CN112921767B - Highway centerline coordinate lofting method - Google Patents
Highway centerline coordinate lofting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112921767B CN112921767B CN202110282582.7A CN202110282582A CN112921767B CN 112921767 B CN112921767 B CN 112921767B CN 202110282582 A CN202110282582 A CN 202110282582A CN 112921767 B CN112921767 B CN 112921767B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/16—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings
- E01C23/163—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings for marking-out the location of the markings; Guiding or steering devices for marking apparatus, e.g. sights
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
Abstract
The application discloses a road center line coordinate lofting method which is used for solving the problems that the existing lofting method has multiple field operation steps and low field operation efficiency. Determining the maximum control distance between a lofting point of a road center line and a measuring station according to a road construction precision requirement and a nominal precision parameter of a total station for lofting; dividing the highway central line into a plurality of lofting sections according to the position and the maximum control distance of the station to be tested; before carrying out center line lofting operation, calculating standard lofting elements according to coordinates of a station measuring point, coordinates of a rear viewpoint and coordinates of a lofting point based on a preset program; centerline lofting is performed in the loft section by the lofting equipment according to standard loft elements. By calculating the lofting elements of each lofting point of the highway indoors under the conditions of the set station and the set rear viewpoint, some operations which are originally required to be carried out on site are transferred indoors, the field operation efficiency can be greatly improved, and the probability of field errors is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of construction measurement, in particular to a road center line coordinate lofting method.
Background
Total station and GPS real-time dynamic measurement (real-time kinematic) technology are the main technical means of highway centerline lofting. Under the condition that trees and the like are shielded, the total station lofting measurement has unique advantages compared with the GPS real-time dynamic measurement, and the total station has become one of the main technical means of highway center line lofting.
The conventional highway center line lofting method mainly comprises the steps of calibrating the plane position of a highway center line on a real ground according to a certain pile distance through measuring and setting straight lines and curves, and measuring the actual mileage of a route. In the traditional total station coordinate lofting method, lofting elements of each lofting point need to be calculated on site, so that the field operation steps are multiple, the field operation efficiency is low, the accuracy of controlling the lofting point position is difficult to control, and operability errors are easy to occur when data input operation is performed on site.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a road centerline coordinate lofting method, which is used for solving the problems that the existing lofting method has multiple field operation steps, low field operation efficiency, difficulty in controlling lofting point position precision and easiness in causing operability errors when data input operation is carried out on site.
The embodiment of the application provides a road centerline coordinate lofting method, which comprises the following steps: determining the maximum control distance between a lofting point of a road center line and a measuring station according to the road construction precision requirement and the nominal precision parameter of a total station for lofting; dividing the highway central line into a plurality of lofting sections according to the position of the station-measuring point and the maximum control distance; before carrying out center line lofting operation, calculating standard lofting elements according to coordinates of a station measuring point, coordinates of a rear viewpoint and coordinates of a lofting point based on a preset program; the standard lofting elements comprise standard lofting angles and standard lofting distances; and performing center line lofting on the lofting section through the total station according to the standard lofting elements.
In one example, according to the road construction precision requirement and the nominal precision parameter of the total station for lofting, determining the maximum control distance between the lofting point of the road center line and the survey point specifically comprises: determining lofting precision required by a road according to the road construction precision requirement; selecting a total station for lofting measurement based on the lofting precision required by the road; and determining the maximum control distance between the lofting point of the highway central line and the measuring station according to the lofting precision required by the highway and the nominal precision parameter of the total station.
In one example, the method further comprises: if the distances between part of sampling points and all the stations are greater than the maximum control distance on the highway central line; increasing the number of the stations until the distance between the lofting point and at least one station is less than the maximum control distance.
In one example, based on a preset program, calculating a standard lofting element according to the station coordinates, the rear viewpoint coordinates, and the lofting point coordinates specifically includes: determining a preset program for calculating standard lofting elements; determining a station measuring coordinate, a rear viewpoint coordinate and a lofting point coordinate for each lofting section to generate a data file; and calculating the standard lofting distance and the standard lofting angle of the lofting point under the measuring station and the rear viewpoint coordinate based on the program for calculating the standard lofting elements according to the data file of the lofting section.
