CN112913913A - 一种纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于保鲜剂技术领域,具体涉及一种纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂及其制备方法。该保鲜剂是由蛋清蛋黄混悬液,纳米级纤维素,姜黄素以及γ‑PGA+CS+甘油组成。本发明所用主要原料水溶性好、可食用、无毒害、具有良好的成膜性;本发明制备的可食性涂层保鲜剂本发明保鲜剂能在水果和蔬菜表面形成均匀不易脱落的薄膜,减少其水分蒸腾、抑制呼吸,可以有效控制水果和蔬菜在贮藏期间表皮萎缩情况、降低失水率和腐烂程度、保持水果亮度以及果肉的质构,明显延长水果蔬菜的保鲜期,且安全、无毒害、无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保鲜剂技术领域,具体涉及一种纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
壳聚糖是一种天然的高分子化合物,是由几丁质经过脱乙酰作用得到的带正电荷的天然碱性多糖,在虾和蟹的壳中含量丰富。壳聚糖不仅具有良好的生物相容性,生物降解性和无毒性,而且还具有良好的抗菌性能,可抑制某些病原微生物(如大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)的生长。壳聚糖带有正电,利用此特点在液态介质中与带有负电荷的聚γ-谷氨酸交联。
聚γ-谷氨酸,简称γ-PGA,是一种由L-和D-谷氨酸单体通过γ-谷氨酰键在酶催化作用下,链接而成的一种非核糖体多肽,分子链上具有大量侧链羧基,可在分子内部或分子间形成氢键。具有生物可降解性、易于修饰性、保水性、增溶性、缓释性。
水果和蔬菜因富含糖、有机酸、矿物质和维生素等多种营养成分,且具有促进生长发育、增强人体抵抗能力、延缓衰老、防癌抗癌等功效。但水果和蔬菜含水量高,采摘后不易贮存,常温下5d-7d左右便会失水皱缩、发生褐变导致腐烂而失去食用价值和商品价值,给生产和贮运造成很大损失,极大限制其规模化种植及产业发展。因此,水果和蔬菜贮藏保鲜的研究就具有重要的经济价值和实际生产意义。
目前,水果和蔬菜的保鲜方法主要有气调贮藏、低温贮藏、化学试剂处理、保鲜剂和涂膜保鲜等,这些方法都能在一定程度上延长水果和蔬菜的贮藏期。其中涂膜保鲜法是通过成膜剂在果蔬表面形成的膜具有降低水果生理活动强度、防止其内部水分过快散失、抑制水果表面的微生物生长等作用而达到延长果蔬贮藏期的目的。近几年来,复合涂膜保鲜已成为涂膜保鲜领域的研究重点和发展趋势。但该方法要求涂膜剂稳定、无毒、无明显异味,食用前易除去,同时应具备良好的附着力和一定的机械强度。因此,研发一种附着力强且具有机械强度的可食性涂层保鲜膜成为了亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂的,该涂层保鲜剂能够明显延长水果和蔬菜的保鲜期。
本发明还提供了一种上述纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
本发明提供了一种纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂,该保鲜剂是由蛋清蛋黄混悬液,纳米级纤维素,姜黄素以及γ- PGA+CS+甘油组成;
所述混悬液、姜黄素和γ- PGA+CS+甘油的质量比为6-8:1:1。
本发明还提供了一种纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蛋清和蛋黄的混合液中,加入氨水后进行搅拌,搅拌过程中,逐滴加入柠檬酸水溶液,搅拌均匀后形成蛋清蛋黄混悬液;
(2)将蛋清蛋黄混悬液,姜黄素以及γ- PGA+CS+甘油按比例混合均匀,得混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液在沸水浴中加热搅拌,使其糊化成均匀的膜液,将膜液搅拌,进一步将膜液充分混匀,得到可食性涂层保鲜剂。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,所述混合液和氨水的质量比为1:0.1-0.2;所述氨和柠檬酸的质量比为1:1.8-2;所述氨水的浓度为28%;所述柠檬酸水溶液的浓度为15%。
