CN106908178B - High-speed precision main shaft pretightening force test device and use method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed precision main shaft pretightening force test device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106908178B CN106908178B CN201610976920.6A CN201610976920A CN106908178B CN 106908178 B CN106908178 B CN 106908178B CN 201610976920 A CN201610976920 A CN 201610976920A CN 106908178 B CN106908178 B CN 106908178B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed precision spindle pretightening force test device and a using method thereof.A front sleeve and a rear sleeve are respectively arranged at two ends of a base, and a rotor is arranged in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve through a bearing; the front sleeve is fixed with the base, and the rear sleeve is arranged on the base in a sliding manner through the guide pin; be provided with the piezoelectric actuator support on the base between preceding sleeve and back sleeve, be used for promoting telescopic piezoelectric actuator behind a plurality of and rotor parallel along rotor circumference equipartition on the actuator support. The invention can measure the pretightening force, the pretightening displacement of the rear sleeve and the pretightening displacement of the rotor when the test bed is static, and obtain the correlation between the pretightening force and the pretightening displacement under the static state. The pre-tightening force of the test bed during operation, the pre-tightening displacement of the rear sleeve, the pre-tightening displacement of the rotor, the temperature of the bearing and the vibration of the front sleeve and the rear sleeve can be measured, so that the relation among the parameters in the motion state of the rotor can be researched. The spindle unit can be applied to high-speed precise numerical control machine tool spindle units.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-speed precision spindle pretightening force control, in particular to a high-speed precision spindle pretightening force test device and a using method thereof.
Background
The main shaft is a core functional component of the machine tool, and the performance of the main shaft directly influences the performance of the whole machine tool. The pre-tightening of the high-speed precision main shaft bearing is the most main factor influencing the rigidity, precision and reliability of the main shaft. High-speed precision bearings are extremely sensitive to changes in preload. Therefore, the pre-tightening force is intelligently controlled according to working conditions such as the rotating speed, temperature rise, load and initial assembly of the main shaft in the machining process of the main shaft, and the overall optimization of the dynamic and thermal characteristics of the main shaft in the whole rotating speed range including low-speed large torque and high-speed large power is realized. How to determine the optimal global and optimal pretightening force of the spindle in the whole rotating speed range including low-speed large torque, high-speed large power and dynamic and thermal state characteristics by a quantitative method, and has important guiding significance on the intelligent control of the pretightening force from the aspects of dynamics and thermodynamics!
At present, a plurality of control devices related to the spindle pretightening force are available at home and abroad, but the existing control devices are only based on the closed-loop control of the pretightening force or the closed-loop control of the pretightening force displacement, can not reveal the correlation between the pretightening force-spindle thermal characteristic-spindle dynamic characteristic, and can intelligently control the pretightening force according to the correlation between the pretightening force-spindle thermal characteristic-spindle dynamic characteristic. Therefore, according to the requirements of special working conditions or pretightening force, the development of the pretightening force intelligent control test bed which simultaneously has positioning pretightening force, constant pressure pretightening force, variable pretightening force, main shaft bearing cooling and temperature monitoring is particularly urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a high-speed precision main shaft pretightening force test device and a using method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-speed precision spindle pretightening force test device is characterized in that a front sleeve (4) and a rear sleeve (14) are respectively arranged at two ends of a base (1), and a rotor (2) is arranged in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve through bearings;
the front sleeve is fixed with the base, and the rear sleeve is arranged on the base in a sliding manner through the guide pin;
a piezoelectric actuator support (9) is arranged on a base between the front sleeve and the rear sleeve, a plurality of piezoelectric actuators (38) which are parallel to the rotor and used for pushing the rear sleeve are uniformly distributed on the actuator support along the circumference of the rotor, the piezoelectric actuators are arranged in unthreaded holes of the piezoelectric actuator support in a sliding manner, one end, opposite to the rear sleeve, of each piezoelectric actuator is fixedly provided with a force sensor (39), and the other end of each piezoelectric actuator is connected with a pretightening force adjusting bolt (36) embedded on the actuator support;
the outer cylinder walls of the front sleeve and the rear sleeve are provided with cooling water channels along the circumferences thereof;
temperature sensors are embedded in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing;
the front sleeve and the rear sleeve are respectively embedded with a vibration sensor for detecting radial vibration signals when the rotor rotates;
a rear sleeve displacement sensor (30) is arranged on the rear sleeve and used for monitoring the axial displacement of the rear sleeve;
a rotor displacement sensor (28) for monitoring the axial displacement of the rotor is arranged on the base;
an encoder (26) for monitoring the rotational speed of the rotor is provided on the base.
