CN112909469B - Waveguide power distribution and synthesis method with arbitrary power ratio and distribution and synthesis device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution and synthesis method and a distribution and combination device. The arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution method of the present invention includes the following steps: 1) equally dividing one path of microwave power into two paths of microwave power signals of equal amplitude and same phase, and phase-shifting one of the paths of microwave power signals; The signal amplitude is the same and there is a phase difference of kπ+θ; 2) Input the microwave power signal processed in step 1) into the third port of the magic T, and input another microwave power signal into the fourth port of the magic T. The first port and the second port realize any power ratio output; the magic T includes a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power. The invention can not only solve the recovery and utilization of the microwave power at the end of the accelerator, but also solve the arbitrary proportion distribution of the microwave power of a single microwave source.

Description

Arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution and synthesis method and distribution and synthesizer

technical field

The invention relates to an arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution and synthesis method for high power and high vacuum, and a distribution and synthesizer, belonging to the technical field of accelerators.

Background technique

The energy of charged particles in particle accelerators comes from the accelerating electric field, and klystrons are usually used as the microwave power source of the accelerator. At present, taking the S-band klystron as an example, its output peak power is generally in the order of tens of megawatts. According to the needs of different accelerators, its power is provided to several An accelerating tube is used to increase the energy of charged particles passing through the tube. The microwave power that is not used to accelerate the charged particles in the accelerating tube is absorbed by the dry load at the output end, and converted into heat and carried away by the constant temperature water. The current mainstream accelerating tube can use about 2/3 of the input power, and the remaining 1/3 is absorbed by the dry load at the output, which means that the microwave power that is not effectively utilized by each klystron is about 1/3. As we all know, the procurement and operation cost of klystron is very considerable, and it also occupies a considerable proportion in the construction and operation cost of accelerator. The number is reduced by about 1/4. It also means that there is no need to use dry loads that are relatively expensive in waveguide devices, which are passive devices with low cost, long life and no additional maintenance. On the whole, the recycling of microwave power at the output end of the accelerating tube can effectively reduce the construction and operation cost of the accelerator, which is in line with the national policy orientation of reducing energy consumption.

To solve the recovery and utilization of the microwave power at the output end of the accelerating tube, the power is mainly transmitted to a certain place through the waveguide, and then the two microwave powers are combined (multiplexing can be cascaded). In other applications, it is hoped that the microwave power of a single channel can be allocated to two devices at the same time in any proportion as required, and the power of both channels can be continuously variable between 0 and 1 (0 means that the channel has no power, 1 It means that this channel occupies all the power, but the sum of the power of the two channels does not exceed 1). Because of the reciprocity of waveguide devices, the design method for both is the same.

The waveguide power combiner with arbitrary power ratio has not yet seen a mature design scheme, but the international research on the power splitter with arbitrary power ratio (not necessarily a waveguide structure) has a certain history. As mentioned above, due to the waveguide device The reciprocity of the two is essentially the same design approach.

As early as 1975, L.J.Ricardi conducted a theoretical analysis of the error of a variable-power divider composed of a magic T, a 3dB bridge and two ferrite phase shifters (see L.J.Ricardi, "Error analysis of a variable-power divider"). ", Technical Note of Massachusetts Institute of Technology of Lincoln Laboratory, June 1975). In the 1980s, Nathaniel Cohen and others in the United States proposed to arrange rectangular waveguides corresponding to the vertical and horizontal polarized electric fields at both ends of a circular waveguide, and the rectangular waveguides at both ends were placed at 45° along the axis. The equidistant thin metal strips arranged along the axis in the waveguide are rotated by the same angle in turn to achieve a certain phase shift of the microwave power input at one end, and output at any power division ratio at the two output ports at the other end (refer to N.L.Cohen, A.D.Ergene , "Variable power divider", United States Patent, No. 4755777, July 1988); in 1995, Hughes Airlines adopted the structure in a similar technology, but replaced the circular waveguide with several metal discs with equal spacing. A thin metal strip, the amount of phase shift of the microwave is controlled by the depth of the disk inserted into the circular waveguide (refer to K. Rolf, "Rotary vane variable power divider", European Patent, No. 0641036A1, August 1994). In the above structures, a circular waveguide needs to be introduced and the longitudinal length of the structure is relatively long. In the same year, Italian Roberto Mizzoni et al. used a planar structure similar to a microstrip line to achieve the required function by cascading four 3dB hybrid circuits (similar to a 3dB bridge in a waveguide structure). Advantages of high bandwidth, but very limited power capacity (refer to R. Mizzoni, R. Ravanelli, "Planar variable power divider", United States Patent, No. 5473294, December 1995).

