CN112913987A - Functional feed for improving grass carp quality by using schizochytrium limacinum residues - Google Patents
Functional feed for improving grass carp quality by using schizochytrium limacinum residues Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention providesA preparation method of a functional feed for improving the quality of grass carps by using schizochytrium limacinum residues comprises the following steps: s1: mixing Ca (H)2PO4)2Mixing bentonite and premix; s2: adding bean pulp into the small material, uniformly mixing, adding melted lard oil, uniformly kneading, sequentially adding linseed oil and soybean oil, and sufficiently and uniformly kneading to obtain an oil-kneaded small material; s3: sequentially adding fish meal, cottonseed meal, rice bran, flour and schizochytrium limacinum residue, and mixing to obtain a main material; s4: adding water for granulation; s5: feeding materials in several times to uniformly discharge the materials; s6: and (5) spreading and airing the feed granulated in the step (S5) until the feed is dry. The feed provided by the invention can be used for remarkably improving the DHA content of grass carp muscle, reducing the proportion of inedible viscera parts such as abdominal fat and liver of grass carp, improving the oxidation resistance of fish body, and solving the problems of low DHA content, serious abdominal fat accumulation, poor health condition and the like in fish body fed by common commercial materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fish feed, relates to the use of special raw materials and the preparation of special feed, and particularly relates to a functional feed for improving the quality of grass carp by using schizochytrium limacinum residues.
Background
Grass carp (Ctenophagodon idellus) belongs to Cyprinales, Cyprinaceae and grass carp, is the freshwater aquaculture breed with the highest yield in China, has the yield of 5533083 tons in 2019 and accounts for 21.72 percent of the national freshwater fish aquaculture yield (China fishery statistics yearbook, 2020). The grass carp has good meat quality, rich nutrition and high yield, so the grass carp has high economic value.
With the development of intensive culture, the grass carp is generally fed by a mixed feed, and a fine culture mode of feeding or not feeding green feed is reduced. Although the growth speed of the grass carps is obviously improved in the mode, serious problems that abdominal fat of the grass carps is excessively accumulated, lipid metabolism is disordered, the meat quality is loose and lacks n-3HUFA, the health condition of the grass carps is poor and the grass carps are easy to suffer from diseases and the like often occur, so that the quality of the grass carps is reduced, and the development of grass carp breeding is hindered.
Schizochytrium sp, also called Schizochytrium sp, and Schizochytrium sp belong to the class of marine fungi of Eumycota, Oomycetes, Saprolegelmales, and Thraustochytriaceae, and have a fat content of more than 50% by dry cell weight, and a DHA content of one of n-3LC-PUFA accounts for 30-55% by total lipid content. The schizochytrium has been reported to remarkably improve the quality of aquatic products, improve the health condition of fish bodies, and improve the antioxidant capacity by increasing the accumulation of DHA in the fish bodies. The schizochytrium residue used in the invention is a byproduct of oil extraction of schizochytrium, is black and crushed, and still contains a certain amount of DHA through detection. The method has the advantages that the proper amount of schizochytrium limacinum residues are added into the compound feed meeting the specific nutritional requirements of the grass carps, the special feed is created, and the method has important significance in overcoming the defects of the conventional feed and improving the quality of the grass carps.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a special grass carp feed added with schizochytrium limacinum residues, so as to solve the problems of low n-3LC-PUFA content in grass carp muscle, serious in-vivo lipopexia, poor muscle quality and health condition and the like at the present stage.
The technical scheme is as follows: a functional feed for improving grass carp quality by utilizing schizochytrium limacinum residues is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of fish meal, 290 parts of soybean meal, 230 parts of cottonseed meal, 100.9-135.3 parts of rice bran, 137.2-220 parts of flour, 30-120 parts of schizochytrium limacinum residues, 3.5-6.7 parts of lard oil, 15 parts of linseed oil, 3 parts of soybean oil, 220 parts of Ca (H2PO4), 10 parts of bentonite and 10 parts of premix.
Preferably, the content of the schizochytrium residue is 3-12 wt% of the total amount of the functional feed.
Preferably, the sum of the weight parts of the ingredients of the functional feed is 1000 parts.
