CN112918039A - Composite structure of metal composite material and forming method thereof - Google Patents
Composite structure of metal composite material and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112918039A CN112918039A CN202110081101.6A CN202110081101A CN112918039A CN 112918039 A CN112918039 A CN 112918039A CN 202110081101 A CN202110081101 A CN 202110081101A CN 112918039 A CN112918039 A CN 112918039A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
- B32B9/007—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/041—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite structure of a metal composite material and a forming method thereof, and the composite structure of the metal composite material comprises the following components: a composite material layer made of metal matrix composite material; the metal layer is made of pure metal or alloy which is the same as the base metal of the composite material layer, and is compounded with the composite material layer to form an integral structure; the compounding method comprises the following steps: if the composite material layer is used as a working surface, compounding the metal layer with the non-working surface of the composite material layer; if the metal layer is used as the working surface, the metal layer is compounded with a part of or the whole surface of the composite material layer. The problems of difficulty in machining and welding, low production efficiency and high cost of the existing metal matrix composite material product are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite material forming, and particularly relates to a composite structure of a metal composite material and a forming method thereof.
Background
The metal-based composite material has wide application prospect in various fields of aviation, aerospace, national defense, electronics, traffic and the like due to excellent performance, the composite material is generally connected with accessory metal components in a bonding, brazing or bolt mode at present, but the integral metal-based composite material is difficult to manufacture, machine and weld, has low production efficiency and high cost and is not suitable for industrial application, particularly the widest civil market field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite structure of a metal composite material and a forming method thereof, and aims to solve the problems of difficult welding, low production efficiency and high cost of the existing metal matrix composite material product.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a composite structure of a metal composite comprising:
a composite material layer made of metal matrix composite material;
the metal layer is made of pure metal or alloy which is the same as the base metal of the composite material layer, and is compounded with the composite material layer to form an integral structure;
the compounding method comprises the following steps:
if the composite material layer is used as a working surface, compounding the metal layer with the non-working surface of the composite material layer;
if the metal layer is used as the working surface, the metal layer is compounded with a part of or the whole surface of the composite material layer.
Furthermore, the composite material layer and the metal layer are both solid structures.
Furthermore, a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes are formed in the composite material layer, and the reinforced heat dissipation holes are through holes or counter bores.
Further, the composite material layer is aluminum/silicon carbide, the metal layer is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is compounded with the whole surface of the composite material layer.
Further, the composite material layer is aluminum/silicon carbide, the metal layer is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is compounded with the non-working surface of the composite material layer.
Further, the composite material layer is aluminum/silicon carbide graphite, the metal layer is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is compounded with the whole surface of the composite material layer.
Further, the composite material layer is aluminum/silicon carbide graphite, the metal layer is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is compounded with the non-working surface of the composite material layer.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the forming method of the composite structure of the metal composite material is to contact the liquid metal layer with part or all of the surface of the solid composite material layer and connect the liquid metal layer with the composite material layer to form a whole in the cooling and solidifying processes of the metal layer.
Furthermore, when the composite material layer is provided with a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes, the liquid metal layer is filled into each reinforced heat dissipation hole in the process of compounding the metal layer and the composite material layer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the requirement of the product, the composite material is used at the position with high performance requirement, and the alloy is used at the other positions with low requirement or needing mechanical processing and welding, so that the appearance of the metal-matrix composite material part can be simplified, the production difficulty and cost of the composite material can be reduced, and the mechanical processing and welding processing can be avoided, thereby enabling the large-scale process application of the composite material to be possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite structure of a metal composite according to the present invention, in which a composite material layer is a solid structure and is partially surface-compounded;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite structure of a metal composite according to the present invention, in which a composite material layer is a solid structure and is compounded on all surfaces;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a composite structure of a metal composite according to the present invention, in which a composite material layer is provided with reinforced heat dissipation holes and a portion of the surface is compounded;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a composite structure of a metal composite according to the present invention, in which a composite material layer is provided with reinforced heat dissipation holes and all surfaces are compounded.
