CN104236907A - Rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measuring device and method - Google Patents
Rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置及方法，该装置包括实验主轴、后支承组件、加载带轮、前支承组件、实验台以及固定在实验台上的前托架、微型梁传感器托架和后托架等；该方法包括以下步骤：1)分别将微型梁称重传感器、力传感器以及位移传感器安装在对应的位置上；2)通过向加载套圈施力，使待测角接触球轴承实现预紧；3)启动拖动电主轴，带动实验主轴在设定转速下运转；4)测量得到待测角接触球轴承的摩擦力矩、轴承轴向载荷变化量及内外圈相对位移；5)将测得的轴向载荷变化量、内圈相对位移绘制成轴承刚度曲线，得到待测角接触球轴承的轴承刚度。本发明能够测量在不同转速、预紧力、轴上载荷三个因素影响下滚动轴承的摩擦力矩与刚度。
A rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measurement device and method, the device includes an experimental main shaft, a rear support assembly, a loading pulley, a front support assembly, a test bench, a front bracket fixed on the test bench, a micro-beam sensor bracket and a rear Brackets, etc.; the method comprises the following steps: 1) respectively installing the micro-beam load cell, force sensor and displacement sensor on corresponding positions; 2) by applying force to the loading ring, the angular contact ball bearing to be measured is realized Preload; 3) Start and drag the electric spindle to drive the experimental spindle to run at the set speed; 4) Measure the friction torque of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested, the axial load change of the bearing and the relative displacement of the inner and outer rings; The measured axial load variation and the relative displacement of the inner ring are plotted into a bearing stiffness curve to obtain the bearing stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested. The invention can measure the friction moment and rigidity of the rolling bearing under the influence of three factors of different speeds, pre-tightening force and load on the shaft.
Description
【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明属于测量技术领域，具体涉及一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement, and in particular relates to a measuring device and method for friction torque and stiffness of a rolling bearing.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
滚动轴承作为机械装备的重要基础部件，在机械制造的各个领域应用广泛，其在机械装备中起着承载和传递运动的作用。滚动轴承在旋转过程中，由于其外圈、内圈、保持架、滚珠、密封部件的相互接触，存在着摩擦力矩，摩擦力矩的大小不仅取决于轴承本身的结构尺寸、几何精度、材料性能，还与工作载荷、装配精度、润滑条件以及加工因素等有关。滚动轴承摩擦力矩的大小影响着功率消耗以及轴承的发热量，直接影响着轴承的温升失效，是轴承优化设计中的一个重要的性能指标。As an important basic component of mechanical equipment, rolling bearings are widely used in various fields of mechanical manufacturing, and they play a role in carrying and transmitting motion in mechanical equipment. During the rotation of rolling bearings, due to the mutual contact between the outer ring, inner ring, cage, balls, and sealing parts, there is a friction torque. The size of the friction torque depends not only on the structural size, geometric accuracy, and material properties of the bearing itself, but also It is related to working load, assembly accuracy, lubrication conditions and processing factors. The friction torque of rolling bearings affects the power consumption and heat generation of bearings, and directly affects the temperature rise and failure of bearings. It is an important performance index in the optimal design of bearings.
【发明内容】【Content of invention】
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供了一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置及方法，其能够检测一种安装在轴系中的滚动轴承在不同转速、预紧力以及轴上载荷作用下，相应的摩擦力矩及刚度。The object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a rolling bearing friction torque and stiffness measurement device and method, which can detect a rolling bearing installed in the shaft system under different speeds, preloads and shaft loads Below, the corresponding friction torque and stiffness.
