CN112921940A - Ship lock and method for lifting ship without mechanical power - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship lock of a non-mechanical power lifting ship, which comprises a water sump A and a water sump B, wherein the water sump A and the water sump B are formed by excavating a mountain body, concrete is poured on four sides of the water sump A and the water sump B to form a concrete retaining wall, a water tank for storing water is arranged between the water sump A and the water sump B, one sides of the water sump A and the water sump B, which are close to a high water level area shoreline, are designed into slopes, a water inlet ship inlet flashboard is arranged on the upper portions of the water sump A and the water sump B, which are close to the high water level area shoreline side, a water outlet flashboard is arranged on the bottom portions of the water sump A and the water sump B, which are close to the low water level area shoreline side, a bottom tunnel is arranged in the mountain body on the side. The invention can finish the up-stream and down-stream ship passing without large-scale machinery and electric equipment and mechanical power by depending on the lateral pressure resistance of the mountain body, and completely lifts and lowers the ship by depending on the water buoyancy without arranging a ship receiving chamber for stopping the ship in a ship lock.

Description

Ship lock and method for lifting ship without mechanical power

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ship locks, in particular to a ship lock and a method of a mechanical-power-free lifting ship.

Background

Large-scale, super-large-scale hydraulic engineering possess impoundment and adjust, flood control, shipping, functions such as electricity generation, and the artifical dam of building makes the river course form very big upper and lower reaches fall, for solving the large-scale ship lock of building that the ship of dam both sides is toward the round in the prior art, mainly adopts two kinds of modes: five-step type and huge elevator type.

The main function of the dam lock for lifting ships is to lift a ship downstream of a low water level to an upstream of a high water level, or to lower a ship at a high water level to a low water level area. The five-stage ladder type ship usually waits for a long time to form a traffic jam point because the amount of water entering and exiting is large, and the five-stage ladder type ship needs 4 hours or more and consumes long time after five operations. In order to solve the problem of the fast lifting ship, a huge elevator type super ship lock is developed, the huge hanging basket lifting ship is adopted, and a huge gear, a huge rack, a huge structure, a huge equipment and a huge power lifting hanging basket are adopted, so that the fast lifting ship is realized, but all systems of the super ship lock are huge in size, high in investment and long in construction period. The whole super ship lock is huge in size, too many in occupied resources, and high in running cost due to the fact that huge kinetic energy and huge equipment systems are consumed.

At present, a dam lock mainly adopts a five-step type and huge elevator type scheme, but a buoyancy dam lock cannot be directly built to pass through a buoyancy lifting ship because two technical obstacles are that the dam building lock side pressure is too large due to too large difference between the upstream and the downstream, and therefore the dam lock needs a very thick dam body to bear the side pressure. Secondly, a lifting ship lock is directly built, and the gate plate doors for water inlet and water discharge of the ship lock of the water buoyancy dam are very high, so that the gate bears huge side pressure due to too high water level, and the opening and closing are difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ship lock of a lifting ship without mechanical power and a method thereof, which are planned and constructed according to natural mountains, overcome the problem that high water level difference of the traditional dam forms huge side pressure, form the ship lock of the lifting ship by utilizing water power and have lower construction cost.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a ship lock of no mechanical power lift ship, include sump A and sump B by the massif excavation formation, the concrete that all pours in four sides of sump A and sump B forms the concrete revetment, set up between sump A and the sump B and be used for the water storage, the basin of intaking, sump A and sump B lean on high water level region bank line one side to be the slope, and lean on high water level region bank line side to set up into ship flashboard at the upper portion of sump A and sump B, lean on low water level region bank line side to set up the flashboard and drain in sump A and sump B's bottom, and set up the bottom tunnel in the massif of this side, bottom tunnel intercommunication low water level area.

Preferably, the water discharge gate plate is connected with a traction power mechanism through a pulley and a lifting rope, the water discharge gate plate is pulled to lift through the traction power mechanism, and rollers can be arranged on the wall bodies on the two sides of the water discharge gate plate for facilitating lifting.

More preferably, the water discharging pipes are arranged between the water tank and the water bins A and B, the number of the water discharging pipes is preferably more than two, and when the water bins A and B need to be filled with water, the water in the water tank 7 can be discharged into the water bins A and B.