In the technical scheme, the front sleeve is fixedly connected to the base through a bolt, a bearing I and a bearing II are arranged in the front sleeve to install a rotor, and the bearing I and the bearing II are axially locked on the rotor through a first locking nut; and a positioning end cover (35) and a front end cover (3) are respectively installed at two ends of the front sleeve, the positioning end cover is fixed at the inner end of the front sleeve through a bolt connection, and the front end cover is fixed at the outer end of the front sleeve through threads and used for compressing an outer ring of the bearing. Furthermore, a temperature sensor (22) of the bearing I and a temperature sensor (27) of the bearing II are embedded into the front sleeve, a probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing I is located near the bearing I and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing I, and a probe of the temperature sensor of the bearing II is located near the bearing II and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing II.
In the technical scheme, a bearing III and a bearing IV are arranged in the rear sleeve to install the rotor, and the bearing III and the bearing IV are axially locked on the rotor through a second locking nut; and a rear end cover (17) is arranged at the outer end of the rear sleeve and used for pressing the bearing outer ring. Furthermore, a bearing III temperature sensor (18) and a bearing IV temperature sensor (16) are embedded into the rear sleeve, a probe of the bearing III temperature sensor is located near the bearing III and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing III, and a probe of the bearing IV temperature sensor is located near the bearing IV and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing IV.
In the technical scheme, three unthreaded holes which are parallel to the rotor and used for installing the piezoelectric actuators are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric actuator support, and the three piezoelectric actuators are respectively arranged in the three parallel unthreaded holes in a sliding manner.
In the technical scheme, a front cooling liquid inlet pipe joint (6) and a front cooling liquid outlet pipe joint (8) which are communicated with a first cooling water channel (34) of the front sleeve, and a rear cooling liquid inlet pipe joint (11) and a rear cooling liquid outlet pipe joint (13) which are communicated with a second cooling water channel (41) of the rear sleeve are arranged on the base. Further, preceding coolant liquid inlet pipe joint (6) are equipped with preceding coolant liquid inlet temperature sensor (5) that are used for monitoring preceding coolant liquid inlet temperature, preceding coolant liquid outlet pipe joint (8) are equipped with preceding coolant liquid outlet temperature sensor (7) that are used for monitoring preceding coolant liquid outlet temperature, after coolant liquid inlet pipe joint (11) are equipped with after coolant liquid inlet temperature sensor (10) that are used for monitoring after coolant liquid inlet temperature, after coolant liquid outlet pipe joint (13) are equipped with coolant liquid outlet temperature sensor (12) that are used for monitoring after coolant liquid outlet temperature.
In the technical scheme, a plurality of positioning screws (15) parallel to the rotor are arranged at the outer end of the rear sleeve and used for switching a constant-pressure pre-tightening mode and a positioning pre-tightening module under a preset pre-tightening force.