In an example, calculating a standard lofting distance and a standard lofting angle of the lofting point under the measurement station and the back viewpoint coordinate specifically includes: calculating the distance between the measuring station and the lofting point according to the coordinates of the measuring station and the coordinates of the lofting point, and taking the distance as a standard lofting distance; calculating a first coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the rear viewpoint coordinate and the station coordinate and a second coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the station coordinate and the sampling point coordinate; and calculating a standard lofting angle between a connecting line of the viewpoint coordinate and the station coordinate and a connecting line of the station coordinate and the lofting point coordinate according to the first coordinate azimuth and the second coordinate azimuth.
In one example, after a centerline loft by the total station at the loft section in accordance with the standard loft elements, the method further comprises: calculating the difference value between the actual measured coordinates of all the lofting points and the design coordinates of all the lofting points; and determining that the error value is smaller than a preset threshold value, and determining that the lofting work of the lofting section is finished.
In one example, prior to centerline lofting of the loft section, the method further comprises: determining the station testing number and the rear viewpoint number of each lofting section; generating a data file according to the standard lofting elements corresponding to the station testing number and the rear viewpoint number; the data file comprises lofting point pile numbers corresponding to all lofting points in the lofting section and standard lofting elements corresponding to each lofting pile.
In one example, dividing the highway centerline into several lofting sections specifically includes: determining a lofting point, the distance between which and two continuous stations in the lofting section is less than the maximum control distance, according to the station measuring point and the rear viewpoint of the lofting section; and taking the lofting points with the distances from the two continuous stations smaller than the maximum control distance as the overlapped sections of the two continuous lofting sections.
In one example, according to the standard lofting element, performing centerline lofting on the lofting section through the total station specifically includes: the total station is correctly arranged at the lofting section measuring station and is started; performing back vision, aiming the prism on a back viewpoint by the total station, and setting the horizontal angle to be zero; lofting is carried out according to the standard lofting distance and lofting angle of the lofting points in the section calculated indoors; determining a lofting direction according to a standard lofting angle, actually measuring distance through a total station in the lofting direction, and continuously adjusting the distance between a lofting prism and a station point until the actual lofting elements of the lofting pile are consistent with the standard lofting elements in required precision, so as to determine the point position of a lofting point.
The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:
according to the embodiment of the application, the program is compiled, the lofting elements of each lofting point of the highway under the conditions of the set station and the set rear viewpoint are calculated indoors, and lofting is directly carried out according to the lofting elements calculated in advance during field work. Some operations which are originally needed to be carried out on site are transferred to the indoor, the field operation efficiency can be greatly improved, and the probability of field errors is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a road centerline coordinate lofting method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lofting section division according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a computing loft element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial lofting section corresponding to fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The total station can measure angles and distances and can carry out simple calculation, has the basic functions of measuring horizontal angles and parallel distances, and almost all the total stations have lofting measurement modules available. The point numbers and coordinates of the measuring station and the rear view point are required to be input on site at each measuring station when the lofting measurement module of the total station is used for lofting, and the lofting coordinate of each lofting point also needs to be input or called on site, so that the operation steps of field operation are more, the field operation efficiency is low, and the operability error is easy to occur.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a road centerline coordinate lofting method provided in an embodiment of the present application, which specifically includes the following steps:
s101: and determining the maximum control distance between the lofting point of the highway central line and the measuring station according to the highway construction precision requirement and the nominal precision parameter of the total station for lofting.
In the embodiment of the application, after the construction control network is built in engineering survey, in order to meet the requirements of engineering, the designed route position needs to be marked on the spot for construction, and the process is called lofting. Before construction lofting, firstly, determining a maximum control distance between a lofting point of a road center line to be lofted and a measuring station point to be set according to a designed road construction precision requirement and equipment precision parameters for lofting, and determining the measuring station point of a total station to be set.
In the road lofting construction, a road center line is a point with existing design coordinates, but a specific field position is not known, and a measuring instrument is required to find the actual position of the road center line, and the point is called a lofting point. The station location refers to a place where an instrument is placed for observation during field measurement, and specifically refers to a point location for placing a total station in the embodiment of the application.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the application, the lofting apparatus may specifically include a total station, and the lofting apparatus parameters may specifically include an angle measurement and a distance measurement accuracy of the total station.