After the 21st century, a variety of new structures and methods emerge in an endless stream, but they remain the same. In terms of structures similar to microstrip lines or striplines, in 2006, Ronald Runyon from EMS Technology Corporation of the United States introduced several topological structures of variable power dividers in principle, and introduced several types of applications with examples. Design steps and principles of a variable power divider similar to a flat microstrip line (refer to Ronald L. Runyon, "Variable Power Divider", publication number: CN 1720636A). In 2012 and 2018, both Senad Bulja and He Zhu used variable capacitors in the microstrip line structure to achieve variable power division in the 2.5GHz and 1.4GHz bands respectively (refer to S. Bulja, A. Grebennikov, "A novel variable power divider with continuous power division",Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,Vol.55,No.7,July 2013; H.Zhu,A.M.Abbosh,L.Guo,"Planar in-phase filtering powerdivider with tunable power division and controllable band for wireless communication system", IEEE Trans. on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 8, No. 8, August 2018). In China, Shen Yongchun, Wang Wei, etc. used variable capacitance and variable short-circuit length to achieve phase shift respectively, thus realizing variable power division ratio in stripline structure (refer to Shen Yongchun et al., "A Variable Power Divider", utility model patent of CN 205303636 U; Wang Wei, "A Novel Power Divider Design", Proceedings of the National Microwave and Millimeter Wave Conference, Chengdu, China, pp.373-375, 2001) . However, the power capacity of microstrip and stripline structures is limited and cannot be used in high-power environments.

In the waveguide structure, in 2001, Rolf Kich et al. in the United States changed the rectangular waveguide structure at both ends to single-ended, and added a short-circuit surface at the other end of the circular waveguide to solve the problem of the long longitudinal length of the structure. To achieve microwave phase shift, so as to achieve variable power division ratio output. Since the rectangular waveguide at one end is cancelled and reflection is used instead of transmission, the longitudinal length of the overall structure is successfully shortened (refer to R.Kich, J.M.Barker, "Reflective waveguide variable power divider/combiner", United States Patent, No.US 6181221B1, January2001), but still requires the use of circular waveguides. In 2002, Hughes Airlines in the United States proposed a transmission-based waveguide variable power splitter, which is all composed of rectangular waveguides. Variable power divider ratio (cf. R. Ihmels, C. Trammell, "variable power divider/combiner", United States Patent, No. US6377133B1, April 2002). Also using ferrite to achieve variable power division ratio is the structure proposed by Adam Kroening in the United States in 2017. Using a three-terminal junction circulator, the time ratio of the ferrite in the circulator in different magnetization directions is controlled by a pulse signal. , that is, to control the time ratio of different ring directions of the circulator, so that the two output ends of the circulator each occupy part of the time of the output power, which is essentially the time-sharing use of microwave power, not the variable power division in the true sense (refer to U.S. Patent Documents "Three-port variable powerdivider", No. US 2017/0054193A1). The use of the ferrite material in the above structure increases the difficulty of being used in a high-vacuum environment, and also limits its power capacity and cannot be applied in a high-power environment.

In the structure that neither circular waveguide nor ferrite material is used, George Harris of the United States proposed a rectangular waveguide three-port variable power divider in 2006. The metal matching columns of the three ports realize impedance matching. The length of the metal probe in the middle of the waveguide broadside of the two output ports protrudes into the waveguide to adjust the microwave power ratio obtained by the two output ports (refer to "Apparatus and method for in-process high power variable powerdivision", No.US 2006/ 0006959A1). Zhang Hongtao et al. proposed a broadband waveguide variable power splitter in 2012. Both the input and the output use a coaxial structure. In the rectangular waveguide, the mutual conversion between the coaxial and the waveguide is realized through a metal step, and the two coaxial connectors at the output end. The spacing is unchanged and can be moved along the broad side of the waveguide, so as to realize a variable power division ratio (refer to the utility model patent document of "a broadband waveguide variable power divider", publication number CN 202121047 U). However, in the above two structures, the metal probe limits the power capacity and the coaxial joint increases the structural complexity.

From the research of variable power dividers at home and abroad, whether it is to use variable capacitors in similar microstrip lines, or to introduce adjustable mechanical parts in the waveguide structure, or to change the bias magnetic field value of ferrite materials , the purpose is to phase shift the microwave power. Therefore, the core of realizing the variable waveguide power splitter is to realize the waveguide phase shifter with simple structure, stable operation, high transmission efficiency, large power capacity and can be used in high vacuum environment. The tuning mechanism is partially implemented, so that the phase shift can be accomplished while the waveguide is being transmitted without adding additional ports.

