CN112167466A - Orange-flavored Australia freshwater lobster breeding feed and processing technology thereof - Google Patents
Orange-flavored Australia freshwater lobster breeding feed and processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112167466A CN112167466A CN202010857820.8A CN202010857820A CN112167466A CN 112167466 A CN112167466 A CN 112167466A CN 202010857820 A CN202010857820 A CN 202010857820A CN 112167466 A CN112167466 A CN 112167466A
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- feed
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- soybean meal
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orange-flavored Australia freshwater lobster breeding feed and a processing technology thereof, belonging to the technical field of shrimp breeding feed, and the processing technology comprises the following steps: mixing, extruding, molding, drying, flattening, uniformly wetting, expanding, coating, drying, cooling and packaging the orange raw material and the feed mixture to form the orange flavor Australia crayfish breeding feed; wherein the citrus raw material is selected from citrus, orange or defective citrus, pericarp or residue; the feed mixture contains fermented soybean meal, fish meal, wheat flour, soybean phospholipids and fish oil; the coating material comprises mineral mixture and vitamin mixture. The processing technology provided by the invention expands the sources of the Australia crayfish breeding feed, can reduce the cost and protect the ecological environment, the prepared breeding feed has a good feeding attraction effect, the quality and the taste of the Australia crayfish can be improved, and a brand-new orange fen-flavor Australia crayfish product is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shrimp culture feeds, and particularly relates to an orange-flavored Australia freshwater lobster culture feed and a processing technology thereof.
Background
The Cherax quadricarinatus of Australia freshwater lobster is named as four-ridge smooth-shell Nanocao shrimp, has fresh, tender and crisp meat, delicious, fragrant and sweet taste, unique flavor and more abundant nutrition, and is one of the most famous and precious freshwater economic shrimps in the world at present. The body weight of the Australia freshwater lobster is 200g for 100 plus, and the maximum body weight reaches 500 g. The shrimp is fed with animal feed, artificial mixed feed and humus. The shrimp has strong adaptability, can endure severe weather environment, can normally live at the water temperature of 5-35 deg.C, and has strong vitality resistance. The shrimp has advantages of rapid growth, high yield, and easy growth.
At present, China has started to import a large amount of fresh shrimps, and individual places have started to try to breed, and the shrimps are released for breeding in 4-5 months and harvested in 10-11 months every year, so that the yield of the fresh shrimps per mu can reach more than 200 kg. In order to further break through the Australian crayfish breeding industry technology, research and customs must be conducted on multiple levels such as germplasm introduction, fry breeding, feed and feeding, breeding technology, breeding equipment and the like on the basis of the existing test breeding, scientific, advanced and efficient technical means are adopted, a systematic and efficient artificial Australian crayfish breeding mode is gradually constructed, and necessary scientific basis and practical experience are provided for the development of subsequent breeding work. In aquaculture, the feed accounts for about 50-70% of the total aquaculture cost. The nutrition and the quality of the feed not only affect the reproduction and the growth performance of the cultured objects, but also affect the immunity, the disease resistance and the safe environment of the cultured objects, are important factors affecting the product quality (nutrition, appearance and flavor) of the cultured objects, and are only inferior to the influence of germplasm on the product quality. Therefore, research and development of feeds from the aspects of healthy growth, high-quality and safe product production and ecological environment protection of the Australia crayfish are very important for implementing healthy, efficient and environment-friendly production of the Australia crayfish and providing safe and high-quality products.
For years, the citrus planting industry in China develops quickly, not only are strains and varieties eliminated, but also a batch of defective products (including defective products and immature products) and processed leftovers are inevitable after picking, and the defective products and the immature products are good feed sources for aquaculture. According to the analytical test, the citrus contains carotenes: 890. mu.g/100 g, vitamin A: 148 μ g/100g, vitamin B1: 0.08mg/100g, vitamin B2: 0.04mg/100g, vitamin C: 28mg/100g, nicotinic acid: 0.4mg/100g, dietary fiber: 0.4g/100 g; orange contains carotinol: 160 μ g/100g, vitamin a: 27 μ g/100g, vitamin Bl: 0.05mg/100g, vitamin B2: 0.04mg/100g, vitamin C: 33mg/100g, nicotinic acid: 0.3mg/100g, dietary fiber: 0.6g/100 g; the orange contains carotinol: 600 μ g/l00g, vitamin a: 100 μ g/100g, vitamin Bl: 0.05mg/100g, vitamin B2: 0.02mg/100g, vitamin C: 11mg/100g, nicotinic acid: 0.3mg/100g, dietary fiber: 0.4g/100 g.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing technology of the orange flavor Australia crayfish breeding feed, which expands the sources of the Australia crayfish breeding feed, can reduce the cost and protect the ecological environment, the prepared breeding feed has a good food calling effect, the quality and the taste of the Australia crayfish can be improved, and a brand-new orange delicate fragrance type Australia crayfish product is obtained.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a processing technology of a feed for culturing Australian freshwater lobsters with citrus flavor comprises the steps of mixing a raw material of orange and the feed mixture, extruding, forming, drying, flattening, uniformly wetting, expanding, coating, drying, cooling and packaging to form the feed for culturing the Australian freshwater lobsters with the citrus flavor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the orange and tangerine raw material is selected from tangerine, orange or defective tangerine, pericarp or residue;
the feed mixture contains fermented soybean meal, fish meal, wheat flour, soybean phospholipids and fish oil;
the coating material comprises mineral mixture and vitamin mixture.
The breeding feed obtained by the processing technology is used for breeding Australia freshwater lobsters, and a brand-new orange-flavored Australia freshwater lobster product is developed, so that people can smell a bouquet of orange fragrance, taste and overflow and have no any peculiar fishy smell in the eating process, and the feed has the advantages of full utilization of the existing resources, good food calling effect, capability of reducing cost, protecting ecological environment and the like.