Preferably, a straight water passing pipe is arranged between the water bin A and the water bin B, and water can be passed from the high-water-level water bin to the low-water-level water bin.

Preferably, the water drain flashboard and the reinforced concrete retaining wall are sealed through a sealing ring.

Further preferably, a wharf area can be built on the side of the high water level area shore line, so that the ship can be parked and rested conveniently.

The invention also provides a method for lifting the ship without mechanical power, which is based on the ship lock and comprises the following steps:

s1, completing each project of a lifting ship lock area; closing all valves, and closing the water inlet flashboard before the upstream cofferdam is dismantled; closing the water discharge gate plate after the downstream cofferdam is removed;

s2, the water sump A and the water sump B are initially anhydrous, a water inlet ship inlet flashboard and all water inlet valves are respectively opened, water is simultaneously fed into the water inlet ship lock and the water inlet valves sequentially and alternately for ten minutes, and the water sump A and the water sump B are respectively filled to be flush with the upstream water level;

s3, enabling the water sump A and the water sump B to enter a ship respectively, closing all water inlet valves after the ship enters the ship and is stopped stably, and closing water inlet ship flashboards;

s4, opening a water discharge gate plate to enable water to be flushed to a downstream water level;

s5, lifting the water discharge gate plate to a position set on the top of the tunnel opening at the bottom, and enabling the ship to run to the downstream for continuation of the journey to finish the descending process of the ship;

s6, closing corresponding water discharge gate plates after the down-stream ship is stopped stably from the bottom tunnel and the water sump A or the water sump B;

s7, opening corresponding water inlet ship inlet flashboards and all water inlet valves, and filling the water bin A or the water bin B with water by the water inlet ship inlet lock and the water inlet valves;

and S8, when the ship rises to the level of the upper water level along with water, the gate of the water sump A or the water sump B is opened, and the ship runs upstream.

The invention builds the double ship locks by excavating the mountain, and has the following advantages:

1. large-scale machinery and electric equipment are not needed, the ship can pass through the upstream and the downstream without mechanical power, the ship can be lifted and lowered completely by water inlet and water discharge, and a ship receiving chamber for stopping the ship does not need to be arranged in a ship lock;

2. by adopting double ship locks, the ship lifting and descending can run in two directions to complete the continuous and circular parallel operation of the upstream and downstream lifting ships;

3. the ship can be lifted at one time no matter the height difference between the upstream and the downstream, and a multi-stage ship lock is not needed;

4. the large-size building is not used for bearing huge water side pressure, but the mountain body is used for resisting side pressure, so that the building cost is low.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the ship lock structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the ship lock of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of another ship lock with artificial waterfall according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-mountain body, 2-high water level area shoreline, 3-low water level area shoreline, 4-wharf area, 5-sump A, 6-sump B, 7-sink, 8-bridge plate, 9-discharge pipe, 10-water passing pipe, 11-discharge gate plate, 12-reinforced concrete retaining wall, 13-bottom tunnel, 14-artificial waterfall pipeline, 15-waterfall discharge pipe, 16-artificial waterfall, 17-water inlet and ship inlet gate plate, 18-ship, 19-pulley, 20-lifting rope and 21-roller.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a ship lock of a mechanical-power-free lifting ship comprises a water sump a5 and a water sump B6 formed by excavating a mountain 1, concrete is poured on four sides of the water sump a5 and the water sump B6 to form a concrete retaining wall 12, a water tank 7 for storing water is arranged between the water sump a5 and the water sump B6, the concrete retaining wall on the side close to a high water level area shoreline 2 of the water sump a5 and the water sump B6 is designed to be inclined, a water inlet ship lock plate 17 is arranged on the side close to the high water level area shoreline 2 of the upper parts of the water sump a5 and the water sump B6, a water discharge gate plate 11 is arranged on the side close to a low water level area shoreline 3 of the bottoms of the water sump a5 and the water sump B6, a bottom hole 13 is arranged in the mountain 1 on the side, and the bottom hole 13 is communicated with the low water level area. The water discharge gate plate 11 is connected with a traction power mechanism through a pulley 19 and a lifting rope 20, the water discharge gate plate 11 is pulled to lift through the traction power mechanism, and rollers 21 can be installed on the wall bodies on two sides of the water discharge gate plate 11 for facilitating lifting. A wharf area 4 can be built on the side of the high water level area shoreline 2, so that the ship can be parked and rested conveniently.

