CN112912662A - 用于控制二氧化碳的环境温度气化的设备 - Google Patents

用于控制二氧化碳的环境温度气化的设备 Download PDF

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CN112912662A
CN112912662A CN201980067500.8A CN201980067500A CN112912662A CN 112912662 A CN112912662 A CN 112912662A CN 201980067500 A CN201980067500 A CN 201980067500A CN 112912662 A CN112912662 A CN 112912662A
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carbon dioxide
pressure
ambient temperature
liquid
delivery pressure
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M·J·多尔
G·卡尼利亚
J·A·斯图尔特
E·L·科林奇
C·G·威廉姆斯
A·D·斯拉夫
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

提供了一种受控环境温度气化系统，包括处于供应压力的液态二氧化碳源、减压阀、以及热交换装置。该系统被配置成将液态二氧化碳从供应压力降低至输送压力。该系统还被配置成在环境温度空气流与处于输送压力的二氧化碳之间交换热量，由此产生气化的二氧化碳流。该系统还包括背压调节器，该背压调节器被配置成将气化的二氧化碳维持在最小输送压力之上。

Description

用于控制二氧化碳的环境温度气化的设备
背景技术
氢气经常用于燃气涡轮发电机中的发电机冷却。这些发电机需要定期维护，这涉及进入发电机。在进入发电机之前，必须吹扫氢气。二氧化碳用作吹扫氢气的中间气体。这样防止了氢气与空气直接接触，以防止氢气和氧气的可燃混合物。一旦将氢气吹扫至安全水平，则使用空气吹扫二氧化碳。一旦氧气和二氧化碳达到所需的水平，空气便提供了安全的工作环境。维修工作完成后，该过程将被颠倒。使用二氧化碳吹扫空气，然后用氢气吹扫二氧化碳。
当发电机尺寸较大或发电站具有多个发电机时，具有电加热器的散装液态二氧化碳系统通常用作CO2源。在这些系统中使用电加热器使得在没有内部电力产生且没有外部电力可用的停电状态期间无法操作。较小的设施将使用高压CO2气瓶，从而利用从瓶中抽出的气相。在当前的现有技术中，这些系统发生干冰阻塞或吹扫时间非常缓慢。
较小的设施必须利用高压二氧化碳气瓶作为其供应源。目前，用瓶中的二氧化碳吹扫氢气是人工过程，该人工过程非常费力并且非常缓慢。由于二氧化碳的性质，从高压瓶的气相中抽出经常会导致管线、阀和调节器结冰；头部压力坍塌；甚至瓶中的液体凝固成干冰。附加地，来自瓶的冷液体或气体对人员和供应系统也有安全风险。一些二氧化碳吹扫气体系统已经以特别的方式装配了受热调节器和/或电加热器，但是它们仍然是手动的、费力的，并且其操作经常被中断或减慢以更换瓶。
瓶结冰和头部压力损失会减慢或停止吹扫过程。这造成了极其不安全的状况，因为操作员可能认为瓶内含物已经被输送到了发电机，而实际上还没有。这种错误的思路导致死亡，操作人员认为他们已经充分吹扫了发电机，但是并没有。
发明内容
一种受控环境温度气化系统，包括处于供应压力的液态二氧化碳源；减压阀，该减压阀被配置成将该液态二氧化碳从该供应压力降低至输送压力；热交换装置，该热交换装置被配置成在环境温度空气流与处于该输送压力的该二氧化碳之间交换热量，由此产生气化的二氧化碳流，以及背压调节器，该背压调节器被配置成将该气化的二氧化碳维持在最小输送压力之上。
附图说明
为了进一步理解本发明的本质和目的，应结合附图来参考以下详细说明，在附图中类似的元件被赋予相同或类似的附图标记，并且其中：
-图1是二氧化碳的相图的示意图。
-图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的受控环境温度气化系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
要素编号：
101＝受控环境温度气化系统
102＝加压液态二氧化碳源(处于供应压力)
103＝减压阀
104＝处于供应压力的液态二氧化碳流
105＝热交换装置
106＝环境温度空气流
107＝处于输送压力的二氧化碳流
108＝处于输送压力的气化二氧化碳流
109＝背压调节器
110＝流量累加器
111＝不间断电源
112＝发电机
定义
如本文所使用的，术语“环境温度空气”被定义为周围空气的温度。在引入到环境温度热交换装置中之前，不会向“环境温度空气”中添加任何额外的热量。
如本文所使用的，术语“环境温度空气流”被定义为通过自然对流或通过强制循环引入到热交换装置中的环境温度空气流。
如本文所使用的，术语“三相点”被定义为流体达到气相、液相和固相平衡时所处于的温度和压力。对于二氧化碳，三相点为-70F和75psia。
如本文所使用的，术语“沉积压力”被定义为二氧化碳从气相变为固相时的压力。