In the aspect of waveguide phase shifters, extensive research has also been carried out at home and abroad, and the implementation methods are mainly divided into the following categories: First, the waveguide phase shifters are designed based on circular polarizers. Circular polarizers are used for rectangular waveguides and circular polarizers. The conversion between waveguides consists of two rectangular waveguide ports and a circular waveguide port. When used as a waveguide phase shifter, input from one end of the rectangular waveguide, the microwave power will be transmitted to the circular waveguide, and its output end will be short-circuited, then Because the short-circuit surface changes the polarization direction of the circularly polarized wave, the reflected microwave power will be transmitted to another rectangular waveguide port for output. By using a movable short-circuit piston in the circular waveguide, the microwave phase can be changed, and the waveguide can be shifted. The role of the phase shifter (refer to L.T.Guo, C.Chao, W.H.Huang, "Design of a novel phase shifter for high power microwave applications", Proceedings of IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Beijing, China, April 2015; and the name "A compact phase shifter" High Power Capacity Waveguide Phase Shifter and Waveguide Phase Shifting Method", Patent Document of Publication No. CN 109818114 A).

The second is the waveguide phase shifter realized by using the characteristics of the four-port device such as the 3dB bridge, because the microwave power at the two output ends of the 3dB bridge is always equal in amplitude and has a phase difference of 90°. Because the difference of 180° is canceled, the microwaves reflected to the original isolation end (the fourth port) will be superimposed in phase. Therefore, it is only necessary to use a movable short-circuit piston or a metal column to reflect the power at the two output ports to realize the waveguide phase shifter. Functionality (References LPLopez, JLMasa-Campos, ^JARuiz -Cruz, "Design of a reconfigurable rectangular waveguide phase shifter with metallic posts", Proceedings of the 47th European Microwave Conference, Nuremberg, Germany, October, 2017).

In addition, by changing the size of the waveguide itself or the method of partially filling the medium in the waveguide, the propagation constant of the internal microwave is changed, so as to realize the phase shift. Other methods that can achieve microwave phase shift in the waveguide include: introducing a stretchable metal structure along the axis in the center of the broad side inside the waveguide, or introducing a ferrite material inside the waveguide, and even by laying the inner wall of the waveguide with the waveguide. The method of changing the resistance of the photosensitive material with good wall contact by light, and then changing the propagation constant of the microwave to achieve the phase shift.

However, none of the above methods can meet the demand for variable waveguide power splitters: circular polarizers and 3dB bridges are used as waveguide phase shifters, although they can meet the requirements of high power and high vacuum environment and transmission efficiency, but the introduction of additional ports resulting in increased structural complexity. Changing the size of the waveguide itself or partially filling the waveguide with a medium increases the processing complexity of the waveguide and reduces the working stability, while the expansion and contraction metal structure added in the center of the broad side inside the waveguide requires a lot of longitudinal space, which also limits its performance. application. As for methods such as ferrite or photosensitive materials, it is directly contrary to the application requirements of high-power and high-vacuum environments.

Liao Yong et al. proposed a high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifter operating at 9.4GHz in the X-band. The 360° phase shift was successfully achieved by introducing a metal sheet into the sidewall of the waveguide and moving in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide. And the transmission efficiency and power capacity also meet the requirements, which is a feasible solution (refer to Liao Yong, Xie Ping, Xu Gang, etc., "Design and Characteristic Analysis of a High-Power Microwave Metal Sheet Waveguide Phase Shifter", Intense Laser and Particle Beam, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 2015).

For any power ratio waveguide power splitter, according to research, no design can be found for high-power and high-vacuum environments. The more mature waveguide switches that can be used in high-power and high-vacuum environments are not only expensive and high maintenance costs, but also can only realize the on-off of two microwave powers, and cannot achieve any power ratio, that is, the power of two microwave powers cannot be realized. than adjustable.

For any power ratio waveguide power combiner, no similar idea or design has been found, especially the idea or design that can be used in a high-power and high-vacuum environment and focuses on the recovery of microwave power at the end of the accelerator, which is completely blank.