为达到上述目的，本发明通过如下的技术方案予以实现的：To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置，包括实验主轴、后支承组件、加载带轮、前支承组件、实验台以及固定在实验台上的前托架、微型梁传感器托架和后托架；其中，实验主轴的前后两端各设有一个轴肩；前支承组件包括设置在实验主轴前端轴肩处的待测角接触球轴承，待测角接触球轴承的一端与实验主轴前端轴肩贴合，其另一端通过前支承锁紧螺母锁紧，待测角接触球轴承的周向由内向外依次设置有加载套圈、空气径向轴承和前支承轴承座，前支承轴承座固定在前托架上，实验主轴前端还设置有用于贴合加载套圈、空气径向轴承的空气止推轴承和用于密封前支承轴承座的前支承前端盖，空气止推轴承的端面上周向均匀设置有若干提供压缩空气的空气止推轴承气孔，空气径向轴承的周向均匀设置有若干用以提供压缩空气的空气径向轴承气孔，加载套圈的周向设置有一个加载套圈凸台，若干力传感器周向均匀安装在加载套圈的挡边内，且与待测角接触球轴承外圈端面接触，若干位移传感器周向均匀安装在前支承前端盖上；后支承组件包括设置在实验主轴后端轴肩处的角接触球轴承，角接触球轴承的一端与实验主轴后端轴肩贴合，其另一端通过后支承锁紧螺母锁紧，角接触球轴承的周向设置有后支承轴承座，后支承轴承座固定在后托架上，后支承轴承座的前后两端通过后支承前端盖和后支承后端盖密封；微型梁称重传感器安装在微型梁传感器托架，其通过柔性细线穿过开设在前支承轴承座周向的通孔与加载套圈凸台相连接；加载带轮安装在实验主轴的中部。A rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measurement device, comprising an experimental main shaft, a rear support assembly, a loading pulley, a front support assembly, a test bench, and a front bracket fixed on the test bench, a miniature beam sensor bracket and a rear bracket; wherein , the front and rear ends of the experimental spindle are respectively provided with a shoulder; the front support assembly includes the angular contact ball bearing to be tested arranged at the shoulder of the front end of the experimental spindle, and one end of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested is attached to the front shoulder of the experimental spindle , the other end of which is locked by the front support lock nut. The circumferential direction of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested is provided with a loading ring, an air radial bearing and a front support bearing seat in sequence from the inside to the outside. The front support bearing seat is fixed on the front support On the frame, the front end of the experimental spindle is also equipped with an air thrust bearing for fitting the loading ring, an air radial bearing, and a front support front end cover for sealing the front support bearing seat, and the end surface of the air thrust bearing is evenly arranged in the circumferential direction There are several air thrust bearing air holes for supplying compressed air, several air radial bearing air holes for providing compressed air are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the air radial bearing, and a loading ring boss is arranged in the circumferential direction of the loading ring. Several force sensors are evenly installed in the rib of the loading ring in the circumferential direction, and are in contact with the end surface of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested; several displacement sensors are evenly installed in the circumferential direction on the front end cover of the front support; The angular contact ball bearing at the shoulder of the rear end of the main shaft, one end of the angular contact ball bearing is attached to the rear end shoulder of the experimental spindle, and the other end is locked by the rear support lock nut, and the circumferential direction of the angular contact ball bearing is provided with a rear Bearing seat, the rear support bearing seat is fixed on the rear bracket, the front and rear ends of the rear support bearing seat are sealed by the front end cover of the rear support and the rear end cover of the rear support; the microbeam load cell is installed on the microbeam sensor bracket, and its Through the through hole provided in the circumferential direction of the front support bearing seat, the flexible thin wire is connected with the boss of the loading ring; the loading pulley is installed in the middle of the experimental main shaft.
本发明进一步改进在于：加载套圈采用过盈配合安装在待测角接触球轴承的外圈。The further improvement of the present invention is that: the loading ring adopts interference fit and is installed on the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested.
本发明进一步改进在于：加载套圈凸台位于加载套圈)的后部周向最低点位置，使得微型梁称重传感器的测量端与加载套圈切向连接。The further improvement of the present invention is that: the boss of the loading collar is located at the lowest point in the rear circumferential direction of the loading collar), so that the measuring end of the micro-beam load cell is connected tangentially to the loading collar.
本发明进一步改进在于：空气止推轴承的端面上周向均匀设置有六个提供压缩空气的空气止推轴承气孔。The further improvement of the present invention lies in that six air holes of the air thrust bearing for supplying compressed air are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the end surface of the air thrust bearing.
本发明进一步改进在于：空气径向轴承的周向均匀设置有四列用以提供压缩空气的空气径向轴承气孔，每列上各周向均匀设置有六个空气径向轴承气孔。The further improvement of the present invention lies in that four rows of air radial bearing air holes for supplying compressed air are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the air radial bearing, and six air radial bearing air holes are uniformly arranged in each circumferential direction of each row.
本发明进一步改进在于：力传感器的数量为三个，其导线通过加载套圈上的线槽引出。The further improvement of the present invention lies in that: the number of force sensors is three, and the wires thereof are led out through the wire slots on the loading ferrule.