Preferably, the premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.16 part of aluminum potassium sulfate, 18.10 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.07 part of cobalt chloride, 5.216 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.007 part of manganese sulfate, 16.550 parts of potassium chloride, 0.017 part of potassium iodide, 0.190 part of zinc carbonate, 0.008 part of sodium selenate, 0.070 part of copper sulfate, 1.343 parts of ferric citrate, 5 parts of thiamine, 5 parts of riboflavin, 0.75 part of vitamin A, 45 parts of vitamin E, 0.06 part of vitamin D3, 4.2 parts of menadione, 3.8 parts of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.01 part of cyanocobalamine, 0.6 part of biotin, 10 parts of calcium pantothenate, 1.5 parts of folic acid, 20 parts of nicotinic acid, 200 parts of inositol and 662.349 parts of limestone carrier.
A preparation method of a functional feed for improving the quality of grass carps by using schizochytrium limacinum residues comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing small materials: accurately weighing the fully crushed Ca (H)2PO4)2Swelling and swelling of the Chinese medicinal materialsMoistening soil and premix, and mixing the mixture after air-blowing expansion to obtain small material;
s2: oil rubbing: adding soybean meal into the mixed small materials, fully and uniformly mixing the small materials with the small materials after air blowing and expansion, adding melted lard oil for uniformly kneading, and sequentially adding linseed oil and soybean oil for fully and uniformly kneading to obtain oil-kneaded small materials;
s3: preparing a large material: sequentially adding fish meal, cottonseed meal, rice bran, flour and schizochytrium limacinum residue into the small oil-rolling material, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a big material;
s4: adding water: adding water into the large material for granulation, and adding a small amount of water for multiple times until uniformly mixing;
s5: and (3) granulating: cleaning the granulator, adjusting a gap between the pressing wheel and the ring die, and feeding materials in multiple times to uniformly discharge materials;
s6: air drying of the feed: and (5) uniformly spreading and airing the feed granulated in the step (S5), turning and airing at intervals until the feed particles are dry, and standing at-20 ℃ for long-term storage.
Preferably, the temperature of the lard in the step S2 is 30-50 ℃.
Preferably, the adding amount of the water in the step S4 is 10-12 wt% of the mass of the main material.
Preferably, the gap between the pressure wheel and the ring die in the step S5 is 0.03-0.05mm, and the feeding amount is 150g per time.
Has the advantages that:
1. the feed provided by the invention obviously improves the DHA content of grass carp muscle, reduces the proportion of inedible viscera parts such as abdominal fat and liver, improves the oxidation resistance of fish liver, and solves the problems of low DHA content in fish body, serious abdominal fat accumulation, poor fish quality and health condition and the like when common commercial materials are fed;
2. the functional feed prepared by adding 3-9% of schizochytrium limacinum residues can obviously reduce excessive accumulation of body fat of the grass carps, reduce the proportion of inedible viscera such as abdominal fat and liver, increase the deposition of DHA in muscles of the grass carps, improve the oxidation resistance of the grass carps, improve the health condition of the grass carps and the like;
3. compared with vegetable oil, the lard oil has special fragrance and can stimulate grass carp to ingest; the linseed oil supplements the demand of grass carp on fatty acid EPA, and regulates the fatty acid balance;
4. according to the invention, the premix is added into the small feed firstly, so that the premix can be fully and uniformly mixed in the feed, the phenomenon of uneven distribution of the premix in the feed is avoided, and the using effect of the feed is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of muscle fatty acids (as a percentage of total fatty acids) of grass carp (A) factor load for principal component 1(PC1) and principal component 2(PC 2); (B) a factor score graph;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of schizochytrium residue on the liver cell histoarchitecture, (A) liver cell histoarchitecture (hematoxylin-eosin staining, 200-fold magnification), (B) schizochytrium residue on H&Per unit area in E staining (375000 μm)2) The effect of hepatocyte number, all data shown as mean ± sd, with significant difference in different letters between groups (P)<0.05)；