二氧化碳是具有广泛分析特征的分子。二氧化碳表现出的独特品质是升华和沉积。如图1所示，在低于约-70F的温度和低于约75psia的压力时，固相二氧化碳从蒸气相直接进入固相，而不会进入液相。因此，如果在系统中的任何相点，在这些条件下蒸气流中存在足够的热量去除或压力降低(或两者都存在)，则将形成固态二氧化碳。在本系统中，固体二氧化碳的存在是不令人希望的。但是，在所谓的“三相点”之上，去除这个流中的热量或降低这个流中的压力(或两者都有)将简单地将二氧化碳冷凝成液相，然后可以根据需要将其移动通过系统。同样，如果液相二氧化碳物流的温度升高到三相点以上，则会形成蒸气相二氧化碳。
转到图2，提供了受控环境温度气化系统101。此系统包括处于供应压力PS的液态二氧化碳源102。供应压力PS可以大于750psia、优选地大于800psia、更优选地在830psia至835psia之间。供应压力PS可以高于临界点(88F、1071psia)、优选地为约1800psi。
该系统还包括减压阀103，该减压阀被设计成将液态二氧化碳104从供应压力Ps降低至输送压力PD。输送压力可以小于150psia、优选小于或等于125psia。
在临界点以上，二氧化碳既不是液体也不是蒸气，而是超临界流体。当超临界流体穿过减压阀103时，二氧化碳将下降到临界压力以下至输送压力PD。
如果二氧化碳源102排空了液体，则取决于剩余压力，将有多达一半的填充重量保持蒸气形式。从这样的源(例如浸入管瓶或虹吸管瓶)，仍然可以去除剩余的蒸气相二氧化碳，因为随后的压力降低至输送压力PD将降低蒸气压力，并且仍然需要在输送到用户之前进行加热。因此，本系统可以具有输送超临界、液相或蒸气相形式的二氧化碳的作用。优选的输送阶段是液体。
该系统还包括热交换装置105，该热交换装置被设计成在环境温度空气流106与处于输送压力107的二氧化碳之间交换热量，由此产生气化的二氧化碳流108。除了环境温度空气之外，没有额外的加热源被用于向热交换装置105提供能量。可以通过自然对流或通过强制循环(比如通过吹风机或风扇)将环境温度空气流106引入到热交换装置105中。
作为非限制性的说明性示例，如果假定热交换器的温度接近适中的20F度，考虑到二氧化碳的三相点温度为-70F，则如果环境温度大于-50F，则将有足够的环境热能来避免在大于如下所述的最小输送压力PDM的压力下沉积。这并不是说这样的系统将在如此低的环境温度时运行，而仅仅是为了说明可用环境热量的充足性。因此，除了环境温度空气之外，没有额外的加热源被用于或需要向热交换装置105提供能量。
该系统包括背压调节器109，该背压调节器被配置成将气化的二氧化碳108维持在最小输送压力PDM之上。最小输送压力PDM可以高于二氧化碳的三相点温度、优选大于75psia、更优选大于100psia。由于这些压力大于任何沉积压力，因此减少或消除了在这个流中形成固态二氧化碳雪的可能性。
背压调节器将使系统压力维持在100psia，并使该系统压力最低保持在75psia以上。如果系统压力下降到100psia以下，则背压调节器109将开始关闭，以便将系统维持在最小输送压力以上，该最小输送压力应不小于75psia。减压阀103和背压调节器109的独特组合提供了对环境温度蒸发器105内的压力的精确控制，并确保了没有干冰形成。
在该系统中，液态二氧化碳源102可以是选自由浸入管瓶、加压液体瓶、微型瓶和/或散装瓶组成的组的一个或多个器皿。应该注意的是，无论容器的来源如何，在所有情况下液态二氧化碳都是从容器中抽出的。
该系统还可以包括流量累加器110，该流量累加器被配置成提供在预定时间段内二氧化碳流量108的运行总量。流量累加器110可以由本地不间断电源111供电。该系统不需要外部电源。
优选能够在不使用电力的情况下扫除氢气。发电站将在计划内或未计划(紧急)的停机下进行吹扫。发电站可能会因未计划的停机(没有供电的情况下)而处于停电状态。
能够监测输送到发电机的CO2量非常重要。完成流量计的添加使得操作员可以知道是否有足够量的CO2被输送到该过程中。通常输送的量是发电机内部体积的2倍。
尽管发电站的散装系统问题较少，但仍然存在的问题是它们依靠电力将气化的气体输送到发电机。进一步地，此应用中的流量计也有益处。
还提供了一种用于利用上述系统控制二氧化碳的环境温度气化的方法。
应当理解，由本领域技术人员可在如所附权利要求中所表述的本发明的原则和范围内做出本文已经描述以解释本发明的本质的细节、材料、步骤和零件布置上的许多附加的改变。因此，本发明不旨在限于以上给出的实例中的具体实施例。

Claims (4)

1.一种受控环境温度气化系统，包括：
·处于供应压力的液态二氧化碳源，
·减压阀，该减压阀被配置成将该液态二氧化碳从该供应压力降低至输送压力，
·热交换装置，该热交换装置被配置成在环境温度空气流与处于该输送压力的该二氧化碳之间交换热量，由此产生气化的二氧化碳流，
·背压调节器，该背压调节器被配置成将该气化的二氧化碳维持在最小输送压力之上，以及
·流量累加器，该流量累加器被配置成提供在预定时间段内该二氧化碳的运行总量，
其中，不需要外部电源。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，该液态二氧化碳源是选自由浸入管瓶、加压液体瓶、微型瓶、散装瓶组成的组的一个或多个器皿。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，该最小输送压力大于沉积压力。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，该流量累加器由本地不间断电源供电。
CN201980067500.8A 2018-10-15 2019-10-15 用于控制二氧化碳的环境温度气化的设备 Withdrawn CN112912662A (zh)

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