Therefore, on the one hand, the present invention can solve the synthesis and recycling of two-way microwave power with any power ratio (multiplexing can be cascaded), and on the other hand, it can also satisfy the requirement that a single-channel microwave source is allocated to two-way microwave devices at any ratio. The demand (more microwave devices can be divided into multiple stages), in either case, is of great significance for saving construction and operating costs in accelerators in high-power and high-vacuum environments. At the same time, it also solves the shortcomings that the prior art does not involve or the use environment and use method are not suitable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution and synthesis method and a distribution and combiner. The invention can not only solve the recovery and utilization of the microwave power at the end of the accelerator (arbitrary power ratio waveguide power combiner), but also solve the arbitrary proportion distribution of the microwave power of a single microwave source (arbitrary power ratio power divider), both of which are The technical problems of reducing the construction and operation cost of the accelerator, energy saving and emission reduction can be solved, and the present invention can be used in a high-power and high-vacuum environment.

As a commonly used four-port microwave component, the Magic T has the characteristics of good matching, counterpart isolation and power equalization. It is an ideal choice for realizing arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution and combiners. By dividing the single-channel microwave power equally, controlling the phase difference of the two-channel power, and then inputting it to the two ports of the Magic T, the output of any power ratio of the other two ports of the Magic T can be realized, which is the power ratio of any power. device. For the microwave power input to the Magic T with any power ratio of the two channels, by controlling the phase difference, the equal-amplitude outputs (different phases) of the other two ports of the Magic T can be realized, and then the two outputs are adjusted to be in the same phase. Ordinary equal power combiner is an arbitrary power ratio waveguide power combiner.

The technical scheme of the present invention is:

An arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution method, the steps of which include:

1) Divide one microwave power into two equal-amplitude and in-phase microwave power signals, and phase-shift one of the microwave power signals; make the two microwave power signals have the same amplitude and have a phase difference of kπ+θ, θ=0 ～180°, k is an integer;

2) Input the microwave power signal processed in step 1) into the third port of the Magic T, and input another microwave power signal into the fourth port of the Magic T, and realize any power ratio output at the first port and the second port of the Magic T. ; wherein the magic T includes a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power.

An arbitrary power ratio waveguide power divider for high power and high vacuum, characterized in that it includes an equal power divider, two phase shifters and a magic T; the magic T includes a first port for outputting microwave power, a second port, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; wherein,

The equal power divider is used to distribute the input single-channel microwave power in equal proportions, and output two microwave power signals of equal amplitude and phase;

One end of the first phase shifter is connected to an output end of the equal power divider via a waveguide, and the other end of the first phase shifter is connected to the third port of the magic T via a waveguide, for connecting the equal power divider One microwave power signal output by the power divider is phase-shifted and input to the third port; one end of the second phase shifter is connected to the other output end of the equal power divider through a waveguide, and the other end of the second phase shifter is connected to the other output end of the equal power divider. Connected to the fourth port of the magic T via the waveguide, and used to shift the phase of another microwave power signal output by the equal power divider and input it to the fourth port;

The microwave power signal output after passing through the first phase shifter and the microwave power signal output after passing through the second phase shifter have the same amplitude and have a phase difference of kπ+θ, θ=0～180°, so as to realize the output of the first port The power ratio of is continuously variable between 100% and 0%, and k is an integer.

further,

Further, the phase adjustment range of the phase shifter is 0-180°.

Further, the waveguide is an H-bend waveguide.

An arbitrary power ratio waveguide power synthesis method, the steps of which include:

移相θ后输入魔T的第三端口，将一路微波为

输入魔T的第四端口；其中，E₁、E₂代表微波幅值，

代表微波相位；

θ为第三端口与第四端口的输入微波相位差，且满足cosθ≡0；其中魔T包括用于输出微波功率的第一端口、第二端口，以及用于接收输入微波功率的第三端口、第四端口；1) Put all the way to microwave

After shifting the phase by θ, input the third port of the magic T, and convert one microwave to

Input the fourth port of the magic T; among them, E ₁ and E ₂ represent the microwave amplitude,

represents the microwave phase;

θ is the input microwave phase difference between the third port and the fourth port, and satisfies cosθ≡0; the magic T includes a first port, a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port for receiving input microwave power , the fourth port;

2) Input the output of the first port of the magic T into one input of the equal power synthesizer, input the output of the second port of the magic T into another input of the equal power synthesizer; After the output of the two ports is phase-shifted, it is input to one input of the equal power combiner, and the output of the first port of the magic T is input to the other input of the equal power combiner; to complete the synthesis of two microwave powers with any input power ratio .

Further, the phase shifter used for phase shifting is a waveguide phase shifter that can work in a high-power and high-vacuum environment, including but not limited to a 3dB bridge phase shifter, a circular polarizer type phase shifter or a high-power microwave metal Chip waveguide phase shifter.