Wherein, 1, the composite material layer, 2, the metal layer and 3, the reinforced heat dissipation hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention provides a composite structure of a metal composite, as shown in fig. 1-2, comprising a composite layer 1 and a metal layer 2. The composite material layer 1 is a metal matrix composite material, and the metal composite material relates to various potential industrial application fields of the metal matrix composite material, can replace various metal materials such as steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and the like, and can be used as a structural material and a functional material. The metal layer 2 is a pure metal or an alloy of the same kind as the base metal of the composite material layer 1, for example, if the composite material layer 1 is aluminum silicon carbide, the metal layer 2 is pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
The composite material layer 1 and the metal layer 2 are compounded to form an integral structure, and the compound structural form is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, if the composite material layer 1 is used as a working surface, the metal layer 2 is composited with a part of the surface of the composite material layer 1. The surface of the composite material layer 1 which is not compounded with the metal layer 2 is a working surface.
As shown in fig. 2, if the metal layer 2 is used as a working surface, the metal layer 2 may be surface-compounded with a part of the surface of the composite material layer 1, or the entire surface.
In some embodiments, both composite layer 1 and metal layer 2 are solid structures. As shown in fig. 3-5, in order to further improve the heat dissipation effect, a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes may be formed in the composite material layer 1, the reinforced heat dissipation holes are through holes or counter bores, and the holes enhance the composite strength of the composite material layer 1 and the metal layer 2 in the subsequent metal layer 2 forming process.
In some embodiments, the metal layer 2 is provided with a connection structure for mating, connecting or assembling with a pre-fitted member.
In some embodiments, the composite layer may be aluminum/silicon carbide, the metal layer may be pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is composited with the entire surface of the composite layer.
In some embodiments, the composite layer may be aluminum/silicon carbide, the metal layer may be pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is composited with the non-working surface of the composite layer.
In some embodiments, the composite layer may be aluminum/silicon carbide graphite, the metal layer may be pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is composited with the entire surface of the composite layer.
In some embodiments, the composite layer may be aluminum/silicon carbide graphite, the metal layer may be pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the metal layer is composited with the non-working surface of the composite layer.
The basic composition of the metal layer 2 is generally the same as the basic composition of the matrix metal of the composite layer 1, for example, the metal selected for the aluminum/silicon carbide is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, but the specific composition need not be the same or similar. The selection forms ideal metallurgical bonding after the composite material layer 1 and the metal layer 2 are compounded, and no adverse interface problem exists; on the contrary, for example, if the metal selected for the aluminum/silicon carbide is pure copper or copper alloy, a brittle aluminum-copper phase is formed at the interface, which not only greatly reduces the strength and toughness of the interface, but also greatly hinders the heat conduction, i.e., hinders the heat dissipation.
The invention also provides a method for forming a composite structure of a metal composite material, as shown in fig. 1-2, the metal layer 2 is contacted with part of or all of the surface of the composite material layer 1 in a liquid state, and is connected with the composite material layer 1 into a whole in the cooling and solidifying processes of the metal layer 2.
As shown in fig. 3-5, if a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes are formed on the composite material layer 1, the metal material of the metal layer 2 is filled in each reinforced heat dissipation hole during the process of combining the metal layer 2 with the composite material layer 1. The composite material layer 1 containing the reinforced heat dissipation holes is added to the surface or the interior of a composite structure of a metal composite material by a metal casting process, and then heat treatment, secondary processing, welding and assembling are carried out according to production requirements to form an actual product. In addition to the necessary grinding, the composite material layer 1 does not require any further secondary machining and welding operations during the entire production process.
Example 1
The existing brake pad generally comprises two parts, wherein one part is a friction part which is opposite to a brake disc, and the other part is a metal back plate. The two parts are connected by bonding, brazing and the like to form an actual brake pad product.
The composite material layer is used as a friction part, and the metal layer is used as a metal back plate. The composite material layer is aluminum/silicon carbide graphite, and the metal layer is aluminum-magnesium alloy. A plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes are formed in the composite material layer 1, and the metal layer 2 and the non-opposite-grinding surface of the composite material layer 1 are compounded. The reinforced heat dissipation holes are filled with aluminum-magnesium alloy, the size, the number and the distribution of the reinforced heat dissipation holes are designed according to the practical application field and the position on the premise of ensuring the brake performance requirement, and the brake pad product is obtained after compounding, so that the conventional connecting process of the friction part and the metal back plate is omitted. The surface of the composite material layer 1 that is not compounded is the friction surface of the friction portion.