The application method of the high-speed precision main shaft pretightening force test device comprises the following steps:
(1) After the test device is assembled, cooling liquid and oil gas are introduced for lubrication, and the initial pretightening force of the rotor is set according to the highest rotating speed of the rotor (namely a main shaft) and the cooling and lubricating conditions; the three pretightening force adjusting bolts (36) are sequentially adjusted in a circulating manner through a torque wrench, the pretightening force adjusting bolts push a piezoelectric actuator (38) to slide towards one side of a rear sleeve (14) in a unthreaded hole, so that a force sensor (39) at the end part of the piezoelectric actuator loads axial pretightening force to the rear sleeve (14), after the rear sleeve is stressed, the rear sleeve sequentially drives a rear bearing and a locking nut to load axial pretightening force on a rotor, the axial pretightening force on the rotor is measured through the force sensor in the loading process, the display values of the three force sensors are equal, and the sum of the display values is equal to the set initial pretightening force of the rotor;
(2) Under the static state of the rotor, controlling the elongation of the three piezoelectric actuators to further load axial pretightening force on the rotor, and respectively acquiring the pretightening force, the pretightening displacement of the rear sleeve and the pretightening displacement of the rotor through a data acquisition card to obtain the correlation between the pretightening force and the pretightening displacement under the static state;
(3) The rotor is driven to rotate, the rotating speed of the rotor is measured through an encoder, the extension amount of three piezoelectric actuators is respectively controlled according to the rotating speed of the rotor to further load axial pretightening force on the rotor, so that the display values of three force sensors are equal, the sum of the display values is equal to the set pretightening force, and meanwhile, the pretightening force, the pretightening displacement of a rear sleeve, the pretightening displacement of the rotor, the temperature of a bearing and the vibration of a front sleeve and a rear sleeve are respectively collected through a data acquisition card; gradually increasing the rotating speed until the highest rotating speed of the rotor;
(4) At a certain rotating speed, the temperature and the flow speed of the rotor cooling liquid can be changed, so that the pretightening force of the bearing can be changed or adjusted;
(5) After the experiment is finished, the rotating speed of the rotor is gradually reduced, and the pre-tightening force is gradually reduced according to the rotating speed until the initial pre-tightening force is recovered.
Furthermore, in the test process, the free switching between positioning pre-tightening and constant-pressure pre-tightening can be realized through the rear sleeve displacement sensor (30) and the positioning screw (15).
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the high-speed precision main shaft pretightening force test device can measure the pretightening force of the test bed in a static state, the pretightening displacement of the rear sleeve and the pretightening displacement of the rotor to obtain the correlation between the pretightening force and the pretightening displacement in the static state. The pre-tightening force of the test bed during operation, the pre-tightening displacement of the rear sleeve, the pre-tightening displacement of the rotor, the temperature of the bearing and the vibration of the front sleeve and the rear sleeve can be measured, so that the relation among the parameters in the motion state of the rotor can be researched.
The invention adopts the piezoelectric actuator as the loading device of the pre-tightening force of the main shaft, and has the advantages of high rigidity, high positioning precision and quick response.
According to the invention, the free switching of closed-loop control based on pre-tightening displacement, closed-loop control based on pre-tightening force, positioning and constant-pressure pre-tightening can be realized through the piezoelectric actuator, the force sensor and the displacement sensor.
The invention can monitor and adjust the temperature rise of the bearing through the temperature sensor and external cooling.
The method is used for revealing the correlation between the pretightening force-main shaft thermal characteristic-main shaft dynamic characteristic, and intelligently controlling the pretightening force according to the correlation between the pretightening force-main shaft thermal characteristic-main shaft dynamic characteristic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional isometric view of a high-speed precision spindle pretension testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an axial elevational view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A horizontal (A-A) cross-sectional view through the rotor axis of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a vertical (B-B) cross-sectional view of the invention through the rotor axis;
FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the present invention taken perpendicular to the rotor axis (piezoelectric actuator position C-C).