An arbitrary power ratio waveguide power combiner for high power and high vacuum, characterized in that it includes an equal power combiner and a magic T; the magic T includes a first port for outputting microwave power, a second port, and The third port and the fourth port for receiving input microwave power; wherein, the third port and or the input end of the fourth port of the magic T is equipped with a phase shifter, which is used to adjust the phase difference of the input microwave, so that the first The input microwave phase difference θ of the third port and the fourth port satisfies cosθ≡0; the first port of the magic T is connected to an input end of the equal power combiner through a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, and the magic T is connected to an input end of the equal power combiner. The second port of the T is connected to the other input end of the equal power combiner through a transmission waveguide, or the first port of the magic T is connected to an input end of the equal power combiner through a transmission waveguide, and the magic T is connected to an input end of the equal power combiner through a transmission waveguide. The second port of T is connected to the other input end of the equal power combiner via a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, and the second phase shifter is used to adjust the input microwave power signal of the equal power combiner, so that The two input microwave power signals respectively arrive at the input end of the equal power combiner in a state of equal amplitude and phase; the output end of the equal power combiner is used as the output port of the waveguide power combiner with any power ratio.

The present invention has the following several characteristics:

1. With the magic T as the core, combined with the equal power divider (referred to as the equal power divider), the phase shifter, etc., it has pioneered the realization of any power ratio waveguide power distribution and combiner in principle (the equal power combiner and the equal power combiner). The power divider is the same device);

2. In the theoretical derivation, the feasibility of the waveguide power distribution and combiner with arbitrary power ratio is proved pioneeringly, and the realization principle and model diagram of the two are given;

3. From the theoretical derivation, to the computer simulation verification, to the prototype microwave low-power test, all of them have pioneered the feasibility of any power ratio power divider. The power ratio curve of one of the output ports obtained by the three is basically the same. .

Compared with the prior art, the effect of the present invention is:

The invention starts from theoretical derivation, and goes through computer simulation verification and sample low-power test to prove its feasibility, and can be used in a waveguide system to solve any power division of single-channel microwave power, or any power ratio of two-channel microwave power. synthesis problem. The former can save the power source, and the latter can realize the recovery and utilization of the microwave power at the end of the accelerator.

The advantage is that it can solve the technical problems of reducing the cost of accelerator construction and operation, energy saving and emission reduction, and conforms to the policy orientation and technological development trend.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the technical scheme realization process diagram of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the magic T structure;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide power combiner for any input power ratio;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an arbitrary power ratio power divider;

Figure 5 is a simulation model diagram of an arbitrary power ratio power divider;

6 is a model diagram of a waveguide power combiner for any input power ratio;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the power division ratio and the position of the phase shifter.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution, synthesis method and distribution, and the entire technical solution process of the synthesizer for high-power and high-vacuum are shown in Figure 1. It mainly goes through the links of theoretical formula derivation → computer simulation verification → sample low-power test and so on. , which will be elaborated step by step below. Considering the application, the design is made for 2.856GHz.

a) Theoretical formula derivation

The ports of the magic T shown in Figure 2 are defined as follows: the left and right sides are defined as the third port and the fourth port, which are used to receive the input microwave power. The ports on the front end and the upper part are defined as the first port and the second port, which are used for outputting microwave power.

第四端口输入微波为

其中，E₁代表第三端口的输入微波幅值、

代表第三端口的输入微波相位、E₂代表第四端口的输入微波幅值、

代表第四端口的输入微波相位，则因为第一端口输出等于第三端口与第四端口的矢量和，第二端口输出等于第三端口与第四端口的矢量差，有下式：Assume that the microwave input to the third port is

The input microwave of the fourth port is

Among them, E ₁ represents the input microwave amplitude of the third port,

represents the input microwave phase of the third port, E ₂ represents the input microwave amplitude of the fourth port,

represents the input microwave phase of the fourth port, because the output of the first port is equal to the vector sum of the third port and the fourth port, and the output of the second port is equal to the vector difference between the third port and the fourth port, there is the following formula:

If E ₂ =αE ₁ , where α∈(0,+∞), and let E ₁ =1.

θ为第三端口与第四端口的输入微波相位差，则式(1)和(2)变为：At the same time order

θ is the input microwave phase difference between the third port and the fourth port, then equations (1) and (2) become:

Use the auxiliary angle formula to find the modulo values of equations (3) and (4) and make them equal, then we have

Equation (5) can be simplified to:

α×cosθ=-α×cosθ, α∈(0,+∞) (6)

The condition for formula (6) to be constant is cosθ≡0, that is, θ=90° or 270°.