The heights of the water discharging flashboard 11 and the water inlet flashboard 17 depend on the safety height when the ship is sailed by adding deep water to the full-load waterline of the ship which allows sailing the maximum tonnage, and are far lower than the height of a five-step type vertical hinged flashboard door for walking. The water discharge gate 11 is built at the bottom, and the intake lock 17 is built at the top of the slope, both for the purpose of reducing the side pressure by reducing the area after the height is greatly reduced. The slope is designed to improve the stability of the high water level side bank slope, resist overturning, correspondingly reduce the engineering quantity and reduce the requirement on the geological stability of the stratum. The bottom of the water sump is made into a slope, so that a lot of earthwork can be dug; the ramp also has the greatest utility in determining the stability and resistance to tipping of the right bank upstream.

The width of the water sump, and thus the width of the discharge gate 11 and the width of the bottom tunnel 13, can be determined from the width of the ship and the space on both sides when the ship is moving. The height of the bottom tunnel 13 consists of an underwater part and an underwater part. The bottom tunnel 13 is intended to be suitable for a ship and to determine the height of the discharge gate 11. The bottom tunnel 13 should be able to meet the requirements of resistance to toppling, stability, and freedom from crushing under force. The reinforced concrete retaining wall 12 transmits the lateral pressure; the vertical surface of the artificial suspended rock is protected, and water is prevented from permeating into the mountain. The main body pressure is borne by the mountain 1. The water drain flashboard 11 is arranged in a tunnel 13 at the bottom of the water sump, and four sides of the water drain flashboard 11 are provided with frames. The water drain flashboard 11 is close to the reinforced concrete retaining wall, and the idler wheels 21 are arranged on the reinforced concrete retaining wall, so that three functions are realized: the roller 21 limits the position of the water discharge gate plate 11 when moving up and down; limiting left and right; flexible and labor-saving and moves up and down along with the steel wire rope (the lifting rope 20). The arrangement length of the rollers 21 is only the height of two drain shutters 11. The side pressure similar to the uniform load is stressed by four sides, so that the structural strength of the flashboard is improved. A circle of strip-shaped sealing surface is arranged on the reinforced concrete retaining wall 12; the discharge gate 11 is also provided with a ring of sealing surface. The cross-sectional shape of the sealing strip on the sealing surface should be selected from well-developed products, such as O-shaped, trapezoidal or concave-convex shapes. The closer the discharge gate 11 is pressurized by the side pressure.

The water discharge pipes 9 are arranged between the water tank 7 and the water bins A5 and B6, the water discharge pipes 9 are preferably more than two rows, when the water bins A5 and B6 need to be filled with water, the water in the water tank 7 can be discharged into the water bins A5 and B6, when the water needs to be discharged, high-level water can be put into the water tank 7 from the water bins A5 and B6 for standby, and the water filling and discharging speed of the water bins can be improved by arranging the water tank 7. A through water pipe 10 is arranged between the water sump A5 and the water sump B6, and water can flow from the high water level water sump to the low water level water sump. The top of the water tank 7 is provided with a bridge plate 8 for facilitating walking. The concrete wall is arranged around the water tank 7, and the side of the water tank close to the high water level area can be opened, so that water flowing into the water tank 7 from the high water level area is convenient, and water can be quickly supplemented to the water sump. The bridge plate 8 and the water pipe 10 can be used for drawing the high walls of the reinforced concrete in the long direction at two sides of the water tank, so that the stability of the water tank is enhanced.

Water is flushed to the water sump from the inlet lock port of the water intake ship, and can roll and impact the ship when meeting the reinforced concrete wall surface, and a concrete grid and a ground cage are arranged at the bottom of the water sump (the water sump A and the water sump B); starting a ship inlet lock plate 17 with inlet water at a small angle; at the same time, the inlet valve of the water discharge pipe of the water tank is opened to form confluence with the water flow, and the confluence and the interaction are realized, so that the impact force is reduced. The water discharge pipe 9 and the water passing pipe 10 of the water tank 8 also impact the ship, so the opening of the water discharge pipe 9 is bent downwards to form a flat wall-attached flue which is led to the bottom of the pool for water outlet. When two rows of the water discharge pipes 9 are arranged, the two rows of the water discharge pipes 9 are not overlapped with the roller 21, and can be staggered in design; the water outlets of the two opposite banks are designed to be coaxial water hedging, so that the kinetic energy of water can be reduced due to turbulent flow; the sliding cable on the slipway can also be temporarily drawn.