一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置的测量方法，包括以下步骤：A method for measuring rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measuring device, comprising the following steps:
1)安装传感器：将微型梁称重传感器安装在微型梁传感器托架上，柔性细线一端连接微型梁称重传感器的测头，其另一端穿过前支承轴承座上通孔并胶粘在加载套圈周向的加载套圈凸台上；将若干力传感器周向均匀安装在加载套圈挡边内，并与待测角接触球轴承的外圈端面接触；将若干位移传感器周向均匀安装在前支承前端盖上的安装孔内，并保证位移传感器的测头与加载套圈保持设定距离；1) Install the sensor: install the micro-beam load cell on the micro-beam sensor bracket, one end of the flexible thin wire is connected to the measuring head of the micro-beam load cell, and the other end passes through the through hole on the front support bearing seat and glues it on On the boss of the loading ring in the circumferential direction of the loading ring; install several force sensors evenly in the circumferential direction in the rib of the loading ring, and make contact with the end face of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested; place several displacement sensors evenly in the circumferential direction Installed in the installation hole on the front end cover of the front support, and ensure that the measuring head of the displacement sensor and the loading ferrule maintain a set distance;
2)打开供气系统，检查空气止推轴承和空气径向轴承供气回路工作状态；调节供气压力，使空气径向轴承与加载套圈之间形成稳定的气膜；空气止推轴承向加载套圈施加推力，并通过加载套圈传递给待测角接触球轴承外圈，使待测角接触球轴承实现预紧；2) Open the air supply system, check the working status of the air supply circuit of the air thrust bearing and air radial bearing; adjust the air supply pressure to form a stable air film between the air radial bearing and the loading ring; The thrust is applied by the loading ring and transmitted to the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested through the loading ring, so that the angular contact ball bearing to be tested can be preloaded;
3)启动拖动电主轴，带动实验主轴在设定转速下运转；3) Start and drag the electric spindle to drive the experimental spindle to run at the set speed;
4)由微型梁称重传感器、若干力传感器、若干位移传感器分别得到待测角接触球轴承的摩擦力矩M、轴承轴向载荷变化量ΔF以及内外圈相对位移Δx；4) The frictional moment M of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested, the axial load variation ΔF of the bearing, and the relative displacement Δx of the inner and outer rings are respectively obtained from the micro-beam load cell, several force sensors, and several displacement sensors;
5)将测得的待测角接触球轴承不同工作条件下的摩擦力矩M、轴向载荷变化量ΔF、内外圈相对位移Δx记录下来；将测得的轴向载荷变化量ΔF、内圈相对位移Δx绘制成轴承刚度曲线，得到待测角接触球轴承的轴承刚度。5) Record the measured frictional moment M, axial load variation ΔF, and relative displacement Δx of the inner and outer rings under different working conditions of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested; record the measured axial load variation ΔF, relative displacement of the inner ring The displacement Δx is plotted into a bearing stiffness curve to obtain the bearing stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested.
8、根据权利要求7所述的一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置的测量方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：8. A method for measuring rolling bearing frictional moment and stiffness measuring device according to claim 7, further comprising the following steps:
6)一次数据测量完成后，通过改变待测角接触球轴承的转速、调节空气止推轴承施加的载荷改变待测角接触球轴承所承受的预紧力、通过加载带轮调节施加在实验主轴上的载荷，得到待测角接触球轴承在不同工作条件下的摩擦力矩与刚度测量数据。6) After a data measurement is completed, change the preload on the angular contact ball bearing to be tested by changing the rotational speed of the angular contact ball bearing to be tested, adjust the load applied by the air thrust bearing, and adjust the load applied to the experimental spindle by loading the pulley. The friction torque and stiffness measurement data of the tested angular contact ball bearing under different working conditions are obtained.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:
本发明一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置及方法，该方法能够测量转速、预紧力、轴上载荷三个因素影响下滚动轴承的摩擦力矩与刚度；该装置中利用空气轴承实现非接触式的加载和支撑可以保证待测角接触球轴承可自由运动而不受约束，使得所测得的数据更加接近轴承运动的实际情况。The invention discloses a rolling bearing friction torque and stiffness measurement device and method, the method can measure the friction torque and stiffness of the rolling bearing under the influence of three factors of rotational speed, pre-tightening force and load on the shaft; the device utilizes an air bearing to realize non-contact Loading and support can ensure that the angular contact ball bearing to be tested can move freely without restraint, making the measured data closer to the actual situation of bearing motion.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
图1为本发明一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置的立体图；Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a rolling bearing frictional moment and stiffness measuring device of the present invention;
图2a为本发明一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置去除实验台后的一种状态的正视图，图2b为图2a的A-A向剖视图；Fig. 2a is a front view of a rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measuring device of the present invention in a state after the test bench is removed, and Fig. 2b is a sectional view along the A-A direction of Fig. 2a;
图3a为本发明一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置去除实验台后的另一种状态的正视图，图3b为图3a的B-B向剖视图；Fig. 3a is a front view of another state of a rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measuring device of the present invention after removing the test bench, and Fig. 3b is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 3a;
图4为本发明空气止推轴承的结构示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the air thrust bearing of the present invention;
图5为本发明空气径向轴承的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the air radial bearing of the present invention;
图6为本发明力传感器安装位置图。Fig. 6 is a diagram of the installation position of the force sensor of the present invention.