The total station is a high-tech measuring instrument integrating light, machine and electricity, and is a surveying instrument system integrating horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance (slant distance and flat distance) and height difference measuring functions.
Specifically, the construction precision required by construction lofting has different requirements for different roads, and the lofting precision required by the road to be lofted needs to be determined before lofting, so that the lofting precision required by the road to be lofted is determined according to the construction precision requirement of the road to be lofted, and lofting equipment for lofting measurement is selected based on the lofting precision required by the road with lofting; the higher the lofting precision required by the road is, the correspondingly higher the lofting precision is selected; and after the lofting equipment is selected, determining the maximum control distance between a lofting point of the highway central line and a station to be set according to lofting precision required by the highway and angle measurement and distance measurement precision of the lofting equipment.
In the embodiment of the application, the distance between the lofting points and the actual test stations is smaller than the maximum lofting distance, and if the distances between some lofting points and all test stations are greater than the maximum control distance, the number of the test stations is small, and in the maximum control distance, each lofting point cannot correspond to one test station, so that lofting cannot be performed on all lofting points by using the test stations. Therefore, the number of the test stations is increased until the distance between the lofting point and the test station is smaller than the maximum control distance, each lofting point is ensured to correspond to one test station, and lofting can be performed on the lofting point by using the test stations.
Specifically, according to the pavement center line coordinate lofting precision required by design and construction specifications, the maximum control distance between a lofting point and a measuring station is determined by combining the angle measurement and the distance measurement nominal precision of the used total station. According to the highway centerline spread-spectrum diagram and the control point distribution diagram, the highway centerline needing lofting is divided into a plurality of lofting sections, and a test station and a rear viewpoint are selected in each section, so that the distances between all lofting points and the test station in the lofting sections are smaller than the maximum control distance.
S102: and dividing the highway central line into a plurality of lofting sections according to the position and the maximum control distance of the station.
In the embodiment of the application, the road to be lofted is divided into sections according to the positions of the stations and the maximum control distance, the center line of the road is divided into a plurality of lofting sections, and the distance from all lofting points in each lofting section to at least one station is smaller than the maximum control distance.
The highway is generally formed by combining straight line sections and curved line sections, the joint of a straight line section and a circular curve is generally called a straight round point, the middle point of the circular curve is called a curved middle point, and the joint of the circular curve and the straight line section is called a circular straight point in the highway construction process. In a higher-level road, a gentle curve section is arranged between the straight section and the circular curve section, and the lofting points of the gentle curve and the circular curve section are more dense compared with the lofting section of the straight section.
In the embodiment of the application, according to the station measuring point and the rear viewpoint of the lofting section, lofting points, the distances between the two continuous station measuring points in the lofting section and the two continuous station measuring points are smaller than the maximum control distance, are determined; and taking the lofting points with the distances from the two continuous stations smaller than the maximum control distance as the superposition sections of the two continuous lofting sections. At this moment, the previous station can be used for lofting the overlapped section, the next station can be used for lofting the overlapped section, the front and the back stations can be used for lofting the overlapped section respectively, and lofting accuracy of the overlapped section can be guaranteed.
Specifically, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lofting section division provided in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 2, according to a requirement for precision of highway construction and a nominal precision parameter of a total station for lofting, a maximum control distance between a lofting point of a central line of a highway and a measurement station to be set is determined to be 300m, and positions of the measurement station are KZ01, KZ02, KZ03, and KZ04. The section of 0+000 to 0+500 can be used as a first lofting section, the station measuring point of the first lofting section is KZ02, KZ02 is a point for placing a total station for lofting, and the rear view point of the first lofting section is KZ01. 0 to 400 to 0 to 900 can be used as a second lofting section, the measurement site of the second lofting section is KZ03, the rear view point of the second lofting section is KZ02, and the distances from all lofting points in the first lofting section and the second lofting section to the measurement site are smaller than the maximum control distance of 300 meters. The overlapped section of the first lofting section and the second lofting section is 0+ 400-0 +500, and lofting is performed on lofting points on the overlapped section in the first lofting section by using a measuring station KZ02 or in the second lofting section by using a measuring station KZ 03. And no missing lofting points between the first lofting section and the second lofting section are ensured, and the lofting precision can be greatly improved.
S103: and before carrying out center line lofting, calculating standard lofting elements according to the coordinates of the station, the coordinates of the rear view point and the coordinates of the lofting point based on a preset program.