Preferably, the citrus fruit material is selected from the group consisting of defective citrus fruit, pericarp and residue left from processing fruit juice.
Preferably, the citrus raw material must be sorted, cleaned of impurities and musty and rotten products, and kept fresh. Citrus fruits are an important source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and phytochemicals. Vitamins are low molecular compounds essential for maintaining normal physiological functions of the Australian crayfish and are trace elements essential for maintaining the Australian freshwater life. Vitamins participate in the metabolic process, are indispensable micronutrients for growth, development, reproduction and disease resistance, and lack of the micronutrients can cause growth retardation, weakened disease resistance and even death. Each vitamin plays a special nutritional physiological role which cannot be replaced by other substances. Researches show that the addition of defective citrus fruits, pericarp and residues generated during juice processing in the feed can not only improve the taste and flavor of the Australia crayfish, but also increase the appetite of the Australia crayfish, promote the growth and development of the Australia crayfish, maintain the health of the organism, increase the immunity of the organism and reduce the risk of diseases.
Preferably, the storage temperature of the orange and tangerine raw materials is 10-15 ℃, and the storage humidity is 85-95%. The storage of the orange raw material is kept at a certain temperature and humidity, the temperature is not too high or too low, and the temperature is generally 10-15 ℃; the humidity is too high, the microorganism propagation is accelerated, and the fungi are easily infected by the mould to cause disease and rot, generally 85-95%.
In order to improve the preservative and fresh-keeping effects, the orange raw materials are preferably treated by a preservative and fresh-keeping agent, and the preservative and fresh-keeping agent comprises 50-150 parts by weight of sodium hypochlorite, 0.25-0.75 part by weight of sodium hexametaphosphate and 1000 parts by weight of water. Wherein, the sodium hypochlorite is a strong oxidant and has excellent sterilization and disinfection functions; the sodium hexametaphosphate has stronger moisture absorption performance and is mainly used as a food additive and a water quality treating agent; therefore, the preservative antistaling agent can effectively sterilize and preserve and prolong the fresh-keeping period of the raw materials; the preservative is used for treating the orange raw materials, so that the preservative effect can be improved. More preferably, the preparation and use method of the preservative antistaling agent comprises the following steps: sequentially dissolving sodium hypochlorite and sodium hexametaphosphate in water to obtain the preservative, and spraying the preservative on the orange raw material.
Preferably, the preparation steps of the fermented soybean meal are as follows: grinding the soybean meal to 80-120 meshes, adding water until the water content is 45-53%, uniformly mixing, then sterilizing at high pressure for 20-30min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus with the inoculation amount of 3-5%, fermenting at 35-40 ℃ for 1-2 days, freeze drying, crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh and 300-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented soybean meal. In the microbial fermentation process, the contents of crude fat, crude protein, amino acid and phosphorus in the bean pulp can be improved, and macromolecular protein is decomposed into micromolecular protein and active peptide, so that the protein digestion utilization rate and the body immunity of the Australia crayfish are improved, meanwhile, most anti-nutritional factors in the bean pulp are eliminated, the antibacterial capacity of bioactive factors in the bean pulp is improved, and the palatability of the bean pulp is improved. Some enzymes, such as amylase, protease and lipase, are produced in the intestinal tract of the host to enhance the digestibility of host organic substances and proteins, and some essential growth factors, vitamins or amino acids can be provided to influence the energy metabolism and energy balance of the body. Therefore, the fermented soybean meal can improve the feeding rate, the utilization rate and the body immunity of the Australia crayfish.
In order to further improve the fermentation effect of the soybean meal, the citrus aurantium peel and pyridoxine are preferably added in the preparation step of the fermented soybean meal. The addition of the orange peel and pyridoxine can improve the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented soybean meal and the content of acid soluble protein, amino acid nitrogen, lactic acid and acetic acid in the fermented soybean meal, so that the fermented soybean meal has light mellow flavor, meanwhile, the obtained fermented soybean meal contains high total flavonoids, and the Australian crayfish is cultured by using the culture feed containing the fermented soybean meal, so that the ingestion rate, the feed utilization rate and the body immunity of the Australian crayfish can be improved, the meat yield of the Australian crayfish and the content of crude protein in muscles can be improved, the quality and the delicious degree of protein in the muscles are improved, the essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid in the muscles are higher than 0.8, and the proportion of the total umami amino acid in the total amino acid is higher than 55%.
Further preferably, the preparation steps of the fermented soybean meal are as follows: grinding the bean pulp and orange peel to 80-120 meshes, adding water until the water content is 45-53%, uniformly mixing, sterilizing under high pressure for 20-30min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus in an amount of 3-5%, adding pyridoxine, fermenting at 35-40 deg.C for 1-2 days, freeze drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 200-300 meshes to obtain fermented bean pulp. The weight ratio of the soybean meal to the orange peel is 100: 5-25; the weight ratio of the lactobacillus rhamnosus to the pyridoxine is 1: 0.2-0.6.
Preferably, the mineral mixture comprises, in parts by weight, MgSO4·7H2O155 and 209 portions; CuSO4·5H20.83 to 1.13 portions of O; FeSO4·7H2O 10.16-13.74 parts; ZnSO4·7H25.79 to 9.39 portions of O; MnSO4·H2O3.74-5.06 parts; CoCl2·6H20.17-0.23 part of O; na (Na)2SeO30.043-0.058 parts; ca (IO)3)2·6H20.20-0.28 part of O; and (4) 910 parts of microcrystalline cellulose 673.