Number designation in the figures: 1. a base, 2. A rotor, 3. A front end cover, 4. A front sleeve, 5. A front cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor, 6. A front cooling liquid inlet pipe joint, 7. A front cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, 8. A front cooling liquid outlet pipe joint, 9. An actuator bracket, 10. A rear cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor, 11. A rear cooling liquid inlet pipe joint, 12. A rear cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor, 13. A rear cooling liquid outlet pipe joint, 14. A rear sleeve, 15. A positioning screw, 16. A bearing IV temperature sensor, 17. A rear end cover, 18. A bearing III temperature sensor, 19. A bearing IV, 20. A bearing III, 21, an encoder bracket, 22, a bearing I temperature sensor, 23, a first locking nut, 24, a bearing I, 25, a bearing II, 26, an encoder, 27, a bearing II temperature sensor, 28, a rotor displacement sensor, 29, a rotor displacement sensor bracket, 30, a rear sleeve displacement sensor, 31, a guide pin, 32, a rear sleeve vibration sensor, 33, a front sleeve vibration sensor, 34, a first cooling water channel, 35, a positioning end cover, 36, a pretightening force adjusting bolt, 37, a locking nut, 38, a piezoelectric actuator, 39, a force sensor, 40, a second locking nut, 41 and a second cooling water channel.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, in a high-speed precision spindle pre-tightening force test apparatus, a front sleeve 4 and a rear sleeve 14 are respectively disposed at two ends of a base 1, and a rotor 2 is mounted in the front sleeve 4 and the rear sleeve 14 through a bearing;
the front sleeve 4 is fixedly connected to the base 1 through a bolt, a bearing I24 and a bearing II 25 are arranged in the front sleeve 4 to install the rotor 2, and the bearing I24 and the bearing II 25 are axially locked on the rotor 2 through a first locking nut 23; the two ends of the front sleeve 4 are respectively provided with a positioning end cover 35 and a front end cover 3, the positioning end cover 35 is fixedly connected to the inner end of the front sleeve 4 through a bolt, and the front end cover 3 is fixed to the outer end of the front sleeve 4 through threads and used for pressing an outer ring of a bearing; a first cooling water channel 34 is arranged on the outer cylinder wall of the front sleeve 4 along the circumference thereof; a bearing I temperature sensor 22 and a bearing II temperature sensor 27 are embedded in the front sleeve 4, a probe of the bearing I temperature sensor 22 is positioned near the bearing I24 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing I24, and a probe of the bearing II temperature sensor 27 is positioned near the bearing II 25 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing II 25; a front sleeve vibration sensor 33 is further embedded in the front sleeve 4 (the front sleeve vibration sensor 33 is embedded in the front sleeve 4 through a positioning end cover 35) and is used for detecting a vibration signal of the front sleeve 4, namely a radial vibration signal when the rotor 2 rotates;
the rear sleeve 14 is arranged on the base 1 in a sliding manner through a guide pin 31, so that the rear sleeve 14 can slide along the axial direction of the base 1; a bearing III 20 and a bearing IV 19 are arranged in the rear sleeve 14 to mount the rotor 2, and the bearing III 20 and the bearing IV 19 are axially locked on the rotor 2 through a second locking nut 40; the outer end of the rear sleeve 14 is provided with a rear end cover 17 for pressing the bearing outer ring; a second cooling water passage 41 is formed in the outer cylindrical wall of the rear sleeve 14 along the circumference thereof; a bearing III temperature sensor 18 and a bearing IV temperature sensor 16 are embedded into the rear sleeve 14, a probe of the bearing III temperature sensor 18 is positioned near the bearing III 20 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing III 20, and a probe of the bearing IV temperature sensor 16 is positioned near the bearing IV 19 and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing IV 19; a rear sleeve vibration sensor 32 is embedded in the rear sleeve 14 and used for detecting a vibration signal of the rear sleeve 14, namely a radial vibration signal when the rotor 2 rotates; a rear sleeve displacement sensor 30 is arranged on the rear sleeve 14 and used for monitoring the axial displacement of the rear sleeve; a positioning screw 15 is arranged at the outer end of the rear sleeve 14 and used for switching a constant pressure pre-tightening mode and a positioning pre-tightening mode under a preset pre-tightening force;