其中：1、实验主轴；2、后支承组件；3、加载带轮；4、前支承组件；5、实验台；6、前托架；7、微型梁称重传感器；8、微型梁传感器托架；9、后托架；10、后支承后端盖；11、后支承锁紧螺母；12、后支承轴承座；13、角接触球轴承；14、后支承前端盖；15、空气止推轴承；16、前支承轴承座；17、空气径向轴承；18、前支承前端盖；19、前支承锁紧螺母；20、待测角接触球轴承；21、加载套圈；22、力传感器；23、位移传感器；151、空气止推轴承气孔；171、空气径向轴承气孔；211、加载套圈凸台。Among them: 1. Experimental spindle; 2. Rear support assembly; 3. Loading pulley; 4. Front support assembly; 5. Experimental platform; 6. Front bracket; 7. Micro beam weighing sensor; Frame; 9. Rear bracket; 10. Rear support rear end cover; 11. Rear support lock nut; 12. Rear support bearing seat; 13. Angular contact ball bearing; 14. Rear support front end cover; 15. Air thrust Bearing; 16. Front support bearing seat; 17. Air radial bearing; 18. Front end cover of front support; 19. Front support lock nut; 20. Angular contact ball bearing to be tested; 21. Loading ring; 22. Force sensor ; 23, displacement sensor; 151, air thrust bearing air hole; 171, air radial bearing air hole; 211, loading ring boss.
【具体实施方式】【Detailed ways】
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1至图6，本发明一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置，包括实验主轴1、后支承组件2、加载带轮3、前支承组件4、实验台5以及固定在实验台5上的前托架6、微型梁传感器托架8和后托架9；其中，实验主轴1的前后两端各设有一个轴肩；前支承组件4包括设置在实验主轴1前端轴肩处的待测角接触球轴承20，待测角接触球轴承20的一端与实验主轴1前端轴肩贴合，其另一端通过前支承锁紧螺母19锁紧，待测角接触球轴承20的周向由内向外依次设置有加载套圈21、空气径向轴承17和前支承轴承座16，前支承轴承座16通过螺栓固定在前托架6上，实验主轴1前端还设置有用于贴合加载套圈21、空气径向轴承17的空气止推轴承15和用于密封前支承轴承座16的前支承前端盖18，空气径向轴承17和空气止推轴承15作为加载和支撑装置，空气止推轴承15的端面上周向均匀设置有若干提供压缩空气的空气止推轴承气孔151，空气径向轴承17的周向均匀设置有若干用以提供压缩空气的空气径向轴承气孔171，加载套圈21的周向设置有一个加载套圈凸台211，若干力传感器22周向均匀安装在加载套圈21的挡边内，且与待测角接触球轴承20外圈端面接触，若干位移传感器23周向均匀安装在前支承前端盖18上；后支承组件2包括设置在实验主轴1后端轴肩处的角接触球轴承13，角接触球轴承13的一端与实验主轴1后端轴肩贴合，其另一端通过后支承锁紧螺母11锁紧，角接触球轴承13的周向设置有后支承轴承座12，后支承轴承座12通过螺栓固定在后托架9上，后支承轴承座12的前后两端通过后支承前端盖14和后支承后端盖10密封；微型梁称重传感器7安装在微型梁传感器托架8，其通过柔性细线穿过开设在前支承轴承座16周向的通孔与加载套圈凸台211相连接；加载带轮3安装在实验主轴1的中部，可向实验主轴1施加载荷。Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6, a rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measuring device of the present invention includes an experimental main shaft 1, a rear support assembly 2, a loading pulley 3, a front support assembly 4, an experimental bench 5 and a test bench fixed on the experimental bench 5. Front bracket 6, micro-beam sensor bracket 8 and rear bracket 9; wherein, the front and rear ends of the experimental main shaft 1 are respectively provided with a shaft shoulder; Angular contact ball bearing 20, one end of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested is attached to the shoulder of the front end of the experimental spindle 1, and the other end is locked by the front support lock nut 19, and the circumferential direction of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested is from inward to A loading ring 21, an air radial bearing 17, and a front support bearing seat 16 are sequentially arranged on the outside, and the front support bearing seat 16 is fixed on the front bracket 6 by bolts. The front end of the experimental spindle 1 is also provided with a loading ring 21 for fitting 1. The air thrust bearing 15 of the air radial bearing 17 and the front support front end cover 18 for sealing the front support bearing seat 16, the air radial bearing 17 and the air thrust bearing 15 are used as loading and supporting devices, and the air thrust bearing 15 A number of air thrust bearing air holes 151 for providing compressed air are evenly arranged on the circumferential direction of the end face of the air bearing 17, and a number of air radial bearing air holes 171 for providing compressed air are evenly arranged on the circumferential direction of the air radial bearing 17, and the loading ring 21 A loading ring boss 211 is arranged in the circumferential direction, and several force sensors 22 are evenly installed in the rib of the loading ring 21 in the circumferential direction, and are in contact with the end face of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured. Evenly installed on the front end cover 18 of the front support; the rear support assembly 2 includes an angular contact ball bearing 13 arranged on the shoulder of the rear end of the experimental main shaft 1, and one end of the angular contact ball bearing 13 fits on the shoulder of the rear end of the experimental main shaft 1, Its other end is locked by the rear support lock nut 11, and the circumferential direction of the angular contact ball bearing 13 is provided with a rear support bearing seat 12, and the rear support bearing seat 12 is fixed on the rear bracket 9 by bolts, and the rear support bearing seat 12 The front and rear ends are sealed by the rear support front end cover 14 and the rear support rear end cover 10; the micro-beam load cell 7 is installed on the micro-beam sensor bracket 8, which passes through the circumferential opening of the front support bearing seat 16 through a flexible thin line. The through hole is connected with the boss 211 of the loading collar; the loading pulley 3 is installed in the middle of the experimental main shaft 1 and can apply load to the experimental main shaft 1 .