The aluminum/silicon carbide graphite can meet the performance requirements of brake pads in different fields by adjusting the proportion of the components such as the friction-increasing phase silicon carbide, the friction part for the brake does not need to be entirely made of composite materials, only the friction surface is made of the composite materials, and therefore a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes can be processed on the aluminum/silicon carbide graphite plate. The invention realizes the composite connection of the back plate and the friction part while producing the back plate, and obtains the cast-welded integral brake pad. The thickness of whole brake block is decided by the thickness of actual brake block friction portion, strengthens the louvre and is filled by the almag liquid when producing the backplate to with backplate integrated into one piece, further strengthened the firm combination of friction portion with the metal backplate, also improved the heat-sinking capability of brake block simultaneously greatly, reduce the temperature of brake block during operation, thereby improve brake block life-span and stability.
Example 2
The composite material layer is used as a main layer of a heat dissipation plate of the IGBT, and the metal layer is used as an auxiliary thin layer and a heat dissipation needle of the IGBT. The composite material layer is aluminum/silicon carbide, and the metal layer is pure aluminum. The composite material layer 1 is provided with a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes, the metal layer 2 is compounded with the non-working surface of the composite material layer 1, and the pure aluminum part at the outer edge is provided with a fabrication hole for fixing the heat dissipation plate in future. The reinforced heat dissipation holes in the main layer of the heat dissipation plate are filled with pure aluminum and are compounded with the auxiliary thin layers and the heat dissipation pins into a whole, columnar pure aluminum is formed in the reinforced heat dissipation holes in the main layer of the heat dissipation plate, the columnar aluminum greatly improves the heat dissipation capacity of the IGBT, the working temperature of the IGBT is obviously reduced, the service life and the stability of the IGBT power supply are improved, the power applicable to the power supply is improved, the possibility is provided for reducing the size of the power supply, and the method is particularly important for small-sized electric equipment.
Example 3
The composite material layer is used as an inner layer of the LED lamp substrate, the metal layer is used as a process layer of the LED lamp substrate, the upper side and the lower side of the metal layer are completely wrapped by the composite material layer, the composite material layer 1 is made of aluminum/silicon carbide and provided with a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes, the metal layer 2 is made of pure aluminum, and the metal layer 2 is compounded with all the surfaces of the composite material layer 1. The process holes for fixing the substrate are located at the edge area of the metal layer.
The reinforced heat dissipation holes in the inner layer of the LED lamp substrate are filled with pure aluminum and are compounded with the process layer of the LED lamp substrate into a whole, columnar pure aluminum is formed in the reinforced heat dissipation holes in the substrate, the heat dissipation capacity of the LED lamp is greatly improved by the columnar aluminum, the working temperature of the LED lamp is obviously reduced, the service life and the stability of the LED lamp are prolonged, and the power of the LED lamp is improved under the condition that the structure of the substrate is not changed. This is especially important to high power LED such as present municipal administration illumination street lamp, car headlamp.
Example 4
The composite material layer is used as the inner layer of the damping/shock absorption part, the metal layer is used as the process layer of the damping/shock absorption part, the composite material layer is solid magnesium/graphite, and the metal layer is magnesium alloy. The magnesium alloy is completely wrapped by the magnesium/graphite, the fixed, connected or assembled part is positioned in the edge area of the magnesium alloy, the composite board obtained by compounding the composite material layer and the metal layer can be mechanically, mechanically or welded to be finally assembled into a damping/shock-absorbing product, or the composite board is formed into the final damping/shock-absorbing product in one step when the metal layer is cast through the production process design.
Because general products have different performance requirements on different parts, and actual products generally do not need to integrally adopt composite materials, the composite structure of the metal composite material can use the composite material at the part with high performance requirement and use metal or alloy at other parts with low requirements or needing machining and welding according to the requirements of the products, thereby not only simplifying the appearance of metal-based composite material parts and reducing the production difficulty and cost of the composite material, but also avoiding machining and welding processing, and further leading the large-scale industrial application of the composite material to be possible.