FIG. 3 is a graph of the effect of schizochytrium residue on the organization of adipose cells in the abdominal cavity, (A) the effect of different levels of schizochytrium residue addition on the organization of adipose cells in the abdominal cavity (B) the average size of the adipose cells per unit area of adipose tissue in the abdominal cavity, all data are shown as mean. + -. standard deviation. Different letters between groups indicate significant difference (P < 0.05);
FIG. 4 is a graph of schizochytrium residue.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a functional feed for improving grass carp quality by utilizing schizochytrium limacinum residues, and in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is further described in detail by matching with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Examples
A preparation method of a functional feed for improving the quality of grass carps by using schizochytrium limacinum residues comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing small materials: accurately weighing the fully crushed Ca (H)2PO4)2The bentonite and the premix are fully and uniformly mixed after being inflated by air to obtain small materials;
s2: oil rubbing: adding soybean meal into the mixed small materials, fully and uniformly mixing the small materials with the small materials after air blowing and expansion, adding lard oil melted at 40 ℃ for uniformly kneading, and sequentially adding linseed oil and soybean oil for fully and uniformly kneading to obtain oil-kneaded small materials;
s3: preparing a large material: sequentially adding fish meal, cottonseed meal, rice bran, flour and schizochytrium limacinum residue into the small oil-rolling material, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a big material;
s4: adding water: adding water into the large material for granulation, and adding a small amount of water for multiple times until uniformly mixing, wherein the adding amount of the water is 10-12 wt% of the mass of the large material;
s5: and (3) granulating: cleaning the granulator, adjusting the gap between the pinch roller and the ring die to be 0.03-0.05mm, feeding materials in batches, wherein the feeding amount is 150g per time, and discharging materials uniformly;
s6: air drying of the feed: and (5) uniformly spreading and airing the feed granulated in the step (S5), turning and airing at intervals until the feed particles are dry, and standing at-20 ℃ for long-term storage.
TABLE 1 Schizophyta residue and nutrient composition of feed formula (air-dried basis, g.kg)-1)
Note: DS, schizochytrium residue
Premixing: (mg/100 g feed) 0.16mg of potassium aluminum sulfate, 18.10mg of calcium carbonate, 0.07mg of cobalt chloride, 5.216mg of magnesium sulfate, 0.007mg of manganese sulfate, 16.550mg of potassium chloride, 0.017mg of potassium iodide, 0.190mg of zinc carbonate, 0.008mg of sodium selenate, 0.070mg of copper sulfate, 1.343mg of ferric citrate, 5mg of thiamine, 5mg of riboflavin, 0.75mg of vitamin A, vitamin E45mg, 0.06mg of vitamin D3, 4.2mg of menadione, 3.8mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.01mg of cyanocobalamin, 0.6mg of biotin, 10mg of calcium pantothenate, 1.5mg of folic acid, 20mg of nicotinic acid, 200mg of inositol, 662.349mg of limestone carrier, 1mg of limestone carrier, calcium carbonate, and zinc chloride
Test fish and feeding management
The experimental grass carp is provided by an Ankang aquatic product experimental demonstration station of the university of agriculture and forestry science and technology in northwest. Grass carp was fed with normal commercial feed in cement (4.75m 1.65m 0.8m) for 14 days. After starvation is carried out for 24 hours before fish separation, 270 young fishes (weight is 36.75 +/-0.55 g) with regular specifications, healthy constitution and are randomly distributed into 15 net cages (0.95m x 0.8 m; 722L), the net cages are placed in an outdoor culture pond, the 15 net cages are randomly distributed into 5 groups, 3 fish in each group are repeated, 12 fish in each group are repeated, the test is formally started after 24 hours of food stopping, and 5 groups of test feed are randomly distributed and fed for 56 days in each group. During the test period, the ratio of feeding is 8:30, 12:30 and 16:30 after 3 times of feeding per day. The test water adopts the well water after aeration, and the micro-flow water culture is carried out, and the pool bottom is cleaned once every week. The illumination period is natural light. The water quality was monitored daily and the number of test fish deaths, etc. was recorded. During the culture process, the water temperature is monitored to be 27.5 +/-1.6 ℃, the pH value is 7.4 +/-0.34, the dissolved oxygen is 7.90 +/-0.40 mg L-1, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.05 +/-0.03 mg L-1, the nitrite is less than 0.01mg/L, and the sulfide is less than 0.05 mg/L.