The lift boat has the following processes:

s1, completing each project of a lifting ship lock area; closing all valves, and closing the water inlet flashboard before the upstream cofferdam is dismantled; after the downstream cofferdam is removed, the two water discharge gate plates are closed;

s2, the water bin A and the water bin B are initially anhydrous, a water inlet ship gate and all water inlet valves are respectively opened, ten minutes are staggered, water is simultaneously fed through two channels of a water inlet ship lock and the water inlet valves, and the water bin A and the water bin B are respectively filled to the level of an upstream water level;

s3, enabling the water sump A and the water sump B to respectively enter the ship, stopping the ship, closing all water inlet valves and closing water inlet ship flashboards;

s4, opening a water discharge gate plate to enable water to be flushed to a downstream water level;

s5, lifting the water discharge gate plate to a position set on the top of the bottom tunnel opening, and continuing the ship to the downstream to finish the first ship descending process;

s6, closing corresponding water discharge gate plates after the down-stream ship is stopped stably from the bottom tunnel and the water sump A or the water sump B;

s7, opening corresponding water inlet ship inlet flashboards and all water inlet valves, and filling the water bin A or the water bin B with water through water inlet of the two channels respectively;

and S8, when the ship rises along with water and is flushed to the upstream water level, the gate of the water sump A or the water sump B is opened, and the ship runs upstream.

The invention simplifies the ship lock into a system which consists of only three bottom tunnels, flashboards at one end, water bins constructed by three mountainside faces and water tanks. The multiple channels simultaneously feed water and discharge water, and the water is respectively fed and discharged, so that the ship lock can be quickly and efficiently passed. The water is filled into the water bin to float up, and the ship descends after water is filled, and the process is limited, for example, one stroke is set for ten minutes, and no redundant action is provided. Set up the two-way floodgate way of crossing the ship, a basin is pressed from both sides in the middle of, can accomplish: the scale is doubled and the investment is cost-effective; the ship is lifted or lowered without waiting for passing through the gate; the two gates are simultaneously used, so that the coordination and the adjustment are convenient and are not interfered; is beneficial to the stability and the structural safety of the large building body. When the ship is going to descend in the water tank A full of water and the water tank B is going to be filled with water to ascend, water can be mutually communicated through the water pipe 10, and meanwhile, the water flows automatically, so that the water is saved, the time is saved, and the power is not needed.

Referring to fig. 6, an artificial waterfall 16 is further built at the site of the low water level area shoreline 3 side of the mountain 1, an artificial waterfall pipeline 14 is dug and distributed in the mountain, a water sump a5 and a water sump B6 are provided with a waterfall water discharge pipe 15, and the waterfall water discharge pipe 15 is communicated with the artificial waterfall pipeline 14. The artificial waterfall duct 14 may be two or more different heights, so that the artificial waterfall 16 may have different height drops to facilitate the artificial design of the waterfall.

The construction process of the ship lock of the mechanical power-free lifting ship comprises the following steps:

site selection: the key work is to find a place with proper size, shape and height and solve the problem firstly, but if the place has a section distance from a downstream river channel, a section of canal can be dug to the river channel; or combining the existing equal-class plans of medium-short term drought resistance, irrigation, flood control and ecological improvement in the area, converging the plans together to comprehensively plan, and excavating the artificial river at the distance to achieve the selection of the advantages of leaning on the mountains. Conventionally, one tries to select a plurality of places for scheme comparison to choose the best; secondly, the address can be addressed only by using the excellent geological condition as a decisive factor. And (III) surveying and clearing mountain geology: the soil quality, the rock quality, the geological structure, the stability, the water permeability and the incompactness of the mountain, and the possibility of landslide and debris flow. The concepts of particular interest are: one side of the mountain is high in water level, soaked and corroded, and the other side of the mountain is very low in water level, so that a plurality of related geological and geotechnical problems are caused under the condition of huge lateral pressure. And (3) exploring to clear the basic geology: the foundation of a small number of buildings and a large-size building needs to bear pressure greatly, and the required ground endurance is proved and met; not causing uneven settlement and sliding; karst caves, quicksand and underground rivers cannot be arranged below the sand pool; the safety factor is to be met. The site selection and the plane also need to meet the national standard requirements on the aspects of buildings, structures, earthquakes, hydrology, ecology, environment and the like. Such as ship locks, which are also built adjacent to hydroelectric power stations, are also spaced apart by a considerable distance. The power generation area is not a visiting point and does not need to be close to a ship lock area with large stream of people and ship, and the safety and management requirements of the power station production are met. The upstream drainage range of the power generation dam has suction to the ship on the water surface; the water flow rushing to the downstream has great impact on the ship, which is a no-navigation area, and the ship lock needs to be far away. If the power generation and ship lock passing are arranged on an artificial dam together, the added dam length is increased, which causes great increase of the project amount required on the structure, great increase of investment, unavailability and poor adjacent separation.