a piezoelectric actuator support 9 is arranged on the base 1 between the front sleeve 4 and the rear sleeve 14, three piezoelectric actuators 38 which are parallel to the rotor and used for pushing the rear sleeve 14 are uniformly distributed on the actuator support 9 along the circumference of the rotor 2 (three optical holes which are parallel to the rotor and used for installing the piezoelectric actuators 38 are uniformly distributed on the piezoelectric actuator support, the three piezoelectric actuators 38 are respectively arranged in the three parallel optical holes in a sliding manner), a force sensor 39 is fixed at one end of each piezoelectric actuator 38, which is opposite to the rear sleeve 14, the other end of each piezoelectric actuator 38 (namely, the end, which is opposite to the front sleeve 4, of each piezoelectric actuator 38) is connected with a pre-tightening force adjusting bolt 36 embedded on the actuator support 9, a locking nut 37 is arranged on each pre-tightening force adjusting bolt 36, each piezoelectric actuator 38 is pushed to slide towards one side of the rear sleeve 14 in the optical hole by adjusting the pre-tightening force adjusting bolt 36, the force sensor 39 at the end of each piezoelectric actuator 38 is in contact with the rear sleeve 14, initial axial pre-tightening force is loaded on the rear sleeve 14 (after the rear sleeve 14 is loaded on the base 1, the rotor 14, the rear sleeve 14 sequentially drives the rear bearing, the axial pre-tightening force, and the axial pre-tightening force sensor is further measured by the axial pre-tightening force sensor 39, and the axial pre-tightening force loading amount of the rotor is further controlled by the axial pre-tightening force sensor 39;
a front coolant inlet pipe joint 6 and a front coolant outlet pipe joint 8 which are communicated with the first coolant channel 34 of the front sleeve 4, and a rear coolant inlet pipe joint 11 and a rear coolant outlet pipe joint 13 which are communicated with the second coolant channel 41 of the rear sleeve 14 are provided on the base 1; the front cooling liquid inlet pipe joint 6 is provided with a front cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor 5 for monitoring the inlet temperature of the front cooling liquid, the front cooling liquid outlet pipe joint 8 is provided with a front cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor 7 for monitoring the outlet temperature of the front cooling liquid, the rear cooling liquid inlet pipe joint 11 is provided with a rear cooling liquid inlet temperature sensor 10 for monitoring the inlet temperature of the rear cooling liquid, and the rear cooling liquid outlet pipe joint 13 is provided with a cooling liquid outlet temperature sensor 12 for monitoring the outlet temperature of the rear cooling liquid;
a rotor displacement sensor support 29 is arranged on the base 1, a rotor displacement sensor 28 is arranged on the rotor displacement sensor support 29, and the rotor displacement sensor 28 is used for monitoring the axial displacement of the rotor.
An encoder support 21 is arranged on the base 1, an encoder 26 is arranged on the encoder support 21, and the encoder 26 is used for monitoring the rotating speed of the rotor.
The use method of the high-speed precision main shaft pretightening force test device comprises the following steps:
(1) After the test device is assembled, cooling liquid and oil gas are introduced for lubrication, and the initial pretightening force of the rotor is set according to the highest rotating speed of the rotor (namely a main shaft) and the cooling and lubricating conditions; the three pretightening force adjusting bolts 36 are sequentially adjusted in a circulating manner through a torque wrench, the pretightening force adjusting bolts push the piezoelectric actuator 38 to slide towards one side of the rear sleeve 14 in the unthreaded hole, so that the force sensor 39 at the end part of the piezoelectric actuator loads axial pretightening force on the rear sleeve 14, after the rear sleeve is stressed, the rear sleeve sequentially drives the rear bearing and the locking nut to load axial pretightening force on the rotor, the axial pretightening force on the rotor is measured through the force sensor in the loading process, the display values of the three force sensors are equal, and the sum of the display values is equal to the set initial pretightening force of the rotor;
(2) Under the static state of the rotor, controlling the elongation of the three piezoelectric actuators to further load axial pretightening force on the rotor, and respectively acquiring the pretightening force, the pretightening displacement of the rear sleeve and the pretightening displacement of the rotor through a data acquisition card to obtain the correlation between the pretightening force and the pretightening displacement under the static state;
(3) The rotor is driven to rotate, the rotating speed of the rotor is measured through an encoder, the extension amount of three piezoelectric actuators is respectively controlled according to the rotating speed of the rotor to further load axial pretightening force on the rotor, so that the display values of three force sensors are equal, the sum of the display values is equal to the set pretightening force, and meanwhile, the pretightening force, the pretightening displacement of a rear sleeve, the pretightening displacement of the rotor, the temperature of a bearing and the vibration of a front sleeve and a rear sleeve are respectively collected through a data acquisition card; gradually increasing the rotating speed until the highest rotating speed of the rotor;
(4) At a certain rotating speed, the temperature and the flow speed of the rotor cooling liquid can be changed, so that the pretightening force of the bearing can be changed or adjusted;
(5) After the experiment is finished, the rotating speed of the rotor is gradually reduced, and the pre-tightening force is gradually reduced according to the rotating speed until the initial pre-tightening force is recovered.