Sample collection
Sample collection respected animal welfare and moral specifications, performed strictly in accordance with the requirements of the animal care committee of the university of agriculture and forestry, northwest. The grass carp after starvation for 24h was anesthetized with MS-222(50 mg. L-1). The fish in each tank were weighed and body length was measured. Taking 2 fish jellies in each jar, and storing at-20 deg.C. Taking 5 fish in each jar, dissecting and weighing viscera, kidney, liver and pancreas, intestinal tract, spleen and abdominal cavity adipose tissue, wherein three fish liver, intestinal tract and abdominal cavity adipose are fixed in paraformaldehyde solution in small amount, and the rest tissues are stored at-80 deg.C. Collecting 5 fish in jar, collecting blood from tail vein, standing at 4 deg.C for 6 hr, centrifuging (12000 Xg, 4 deg.C, 10min), collecting serum, and storing at-80 deg.C. After serum sampling, the dissected and weighed visceral, renal, hepato-pancreatic, intestinal, spleen and abdominal adipose tissues were preserved at-20 ℃.
Analysis of experiments
1. Calculating the biological characters:
from the above dissected tissues and recorded data, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Survival Rate (SR), feed Factor (FCR), Kidney Index (KI), hepato-pancreatic index (HSI), Spleen Index (SI), abdominal fat index (IPFI), and intestinal length Ratio (RIL) were calculated according to the following formulas:
specific growth rate (SGR,%/d) ([ ln (average weight of fish) — ln (average weight of fish))/test day × 100%;
weight gain (weight gain, WG,%) (final weight-initial weight)/initial weight × 100%;
survival rate (Survival ratio, SR,%) — number of fish at end of test/number of fish at beginning of test × 100%;
feed conversion ratio (FCR, g/g) is total Feed/body weight gain;
fullness (Condition factor, CF,%) 3 × 100% weight/length;
kidney index (Kidney index, KI,%) is Kidney weight/fish body weight × 100%;
hepatopancreatic index (HSI,%) hepatopancreatic weight/fish body weight × 100%;
spleen index (spleenindex, SI,%) is Spleen weight/fish body weight × 100%;
abdominal fat index (IPFI,%) is abdominal fat weight/fish body weight × 100%;
intestinal body ratio (Relative intestine length, RIL)%, intestinal length/body length × 100%;
2. general component analysis
The general composition of feed, tissue and whole fish was determined according to the method (AOAC 1995). Wherein, the water content is measured by a constant temperature drying method at 105 ℃, the crude protein (N x 6.25) is measured by a Kjeldahl method, the crude fat content is measured by a Soxhlet extraction method, the crude ash content is measured by ashing for 12 hours at 550 ℃ in a muffle furnace, and the crude fiber is measured by an acid-base digestion method.
3. Fatty acid composition and fatty acid health index analysis
The method for measuring fatty acid of feed and fish body (muscle, liver pancreas and abdominal fat tissue) and calculating the muscle fatty acid health index comprises the following steps: weighing 0.3-0.5g of sample in a 10ml centrifuge tube, adding methanol: chloroform (1:2)5ml, high speed disperser
Ningbo) homogenizing, standing for 1-2 hr, filtering with quantitative filter paper, adding 4ml distilled water, centrifuging at 3000r min-1 for 5min, removing supernatant, and vacuum drying the lower layer with water bath kettle (40 deg.C) to obtain tissue lipid. Then adding 1ml of chromatographically pure hexane to dissolve the grease, adding 1ml of 0.4M KOH-methanol solution, standing for 30min for methyl esterification, then adding 2ml of deionized water, extracting an upper layer solution after layering, and measuring on a gas chromatograph (Agilent 7820a, Agilent technologies, USA). Each fatty acid was identified in comparison to a known standard (47015-U, Sigma-Aldrich, inc., st. The results of the tests were calculated as area normalization and presented as a percentage of total fatty acids.