In the embodiment of the application, before highway centerline lofting operation, based on a preset program, according to the station measuring coordinates, the rear viewpoint coordinates and the lofting point coordinates, the station measuring coordinates and the rear viewpoint coordinates are input into the preset program, and standard lofting elements are calculated indoors. The standard lofting elements comprise standard lofting angles and standard lofting distances.
In the embodiment of the application, in order to avoid inputting the coordinates of the rear view point and the lofting point in a field construction site, lofting measurement is carried out, so that a plurality of field operation steps are required, and the field operation efficiency is low. Therefore, before highway centerline lofting is carried out, a program for calculating lofting elements needs to be written, a standard lofting angle and a standard lofting distance are calculated in advance, rear viewpoint coordinates and lofting point coordinates do not need to be input one by one in a field construction site, some calculation operations needing to be carried out on the site can be transferred indoors, the efficiency of field operation can be improved, and the probability of errors in field operation is reduced.
It should be noted that the rear viewpoint is a data point with known coordinates, and the following data is transmitted based on this. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the station coordinates corresponding to the previous lofting section may be used as the rear viewpoint coordinates corresponding to the next lofting section.
In the embodiment of the application, a station measuring point and a rear view point of each lofting section are selected first, and a program for calculating standard lofting elements is compiled.
Then, the server calculates a standard lofting distance and a standard lofting angle of a lofting point under the coordinates of a measuring station and a rear viewpoint based on a program for calculating standard lofting elements according to the coordinates of the lofting point and the coordinates of the measuring station and the rear viewpoint of the lofting section in the road design drawing.
In the embodiment of the application, firstly, the distance between a measuring station and a lofting point is calculated according to the coordinates of the measuring station and the coordinates of the lofting point and is used as a standard lofting distance; then, calculating a first coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the rear viewpoint coordinate and the station coordinate and a second coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the station coordinate and the sampling point coordinate; and finally, calculating a standard lofting angle between a connecting line of the viewpoint coordinate and the measuring station coordinate and a connecting line of the measuring station coordinate and the lofting point coordinate according to the first coordinate azimuth and the second coordinate azimuth.
Specifically, the step of calculating the standard lofting element comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating a standard lofting distance.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calculation lofting element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where point a is a survey point and coordinates of point a are a (x) a ,y a ) Point B is a rear viewpoint, and the coordinates of point B are B (x) b ,y b ) The point C is a point to be sampled and the coordinate of the point C is C (x) c ,y c )。
The standard lofting distance is the distance between the survey station A and the lofting point C, and a formula is used
And calculating the distance between the measuring station A and the lofting point C to be the standard lofting distance.
And step two, calculating a first coordinate azimuth.
Using formulas
And calculating a first coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the rear viewpoint coordinate and the station coordinate.
Wherein, t ba Indicating a first coordinate azimuth, 57.29577951308 deg. indicating a degree equal to 1 radian. sgn (dy) is a sign function at dy>At 0, sgn (dy) = +1; at dy<At 0, sgn (dy) = -1. In the actual calculation process, to avoid the denominator dy being zero, dy = y a -y b +0.00001, the general station coordinates are accurate to millimeter bits, and addition of dy by a very small amount has almost no influence on the calculation result, and it is possible to prevent a singular result from occurring due to denominator dy =0 when the station coordinates are equal to the horizontal coordinates y of the rear viewpoint.
It should be noted that the coordinate azimuth is an included angle from the north direction of the coordinate to the straight line by clockwise, and the coordinate azimuth is a positive value and has a value range of 0-360 °.
And step three, calculating a second coordinate azimuth angle.
Using a formula
And calculating a second coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the coordinates of the measuring station and the sampling point and the coordinates of the measuring station.
Wherein, t ac Indicating the azimuth angle of the second coordinate, in the actual calculation process, to avoid the denominator dy being zero, dy = y c -y a +0.00001。
And step four, calculating a standard lofting angle.
The standard lofting angle is an angle formed by a connecting line of the back viewpoint coordinate and the measurement station coordinate and a connecting line of the measurement station coordinate and the lofting point coordinate and the measurement station coordinate, ≈ BAC in fig. 3 is the standard lofting angle, and a formula K = t is utilized ba -t ac +180 ° calculation standard scaleAnd (4) sampling the angle.