其中，加载套圈21采用过盈配合安装在待测角接触球轴承20的外圈，以保证与待测角接触球轴承20的外圈运动保持一致。Wherein, the loading ring 21 is installed on the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested with an interference fit, so as to ensure consistency with the movement of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested.
进一步地，加载套圈凸台211位于加载套圈21的后部周向最低点位置，使得微型梁称重传感器7的测量端与加载套圈21切向连接，将测量的力传递给力传感器22。即微型梁称重传感器7的测量端与加载套圈凸台211的位置保持平行，且高度与加载套圈凸台211的高度位置保持一致。Further, the loading collar boss 211 is located at the lowest point in the rear circumferential direction of the loading collar 21, so that the measuring end of the microbeam load cell 7 is connected tangentially to the loading collar 21, and the measured force is transmitted to the force sensor 22 . That is, the measuring end of the micro-beam load cell 7 is kept parallel to the position of the boss 211 of the loading collar, and the height is consistent with the height position of the boss 211 of the loading collar.
进一步地，空气止推轴承15的端面上周向均匀设置有六个提供压缩空气的空气止推轴承气孔151，从而在待测角接触球轴承20上施加预紧力。空气径向轴承17的周向均匀设置有四列用以提供压缩空气的空气径向轴承气孔171，每列上各周向均匀设置有六个空气径向轴承气孔171，使得在空气径向轴承17与加载套圈21与之间形成气膜，从而为实验主轴提供后部支撑。力传感器22的数量为三个，其导线通过加载套圈21上的线槽引出。Further, six air thrust bearing air holes 151 for supplying compressed air are uniformly arranged on the end surface of the air thrust bearing 15 in the circumferential direction, so as to exert a preload on the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested. The air radial bearing 17 is evenly provided with four rows of air radial bearing air holes 171 for providing compressed air in the circumferential direction, and six air radial bearing air holes 171 are evenly arranged in each circumferential direction on each row, so that in the air radial bearing An air film is formed between 17 and the loading collar 21 to provide rear support for the experimental spindle. The quantity of force sensor 22 is three, and its lead wire is led out through the wire groove on the loading ferrule 21.
为了对本发明进一步了解，现对其结构做进一步详细说明。In order to further understand the present invention, its structure is now described in further detail.
本发明一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置，包括实验主轴1、滚动轴承刚度检测装置和测量滚动轴承的摩擦力矩的微型梁称重传感器7；实验主轴1通过前托架6和后托架9安装在实验台5上；实验主轴1的后端与拖动电主轴的前端使用联轴器连接并保证同轴。实验主轴1由前后两个支承作为支撑，实验主轴1中部安装有用来加载力的加载带轮3。A rolling bearing friction moment and stiffness measuring device of the present invention comprises an experimental main shaft 1, a rolling bearing stiffness detection device and a miniature beam weighing sensor 7 for measuring the frictional moment of the rolling bearing; the experimental main shaft 1 is installed on the front bracket 6 and the rear bracket 9 On the experimental platform 5; the rear end of the experimental main shaft 1 is connected with the front end of the driving electric main shaft using a coupling to ensure coaxiality. The experimental main shaft 1 is supported by two supports at the front and rear, and a loading pulley 3 for loading force is installed in the middle of the experimental main shaft 1 .