均可实现第一端口与第二端口永远的1:1功分(不同相)输出。随后只需对其中任何一路移相后，再配合一个等功率合成器，即可完成对任意输入功率比的两路微波功率的合成与回收再利用。因此，针对任意输入功率比的波导功率合成器，其实现框图如图3所示。This means: when cosθ≡0, that is, θ=90° or 270°, for any input power ratio between the third port and the fourth port

Both can realize the permanent 1:1 power division (out of phase) output of the first port and the second port. Then, it is only necessary to shift the phase of any one of them, and then cooperate with an equal power combiner to complete the synthesis and recycling of the two microwave powers with any input power ratio. Therefore, for the waveguide power combiner with any input power ratio, its implementation block diagram is shown in Figure 3.

将其代入式(3)和(4)并使用辅助角公式求模值并化简，则第一端口与第二端口的输出微波功率幅值之比为：From the derivation process of the above arbitrary power combiner, it is not difficult to find that if the input microwave power amplitudes of the third port and the fourth port are equal, there is only one phase difference θ, namely: E ₂ =αE ₁ , (α=1) and

Substitute it into equations (3) and (4) and use the auxiliary angle formula to calculate the modulus value and simplify, then the ratio of the output microwave power amplitude of the first port to the second port is:

It is not difficult to see that when θ∈(0,π), the value range of formula (7) is (+∞,0), that is, if an equal power divider is used to divide the microwave power of one channel into equal amplitude and in-phase output, then It is only necessary to perform a phase shift within 180° on one of the channels, and then input two microwaves of equal amplitude and different phases into the third and fourth ports of the Magic T, and then any power can be achieved at the first and second ports of the Magic T. The ratio output means that the arbitrary proportional distribution of the single-channel microwave power is realized. The block diagram of its realization is shown in Figure 4.

b) Computer simulation verification

It can be seen from the "Theoretical formula derivation" section: because the equal power divider and the equal power combiner are essentially the same device, the microwave waveguide device used by the arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution and combiner in the realization of power distribution and combination is completely It is the same, but there are subtle differences in the overall structure of the specific implementation. Therefore, "computer simulation verification" is only carried out for any power ratio power divider.

According to the architecture shown in Figure 4 above, after the equal power divider, phase shifter and magic T are optimized and designed respectively, they are combined and simulated in computer software. The results show that when the phase shifter can successfully achieve a phase shift of 0 to 180°, the two output ports of the magic T can successfully achieve any continuous adjustment of the output power ratio. That is, for any one of the two output ends of the Magic T, the ratio of its output power to the total output power can be continuously variable from 0% to 100%.

The computer simulation of the overall power divider with any power ratio is shown in Figure 5. From left to right, there are equal power dividers and two phase shifters (the one proposed by Liao Yong et al. The high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifter in the band of 9.4GHz is called "high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifter", and traditional phase shifters can also be used) and magic T (the upper phase shifter hides the waveguide part) , it is convenient to see the phase shifter structure inside). Considering the insertion loss and reflected wave of the phase shifter itself, in order to ensure that the states of the two channels are as equal as possible (not because only one channel has a phase shifter, which causes inconsistencies in the transmission attenuation of the two channels, it is impossible to guarantee the strict equal amplitude when reaching the magic T input end) , Phase shifters are configured on both outputs of the equal power divider, but only one of them is phase-shifted.