Preferably, the vitamin mixture comprises, in mg/kg feed, VA13600 acetic ester and 18400 IU; VD32125 together with 2875 IU; a-tocopherol 102-138; sodium potassium bisulfite naphthoquinone (MSB) 4.34-5.87; thiamine hydrochloride 20.83-28.18; 30.6-41.4 of riboflavin; pyridoxine 16.83-22.77; cyanocobalamin 0.09-0.12; d-calcium pantothenate 49.98-67.62; 168.3 to 227.7 portions of nicotinic acid; 16.66-22.54 percent of folic acid; 1.02-1.38 of biotin; inositol 666.4-901.6; vCPhosphatase 595-805.
Preferably, the feed mixture also contains a compound phagostimulant, wherein the compound phagostimulant comprises, by weight, 34-46% of betaine; 17-23% of dimethyl-propionic acid thetin; 17-23% of glycine; 8.5 to 10.15 percent of alanine; 8.5 to 10.15 percent of 5-inosine phosphate.
In the moisture homogenizing process, the addition amount of water is 10-20% of the total weight of the orange raw material and the feed mixture, most of the water is evaporated in the puffing process, and finally the water remained in the culture feed accounts for 1-5% of the feed weight.
Preferably, the coating material also comprises an anti-stress agent, wherein the anti-stress agent comprises nacre powder, and the addition amount of the anti-stress agent is 0.75-1.57% of the weight of the feed. The Concha Margaritifera powder is shell powder of Hyriopsis cumingii, Cristaria plicata, or Pteri martensii. The nacre powder mainly contains phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy fatty acid, galactosylceramide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide and other components, as well as zinc, iron, magnesium, aluminum, copper and other trace elements, amino acids and other components, has the functions of tranquilizing, arresting convulsion and other effects, and can obviously enhance the normal-pressure hypoxia tolerance and the antioxidant stress resistance of Australian crayfish.
Preferably, the processing technology of the orange flavored Australia crayfish breeding feed comprises the following specific steps:
1) placing the orange and tangerine raw materials, the feed mixture and water in a mixer, and stirring at a high speed of 1000r/min and 500-;
2) extruding the mixture by an extruding device to form a cake shape, forming the cake shape into a feed which is in a cylindrical long strip shape and has a length of 1-4cm by a forming die, drying and rolling the feed into a flat shape;
3) adding water into the flattened mixture for uniform wetting, wherein the addition amount of the water is 10-20% of the total weight of the mixture;
4) the uniformly wetted mixture enters an extrusion and expansion granulator, and the expansion temperature is 100-;
5) cutting the puffed feed to obtain granules, cooling to 50-60 ℃, feeding into a sprayer, spraying coating materials on the granules, drying at 90-100 ℃, cooling to normal temperature, and packaging to obtain the orange flavor Australia freshwater lobster breeding feed.
The invention also discloses the orange-flavored Australia freshwater lobster breeding feed prepared by the processing technology.
Preferably, the breeding feed also comprises microcrystalline cellulose, alanine, glycine, a mildew preventive, an antioxidant and an amino acid mixture.
More preferably, the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.
More preferably, the amino acid mixture comprises a mixture of arginine, lysine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, cysteine or glutamic acid.
More preferably, the raw materials for the aquaculture feed comprise, by weight, 60-100 parts of orange raw materials, 20-28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 18-26 parts of fish meal, 16-24 parts of wheat flour, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 5-9 parts of fish oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of mineral mixtures, 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamin mixtures, 5.0-7.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2.0-4.0 parts of alanine, 2.0-4.0 parts of glycine, 0.4-0.6 part of compound phagostimulant, 0.05-0.15 part of mildew preventive, 0.025-0.075 part of antioxidant, 5.0-8.0 parts of amino acid mixtures and a proper amount of water. Further preferably, the breeding feed also comprises 0.75-1.57% of nacre powder by weight of raw materials for feed.
The invention also discloses application of the aquaculture feed in aquaculture of the Australia freshwater lobsters with the citrus flavor. The breeding feed is used for breeding Australia crayfish, a brand-new orange delicate fragrance type Australia crayfish product can be provided, and the bred Australia crayfish can smell a burst of orange delicate fragrance and is delicious and spilled no matter the Australia crayfish is eaten raw or cooked, especially roasted, and the taste of the orange is stronger and no peculiar smell is felt. Therefore, the aquaculture feed disclosed by the invention is used for aquaculture of Australia crayfishes, can broaden marketing channels and promote healthy development of Australia crayfish aquaculture.
The invention adopts orange raw materials, thereby having the following beneficial effects: the processing technology effectively utilizes defective products and peels of the oranges and tangerines and residues left in the process of processing juice, changes waste into valuable, fully utilizes the existing resources, expands the source of the feed for culturing the Australian crayfish, and can reduce the cost and protect the ecological environment; the breeding feed prepared by the processing technology has a good food calling effect, can improve the quality and the taste of the Australia crayfish, obtains a brand-new orange fresh scent Australia crayfish product, widens the marketing channel, and promotes the healthy development of the Australia crayfish breeding. Therefore, the processing technology of the orange flavor Australia crayfish breeding feed expands the sources of the Australia crayfish breeding feed, can reduce the cost and protect the ecological environment, the prepared breeding feed has a good food calling effect, the quality and the taste of the Australia crayfish can be improved, and a brand-new orange delicate fragrance type Australia crayfish product is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the processing technique of the aquaculture feed of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the processing of the feed for farming according to example 3;
FIG. 3 shows the fermentation effect of soybean meal;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the coefficient of friction of a sample of the seal;
FIG. 5 shows the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid in fermented soybean meal;
FIG. 6 shows the activities of lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase in Australian crayfish.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
1. the orange and tangerine raw materials: selecting defective products of oranges and tangerines, peels and residues left in juice processing, sorting, cleaning, removing impurities and rotten products, and keeping freshness; the orange raw material is treated by an antiseptic preservative, and the antiseptic preservative comprises, by weight, 115 parts of sodium hypochlorite, 0.48 part of sodium hexametaphosphate and 1000 parts of water; the storage temperature of the orange and tangerine raw materials is 10-15 ℃, and the storage humidity is 85-95%.