前支承组件4为轴承摩擦力矩测试对象，同时起支撑作用。包括待测角接触球轴承20，待测角接触球轴承20的一端由实验主轴1的轴肩固定，另一端由前支承锁紧螺母19锁紧。待测角接触球轴承20外装有加载套圈21，加载套圈21与待测角接触球轴承20采用过盈配合，以保证加载套圈21与待测角接触球轴承20外圈运动保持同步。加载套圈21外同轴安装有空气止推轴承15和空气径向轴承17作为加载和支撑装置；空气径向轴承17外同轴安装有前支承轴承座16，前支承轴承座16通过前托架6固定在实验台5上。后支承组件2只起支撑的作用，包括角接触球轴承13，角接触球轴承13一端由实验主轴1的轴肩固定，另一端由后支承锁紧螺母11锁紧；角接触球轴承13上套装有后支承轴承座12，后支承轴承座12用螺栓固定在后托架9上，后托架9固定在实验台5板面上。The front support assembly 4 is the test object of the bearing friction moment, and plays a supporting role simultaneously. Including the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured, one end of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured is fixed by the shoulder of the experimental spindle 1, and the other end is locked by the front support lock nut 19. The angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested is equipped with a loading ring 21, and the loading ring 21 and the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested adopt an interference fit to ensure that the movement of the loading ring 21 and the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested are kept in sync. . An air thrust bearing 15 and an air radial bearing 17 are coaxially installed on the outside of the loading ring 21 as a loading and supporting device; a front support bearing seat 16 is installed coaxially on the outside of the air radial bearing 17, and the front support bearing seat 16 passes through the front bracket The frame 6 is fixed on the test bench 5 . The rear support assembly 2 only plays the role of support, including angular contact ball bearings 13, one end of which is fixed by the shoulder of the experimental main shaft 1, and the other end is locked by the rear support lock nut 11; Back support bearing seat 12 is suitably equipped with, and back support bearing seat 12 is fixed on the rear bracket 9 with bolts, and rear bracket 9 is fixed on the test bench 5 board surfaces.
空气止推轴承15周向均布六个空气止推轴承气孔151用以提供压缩空气，从而在待测角接触球轴承20上施加预紧力。空气径向轴承17上分周向均布四列空气径向轴承气孔171，每列上各有六个空气径向轴承气孔171，用以提供压缩空气，在加载套圈21与待测角接触球轴承20之间形成气膜，从而为实验主轴1提供后部支撑。Six air thrust bearing air holes 151 are evenly distributed around the air thrust bearing 15 to provide compressed air, thereby exerting a preload on the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested. The air radial bearing 17 is divided into four rows of air radial bearing air holes 171 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and each row has six air radial bearing air holes 171 to provide compressed air. 20 to form an air film to provide rear support for the experimental spindle 1.
前支承轴承座16与微型梁称重传感器7平行位置打有细孔以使柔性细线从轴承座中穿出，连接到微型梁称重传感器7上。The front support bearing seat 16 and the microbeam load cell 7 parallel positions are punched with thin holes so that flexible thin wires can pass through the bearing seat and be connected to the microbeam load cell 7 .
利用空气止推轴承15实现滚动轴承预紧力的非接触式加载，通过调节供气压力的大小，可以控制作用在待测角接触球轴承20上预紧力的大小。利用空气径向轴承17作为实验主轴前部以及待测角接触球轴承20、前支承锁紧螺母19、加载套圈21的支撑，这种非接触式的加载和支撑方式可以保证待测角接触球轴承20可自由运动而不受约束，使得所测得的数据更加接近轴承运动的实际情况。The air thrust bearing 15 is used to realize the non-contact loading of the pretightening force of the rolling bearing, and the magnitude of the pretightening force acting on the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested can be controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the air supply pressure. The air radial bearing 17 is used as the support of the front part of the experimental main shaft and the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested, the front support lock nut 19, and the loading ring 21. This non-contact loading and supporting method can ensure that the angular contact to be measured is The ball bearing 20 can move freely without restriction, so that the measured data is closer to the actual situation of the bearing movement.
测量装置中传感器包括测量轴承摩擦力矩的微型梁称重传感器7、测量轴承所受载荷的力传感器22以及测量轴承内外圈相对位移的位移传感器23。微型梁称重传感器7通过微型梁传感器托架8固定在实验台5上，力传感器22安装在加载套圈21上，位移传感器23设置在前支承轴承座上16。The sensors in the measuring device include a micro-beam load cell 7 for measuring the friction torque of the bearing, a force sensor 22 for measuring the load on the bearing, and a displacement sensor 23 for measuring the relative displacement of the inner and outer rings of the bearing. The micro-beam load cell 7 is fixed on the test bench 5 through the micro-beam sensor bracket 8, the force sensor 22 is installed on the loading collar 21, and the displacement sensor 23 is arranged on the front support bearing seat 16.