本发明所使用的γ- PGA+CS+甘油中,γ- PGA、CS和甘油的质量比1:1:1。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,所述加热搅拌的时间为10-20min。
进一步的,所述膜液搅拌的转速为2000-4000r/min,搅拌时间为1-10min。
可食性膜是以天然可食性生物大分子为原料,通过一定的加工工艺使各成膜剂分子之间相互作用,并通过浸渍和涂布等途径覆盖在果蔬表面,使之形成一种具有选择透气性、较低透水性以及阻止果蔬中易挥发组分迁移和扩散等多种功能的薄膜,从而达到降低采后果蔬的生理活性,延长贮藏期的目的。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明所用主要原料水溶性好、可食用、无毒害、具有良好的成膜性;
2、本发明制备的可食性涂层保鲜剂本发明保鲜剂能在水果和蔬菜表面形成均匀不易脱落的薄膜,减少其水分蒸腾、抑制呼吸,可以有效控制水果和蔬菜在贮藏期间表皮萎缩情况、降低失水率和腐烂程度、保持水果亮度以及果肉的质构,明显延长水果蔬菜的保鲜期,且安全、无毒害、无污染。
3、制备工艺简便,适合于广泛生产。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以进一步说明本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
本发明所使用蛋清和蛋黄的混合液,通过将鸡蛋打开后混合即可,无需特定比例关系。
实施例1
(1)将10份蛋清和蛋黄的混合液中,加入2份浓度28%的氨水后进行搅拌,搅拌过程中,逐滴加入1份浓度为15%的柠檬酸水溶液,搅拌均匀后形成蛋清蛋黄混悬液;
(2)将蛋清蛋黄混悬液,姜黄素以及γ- PGA+CS+甘油按7:1:1混合均匀,得混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液在沸水浴中加热搅拌20min,使其糊化成均匀的膜液,将膜液以3000r/min速率搅拌时间为5min,进一步将膜液充分混匀,得到可食性涂层保鲜剂。
试验1:采用浸涂法对草莓进行涂膜处理。待涂膜液冷却后,用经消毒后的镊子轻轻夹住草莓,保证草莓无机械损伤,并使其完全浸没于涂膜液中,草莓表皮被涂膜液完全覆盖,再用镊子将草莓轻轻的从涂膜液中拿出,放于经过消毒的磁盘中,用吹风对涂膜后的草莓进行吹干处理,在相同条件下对涂膜后的草莓进行贮藏,发现经涂膜的草莓色泽变化缓慢,表皮皱缩时间推迟,抑制果实中水分的蒸腾,薄膜依附于草莓表皮10d还未脱落,相对于未涂膜的草莓腐烂的时间推迟8d。
试验2:采用浸涂法对香蕉进行涂膜处理。待涂膜液冷却后,用经消毒后的镊子轻轻夹住香蕉,保证香蕉无机械损伤,并使其完全浸没于涂膜液中,香蕉表皮被涂膜液完全覆盖,再用镊子将香蕉轻轻的从涂膜液中拿出,放于经过消毒的磁盘中,用吹风对涂膜后的香蕉进行吹干处理,在相同条件下对涂膜后的香蕉进行贮藏,发现经涂膜的香蕉色泽变化缓慢,表皮皱缩时间推迟,抑制果实中水分的蒸腾,薄膜依附于香蕉表皮10d还未脱落,相对于未涂膜的香蕉出现黑斑的时间推迟10d。
实施例2
(1)将10份蛋清和蛋黄的混合液中,加入2份浓度28%的氨水后进行搅拌,搅拌过程中,逐滴加入1.12份浓度为15%的柠檬酸水溶液,搅拌均匀后形成蛋清蛋黄混悬液;
(2)将蛋清蛋黄混悬液,姜黄素以及γ- PGA+CS+甘油按8:1:1混合均匀,得混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液在沸水浴中加热搅拌20min,使其糊化成均匀的膜液,将膜液以3000r/min速率搅拌时间为5min,进一步将膜液充分混匀,得到可食性涂层保鲜剂。