Atherosclerosis Index (AI) ([ C12:0+ (4 xc 14:0) + C16:0]/(n-3PUFA + n-6PUFA + MUFA);
thrombosis index Thrombogenicity Index (TI) (C14:0+ C16:0+ C18:0)/[ (0.5 XMUFA) + (0.5 Xn-6 PUFA) + (3 Xn-3 PUFA) + (n-3PUFA/n-6PUFA) ]
Hypercholesterolemia index Hypercholesterolemic/Hypercholesterolemic far (H/H) ═ C18:1n-9+ C18:2n-6+ C20:4n-6+ C18:3n-3+ C20:5n-3+ C22:5n-3+ C22:6n-3)/(C14:0+ C16:0)
Blood lipid quality Flash Lipid Quality (FLQ) ((C20: 5n-3+ C22:6 n-3)/. SIGMA TOTAlFA)
4. Histological observation
The detailed preparation and analysis process of the liver and abdominal cavity fat paraffin section comprises the following steps:
the fixed samples were washed in tap water for 12 hours and then subjected to two conventional dehydrations in a graded series of ethanol (30, 50, 70, 80, 90, 95 and 100%). The samples were then infiltrated in xylene and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut to 5 μm using a microtome (RM2235, Leica, germany), mounted on slides, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Paraffin sections were made by Siemens Etidae Biotechnology, Inc. Histological samples were observed and photographed with an upright microscope (Leica biosystems, Germany), and the number of hepatocytes in the images, the size of the adipocyte area, and the average of five non-overlapping images for each group were calculated for different tissue sections using Photoshop (Adobe, San Jose, USA) and analyzed for data.
5. Data analysis
The data of this experiment are expressed as Mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD) and the homogeneity of the variance is checked by Levene test. All data were checked for differences between groups by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple comparisons, with the mean being shoulder-marked with the same letter indicating no significant difference (P > 0.05). The detected indices were evaluated using a linear regression model with different addition levels of schizochytrium residue as dependent variables (0, 3, 6, 9, 12) (P < 0.05). Data processing was performed using SPSS19.0 software (Chicago, IL, USA).
6. Application effects
6.1 Effect of Schizotochorum oil residue on growth Performance and biological Properties of grass carp
Growth performance and biological properties of grass carp as shown in table 2, there was no statistical difference in initial weight (IBW) (36.75 ± 0.55g) of the fish at the beginning of the experiment. After feeding for 56 days, the weight of the fish in all groups is increased by more than 2 times, and the weight reaches 111-115 g. There were no significant differences in FBW, WGR, SGR and FCR between groups (P > 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in biological trait indices such as SR, CF, SI, KI and GRL (P > 0.05). However, fish FI was significantly higher in all treatment groups (DS3, DS6, DS9, DS12) than in the control group (P < 0.05). The HSI and IFI of the fish fed the DS6, DS9 and DS12 group feeds were significantly lower than in the DS0 group (P < 0.05).
TABLE 2 influence of Schizotochorus residue on growth performance and biological properties of grass carp (n ═ 3)
Using linear regression (R)2Adjusted R square) and one-way analysis of variance (average with different superscript letters in the same row); significant difference (P)<0.05)；
6.2 Effect of Schizotochorum residue on conventional ingredients of grass carp
As shown in Table 3, there was no significant change in the water, crude protein, crude fat and ash contents of the whole fish (P > 0.05). With the increase of algae residue in the daily ration, the content of the crude protein in the liver of the fish fed with the feed of DS6 and DS9 is obviously higher than that of the control group (P <0.05), and the content of the crude fat is in the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Although the crude protein in the muscle of the fish fed the DS6 and DS9 group feeds tended to rise compared to the DS0 group, there was no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).
TABLE 3 Effect (%) of schizochytrium residue on the conventional ingredients of grass carp (n ═ 3)
Linear regression (R2 ═ adjusted R squared) and one-way analysis of variance (mean with different superscript letters in the same row) were applied; significant difference (P < 0.05);
6.3 Effect of Schizotocystus Linnaeus residue on the fatty acid composition and health index of grass carp muscle
6.3.1 Effect of Schizotocystus Linnaeus residue on the fatty acid composition of grass carp muscle
As shown in table 4, the saturated fatty acid (Σ SFA) content in the muscle is in a downward trend, and Σ SFA content in the muscle of fish fed with the feeds of DS6, DS9 and DS12 is significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Total monounsaturated fatty acids in muscle (Σ MUFA) decreased with increasing DS levels in the ration (P < 0.05). The DHA content in the muscle follows the following sequence: DS9> DS12> DS6> DS3> DS0(P < 0.05). Sigma n-3PUFA, sigma n-3LC PUFA, n-3/n-6PUFA content in muscle in the following order: DS0< DS3< DS6< DS9< DS12(P < 0.05).