In the test process, the constant-pressure pre-tightening mode under the established pre-tightening force can be switched to the positioning pre-tightening mode through the rear sleeve displacement sensor 30 and the positioning screw 15:
firstly, a piezoelectric actuator driving force sensor is utilized to apply target axial pretightening force to a rotor (three piezoelectric actuators are utilized to simultaneously apply expected pretightening force to the rotor, so that the display values of the three force sensors are equal, and the sum of the display values is equal to the set expected pretightening force value to the rotor), then a torque wrench is used for sequentially and circularly adjusting a positioning screw, and the axial pretightening force applied by the electric actuator is sequentially and circularly released, so that the display values of the three force sensors gradually tend to zero, and the constant-pressure pretightening mode under the set pretightening force can be switched into the positioning pretightening mode.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed accurate main shaft pretightning force test device, is provided with preceding sleeve (4) and back sleeve (14) respectively at the both ends of base (1), and rotor (2) pass through the bearing installation in preceding sleeve and back sleeve, its characterized in that:
the front sleeve is fixed with the base, and the rear sleeve is arranged on the base in a sliding mode through the guide pin;
a piezoelectric actuator support (9) is arranged on a base between the front sleeve and the rear sleeve, a plurality of piezoelectric actuators (38) which are parallel to the rotor and used for pushing the rear sleeve are uniformly distributed on the actuator support along the circumference of the rotor, the piezoelectric actuators are arranged in unthreaded holes of the piezoelectric actuator support in a sliding manner, one end, opposite to the rear sleeve, of each piezoelectric actuator is fixedly provided with a force sensor (39), and the other end of each piezoelectric actuator is connected with a pretightening force adjusting bolt (36) embedded on the actuator support;
the outer cylinder walls of the front sleeve and the rear sleeve are provided with cooling water channels along the circumference;
temperature sensors are embedded in the front sleeve and the rear sleeve and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing;
the front sleeve and the rear sleeve are respectively embedded with a vibration sensor for detecting a radial vibration signal when the rotor rotates;
a rear sleeve displacement sensor (30) is arranged on the rear sleeve and used for monitoring the axial displacement of the rear sleeve;
a rotor displacement sensor (28) for monitoring the axial displacement of the rotor is arranged on the base;
an encoder (26) for monitoring the rotation speed of the rotor is arranged on the base;
the front sleeve is fixedly connected to the base through a bolt, a bearing I and a bearing II are arranged in the front sleeve to install a rotor, and the bearing I and the bearing II are axially locked on the rotor through a first locking nut; a positioning end cover (35) and a front end cover (3) are respectively installed at two ends of the front sleeve, the positioning end covers are fixedly connected to the inner end of the front sleeve through bolts, and the front end cover is fixed to the outer end of the front sleeve through threads and used for pressing an outer ring of the bearing;
the last equipartition of piezoelectric actuator support has three with the parallel unthreaded hole that is used for the installation of rotor piezoelectric actuator, three piezoelectric actuator slides respectively and sets up in three parallel unthreaded hole.
2. The high-speed precision spindle preload test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the embedding is provided with I temperature sensor (22) of bearing and II temperature sensor (27) of bearing in the preceding sleeve, I temperature sensor's of bearing probe is located near I bearing for detect the operating temperature of I bearing, II temperature sensor's of bearing probe is located near II bearings, is used for detecting the operating temperature of II bearings.
3. The high-speed precision spindle preload test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a bearing III and a bearing IV are arranged in the rear sleeve to install the rotor, and the bearing III and the bearing IV are axially locked on the rotor through a second locking nut; and a rear end cover (17) is arranged at the outer end of the rear sleeve and used for pressing the bearing outer ring.