The unit price of water transportation is almost always the cheapest of all transportation modes, and is often the first choice; queuing in transportation is a great taboo of service providers and service objects; the economic high-speed development must be prosperous and transported first, and prospective planning should be made to win the three advantages of high efficiency, price and speed. Although the single ship lock has the function of passing through the ship lock in both the upper direction and the lower direction, the increasing flow of the passing ship is solved in advance. When guaranteeing that the maintenance has a floodgate to stop constantly navigating, need the double-brake turnover, this scheme is expected to be overhauld a little. When the water level at the upstream changes seasonally, the gates of the double gates can be respectively set to have the elevation of one high and one low to adapt. In the water sump, the ship is lifted by floating of water; when the ship is opened, the ship enters the ship and water enters the ship to be lifted, if double gates exist, double water bins are arranged, the water to be discharged can be comprehensively utilized and filled into the water inlet bin, and the double bins are communicated with each other, so that the ship is lowered, and the time and the water are saved. The side-by-side double gates are arranged into a structure with two water bins and one water tank connected, which is very beneficial to the construction, layout, structure, stress, operation and management of the project. The double gate is not twice as much as the single gate investment in building, but can reach more than double the scale and the amount of passing gate, and the investment contrast should be saved appreciably.

Another vision to consider when addressing: a wharf is built beside a ship lock, and ships passing through the lock have more passenger ships besides cargo ships so as to be beneficial to collecting and distributing passenger sources and assist scenic spots.

The water in the water sump is required to be discharged quickly, and the high water head can be sprayed out at a high elevation and a medium elevation, so that the artificial waterfall is formed naturally. For example, the total height of a water head is 113 meters, and the spray pipes spray two layers of waterfalls at the positions of 60 meters and 40 meters or so. The ingenious three-layer waterfall observation points arranged above, in and below is a good idea. Only one flaw is formed, water spraying can be stopped for a short time to influence the waterfall, but the flaw does not cover jade, and the fresh bright spot is not lost for a little money. The appropriate planar and vertical features are of course selected; the water drainage position has enough water depth and does not impact the riverbed; and the water cannot be sprayed to the ship when wind exists.

The method is characterized in that a place which is convenient for traffic is selected as far as possible, people can go and go conveniently, and business outside the main business is red fire, so that the method provides sufficient conditions for strong and sustainable development.

The basis for each size determination is: the specifications or tonnages of the maximum passenger ship and the maximum cargo ship allowed to sail on the river and the river section are firstly obtained and confirmed, so that the general standard sizes and waterlines of the two ship bodies can be obtained. The length of the water sump can be determined by adding the front and rear spaces when the ship is stopped, the distances between the side boards on two sides are the width of the ship, the width of the water sump can be determined by adding the spaces on two sides when the ship is stopped, and the width of the water drain flashboard 11 and the width of the bottom tunnel 13 are determined accordingly.

The bottom tunnel 13 is positioned at the bottom of the reinforced concrete retaining wall and used for water drainage and ship launching, and the height of the bottom tunnel 13 consists of two parts: when the ship is fully loaded, for example, a nominal 3000-ton cargo ship is required to be set, the waterline depth of the ship, the depth of an underwater safe ship to be left at the bottom of the ship when the ship is in motion and the underwater part of the ship are required to be set; the second is the height of the water, which is the space height reserved by the top of the ship when the ship is driven; ship height above water. The above underwater height and above water height jointly form the clear height of the bottom tunnel 13, and correspondingly determine the height of the water discharge gate plate 11. The length of the bottom tunnel 13 should be refined in terms of site selection: the short distance is certainly better than the long distance, but the shortest limit is the thickness of the huge side pressure backer, and the requirements of anti-rebound, stability and no stress and cracking can be met. The reinforced concrete retaining wall 12 is only the transmission side pressure; protecting the vertical surface of the artificial suspension rock; the water does not penetrate into the mountain body, and the main body pressure is borne by the mountain body 1.