TABLE 4 Effect of Schizotochorus residue on fatty acid composition of grass carp muscle (%) (n ═ 3)
SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; DS, faded Schizochytrium sp.
Using linear regression (R)2Adjusted R-square) and one-way analysis of variance (average with different superscript letters in the same row); significant difference (P)<0.05)。
6.3.2 analysis of the Main Components of the fatty acids in the muscles and feed of grass carp
The correlation exists between the content of some specific fatty acids in daily ration and the content of the specific fatty acids in fish meat, which can be obtained in PCA (partial pressure analysis) figure 1, the muscle in the second quadrant of figure (B) corresponds to DHA in figure (A), and compared with liver, the fatty acid species of the muscle is more easily influenced by the composition of the daily ration, and the correlation size between each tissue and the daily ration can be obtained through the distance size. The result shows that the schizochytrium residue can obviously influence and improve the DHA accumulation amount in the fish meat of the grass carp, and the n-3HUFA in the fish body can be supplemented by adding the schizochytrium residue into the grass carp feed.
6.3.3. Influence of schizochytrium residue on health index of fatty acid in muscle of grass carp
As table 5, there was no significant difference in AI in muscle in fish fed different experimental groups (P > 0.05). Regression analysis shows that the muscle TI is negatively correlated with the algae residues at different levels, and the regression coefficient is 0.727. The muscle TI of the fish fed DS3, DS6, DS9 and DS12 groups was significantly lower than the control group, while H/H and FLQ showed the opposite trend with regression coefficients of 0.693 and 0.733, respectively (P < 0.05).
TABLE 5 Effect of Schizotoclemma residue on fatty acid health index in grass carp muscle
6.4 Effect of Schizotochorus residue on grass carp tissue Structure
6.4.1 Effect of Schizochytrium residues on liver cell tissue architecture
As shown in FIG. 2, the liver cells of all groups are clearly defined, the cell nuclei are centered, the cells are closely arranged, and the damage phenomenon is avoided. With a decrease in cell area, the number of hepatocytes per unit area was significantly higher in fish fed DS3, DS6, DS9 and DS12 diets than in the control group (P < 0.05).
6.4.2 Effect of Schizotoclemma residue on the size of adipocytes in the peritoneal cavity
As shown in FIG. 3, the comparison of the average area per cell per unit area revealed that the cell area of all the treated groups was significantly smaller than that of the control group (P <0.05) with the addition of algal residue.
6.5 Effect of Schizotochorum residue on antioxidant index in grass carp tissue
6.5.1 Effect of Schizotochorum residue on grass carp antioxidant index
As shown in table 6, with the addition of the algae residue, the MDA content and SOD activity in the liver of the grass carp are not significantly different among the groups (P > 0.05); in serum, the MDA content in the serum of the grass carp fed with the 3% algae residue added group feed is obviously lower than that in a control group (P < 0.05). It is shown that DS3 group grass carp has improved antioxidant ability, reduced in vivo oxygen free radical attack, and reduced lipid peroxide generation
By combining the analysis of the results, the functional feed prepared by adding 3-9% of schizochytrium limacinum residues can obviously reduce the fat accumulation of grass bodies, reduce the ratio of inedible viscera such as abdominal fat and liver, improve the ingestion rate of grass carps, increase the deposition of DHA in grass carp muscles and improve the health condition of the grass carps.
Schizochytrium residue is shown in fig. 4: the crushed schizochytrium residue is black brown, has sticky powder and is easy to agglomerate when meeting water or being exposed in the air for a long time.
Claims (8)
1. A functional feed for improving grass carp quality by utilizing schizochytrium limacinum residues is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of fish meal, 290 parts of soybean meal, 230 parts of cottonseed meal, 100.9-135.3 parts of rice bran, 137.2-220 parts of flour, 30-120 parts of schizochytrium limacinum residues, 3.5-6.7 parts of lard oil, 15 parts of linseed oil, 3 parts of soybean oil and Ca (H)2PO4)220 parts of bentonite, 10 parts of premix and 10 parts of premix.