It should be noted that the azimuth angle of the coordinate ranges from 0 ° to 360 °. If K is>Standard lofting angle = K-360 ° for 360 °; if t is bc <0 °, then the standard loft angle = K +360 °.
In the embodiment of the present application, the standard lofting angle calculated in step four is in degrees, and the angle lofting by the total station adopts a degree-second system with a full circumference of 360 °, so that the standard lofting angle in degrees needs to be converted into the degree-second system.
In the embodiment of the present application, after the standard loft elements are calculated, the standard loft elements and the corresponding loft points need to be assembled into a data file. Firstly, determining a station measuring number and a rear viewpoint number of each lofting section, and then generating a data file by the server according to standard lofting elements corresponding to the station measuring number and the rear viewpoint number.
The data file comprises a station testing number, a rear viewpoint number, sampling point pile numbers corresponding to all sampling points in the sampling section and standard sampling elements corresponding to each sampling pile.
For example, referring to Table 1, table 1 is a data file corresponding to the loft section of FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 4, the lofting section is marked as KZ02, the rear viewpoint is marked as KZ01, the distance between the piles on the center line of the road is 50.0m, the lofting section is marked as a straight line segment with the length of 0+ 000-0 +386.5, the lofting section is marked as a circular curve segment with the length of 0+ 386.5-0 +500, and the pile mark is marked as a straight circular point with the length of 0+ 386.5.
TABLE 1
S104: and performing center line lofting in the lofting section through a total station according to the standard lofting elements.
In the embodiment of the application, according to the calculated standard lofting angle and standard lofting distance, the total station is arranged at the surveying station, and center line lofting is carried out in the lofting section.
In the embodiment of the application, the total station placed at the lofting section measuring station is determined, the actual lofting elements of the lofting pile measured by the total station are obtained, and the position of the lofting pile is adjusted until the actual lofting elements of the lofting pile are matched with the standard lofting elements, so that successful lofting is indicated. Wherein, the actual lofting element comprises an actual lofting distance and an actual lofting angle.
Specifically, the total station is correctly arranged at the survey station, the viewpoint is aimed at, the horizontal angle is set to zero, the direction of the lofting point is determined according to the standard lofting angle, and the position of the lofting pile corresponding to the lofting point is adjusted in the direction of the lofting point until the actual lofting element of the lofting pile is matched with the standard lofting element, so that successful lofting is indicated. Wherein the actual lofting elements include actual lofting distances and actual lofting angles.
In the embodiment of the application, after lofting is completed, coordinates of all lofting points in a lofting section are measured again, error values of the coordinates of all the lofting points and design coordinates of all the lofting points are calculated, if the error values are smaller than a preset threshold value, lofting precision reaches the precision required by highway construction, if the error values are larger than the preset threshold value, the lofting precision does not reach the precision required by the highway construction, and if the error values of the coordinates of the lofting points and the design coordinates of the lofting points are smaller than the preset threshold value, it is determined that lofting work of the lofting section is completed. If the error value between the coordinates of the lofting points and the design coordinates of the lofting points is larger than the preset threshold value, lofting needs to be performed on the lofting section again.
Specifically, taking fig. 4 as an example, KZ02 is a station point, and KZ01 is a rear view point. Before highway lofting is carried out, a total station prism constant, air temperature and air pressure values are set. Then, erecting the total station at a KZ02 point, centering and leveling, and setting the horizontal angle of the total station to zero at a rearview KZ01 point to finish rearview work. Firstly putting a pile number of 0+000, rotating the total station horizontal angle to 15 DEG 20 '56' according to the standard lofting angle and the standard lofting distance in the data file corresponding to the pile number of 0+000, fixing the total station horizontal angle to brake the screw, and putting the lofting point in the direction determined by the total station telescope cross wire. And then commanding a lofting worker to move in a lofting direction, measuring the distance between the lofting pile and the total station for multiple times, adjusting the distance, commanding the prism to move towards the station if the measured distance is greater than the standard lofting distance, commanding the prism to move towards the direction far away from the station if the measured distance is less than the standard lofting distance until the distance between the prism and the station is equal to or very close to 261.789m, and obtaining a lofting point position meeting the lofting precision requirement. And continuing to loft pile number 0+050, rotating the horizontal angle of the total station to 9 ' 25'32 ', and adjusting the lofting distance to 225.665m. And lofting point by point until lofting of all lofting point positions in the section is finished, and then lofting the highway central line in the next section.