Huge lateral pressure problems due to too high head

The method is characterized in that the method selects the sites and cuts mountains to be used as a water sump and a water tank, does not use an artificial dam and is used for replacing the dam; when the gate is placed in deep water, the gate is attached to a mountain, and huge lateral pressures at two positions are easily solved.

1. The artificial suspended rock wall is tightly attached to the concrete retaining wall to replace a dam, and one edge of the rectangular water sump is sufficient for bearing pressure.

2. The water discharge gate plate 11 is arranged at the deep water bottom tunnel mouth of the water sump, the size of the water discharge gate plate only needs to be suitable for the height of a ship and the width of the ship (except for the ship beyond the set ship grade), and the water discharge gate plate has an upper frame of a gate.

3. With the upper frame, the flashboard has four sides (other flashboards only have three sides under stress), and the side pressure approximate to uniformly distributed load is easy to meet the calculated structural strength of the flashboard because the four sides are under stress. The height and the area of the gate plate are correspondingly reduced.

4. The solution that the lateral pressure of the side of the ship inlet lock plate 17 is large is as follows: the inlet gate 17 has only two functions, namely, the passage for entering and leaving the ship and the opening for water inlet. The bottom of the ship can be accessed by water, the existing water and a certain water level meet the height of the ship, and the two functions can be considered as a problem: the water level depth of the ship is the underwater part of the flashboard with the set height, so the flashboard is not high, the area is small, and the lateral pressure is low. Only one level of the five-level ship flashboard is needed and is lower than the height of the five-level ship flashboard.

5. Since the intake gate 17 is not necessarily high, and the gate is merely a passage, a stone can be four birds: the bottom is made into a slope, so that a plurality of earthwork can be dug; the gate plate is arranged on the top of the slope and is suitable for the low gate plate; the volume square number of the few digging is also the reduction square number of the water stored in the water sump, so that the operation of lifting and lowering the ship is more rapid and convenient as the water sump is frequently filled and drained each time; the ramp also has the greatest utility in determining the stability and resistance to tipping of the right bank upstream.

6. The movement mode and the structure of the water inlet ship gate 17 are realized by using the 90-degree rotary vertical hinged door in the prior art, and the description is omitted.

The design of the relevant items of the bottom tunnel, the water drain flashboard and the upper reinforced concrete retaining wall is as follows:

1. the water drain flashboard 11 is close to the reinforced concrete retaining wall, and the idler wheels 21 are arranged on the reinforced concrete retaining wall, so that three functions are realized: the roller 21 limits the position of the water discharge gate plate 11 when moving up and down; limiting left and right; flexible and labor-saving and moves up and down along with the steel wire rope (the lifting rope 20). The arrangement length of the rollers 21 is only the height of two drain shutters 11.

2. The water discharge gate plate 11 is lifted and lowered by a motor-driven and controllable positive and negative direction winch operation, and is simple, convenient and flexible.

3. The technical problems of the construction of the bottom tunnel 13 (including water sump and water tank): the front part is provided with a western high-speed railway pier which is as high as 170 meters; a single tunnel is dozens of kilometers long; the Jingzhan subway is buried by 102 meters deep and is provided with a plurality of layers of exits. The engineering of the present invention is not a problem compared to many other high difficult constructions. But may not use the segment, shield machine, will influence the efficiency. The mining method or the bench method can be used. Some matters should be considered in the construction organization design, for example, the water making bin is used for discharging artificial waterfall. When the pipe orifice is at the elevation position, the main and branch pipes for water discharge are made. The circular water discharge channel can be directly dug, and the pipe is more reasonable and feasible without being buried, because the scheme considers few turning points of the water discharge channel.