In the structure shown in Figure 5, the equal power divider distributes the input single-channel microwave power in equal proportions, that is, after the single-channel microwave power passes through the equal power divider, it becomes two equal-amplitude (the amplitudes are both of this single-channel microwave power). Half of the microwave input power) microwave power output in phase. The H-bend waveguide only has the function of connecting each waveguide device and allowing microwaves to pass through it, and has no other special functions. The two channels of equal-amplitude and in-phase microwaves output from the equal-power divider are transmitted to the input ends of two "high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifters" through the H-bend waveguide, and then the phase shifters are phase-shifted and output. The phase shifter designed in this example can realize the phase shift of the passing microwave phase in the range of 0 to 180°. As mentioned above, only one of the phase shifters needs to be used to shift the phase of one of the microwaves, and the other phase shifter does not change (does not change the position of the phase shifter). In this example, the upper phase shifter is used to perform phase shifting. Phase shift, the lower phase shifter does not move, that is, only the phase of the upper microwave after power division is changed, and the phase of the lower microwave remains unchanged. Then, the two equal-amplitude and out-of-phase microwaves after passing through the two phase shifters are transmitted by the other two H-bend waveguides to the input end of the magic T (the third port and the fourth port in Figure 2), and are transmitted by the magic T The output terminals (the first port and the second port in FIG. 2 ) can output any power ratio, and the specific power ratio depends on how much the phase of the upstream microwave is shifted. Theoretically, if the phase of the added microwave is not changed, that is, the two microwaves are input to the magic T with equal amplitude and phase (phase difference of 0°), then all the power will be output by the first port (equivalent to 100% of the power output by the first port). ); if the upper microwave is phase-shifted by 180°, that is, the two microwaves are input to the magic T with equal amplitude and opposite phase (phase difference of 180°), then all the power is output by the second port (equivalent to the proportion of the power output by the first port). 0%). By controlling the phase shift of the upstream microwave to be continuously variable in the range of 0 to 180°, the power ratio of the output of the first port can be continuously variable between 100% and 0%, which is equivalent to the equal power divider. The single-channel input microwave power at the input end realizes any power ratio power division between the first port and the second port of the Magic T. The above whole constitutes an arbitrary power ratio power divider.

As mentioned above, the power distribution and combination of the arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution and combination are only slightly different in the overall structure (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 for details). Therefore, based on the design example of FIG. 5 , a waveguide power combiner that satisfies any power ratio can be easily designed, and its model diagram is shown in FIG. 6 .

In Figure 6, from right to left are the magic T (the input end of the third port and the fourth port are equipped with phase shifters), the transmission waveguide (including the straight waveguide, the H-curved waveguide, the E-curved waveguide and the twisted waveguide), two Phase shifter (can use a high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifter working in the X-band 9.4GHz proposed by Liao Yong et al., which is called "high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifter", or can use traditional shifter. phaser) and equal power combiners. Among them, the upper phase shifter hides the waveguide part, so that the internal phase shifter structure can be easily seen.

In the structure shown in Figure 6, two microwave powers with arbitrary power amplitude and initial phase are input from the third port and the fourth port, and then the phase shifters equipped at the input ends of the third port and the fourth port are used to adjust one of the microwave powers. Perform phase shifting (for any phase shifting), so that the phase difference between the two microwave input powers becomes 90° or 270° (the amplitude remains unchanged). After passing through the magic T, the second port (the upper port) and the first port (the lower right port) of the magic T output two microwave powers of equal amplitude and different phases. The power output from the second port is transmitted to the input end of the lower phase shifter via a straight waveguide, an H-curved waveguide, a twisted waveguide, and an E-curved waveguide. The above-mentioned transmission waveguides only play the role of microwave transmission and have no other special functions; The power output from the first port is transmitted to the input end of the upper phase shifter via an H-bend waveguide, an E-bend waveguide, a straight waveguide, and the like. Then one of the microwave powers is phase-shifted by the lower or upper phase shifter, so that after passing through the two phase shifters, the two microwave powers arrive at the left input end of the equal power combiner in a state of equal amplitude and phase respectively ( The output of the lower phase shifter) and the right input terminal (the output of the upper phase shifter), and through the equal power combiner, the final two-way microwave power synthesis is completed and output at the output terminal. The above whole constitutes a waveguide power combiner for any input power ratio.

It is well known that high vacuum environment is the basis for realizing high power microwave transmission (high vacuum can increase the breakdown threshold compared with atmospheric environment, thereby allowing higher power microwaves to pass through), and the application of the present invention in high vacuum environment is achieved by stainless steel yin-yang method Lan docking is realized. This stainless steel yin and yang flange is a common knife-edge stepped structure. By placing a copper gasket in the middle of the yin and yang flange and pressing its deformation from the step to achieve vacuum sealing, it can be used in high-power and high-vacuum applications. In the design examples shown in Figures 5 and 6, stainless steel female flanges are used at the input end of each waveguide device, and male flanges are used at the output end. High vacuum environment is realized inside. On the other hand, to achieve high-power environment applications, it is required that the maximum electric field strength inside all waveguide devices cannot exceed the breakdown threshold. to guarantee.

c) Sample low power test

For the simulation model shown in Figure 5, processing and microwave low-power tests were carried out.

The test results show that: by adjusting the phase shifter of one of the branches, at the two output ports of the magic T, any continuous adjustment of the output power ratio can be successfully achieved.

