a power component (31), driving an axial loading component (33) to move inwards, enabling the bearing to be tested (100) to be matched with a supporting shaft (421), enabling a boss (3321) of the inner ring loading die (332) to be in contact with the inner ring of the bearing to be tested (100), adjusting the positions of the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing to be tested (100), enabling the axial loading component (33) to continue moving inwards, and enabling the outer ring loading die (331) to be in contact with the outer ring of the bearing to be tested (100) and positioning;
thirdly, the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested is pressed to expand, the disassembling driving part (315) is started, the wrench (3151) is driven to rapidly drive the axial movement adjusting part (323) to rotate, and then the locking part (322) moves rightwards to tension the bearing to be tested (100);
step four, performing routine tests on the bearings to be tested, starting a driving system (5) to drive a supporting shaft (421) to rotate, and driving the bearings (100) to be tested on two sides to rotate by the supporting shaft (421);
step five, radial loading of the bearing to be tested, starting the radial loading system (2), carrying out radial loading on the bearing to be tested (100), and recording related test data;
sixthly, axial loading of the bearing to be tested, wherein the piston rod (312) moves inwards and drives the outer ring loading die (331) and the inner ring loading die (332) to simultaneously press the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested (100) and move inwards, so that the bearing to be tested (100) is loaded inwards; the piston rod (312) moves outwards to drive the supporting seat (325) to move outwards, so that the bearing (100) to be tested is loaded outwards.
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| CN202110373682.0A CN112924174B (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Routine testing machine for bearing of railway axle box and routine testing method for bearing |
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| CN202110373682.0A CN112924174B (en) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Routine testing machine for bearing of railway axle box and routine testing method for bearing |
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| CN112924174B true CN112924174B (en) | 2022-12-23 |
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| CN113567121A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-10-29 | 中浙高铁轴承有限公司 | Helicopter engine input end shafting bearing test loading device |
| CN113532859A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-10-22 | 中浙高铁轴承有限公司 | Engine input end shafting bearing testing machine and testing method |
| CN114152438B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2024-01-23 | 中车永济电机有限公司 | Dynamic testing device suitable for insulation performance of multi-type rolling bearing |
| CN117030254A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-11-10 | 江阴市恒润传动科技有限公司 | Wind power main shaft bearing testing machine and testing method thereof |
| CN117054094B (en) * | 2023-09-14 | 2024-02-23 | 佳木斯电机股份有限公司 | Bearing vibration detection equipment and use method thereof |
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