Creating artificial waterfalls and related matters: the water with high water head is sprayed out, the unavailable natural resources cannot be wasted, and the water can be utilized for life without spending much money. Particularly, mountain and forest grass are used at the same time; natural landscapes such as a large water surface, a navigation ship and the like are arranged at the upstream and the downstream; additionally building a wharf; the matched commercial service is a good place, a sight, a tour and a leisure, and can form a valuable scenic spot for ascending a height and looking far. The invention assumes that if a water head of about hundred meters exists, an upper row and a lower row of waterfall discharge pipes 15 can be matched, and three layers, namely three waterfall observing platforms with different heights, are supposed to be arranged: it is seen in fig. 2 that it is convenient to arrange a layer on the top floor or field; selecting a point on a downstream shoreline of the low water level area, and setting a waterfall bottom landscape; the platform arranged in the middle is also a beautiful sight spot. The position of waterfall water spraying is selected at the place where the waterfall water is not sprayed to goods, ships and people. The shape of the water jet can also be designed precisely, such as sharp mouth and flat shape which can be far away; does not impact the downstream bank body and the shallow water river bed.

The problem of sealing between the discharge gate 11 and the reinforced concrete retaining wall 12: a circle of strip-shaped sealing surface on the reinforced concrete retaining wall 12 needs to be processed in flat and smooth manufacturing; the metal surface of the ring of sealing surface on the water discharge gate plate 11 is flat as long as there is no protruding connecting piece. The cross section of the sealing strip on the sealing surface is in a mature shape, such as an O-shape, a trapezoid shape or a concave-convex Pi shape. The pressure of the water discharge gate plate 11 is more and more compact; the water tank and the two water bins are continuously filled with water and drained of water, and the water does not need to be wasted and folded if water leaks. Whether the water discharged by daily operation in the water sump affects upstream water or not is the natural law of rivers, and the downstream water also has water requirements without much consideration.

When water enters the water sump and is discharged, the ship shakes, and the three aspects are considered:

1. the water inlet way in the water sump is that the water enters the water sump from a lock gate of the water inlet ship, and the ship can roll and impact when meeting the reinforced concrete wall surface, and a concrete grid, a ground cage, a water outlet expansion and the like are arranged at the bottom of the water sump (the water sump A and the water sump B); slowly opening water into the ship lock plate 17 at a small angle; at the same time, the water inlet valve of the water discharge pipe of the boiled water tank and the water flow form confluence and interaction to reduce the impact force.

2. Secondly, the ship can be impacted by water entering from the pipe and the valve of the water tank (or water passing from the water sump on the partition wall): after the mouth of the water discharge pipe is bent downwards, the water discharge pipe is made into a wall-attached flue similar to a flat shape and is led to the bottom of the pool to discharge water. When two rows of water discharge pipes are arranged, the two rows of water discharge pipes 9 are not overlapped with the roller 21, and can be staggered in design; the water outlets of the two opposite banks are designed to be coaxial water hedging, so that the kinetic energy of water can be reduced due to turbulent flow; the sliding cable on the slipway can be temporarily drawn according to the condition. Three of them may be used in combination.

3. And designing and calculating the water inlet volume of a single water bin when the water bin is full. Filling the water in 10 minutes if the water is limited; according to the known water pressure; and the slow opening, the opening angle and the program of the intake ship lock plate 17 are combined to calculate the intake flow rate in unit time. Among the flow, the water head and the flow velocity which are internally connected, the water head is the main factor for determining the impact force, and the ship body does not shake violently and can swing acceptably by the aid of the above means.

4. The ship is lowered by discharging water, and the ship does not shake much. When the water level is high, the water is discharged out of the pool body from the waterfall water discharge channel at two elevations, and when the water level is low, the water is discharged from the water discharge gate at the lower part, so that the ship does not shake greatly according to the weight and the weight of the ship.

Selection of a valve: each water pipe is provided with a disc selecting valve (the valve is opened and closed in a rotating way and has directionality); selecting and sealing; no leakage in deep water; the switch is fast; the computer controlled cast steel or stainless steel valve can be used for cost performance in many aspects. The existing multistage submersible pump, underwater light, underwater photography, telescopic manipulator of a deep submersible vehicle, a plurality of pipes in oil and gas industry, the pressure of a valve working in deep water of more than 100 kilograms and the like, and various mature waterproof technologies, a valve manufacturer can realize that the expensive valve is not wet and can ensure the service life.