According to the invention, through the product structure design, the use of the existing alloy material at the part needing machining and welding is realized, the machining and welding processes of the composite material part in the actual industrial production are avoided, and the bottleneck problem of the application of the existing metal matrix composite material is solved; meanwhile, the appearance of the composite structure part of the actual metal composite material is simplified, and the actual consumption of the composite material is reduced. Because the product produced by the forming method of the composite structure of the metal composite material is not an integral composite material product, the composite material part can generally adopt a regular and simple shape, such as a round shape or a plane shape, so that a relatively simple process and equipment can be adopted for production, the manufacturing difficulty and the cost are greatly reduced, and the requirement of large-scale industrial production is met; meanwhile, the composite material part only occupies one part in the whole part, and the production cost can be obviously reduced.
The metal layer in the method generally comprises a direct auxiliary structure part of the existing composite material product, and the auxiliary structure is produced by adopting a casting process, so that the existing equipment and the production line can be utilized without extra investment; the composite material part is just equivalent to adding a core in the casting process, the production process and equipment of the original auxiliary alloy structure are basically not changed, and the original production efficiency of the auxiliary structure part is not influenced. The composite structure of the metal composite material simplifies the connection process into the production process of the accessory metal component, and enables the accessory metal component to be integrated, so that the corresponding connection process and process are reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced; meanwhile, the bonding strength of the composite material is greatly higher than the connection strength of the existing composite material and the accessory components thereof, the performance stability of the whole component is greatly improved, and the composite material can be used at higher temperature or under worse working conditions.
Claims (10)
1. A composite structure of a metal composite, comprising:
a composite material layer (1) made of metal matrix composite material;
the metal layer (2) is made of pure metal or alloy which is the same as the base metal of the composite material layer (1) and is compounded with the composite material layer (1) to form an integral structure;
the compounding mode is as follows:
if the composite material layer (1) is used as a working surface, the metal layer (2) is compounded with a non-working surface on the composite material layer (1);
if the metal layer (2) is used as a working surface, the metal layer (2) is compounded with part of or the whole surface of the composite material layer (1).
2. A composite structure of metal composites according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite layer (1) and the metal layer (2) are both solid structures.
3. The composite structure of metal composite according to claim 2, wherein the composite material layer (1) is provided with a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes (3), and the reinforced heat dissipation holes (3) are through holes or counter bores.
4. A composite structure of metal composite according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the metal layer (2) is provided with connection means for cooperation, connection or assembly with pre-fitted components.
5. A composite structure of metal composites according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite layer (1) is aluminium/silicon carbide, the metal layer (2) is pure aluminium or an aluminium alloy, and the metal layer (2) is composited with the whole surface of the composite layer (1).
6. A composite structure of metal composites according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite layer (1) is aluminium/silicon carbide, the metal layer (2) is pure aluminium or an aluminium alloy, and the metal layer (2) is composited with the non-working surface of the composite layer (1).
7. A composite structure of metal composites according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite layer (1) is aluminum/silicon carbide graphite, the metal layer (2) is pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the metal layer (2) is composited with the entire surface of the composite layer (1).
8. A composite structure of metal composites according to claim 3, characterized in that the composite layer (1) is aluminium/silicon carbide graphite, the metal layer (2) is pure aluminium or an aluminium alloy, and the metal layer (2) is composited with the non-working surface of the composite layer (1).
9. A method for forming a composite structure of metal composite according to any of claims 1-8, characterized in that a liquid metal layer (2) is brought into contact with part or all of the surface of the solid composite layer (1) and joined to the composite layer (1) during cooling and solidification of the metal layer (2) to form a unitary body.
10. The method for forming a metal composite material according to claim 9, wherein when a plurality of reinforced heat dissipation holes (3) are formed in the composite material layer (1), the liquid metal layer (2) is filled into each reinforced heat dissipation hole (3) during the process of combining the metal layer (2) with the composite material layer (1).
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Cited By (1)
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CN114378261A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-04-22 | 德清县东旭合金钢铸造有限公司 | Casting process of bimetal alloy steel plate |
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN114378261A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-04-22 | 德清县东旭合金钢铸造有限公司 | Casting process of bimetal alloy steel plate |
CN114378261B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-12-05 | 德清县东旭合金钢铸造有限公司 | Casting process of bimetal alloy steel plate |
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