2. Fermenting the soybean meal: grinding soybean meal to 100 meshes, adding water until the water content is 48%, uniformly mixing, autoclaving for 25min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus with an inoculum size of 4%, fermenting at 38 deg.C for 1.5 days, freeze drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 250 mesh sieve to obtain fermented soybean meal.
3. The mineral mixture comprises, in parts by weight, MgSO4·7H2180 parts of O; CuSO4·5H21.05 parts of O; FeSO4·7H2O11.95 parts; ZnSO4·7H27.64 parts of O; MnSO4·H24.56 parts of O; CoCl2·6H20.2 part of O; na (Na)2SeO30.051 portion; ca (IO)3)2·6H20.24 part of O; and 810 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.
4. The vitamin mixture comprises, in mg/kg of feed, VA16500IU of acetate; VD32530 IU; a-tocopherol 122; sodium potassium bisulfite naphthoquinone (MSB) 5.04; thiamine hydrochloride 24.22; riboflavin 35.80; 19.50 of pyridoxine; cyanocobalamin 0.11; 56.44 parts of D-calcium pantothenate; nicotinic acid 195.33; 19.88 parts of folic acid; 1.18 parts of biotin; 780.5 of inositol; vCA phosphatase 682.
5. The composite phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40% of betaine; 21% of dimethyl-propionic acid thetin; 19% of glycine; 10.0% of alanine; 5-inosine phosphate 10.0%.
6. The amino acid mixture comprises, by weight, 3-7 parts of arginine, 5-9 parts of lysine and 1-3 parts of tyrosine. In this example, the amino acid mixture includes, by weight, 4 parts of arginine, 7 parts of lysine, and 2 parts of tyrosine.
7. The feed comprises, by weight, 60 parts of orange raw materials, 22 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of wheat flour, 2.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 6 parts of fish oil, 2.0 parts of a mineral mixture, 2.0 parts of a vitamin mixture, 6.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 3.0 parts of alanine, 3.0 parts of glycine, 0.5 part of a compound feeding promoting agent, 0.1 part of a mildew preventive, 0.05 part of an antioxidant (ethoxyquin) and 6.0 parts of an amino acid mixture.
8. A processing technology of a citrus-flavored Australia crayfish breeding feed is shown in a figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) placing the orange and tangerine raw materials, the feed mixture and water in a mixer, and stirring at a high speed for 45min under the condition that the rotating speed is 800r/min to obtain a mixture;
2) extruding the mixture by an extruding device to form a cake shape, forming the cake shape into a feed which is in a cylindrical long strip shape and has a length of 1-4cm by a forming die, drying and rolling the feed into a flat shape;
3) adding water into the flattened mixture for uniform wetting, wherein the addition amount of the water is 15% of the total weight of the mixture;
4) the mixture after being homogenized is put into an extrusion and expansion granulator, and the expansion temperature is 115 ℃ for expansion treatment;
5) and (3) processing the puffed feed by a cutter to obtain granules, cooling to 60 ℃, conveying to a sprayer, spraying coating materials on the granules, drying at 95 ℃, cooling to normal temperature, and packaging to form the Australia crayfish breeding feed with the citrus flavor, wherein the water remained in the breeding feed accounts for 2.37 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 2:
1. the orange and tangerine raw materials: the same as in example 1.
2. Fermenting the soybean meal: grinding soybean meal to 120 meshes, adding water until the water content is 53%, uniformly mixing, autoclaving for 30min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus with an inoculum size of 5%, fermenting at 40 deg.C for 2 days, freeze drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 300 meshes to obtain fermented soybean meal.
3. The mineral mixture comprises, in parts by weight, MgSO4·7H2O209 parts; CuSO4·5H21.13 parts of O; FeSO4·7H212.84 parts of O; ZnSO4·7H29.39 parts of O; MnSO4·H2O5.06 parts; CoCl2·6H20.23 part of O; na (Na)2SeO30.058 part; ca (IO)3)2·6H20.28 part of O; 910 portions of microcrystalline cellulose.
4. The vitamin mixture comprises, in mg/kg of feed, VA18400IU of acetate; VD32875 IU; a-tocopherol 138; sodium potassium bisulfite naphthoquinone (MSB) 5.87; thiamine hydrochloride 28.18; riboflavin 41.4; pyridoxine 22.77; cyanocobalamin 0.12; 67.62 parts of calcium D-pantothenate; 227.7 parts of nicotinic acid; 22.54 parts of folic acid; biotin 1.38; inositol 901.6; vCA phosphatase 805.
5. The composite phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight: the same as in example 1.
6. The amino acid mixture included, as in example 1.
7. The raw materials of the feed comprise, by weight, 80 parts of orange, 28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 26 parts of fish meal, 24 parts of wheat flour, 2.5 parts of soybean phospholipid, 8 parts of fish oil, 2.5 parts of a mineral mixture, 2.5 parts of a vitamin mixture, 7.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 4.0 parts of alanine, 4.0 parts of glycine, 0.6 part of a compound phagostimulant, 0.15 part of a mildew inhibitor, 0.075 part of an antioxidant (ethoxyquin) and 8.0 parts of an amino acid mixture.
8. A processing technology of the feed for culturing the Australia crayfish with the citrus flavor is the same as that in the example 1, and the water finally remained in the cultured feed accounts for 2.51 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 3:
1. the orange and tangerine raw materials: the same as in example 1.