According to the embodiment of the application, the program is compiled, the lofting elements of each lofting point of the highway under the conditions of the set station and the set rear viewpoint are calculated indoors, and lofting is directly carried out according to the lofting elements calculated in advance during field work. The operation that will originally need to carry out on the scene shifts to indoor, has improved field operation efficiency greatly, reduces the probability that field error appears.
The embodiments in the present application are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A road centerline coordinate lofting method, comprising:
determining the maximum control distance between a lofting point of a road center line and a measuring station according to the road construction precision requirement and the nominal precision parameter of a total station for lofting, and specifically comprising the following steps of:
determining lofting precision required by a road according to the road construction precision requirement;
selecting a total station for lofting measurement based on the lofting precision required by the road;
determining the maximum control distance between a lofting point of a highway central line and a measuring station according to lofting precision required by the highway and nominal precision parameters of the total station;
if the distances between part of the lofting points and all the stations on the highway centerline are larger than the maximum control distance;
increasing the number of the test stations until the distance between the sampling point and at least one test station is less than the maximum control distance;
dividing the highway central line into a plurality of lofting sections according to the position of the station-measuring point and the maximum control distance;
before carrying out center line lofting operation, based on a preset program, calculating standard lofting elements according to coordinates of a station measuring point, coordinates of a rear viewpoint and coordinates of a lofting point, and specifically comprising the following steps:
determining a preset program for calculating standard lofting elements;
determining a station measuring coordinate, a rear viewpoint coordinate and a lofting point coordinate for each lofting section to generate a data file;
according to the data file of the lofting section, based on the program for calculating standard lofting elements, calculating a standard lofting distance and a standard lofting angle of the lofting point under the survey station and the rear viewpoint coordinate, specifically including:
calculating the distance between the measuring station and the lofting point according to the coordinates of the measuring station and the coordinates of the lofting point, and taking the distance as a standard lofting distance;
calculating a first coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the rear viewpoint coordinate and the station coordinate and a second coordinate azimuth angle of a connecting line of the station coordinate and the sampling point coordinate;
calculating a standard lofting angle between a connecting line of the viewpoint coordinate and the station coordinate and a connecting line of the station coordinate and the lofting point coordinate according to the first coordinate azimuth and the second coordinate azimuth;
the standard lofting elements comprise standard lofting angles and standard lofting distances;
and performing center line lofting on the lofting section through the total station according to the standard lofting elements.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after a centerline loft by said total station at said loft section in accordance with said standard loft elements, said method further comprises:
re-measuring the coordinates of all lofting points in the lofting section;
calculating the difference value between the actual measured coordinates of all the lofting points and the design coordinates of all the lofting points;
and determining that the lofting work of the lofting section is finished if the difference is smaller than a preset threshold value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to centerline lofting of the loft section, the method further comprises:
determining the station testing number and the rear viewpoint number of each lofting section;
generating a data file according to the standard lofting elements corresponding to the test station numbers and the rear viewpoint numbers; the data file comprises lofting point pile numbers corresponding to all lofting points in the lofting section and standard lofting elements corresponding to each lofting pile.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein dividing the highway centerline into loft sections comprises:
determining a lofting point, the distance between which and two continuous stations in the lofting section is less than the maximum control distance, according to the station measuring point and the rear viewpoint of the lofting section;
and taking the lofting points with the distances from the two continuous stations smaller than the maximum control distance as the overlapped sections of the two continuous lofting sections.
5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a centerline loft is made at the loft section by the total station in accordance with the standard loft elements, comprising in particular:
the total station is correctly arranged at the lofting section measuring station and is started;
performing back vision, aiming the prism on a back viewpoint by the total station, and setting the horizontal angle to be zero;
lofting according to the standard lofting distance and lofting angle of the lofting points in the section calculated indoors; determining a lofting direction according to a standard lofting angle, actually measuring distance through a total station in the lofting direction, and continuously adjusting the distance between a lofting prism and a station point until the actual lofting elements of the lofting pile are consistent with the standard lofting elements in required precision, so as to determine the point position of a lofting point.
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