4. The high-speed precise main shaft pretightening force test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: a bearing III temperature sensor (18) and a bearing IV temperature sensor (16) are embedded into the rear sleeve, a probe of the bearing III temperature sensor is located near the bearing III and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing III, and a probe of the bearing IV temperature sensor is located near the bearing IV and used for detecting the working temperature of the bearing IV.
5. The high-speed precision spindle preload test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a front cooling liquid inlet pipe joint (6) and a front cooling liquid outlet pipe joint (8) which are communicated with a first cooling water channel (34) of the front sleeve, and a rear cooling liquid inlet pipe joint (11) and a rear cooling liquid outlet pipe joint (13) which are communicated with a second cooling water channel (41) of the rear sleeve are arranged on the base; preceding coolant liquid inlet pipe joint (6) are equipped with preceding coolant liquid entry temperature sensor (5) that are used for monitoring preceding coolant liquid entry temperature, preceding coolant liquid outlet pipe joint (8) are equipped with preceding coolant liquid exit temperature sensor (7) that are used for monitoring preceding coolant liquid exit temperature, after coolant liquid inlet pipe joint (11) are equipped with after coolant liquid entry temperature sensor (10) that are used for monitoring after coolant liquid entry temperature, after coolant liquid outlet pipe joint (13) are equipped with coolant liquid exit temperature sensor (12) that are used for monitoring after coolant liquid exit temperature.
6. The high-speed precise main shaft pretightening force test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a plurality of positioning screws (15) parallel to the rotor are arranged at the outer end of the rear sleeve.
7. Use of a high-speed precision spindle pretension test device according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) After the test device is assembled, introducing cooling liquid and oil gas for lubrication, and setting the initial pretightening force of the rotor according to the highest rotating speed of the rotor and the cooling and lubricating conditions; the three pretightening force adjusting bolts (36) are sequentially adjusted in a circulating manner through a torque wrench, the pretightening force adjusting bolts push a piezoelectric actuator (38) to slide towards one side of a rear sleeve (14) in a unthreaded hole, so that a force sensor (39) at the end part of the piezoelectric actuator loads axial pretightening force to the rear sleeve (14), after the rear sleeve is stressed, the rear sleeve sequentially drives a rear bearing and a locking nut to load axial pretightening force on a rotor, the axial pretightening force on the rotor is measured through the force sensor in the loading process, the display values of the three force sensors are equal, and the sum of the display values is equal to the set initial pretightening force of the rotor;
(2) Under the static state of the rotor, controlling the elongation of the three piezoelectric actuators to further load axial pretightening force on the rotor, and respectively acquiring the pretightening force, the pretightening displacement of the rear sleeve and the pretightening displacement of the rotor through a data acquisition card to obtain the correlation between the pretightening force and the pretightening displacement under the static state;
(3) The rotor is driven to rotate, the rotating speed of the rotor is measured through an encoder, the extension amount of three piezoelectric actuators is respectively controlled according to the rotating speed of the rotor to further load axial pretightening force on the rotor, so that the display values of three force sensors are equal, the sum of the display values is equal to the set pretightening force, and meanwhile, the pretightening force, the pretightening displacement of a rear sleeve, the pretightening displacement of the rotor, the temperature of a bearing and the vibration of a front sleeve and a rear sleeve are respectively collected through a data acquisition card; gradually increasing the rotating speed until the highest rotating speed of the rotor;
(4) Under a certain rotating speed, the temperature and the flow speed of the rotor cooling liquid are changed, so that the pretightening force of the bearing is changed or adjusted;
(5) After the experiment is finished, the rotating speed of the rotor is gradually reduced, and the pre-tightening force is gradually reduced according to the rotating speed until the initial pre-tightening force is recovered.
8. The use method of the high-speed precision spindle pretightening force test device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the positioning pre-tightening and the constant pressure pre-tightening can be freely switched by a rear sleeve displacement sensor (30) and a positioning screw (15).
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