The perennial water level and seasonal high and low water level problem countermeasures are as follows: the design and planning should be done with the annual water level as the reference. The seasonal high water level of the upstream is not problematic because the design of the existing intake ship lock plate considers the factor; two designs address seasonal low water: the elevation of the bottom of the intake ship lock is elastically arranged, or the elevation of the bottom of the two intake ship locks is arranged to be one higher elevation and one lower elevation. When the water level is high seasonally at the downstream, the factor is considered when the elevation of the tunnel roof is designed; and taking the design into consideration when the seasonal low water level is designed on the elevation of the bottom of the tunnel. However, if the cargo ship is heavily overloaded and stranded, planning and design cannot be considered.

The water tank of the invention is provided with a plurality of bridge plates and railings, two rows of a plurality of water pipes 10 and valves, which play the following roles: 1. the high wall of the long-direction reinforced concrete on two sides of the water tank can be pulled and tied. 2. The stability of the water tank is enhanced. 3. The bridge with the railing is convenient for the staff to shorten the distance of crossing the groove, and the visitor comes and goes convenient safety.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The ship lock of the mechanical-power-free lifting ship is characterized by comprising a water bin A and a water bin B which are formed by mountain excavation, concrete is poured into four sides of the water bin A and the water bin B to form a concrete retaining wall, a water tank for storing water and feeding water is arranged between the water bin A and the water bin B, one side, close to a high water level area shoreline, of the water bin A and the water bin B is a slope, a water feeding ship inlet flashboard is arranged on the upper portion, close to the high water level area shoreline, of the water bin A and the water bin B, a water discharge flashboard is arranged on the bottom, close to the low water level area shoreline, of the bottom of the water bin A and the bottom of the water bin B, a bottom tunnel is arranged in the mountain on the side, and the bottom tunnel is communicated with the low water level area.

2. The ship lock of the mechanical power-free lifting ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water discharge gate plate is connected with a traction power mechanism through a pulley and a lifting rope.

3. The ship lock of the mechanical power-free elevating ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rolling wheels are installed on the wall bodies on both sides of the water discharge gate plate.

4. The ship lock of the mechanical power-free lifting ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water discharge pipe is arranged between the water tank and the water sump A and the water sump B.

5. The ship lock of the mechanical power-free lifting ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein a water pipe is further arranged between the water sump A and the water sump B.

6. The ship lock of the mechanical power-free elevating ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water discharge gate plate and the reinforced concrete retaining wall are sealed by a sealing ring.

7. The ship lock of the mechanically unpowered vessel as recited in claim 1, wherein the quay area is constructed on a shoreside side of the high water level area.

8. The ship lock of the mechanical power-free lifting ship as claimed in claim 1, wherein an artificial waterfall is built at a selected site on the bank line side of a low water level area of the mountain, an artificial waterfall pipeline is dug and laid in the mountain, waterfall discharge pipes are arranged in the water bins A and B, and the waterfall discharge pipes are communicated with the artificial waterfall pipeline.

9. A method for lifting a ship without mechanical power, characterized in that, based on the ship lock of any of claims 1-8, the steps are as follows:

s1, completing each project of a lifting ship lock area; closing all valves, and closing the water inlet flashboard before the upstream cofferdam is dismantled; closing the water discharge gate plate after the downstream cofferdam is removed;

s2, the water sump A and the water sump B are initially anhydrous, a water inlet ship inlet flashboard and all water inlet valves are respectively opened, water is simultaneously fed into the water inlet ship lock and the water inlet valves sequentially and alternately for ten minutes, and the water sump A and the water sump B are respectively filled to be flush with the upstream water level;

s3, enabling the water sump A and the water sump B to enter a ship respectively, closing all water inlet valves after the ship enters the ship and is stopped stably, and closing water inlet ship flashboards;

s4, opening a water discharge gate plate to enable water to be flushed to a downstream water level;

s5, lifting the water discharge gate plate to a position set on the top of the tunnel opening at the bottom, and enabling the ship to run to the downstream for continuation of the journey to finish the descending process of the ship;

s6, closing corresponding water discharge gate plates after the down-stream ship is stopped stably from the bottom tunnel and the water sump A or the water sump B;

s7, opening corresponding water inlet ship inlet flashboards and all water inlet valves, and filling the water bin A or the water bin B with water by the water inlet ship inlet lock and the water inlet valves;

and S8, when the ship rises to the level of the upper water level along with water, the gate of the water sump A or the water sump B is opened, and the ship runs upstream.

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