2. Fermenting the soybean meal: the same as in example 1.
3. The mineral mixture included, as in example 1.
4. The vitamin mixture included, as in example 1.
5. The composite phagostimulant comprises the following components in parts by weight: the same as in example 1.
6. The amino acid mixture included, as in example 1.
7. A feed for culturing Australia crayfish with citrus taste is prepared by the same raw materials as in example 1.
8. A processing technology of a citrus-flavored Australia crayfish breeding feed is shown in figure 2 and is different from the processing technology of the feed in example 1 in that:
the coating material also comprises an anti-stress agent, wherein the anti-stress agent comprises nacre powder, the addition amount of the nacre powder is 1.2% of the weight of the feed, and the water finally remained in the culture feed accounts for 2.46% of the weight of the feed.
Example 4:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that:
fermenting the soybean meal: grinding soybean meal and orange peel to 100 meshes, adding water until the water content is 48%, uniformly mixing, autoclaving for 30min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus in an amount of 3.8%, adding pyridoxine, fermenting at 37 deg.C for 1.5 days, freeze drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 250 meshes sieve to obtain fermented soybean meal. The weight ratio of the soybean meal to the orange peel is 100: 12; the weight ratio of the lactobacillus rhamnosus to the pyridoxine is 1: 0.38.
The water finally remained in the breeding feed accounts for 2.53 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 5:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that:
fermenting the soybean meal: grinding soybean meal and orange peel to 100 meshes, adding water until the water content is 48%, uniformly mixing, autoclaving for 30min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus with the inoculation amount of 3.8%, fermenting at 37 ℃ for 1.5 days, freeze drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 250 mesh sieve to obtain fermented soybean meal. The weight ratio of the soybean meal to the orange peel is 100: 12.
The water finally remained in the breeding feed accounts for 2.48 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 6:
the present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that:
fermenting the soybean meal: grinding soybean meal to 100 meshes, adding water until the water content is 48%, uniformly mixing, then carrying out autoclaving for 30min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus with the inoculation amount of 3.8%, simultaneously adding pyridoxine, fermenting at 37 ℃ for 1.5 days, carrying out freeze drying, crushing, and sieving with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented soybean meal. The weight ratio of the lactobacillus rhamnosus to the pyridoxine is 1: 0.38.
The water finally remained in the breeding feed accounts for 2.52 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 7:
according to the better technical scheme, the feed mixture is also added with the arachidic acid and the luteolin, and the addition of the arachidic acid and the luteolin can improve the activities of lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase, so that the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the Australian crayfish are further improved; the addition of the arachidic acid and the luteolin can also effectively improve the crude fat content in the muscle of the Australian crayfish, particularly effectively improve the total content of unsaturated fatty acids EPA, DHA and DPA, thereby improving the quality of the Australian crayfish. Preferably, the raw materials for the aquaculture feed comprise, by weight, 60-100 parts of orange raw materials, 20-28 parts of fermented soybean meal, 18-26 parts of fish meal, 16-24 parts of wheat flour, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 5-9 parts of fish oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of mineral mixtures, 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamin mixtures, 5.0-7.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2.0-4.0 parts of alanine, 2.0-4.0 parts of glycine, 0.4-0.6 part of compound phagostimulant, 0.05-0.15 part of mildew preventive, 0.025-0.075 part of antioxidant, 5.0-8.0 part of amino acid mixture, 0.03-0.06 part of arachidic acid and 0.01-0.03 part of luteolin.
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that:
the orange flavor feed for culturing Australia freshwater lobster comprises, by weight, 60 parts of orange raw materials, 22 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of wheat flour, 2.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 6 parts of fish oil, 2.0 parts of a mineral mixture, 2.0 parts of a vitamin mixture, 6.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 3.0 parts of alanine, 3.0 parts of glycine, 0.5 part of a compound phagostimulant, 0.1 part of a mildew inhibitor, 0.05 part of an antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline), 6.0 parts of an amino acid mixture, 0.04 part of arachidic acid and 0.02 part of luteolin.
The water finally left in the aquaculture feed accounts for 2.57 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 8:
this embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
the orange flavor feed for culturing Australia freshwater lobster comprises, by weight, 60 parts of orange raw materials, 22 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of wheat flour, 2.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 6 parts of fish oil, 2.0 parts of a mineral mixture, 2.0 parts of a vitamin mixture, 6.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 3.0 parts of alanine, 3.0 parts of glycine, 0.5 part of a compound phagostimulant, 0.1 part of a mildew inhibitor, 0.05 part of an antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline), 6.0 parts of an amino acid mixture, 0.04 part of arachidic acid and 0.02 part of luteolin.
The water finally remained in the breeding feed accounts for 2.59 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 9:
this embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
the feed comprises, by weight, 60 parts of orange raw materials, 22 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of wheat flour, 2.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 6 parts of fish oil, 2.0 parts of a mineral mixture, 2.0 parts of a vitamin mixture, 6.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 3.0 parts of alanine, 3.0 parts of glycine, 0.5 part of a compound feeding promoting agent, 0.1 part of a mildew preventive, 0.05 part of an antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline), 6.0 parts of an amino acid mixture and 0.04 part of arachidic acid.
The water finally remained in the breeding feed accounts for 2.54 percent of the weight of the feed.
Example 10:
this embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
the orange flavor feed for culturing Australia freshwater lobster comprises, by weight, 60 parts of orange raw materials, 22 parts of fermented soybean meal, 20 parts of fish meal, 18 parts of wheat flour, 2.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 6 parts of fish oil, 2.0 parts of a mineral mixture, 2.0 parts of a vitamin mixture, 6.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 3.0 parts of alanine, 3.0 parts of glycine, 0.5 part of a compound phagostimulant, 0.1 part of a mildew inhibitor, 0.05 part of an antioxidant (ethoxyquinoline), 6.0 parts of an amino acid mixture and 0.02 part of luteolin.
The water finally remained in the breeding feed accounts for 2.55 percent of the weight of the feed.