2. The functional feed for improving the quality of grass carps by using schizochytrium limacinum residues as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the content of the schizochytrium residue is 3-12 wt% of the total amount of the functional feed.
3. The functional feed for improving the quality of grass carps by using schizochytrium limacinum residues as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sum of the weight parts of the components of the functional feed is 1000 parts.
4. The functional feed for improving the quality of the grass carp by using the schizochytrium limacinum residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the premix comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.16 part of aluminum potassium sulfate, 18.10 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.07 part of cobalt chloride, 5.216 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.007 part of manganese sulfate, 16.550 parts of potassium chloride, 0.017 part of potassium iodide, 0.190 part of zinc carbonate, 0.008 part of sodium selenate, 0.070 part of copper sulfate, 1.343 parts of ferric citrate, 5 parts of thiamine, 5 parts of riboflavin, 0.75 part of vitamin A, 45 parts of vitamin E, 0.06 part of vitamin D3, 4.2 parts of menadione, 3.8 parts of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 0.01 part of cyanocobalamine, 0.6 part of biotin, 10 parts of calcium pantothenate, 1.5 parts of folic acid, 20 parts of nicotinic acid, 200 parts of inositol and 662.349 parts of limestone carrier.
5. A preparation method of a functional feed for improving the quality of grass carps by using schizochytrium limacinum residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing small materials: accurately weighing the fully crushed Ca (H)2PO4)2The bentonite and the premix are fully and uniformly mixed after being inflated by air to obtain small materials;
s2: oil rubbing: adding soybean meal into the mixed small materials, fully and uniformly mixing the small materials with the small materials after air blowing and expansion, adding melted lard oil for uniformly kneading, and sequentially adding linseed oil and soybean oil for fully and uniformly kneading to obtain oil-kneaded small materials;
s3: preparing a large material: sequentially adding fish meal, cottonseed meal, rice bran, flour and schizochytrium limacinum residue into the small oil-rolling material, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a big material;
s4: adding water: adding water into the large material for granulation, and adding a small amount of water for multiple times until uniformly mixing;
s5: and (3) granulating: cleaning the granulator, adjusting a gap between the pressing wheel and the ring die, and feeding materials in multiple times to uniformly discharge materials;
s6: air drying of the feed: and (5) uniformly spreading and airing the feed granulated in the step (S5), turning and airing at intervals until the feed particles are dry, and standing at-20 ℃ for long-term storage.
6. The preparation method of the functional feed for improving the quality of the grass carps by using the schizochytrium limacinum residues as the raw materials according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the lard in the step S2 is 30-50 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the functional feed for improving the quality of the grass carps by using the schizochytrium limacinum residues as the raw materials according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the adding amount of the water in the step S4 is 10-12 wt% of the mass of the main material.
8. The preparation method of the functional feed for improving the quality of the grass carps by using the schizochytrium limacinum residues as the raw materials according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the gap between the pinch roller and the ring die in the step S5 is 0.03-0.05mm, and the feeding amount is 150g per time.
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| CN115843941A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-03-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | High-sugar feed for improving sugar utilization and protein deposition rate of carnivorous fishes |
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| CN104872420A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-02 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Premixed feed for epinephelussp |
| CN107874028A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-06 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of circulating water cultivation fresh-water fishes sprout feed and preparation method thereof and application method |
| CN111938044A (en) * | 2020-08-29 | 2020-11-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | Nano-selenium feed for reducing excessive fat accumulation in abdominal cavity of grass carp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104872420A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-09-02 | 福建省淡水水产研究所 | Premixed feed for epinephelussp |
| CN107874028A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-06 | 通威股份有限公司 | A kind of circulating water cultivation fresh-water fishes sprout feed and preparation method thereof and application method |
| CN111938044A (en) * | 2020-08-29 | 2020-11-17 | 西北农林科技大学 | Nano-selenium feed for reducing excessive fat accumulation in abdominal cavity of grass carp |
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| CN115843941A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-03-28 | 西北农林科技大学 | High-sugar feed for improving sugar utilization and protein deposition rate of carnivorous fishes |
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