加载套圈21根据待测角接触球轴承20的外径配套加工；采用轻质材料以减小其对待测角接触球轴承20运动的影响。该加载套圈21采用过盈配合与待测角接触球轴承20外圈连接，加载套圈21的前端面和圆柱表面经过局部加工处理以用于和空气止推轴承15、空气径向轴承17配合实现轴向的加载和径向的支撑。加载套圈21挡边径向分布有三个圆槽用以安装力传感器22，套圈内壁与圆槽对应位置开有三个线槽用以将传感器线引出。所述套圈的后部周向最低点位置设有加载套圈凸台211，用于和微型梁称重传感器7连接以实现摩擦力矩测量。The loading ring 21 is processed according to the outer diameter of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured; lightweight materials are used to reduce its influence on the movement of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured. The loading ring 21 is connected with the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested by an interference fit, and the front end surface and the cylindrical surface of the loading ring 21 are partially processed for use with the air thrust bearing 15 and the air radial bearing 17 Cooperate to realize axial loading and radial support. There are three circular grooves radially distributed on the rib of the loading ferrule 21 for installing the force sensor 22 , and three wire grooves are opened on the inner wall of the ferrule corresponding to the circular grooves to lead out the sensor wires. A loading collar boss 211 is provided at the lowest point in the rear circumferential direction of the collar, which is used to connect with the micro-beam load cell 7 to measure the frictional torque.
微型梁称重传感器7通过微型梁传感器托架8固联于实验台5上，胶粘在加载套圈凸台211上的柔性细线另一端连接在微型梁称重传感器7上。待测角接触球轴承20内圈随实验主轴1旋转时产生的摩擦力传递到待测角接触球轴承20外圈，继而传递到加载套圈21上，使加载套圈21和微型梁称重传感器7之间有相对运动趋势，此时通过微型梁称重传感器7测量到的作用力即可推算出待测角接触球轴承20启动及稳定旋转时的摩擦力矩。The micro-beam load cell 7 is fixedly connected to the test bench 5 through the micro-beam sensor bracket 8 , and the other end of the flexible thin wire glued to the boss 211 of the loading collar is connected to the micro-beam load cell 7 . The friction force generated when the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested rotates with the experimental spindle 1 is transmitted to the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested, and then to the loading ring 21, so that the loading ring 21 and the microbeam are weighed There is a relative movement tendency among the sensors 7 , at this time, the force measured by the micro-beam load cell 7 can be used to calculate the friction torque when the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured starts and rotates stably.
力传感器22共三只，径向均布安装在加载套圈21挡边内，与待测角接触球轴承20外圈端面接触，导线通过加载套圈21的线槽引出。位移传感器23共三只，周向均布安装在前支承端盖18上。There are three force sensors 22, which are installed radially evenly in the rib of the loading ring 21, and contact with the end surface of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested, and the wires are drawn out through the slot of the loading ring 21. There are three displacement transducers 23, which are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction and are installed on the front support end cover 18.
本发明一种滚动轴承摩擦力矩与刚度测量装置的测量方法，该方法可进行不同转速、预紧力、轴力的工况下轴承的刚度及摩擦力矩的测量，具体包括下列步骤：The invention discloses a method for measuring the frictional moment and stiffness of a rolling bearing. The method can measure the stiffness and frictional moment of the bearing under different rotational speeds, preloads, and axial forces, and specifically includes the following steps:
1)安装传感器：将微型梁称重传感器7安装在微型梁传感器托架8上，柔性细线一端连接微型梁称重传感器7的测头，其另一端穿过前支承轴承座16上通孔并胶粘在加载套圈21周向的加载套圈凸台211上；将若干力传感器22周向均匀安装在加载套圈21挡边内，并与待测角接触球轴承20的外圈端面接触；将若干位移传感器23周向均匀安装在前支承前端盖18上的安装孔内，并保证位移传感器23的测头与加载套圈21保持设定距离；1) Install the sensor: install the microbeam load cell 7 on the microbeam sensor bracket 8, one end of the flexible thin wire is connected to the measuring head of the microbeam load cell 7, and the other end passes through the through hole on the front support bearing seat 16 and glued on the loading ring boss 211 of the loading ring 21 circumferential direction; several force sensors 22 are evenly installed in the circumferential direction of the loading ring 21 ribs, and are connected to the end surface of the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured Contact; several displacement sensors 23 are evenly installed circumferentially in the installation holes on the front end cover 18 of the front support, and ensure that the measuring heads of the displacement sensors 23 and the loading ferrule 21 maintain a set distance;
2)打开供气系统，检查空气止推轴承15和空气径向轴承17供气回路工作状态；调节供气压力，使空气径向轴承17与加载套圈21之间形成稳定的气膜；空气止推轴承15向加载套圈21施加推力，并通过加载套圈21传递给待测角接触球轴承20外圈，使待测角接触球轴承20实现预紧；2) Open the air supply system, check the working status of the air supply circuit of the air thrust bearing 15 and the air radial bearing 17; adjust the air supply pressure so that a stable air film is formed between the air radial bearing 17 and the loading ring 21; The thrust bearing 15 applies thrust to the loading ring 21, and transmits the thrust to the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured through the loading ring 21, so that the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured is preloaded;
3)启动拖动电主轴，带动实验主轴1在设定转速下运转；3) Start and drag the electric spindle to drive the experimental spindle 1 to run at the set speed;
4)由微型梁称重传感器7、若干力传感器22、若干位移传感器23分别得到待测角接触球轴承20的摩擦力矩M、轴承轴向载荷变化量ΔF以及内外圈相对位移Δx；4) Obtain the frictional moment M of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured, the axial load variation ΔF of the bearing, and the relative displacement Δx of the inner and outer rings by the micro-beam load cell 7, several force sensors 22, and several displacement sensors 23;