Test example 1:
1. test of acid-soluble protein content in fermented soybean meal
Weighing 1.5g of a fermented soybean meal sample (accurate to 0.0001g) into a centrifuge tube, adding 15mL of 15% trichloroacetic acid solution, mixing uniformly, adding 5mL of 15% trichloroacetic acid solution, standing and settling for 5min (centrifugal balancing is carried out before standing), transferring into the centrifuge tube, centrifuging at 4000r/min for 10min, taking supernatant, and transferring into a 50mL colorimetric tube for constant volume. 10mL of the solution was digested and the content of acid-soluble protein was determined by Kjeldahl method.
2. Testing content of amino acid nitrogen in fermented soybean meal
Accurately weighing about 5g of fermented soybean meal sample, adding 45mL of water to dissolve the fermented soybean meal sample, stirring the mixture on a magnetic stirrer for 20min, filtering the mixture, taking 5mL of filtrate, putting the filtrate into a 250mL beaker, adding 150mL of distilled water and 10mL of formaldehyde, and titrating the filtrate to pH 9.2 by using 0.05mol/L of sodium hydroxide solution under the stirring of the magnetic stirrer. The content of amino acid nitrogen is calculated by methods such as Wei-acrylic acid.
3. Determination of pH of fermented soybean meal
Accurately weighing about 5g of fermented soybean meal sample, adding 45mL of water to dissolve the fermented soybean meal sample, stirring the mixture on a magnetic stirrer for 20min, and directly measuring the pH value of the solution by using an acidimeter after filtering.
4. Testing of organic acid content in fermented soybean meal
Adding 1g fermented soybean meal into 9mL sterile normal saline, vortex oscillating for 10min, centrifuging at 4500r/min for 10min, filtering supernatant with 0.22 μm water system filter membrane to obtain filtrate, and using the filtrate in high performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographic conditions are as follows: the sample amount is 20 mu L, the mobile phase is 5mM/L sulfuric acid solution, the flow rate is 0.6M/min, the chromatographic column is 87H organic acid chromatographic column, the column temperature is 35 ℃, the ultraviolet detection wavelength is 210nm, and the differential detection temperature is 35 ℃. And an ultraviolet detector is selected to detect the content of the lactic acid and the acetic acid.
5. Testing of total flavone content in fermented soybean meal liquid
Accurately weighing dried constant weight rutin standard 5mg (purity is more than or equal to 95%), dissolving with 60% ethanol, diluting to 25mL to obtain 0.2mg/mL rutin standard solution, accurately weighing reference substance stock solutions of 0mL, 1mL, 2mL, 3mL, 4mL, 5mL and 6mL, respectively placing in 25mL volumetric flasks, respectively adding 60% ethanol to 10mL, and adding 5% NaNO into each volumetric flask2Shaking 1mL solution, standing for 6min, adding 10% Al (NO)3)3The solution is 1mL and is placed for 6min, then 10mL of 4% NaOH solution is added, the solution is placed for 15min, and the volume of distilled water is adjusted to 25 mL. The absorbance (A) was measured at a wavelength of 510 nm. Drawing a standard curve by taking the absorbance (A) as an abscissa and taking the rutin mass concentration C (mg/mL) as an ordinate to obtain the value of C which is 0.0979A +0.0004, R20.9994, in a good linear relationship in the range of 0.008-0.05 mg/mL).
And (3) fermenting and filtering the soybean meal in the examples 3-6 to obtain soybean meal fermentation liquor, precisely absorbing 5mL of the soybean meal fermentation liquor, measuring a light absorption value by using a standard curve manufacturing method, and then calculating the content of the total flavonoids in the soybean meal fermentation liquor according to the standard curve method.
Fig. 3 shows the fermentation effect of the soybean meal, and it can be seen that the content of acid-soluble protein in the fermented soybean meal of example 4 reaches 8.24%, the content of amino acid nitrogen reaches 3.08%, which is significantly higher than that in examples 3 and 5-6, and the pH of the fermented soybean meal of example 4 is lower, 3.89, which is lower than that in examples 3 and 5-6, which indicate that the addition of citrus peel and pyridoxine can improve the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented soybean meal, increase acid-soluble protein and amino acid nitrogen in the fermented soybean meal, and decrease the pH of the fermented soybean meal.
Fig. 4 shows the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid in the fermented soybean meal, and it can be seen that the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid in the fermented soybean meal in example 4 are significantly higher than those in examples 3 and 5-6, which shows that the addition of citrus peel and pyridoxine can improve the effect of lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented soybean meal, increase the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid, and thus lower the pH of the fermented soybean meal, which is consistent with the pH result in fig. 3.
FIG. 5 shows the content of total flavonoids in fermented soybean meal, and it can be seen that the content of total flavonoids in fermented soybean meal in example 4 is significantly higher than that in examples 3 and 5-6, which indicates that the addition of pericarp of citrus aurantium and pyridoxine makes the obtained fermented soybean meal contain higher total flavonoids.
Test example 2:
influence of aquaculture feed on Australia freshwater lobster
Healthy, non-diseased and intercutting crayfish were selected for breeding trials with an average initial weight of 2g and randomized into trial 1-10 groups of 3 replicates each with 100 shrimp replicates each. The culture experiment is carried out in an indoor circulating filtration culture system, the specification of each culture pond is 425cm multiplied by 115cm multiplied by 90cm, and 30 PVC pipes are placed at the bottom of each culture box to be used as shielding objects. The water temperature is controlled at 27-31 deg.C, the water depth is controlled at 50-60cm, and the dissolved oxygen content is ensured to be above 5 mg/L. The method comprises the steps of cleaning residual food and excrement on a feeding table every day, changing 1/3 water every other week, putting 500mL of microecological inhibitor every other week to ensure that the water quality is not deteriorated, feeding the feed every day with the amount of 6% of the shrimp body weight, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 1 in the test 1 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 2 in the test 2 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 3 in the test 3 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 4 in the test 4 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 5 in the test 5 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 6 in the test 6 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 7 in the test 7 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 8 in the test 8 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 9 in the test 9 group, feeding the aquaculture feed of the invention in the embodiment 10 in the test 10 group, and adjusting according to the, feeding twice a day, wherein the feeding time is 07:00 and 18:00 respectively, and the culture period is 8 weeks.