试验:采用浸涂法对鳄梨进行涂膜处理。待涂膜液冷却后,用经消毒后的镊子轻轻夹住鳄梨,保证鳄梨无机械损伤,并使其完全浸没于涂膜液中,鳄梨表皮被涂膜液完全覆盖,再用镊子将鳄梨轻轻的从涂膜液中拿出,放于经过消毒的磁盘中,用吹风对涂膜后的鳄梨进行吹干处理,在相同条件下对涂膜后的鳄梨进行贮藏,发现经涂膜的鳄梨色泽变化缓慢,表皮皱缩时间推迟,抑制果实中水分的蒸腾,薄膜依附于鳄梨表皮12d还未脱落,相对于未涂膜的鳄梨出现腐烂的时间推迟7d。
对比例1
(1)将10份蛋清和蛋黄的混合液中,加入2份浓度28%的氨水后进行搅拌,搅拌过程中,逐滴加入1份浓度为15%的柠檬酸水溶液,搅拌均匀后形成蛋清蛋黄混悬液;
(2)将蛋清蛋黄混悬液,纤维素、姜黄素以及甘油按7:1:1:0.4混合均匀,得混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液在沸水浴中加热搅拌20min,使其糊化成均匀的膜液,将膜液以3000r/min速率搅拌时间为5min,进一步将膜液充分混匀,得到可食性涂层保鲜剂。
试验方法同实施例1,形成的薄膜均匀度较实施例1差,同时薄膜依附于草莓表皮第7d出现脱落,相对于未涂膜的草莓出现腐烂的时间推迟6d。
对比例2
(1)将蛋清蛋黄混合液(不经处理),姜黄素以及γ- PGA+CS+甘油按7:1:1:1混合均匀,得混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液在沸水浴中加热搅拌20min,使其糊化成均匀的膜液,将膜液以3000r/min速率搅拌时间为5min,进一步将膜液充分混匀,得到可食性涂层保鲜剂。
试验方法同实施例1,形成的薄膜均匀度较实施例1差,薄膜依附于草莓表皮第8d出现脱落,相对于未涂膜的草莓出现腐烂的时间推迟5d。
(一)通过实施例及对比例对浸涂的草莓,鳄梨,香蕉和其他水果的实验室测试表明,它们的新鲜度要比未浸涂的产品更长。压缩测试表明,带涂层的水果比未涂层的水果更坚硬,并证明了涂层具有将水分保持在农产品中的能力,从而减缓了成熟过程。
(二)对实施例1及对比例1和2制备的涂层的独立膜进行溶解度检测,将制备的薄膜室温下放入去离子水中,统计薄膜完全溶解所使用的时间,每个试验重复10次,取平均值,具体结果见表1。
表1
Claims (6)
1.一种纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂,其特征在于,是由蛋清蛋黄混悬液,纳米级纤维素,姜黄素以及γ- PGA+CS+甘油组成;
所述混悬液、姜黄素和γ- PGA+CS+甘油的质量比为6-8:1:1。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的纳米级可食性涂层保鲜剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将蛋清和蛋黄的混合液中,加入氨水后进行搅拌,搅拌过程中,逐滴加入柠檬酸水溶液,搅拌均匀后形成蛋清蛋黄混悬液;
(2)将蛋清蛋黄混悬液,姜黄素以及γ- PGA+CS+甘油按比例混合均匀,得混合溶液;
(2)将混合溶液在沸水浴中加热搅拌,使其糊化成均匀的膜液,将膜液搅拌,进一步将膜液充分混匀,得到可食性涂层保鲜剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述混合液和氨水的质量比为1:0.1-0.2;所述氨和柠檬酸的质量比为1:1.8-2;所述氨水的浓度为28%;所述柠檬酸水溶液的浓度为15%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述γ- PGA+CS+甘油中,γ-PGA、CS和甘油的质量比1:1:1。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述加热搅拌的时间为10-20min。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述膜液搅拌的转速为2000-4000r/min,搅拌时间为1-10min。
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