CN112921656A - 一种壳核纳米镀膜pbo纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开的一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液、或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在一定反应温度条件下反应一定时间,即得。该方法可以提高PBO纤维的耐紫外辐照性能,在强日晒环境下保持优异的高强性能,使PBO纤维的应用性能大幅提高。还提供了由上述方法制备得到的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织技术领域,具体涉及一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维,还提供一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
PBO纤维是一种具有“超高强度”、“超高模量”、“超高耐热性”和“超阻燃性”四项“超高”性能的有机高性能纤维,是极其理想的纺织原料,但唯一不足的是光老化性能差,使其在强日晒环境下优异的高强性能失色。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维,该包覆纳米镀膜的PBO纤维能在强日晒环境下保持着优异的拉伸强力。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是,一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在一定反应温度条件下反应一定时间,即得。
本发明的特征还在于,
步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为1:2至2:1。
步骤1中,所述纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为30-50nm。
步骤2中,反应温度为180℃~210℃。
步骤2中,反应时间为90s~180s。
本发明所采用的第二个技术方案是,一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维,上述方法制备得到。
本发明的有益效果是:使用本发明方法制备的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维能提高PBO纤维的耐紫外辐照性能,提高PBO纤维的应用性能。经紫外照射光老化实验显示:单纯的聚乙烯丙烯酸酯粘合乳液涂层不能提高PBO纤维自身拉伸强力,而含有纳米材料的紫外吸收镀膜材料能有效地吸收入射紫外线,缓解PBO纤维自身的紫外光老化降解,提高PBO纤维的拉伸强度保持率。该方法可以提高PBO纤维的耐紫外辐照性能,在强日晒环境下保持优异的高强性能,使PBO纤维的应用性能大幅提高。
附图说明
图1是原PBO纤维的表面形貌电镜图片;
图2是经紫外光照射后的原PBO纤维的表面形貌电镜图片;
图3是实施例5制备得到的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的表面形貌电镜图片;
图4是实施例5制备得到的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维经紫外光照射后的表面形貌电镜图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液、或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为1:2至2:1;
步骤1中,纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为30-50nm;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在反应温度180℃~210℃条件下反应90s~180s,即得。
本发明还提供一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维,由上述方法制备得到。
实施例1
一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到聚乙烯丙烯酸酯中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;
步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液、或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为1:2;
步骤1中,纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为30nm;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在反应温度180℃条件下反应90s,即得。
实施例2
一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液、或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为1:2至2:1;
步骤1中,纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为50nm;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在反应温度210℃条件下反应180s,即得。
实施例3
一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液、或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为1:2;
步骤1中,纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为40nm;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在反应温度200℃条件下反应100s,即得。
实施例4
一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到乙烯丙烯酸酯中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液、或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为1:2至2:1;
步骤1中,纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为45nm;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在反应温度190℃条件下反应120s,即得。
实施例5
一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液、或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为2:1;
步骤1中,纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为30nm;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在反应温度200℃条件下反应150s,即得。
本实施例5制备得到的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的拉伸强力为37.5cN,原PBO纤维的拉伸强力为36cN,这是由于纳米镀膜乳液与PBO纤维发生物理吸附作用,PBO纤维界面与纳米镀膜乳液粘合后增加了纤维的界面强力。
将实施5制备得到的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维及原PBO纤维在照射时间0-300h,照射面积0.75w/平方厘米,照射距离50mm的紫外线照射条件下进行拉伸性的检测,具体数据如下表:
表1不同的紫外照射时间对壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维及原PBO纤维拉伸性能影响
由上表数据可知,在照射时间0-300h,照射面积0.75-1w/平方厘米,照射距离50mm的紫外线照射条件下,本实施例制备的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的拉伸性能仍然大于原PBO纤维的拉伸性能,该壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维能在强日晒环境下保持着优异的拉伸强力。
对采用上述方法制备的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维经上述条件下的紫外照射后性能测试,结果PBO原纤在紫外照射下原纤强力保持率在200hrs仅有59%,而经过纳米镀膜乳液包覆的PBO纤维强力保持率高达87.9%。见表2表2壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维及原PBO纤维经紫外照射后强力保持率
表2可以看出,经紫外照射后的两组材料的强度保持率分别有不同程度的下降,发现壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维经表面镀膜后的抗紫外能力显著,随着紫外照射时间的增加,强度保持率呈现线性降低的趋势。紫外照射300小时后两组材料的强力保持率分别为64.1%和49%。说明原PBO纤维在紫外照射下没有吸收和屏蔽作用,不能使纤维基免受紫外光降解。而含有纳米材料的紫外吸收镀膜材料能有效地吸收入射紫外线,缓解PBO纤维自身的紫外光老化降解,提高PBO纤维的拉伸强度保持率。
图1-4显示紫外辐照100h后,扫描电镜下的原PBO纤维与未经紫外光照射的原PBO纤维(图1-2)表面出现严重的沟槽,说明PBO纤维皮层遭受破坏,深入到纤维的芯层。而实施例5制备得到的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维表面有一层不均匀的膜,经紫外辐照后,纤维的表面仅出现一定粗糙程度,纤维的皮层及芯层均无损伤,与未经紫外光照射的壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维相比差别不大(如图3-4)。
Claims (6)
1.一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤1,将纳米壳材料添加到聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液中混合,得到纳米镀膜乳液;
步骤2,向步骤1制备得到的纳米镀膜乳液中添加PBO纤维,搅拌均均,在一定反应温度条件下反应一定时间,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,纳米壳材料与聚乙烯丙烯酸酯、有机硅聚乙烯酯乳液或聚丙烯酸丙烯腈乳液的质量比为1:2至2:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述纳米壳材料由纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯混合组成,其中,纳米二氧化钛、有机硅、氧化石墨烯的质量比为:1:1:1;纳米二氧化钛的粒径大小为30-50nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,反应温度为180℃~210℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,反应时间为90s~180s。
6.一种壳核纳米镀膜PBO纤维,其特征在于,由权利要求1-5任意一项方法制备得到。
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