1. And (3) measuring the growth performance of the Australia crayfish, and calculating according to the following formula when the culture test is finished:
survival rate is terminal shrimp number/initial shrimp number x 100%;
mass gain rate (W)f-Wi)/Wi×100％；
Specific growth rate (lnW)f-lnWi)/T×100％；
Efficiency of the feed is (W)f-Wi) Per intake feed quality x 100%.
In the formula: wfIs the average end amount; wiIs the average initial weight; t is the number of days of the experiment.
TABLE 1 Australia crayfish growth Performance
Table 1 shows the growth performance of the Australian crayfish, and the weight gain rate of the Australian crayfish is more than 800%, the specific growth rate is more than 3.9%, the survival rate is more than 90%, and the feed efficiency is more than 60 in the test 1 group to the test 3 group, which shows that the feed for culturing the Australian crayfish in the embodiment 1 to 3 can improve the ingestion rate, the feed utilization rate and the body immunity of the Australian crayfish, promote the growth and development, maintain the body health, increase the body immunity and reduce the morbidity risk; the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, survival rate and feed efficiency of the Australian crayfish in the 4 test groups are higher than those of the 3 test groups, the 5 test groups and the 6 test groups, which shows that the feeding rate, the feed utilization rate and the body immunity of the Australian crayfish can be further improved by using the fermented soybean meal in the feed for breeding in the embodiment 4 of the invention; the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate, the survival rate and the feed efficiency of the Australian crayfish in the 7 groups of tests are higher than those of the 3 groups of tests, and the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate, the survival rate and the feed efficiency of the Australian crayfish in the 8 groups of tests are higher than those of the 4 groups of tests, the 9 groups of tests and the 10 groups of tests, which shows that the survival rate, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the Australian crayfish can be further improved when the peanut acid and the luteolin coexist in the culture feed of the 7 embodiments and the culture feed of the 8 embodiments.
2. Determination of meat yield of Australia freshwater lobster
The test shrimps were decapitated and decapacitated, the appendages were cut off, the shrimps were held by the left hand, the shrimp tails were gently rotated by the right hand to take out the shrimp line, then carefully dissected from bottom to top along both sides of the abdomen with scissors, the bottom wall of the abdomen was peeled off with tweezers, the abdominal muscles were carefully removed with a spatula, the muscles on the remaining carapace were peeled off with tweezers, the surface moisture was blotted with wringed-out wet gauze, and the abdominal muscle weight was measured with an electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g.
Meat yield (%) × 100 (abdominal muscle mass/total shrimp mass).
3. Determination of Australia crayfish nutrient content
Counting and weighing Australia crayfish, taking hepatopancreas and muscle, quickly freezing with liquid nitrogen, and storing at-80 deg.C for use.
The crude fat content is determined by a GB/T5009.6-2016 Soxhlet extraction method, the crude protein content is determined by a GB/T5009.5-2016 trace Kjeldahl method, the amino acid content is determined by an L-8900 amino acid automatic analyzer, and except for the tryptophan content, the acid hydrolysis treatment is adopted when determining the rest amino acid content; the fatty acid content is determined by the method GB 5009.168-2016. Each sample was sampled 3 times repeatedly for determination.
TABLE 2 meat yield and nutrient content of Australian crayfish
Table 2 shows the meat yield and nutrient content of Australian crayfish, wherein W isEAA/WNEAARepresents the ratio of essential amino acids/non-essential amino acids; wDAA/WTAAThe ratio of umami amino acids/total amount of amino acids is indicated. From table 2, the following conclusions can be drawn:
the meat yield of the Australian crayfish in the test 1 group to the test 3 group is more than 18 percent, the crude protein content is more than 16 percent, the crude fat content is more than 0.65 percent, the ratio of essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid is more than 0.65, the proportion of the umami amino acid to the total amino acid is more than 48 percent, and the EPA + DHA + DPA content is more than 15.5 percent, which shows that the cultured feed of the embodiment 1 to the 3 group can improve the quality of the Australian crayfish;
the meat yield and the crude protein of the Australian crayfish in the test 4 groups are higher than those of the test 3 group, the test 5 group and the test 6 group, which shows that the meat yield and the crude protein content in the muscle of the Australian crayfish can be improved by using the fermented soybean meal in the breeding feed in the embodiment 4 of the invention; experiment 4 groups of Australia crayfish have muscle essential amino acid/non-essential amino acid higher than 0.8, and have fresh amino acid accounting for total amino acid with a proportion higher than 55%, which are higher than experiment 3 groups, experiment 5 groups to experiment 6 groups, which shows that the quality and the delicious degree of protein in muscle can be improved by using fermented soybean meal in the feed of the embodiment 4 of the invention;
the results of the tests 7 groups of the Australian crayfish showed that the ratio of the meat yield, the crude protein, the essential amino acids/nonessential amino acids in the muscles and the umami amino acids to the total amino acids was equivalent to that of the test 3 group, and the ratio of the meat yield, the crude protein, the essential amino acids/nonessential amino acids in the muscles and the umami amino acids to the total amino acids was equivalent to that of the test 4 group, the test 9 group to the test 10 group, respectively, in the test 8 groups of the Australian crayfish, which demonstrated that the presence of both arachidic acid and luteolin in the feed and the feed of example 7 of the present invention had an adverse effect on the ratio of the meat yield, the crude protein, the essential amino acids/nonessential amino acids in the muscles and the umami amino acids to the total; the crude fat content and the total content of unsaturated fatty acids EPA, DHA, DPA of the Australian crayfish in the test 7 group are higher than those of the test 3 group, and the crude fat content and the total content of unsaturated fatty acids EPA, DHA, DPA of the Australian crayfish in the test 8 group are higher than those of the test 4 group and the test 9 group to the test 10 group, which shows that the coexistence of peanut acid and luteolin in the aquaculture feed of the embodiment 7 and the aquaculture feed of the embodiment 8 can effectively increase the crude fat content in the muscle of Australian crayfish, especially effectively increase the total content of unsaturated fatty acids EPA, DHA, DPA in the Australian crayfish, so as to improve the quality of the Australian crayfish.