5)将测得的待测角接触球轴承20不同工作条件下的摩擦力矩M、轴向载荷变化量ΔF、内外圈相对位移Δx记录下来；将测得的轴向载荷变化量ΔF、内圈相对位移Δx绘制成轴承刚度曲线，得到待测角接触球轴承20的轴承刚度；5) Record the measured frictional moment M, axial load variation ΔF, and relative displacement Δx of the inner and outer rings of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested under different working conditions; record the measured axial load variation ΔF, inner ring The relative displacement Δx is drawn into a bearing stiffness curve to obtain the bearing stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured;
6)一次数据测量完成后，通过改变待测角接触球轴承20的转速、调节空气止推轴承15施加的载荷改变待测角接触球轴承20所承受的预紧力、通过加载带轮3调节施加在实验主轴1上的载荷，得到待测角接触球轴承20在不同工作条件下的摩擦力矩与刚度测量数据。6) After a data measurement is completed, change the pretightening force borne by the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured by changing the rotational speed of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be measured, and adjusting the load applied by the air thrust bearing 15, and adjust it by loading the pulley 3 The load applied on the experimental spindle 1 is used to obtain the friction torque and stiffness measurement data of the angular contact ball bearing 20 to be tested under different working conditions.
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| CN105021338A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-04 | 天津大学 | Torque measurement apparatus and method for miniature tension-torsion fatigue testing machine |
| CN105258888A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-20 | 西安交通大学 | Research experiment apparatus and measurement method for influences of bearing interference on main shaft system performance |
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| CN105021338A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-11-04 | 天津大学 | Torque measurement apparatus and method for miniature tension-torsion fatigue testing machine |
| CN105258888A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-20 | 西安交通大学 | Research experiment apparatus and measurement method for influences of bearing interference on main shaft system performance |
| CN105258888B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2018-01-19 | 西安交通大学 | Research experiment device and measuring method of the bearing magnitude of interference to axis system performance impact |
| CN107367387B (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2023-08-22 | 北京航天动力研究所 | Axial static friction force testing device for ball bearing and elastic support in low-temperature environment |
| CN107367387A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2017-11-21 | 北京航天动力研究所 | The axial static friction testing device of ball bearing and elastic bearing under low temperature environment |
| CN106122291A (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2016-11-16 | 沃德传动（天津）股份有限公司 | A kind of bearing assembly and the pre-tightening apparatus of bearing |
| CN106525424B (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-12-21 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | The comprehensive measurement device and measurement method of bearing rigidity and starting friction torque |
| CN106525424A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-03-22 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Comprehensive measurement device and method for bearing rigidity and starting friction torque |
| CN106649982B (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2020-05-08 | 大连工业大学 | Calculation method of friction torque of large cone angle cone main bearing of wind turbine |
| CN106649982A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-05-10 | 大连工业大学 | Calculating method for main bearing friction moment of wind driven generator big taper angle circular cone |
| CN107255455A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-17 | 洛阳理工学院 | A kind of rolling bearing contacting strain or stress dynamic measurement device |
| CN107255455B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2023-03-28 | 洛阳理工学院 | Rolling bearing contact strain or stress dynamic measuring device |
| CN108775982A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-09 | 陕西理工大学 | A kind of measuring device and measuring method of shafting shaft pivoting friction torque |
| CN110176843A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-27 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | A kind of gyro machine bearing is to preloading bringing device |
| CN110348110A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-10-18 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of bolt connected piece rigidity adaptive recognition methods |
| CN110348110B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2022-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | A method for self-adaptive identification of the stiffness of bolted parts |
| CN113280962A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-20 | 洛阳斯特林智能传动科技有限公司 | Axial load detection device of turntable bearing and shield machine |
| CN115628908A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-01-20 | 哈尔滨船舶锅炉涡轮机研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七0三研究所) | Tool for bearing load detection |
| CN115628908B (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-16 | 哈尔滨船舶锅炉涡轮机研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七0三研究所) | Tool for bearing load detection |
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