4. Activity of lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase in Australia crayfish
Lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase of liver and pancreas are detected by adopting a kit of Nanjing institute of bioengineering.
Fig. 6 shows the activities of lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase in australian crayfish, and it can be seen that the activities of lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase in australian crayfish in test 7 groups are higher than those in test 3 group, the activities of lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase in australian crayfish in test 8 group are higher than those in test 4 group, and test 9 group is equivalent to test 10 group, which shows that the activities of lipase, superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase can be improved in the presence of peanut acid and luteolin in the feed of example 7 and the feed of example 8 of the present invention.
Conventional operations in the operation steps of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A processing technology of a feed for culturing Australian freshwater lobsters with citrus flavor comprises the steps of mixing a raw material of orange and the feed mixture, extruding, forming, drying, flattening, uniformly wetting, expanding, coating, drying, cooling and packaging to form the feed for culturing the Australian freshwater lobsters with the citrus flavor; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the orange raw material is selected from oranges, defective oranges or defective oranges, peels or residues;
the feed mixture contains fermented soybean meal, fish meal, wheat flour, soybean phospholipids and fish oil;
the coating material comprises mineral mixture and vitamin mixture.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein: the storage temperature of the orange and tangerine raw materials is 10-15 ℃, and the storage humidity is 85-95%.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein: the orange raw material is treated by an antiseptic preservative, and the antiseptic preservative comprises, by weight, 50-150 parts of sodium hypochlorite, 0.25-0.75 part of sodium hexametaphosphate and 1000 parts of water.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein: the preparation steps of the fermented soybean meal are as follows: grinding the soybean meal to 80-120 meshes, adding water until the water content is 45-53%, uniformly mixing, then sterilizing at high pressure for 20-30min, cooling, inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus with the inoculation amount of 3-5%, fermenting at 35-40 ℃ for 1-2 days, freeze drying, crushing, and sieving with a 200-mesh and 300-mesh sieve to obtain the fermented soybean meal.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein: the mineral mixture comprises, by weight, MgSO4·7H2O155 and 209 portions; CuSO4·5H20.83 to 1.13 portions of O; FeSO4·7H210.16-13.74 parts of O; ZnSO4·7H25.79 to 9.39 portions of O; MnSO4·H2O3.74-5.06 parts; CoCl2·6H20.17-0.23 part of O; na (Na)2SeO30.043-0.058 parts; ca (IO)3)2·6H20.20-0.28 part of O; and (4) 910 parts of microcrystalline cellulose 673.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein: said vitamin mixture comprises, in mg/kg of feed, VA13600 acetic ester and 18400 IU; VD32125 together with 2875 IU; a-tocopherol 102-138; sodium potassium bisulfite naphthoquinone 4.34-5.87; thiamine hydrochloride 20.83-28.18; 30.6-41.4 of riboflavin; pyridoxine 16.83-22.77; cyanocobalamin 0.09-0.12; d-calcium pantothenate 49.98-67.62; 168.3 to 227.7 portions of nicotinic acid; 16.66-22.54 percent of folic acid; 1.02-1.38 of biotin; inositol 666.4-901.6; vCPhosphatase 595-805.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein: the feed mixture also contains a compound phagostimulant, wherein the compound phagostimulant comprises, by weight, 34-46% of betaine; 17-23% of dimethyl-propionic acid thetin; 17-23% of glycine; 8.5 to 10.15 percent of alanine; 8.5 to 10.15 percent of 5-inosine phosphate.
8. The process of claim 1, wherein: the coating material also comprises an anti-stress agent, wherein the anti-stress agent comprises nacre powder, and the addition amount of the anti-stress agent is 0.75-1.57% of the weight of the feed.
9. The feed for culturing Australia crayfish with citrus taste prepared by the processing technology of claim 1.
10. The citrus flavored australian crayfish farming feed of claim 9, wherein: the breeding feed also comprises microcrystalline cellulose, alanine, glycine, a mildew preventive, an antioxidant and an amino acid mixture.
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| CN102726597A (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2012-10-17 | 湖南省天金科技有限公司 | Method for preparing feed additive by using citrus waste residues |
| CN105010883A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-04 | 通威股份有限公司 | Australia crayfish breeding expanded sunken cooperation fodder and production process thereof |
| CN110583900A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-20 | 威海金牌生物科技股份有限公司 | Australian lobster bait and preparation process thereof |
| CN111434236A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-21 | 澄迈盛虾林农业科技有限公司 | Adult crayfish breeding feed for Australia freshwater lobsters and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102726597A (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2012-10-17 | 湖南省天金科技有限公司 | Method for preparing feed additive by using citrus waste residues |
| CN105010883A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-04 | 通威股份有限公司 | Australia crayfish breeding expanded sunken cooperation fodder and production process thereof |
| CN110583900A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-20 | 威海金牌生物科技股份有限公司 | Australian lobster bait and preparation process thereof |
| CN111434236A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-07-21 | 澄迈盛虾林农业科技有限公司 | Adult crayfish breeding feed for Australia freshwater lobsters and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113519724A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-22 | 章荣彬 | Shrimp and crab growth promoter and preparation method thereof |
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