For any power ratio power divider, formulas (3) and (4) are programmed into matlab, and the theoretical curve of the power division ratio and the position of the phase shifter (equivalent to the amount of phase shift) is drawn, and it is compared with the computer simulation and low power The corresponding curves of the tests are compared and shown in Figure 7.

As can be seen from Figure 7, in the three stages of theoretical derivation, simulation verification, and sample testing, continuous adjustment of the output power ratio close to linear can be achieved. precision. In general, the present invention has been verified in three stages and is feasible.

The relationship curve between the power division ratio and the position of the phase shifter shown in Figure 7 can be used to guide the realization of a specific required power division ratio. The control flow is: for a specific required power division ratio, in the vertical direction of Figure 7 Find the corresponding ratio point in the coordinates, draw a line parallel to the abscissa through this point, and intersect the test result curve at a certain point, then continue to draw a line parallel to the ordinate through this intersection point, and the intersection with the horizontal axis is the scale. should be in position. By adjusting the scale to the position of the scale value through the adjustment mechanism, a specific required power division ratio can be achieved. The whole process only needs to control and change the position of the scale according to Figure 7, that is, to change the position of the phase shifter in Figure 5, that is, to change the microwave phase of a certain path, to achieve the required specific power division ratio.

To put it simply, for the single-channel input power at the input end of the medium power divider in Figure 5, it is only necessary to propose a specific power division ratio value, and then find the corresponding position of the scale of the phase shifter through the curve in Figure 7, and set the scale. By adjusting the ruler (ie the phase shifter) to this position, the output of the specific power division ratio can be realized at the first port and the second port of the magic T in FIG. 5 .

In the present invention, the phase shifter can also be replaced with other structures, such as a 3dB bridge phase shifter, a circular polarizer type phase shifter, etc. The equal power divider and the magic T can also adopt different structures, but neither affects The realization principle and structure of the present invention.

The above content is a further detailed description of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present application is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application pertains, without departing from the inventive concept of the present application, some simple deductions or substitutions can also be made.

Claims (8)

1. An arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution method, comprising the steps of:

1) equally dividing one path of microwave power into two paths of microwave power signals with equal amplitude and same phase, and performing phase shift on one path of microwave power signal; the two paths of microwave power signals have the same amplitude and have a phase difference of k pi + theta, theta is 0-180 degrees, and k is an integer;

2) inputting one path of microwave power signal processed in the step 1) into a third port of the magic T, inputting the other path of microwave power signal into a fourth port of the magic T, and realizing output of any power ratio at the first port and the second port of the magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; wherein

2. The waveguide power divider with any power ratio for high power and high vacuum is characterized by comprising an equal power divider, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter and a magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; wherein,

the equal-power distributor is used for carrying out equal-proportion distribution on the input single-path microwave power and outputting two paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase microwave power signals;

one end of the first phase shifter is connected with one output end of the equal-power distributor through a waveguide, and the other end of the first phase shifter is connected with the third port of the magic T through a waveguide and used for shifting the phase of one path of microwave power signal output by the equal-power distributor and then inputting the microwave power signal into the third port; one end of the second phase shifter is connected with the other output end of the equal-power distributor through a waveguide, and the other end of the second phase shifter is connected with the fourth port of the magic T through a waveguide and used for shifting the phase of the other path of microwave power signal output by the equal-power distributor and inputting the shifted signal to the fourth port;

wherein

The microwave power signal output after passing through the first phase shifter and the microwave power signal output after passing through the second phase shifter have the same amplitude and have the phase difference of k pi + theta, wherein theta is 0-180 degrees, so that the power proportion output by the first port is continuously variable between 100% and 0%, and k is an integer.

3. The arbitrary power ratio waveguide power divider of claim 2, wherein the phase adjustment ranges of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are both 0-180 °.

4. The arbitrary power ratio waveguide power splitter of claim 2 or 3 wherein the waveguide is an H-bend waveguide.

5. A method for synthesizing waveguide power with any power ratio comprises the following steps:

1) one path of microwave

Phase-shifted theta, and inputting into the third port of magic T to obtain phase-shifted theta

A fourth port of the input magic T; wherein E is₁、E₂Which is representative of the amplitude of the microwaves,

represents the microwave phase;

theta is the phase difference of the input microwaves of the third port and the fourth port, and the cos theta is equal to 0; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power;

2) the output of the first port of the magic T is input into one input end of the equal power synthesizer after being phase-shifted, and the output of the second port of the magic T is input into the other input end of the equal power synthesizer; or the output of the second port of the magic T is input into one input end of the equipower combiner after being subjected to phase shifting, and the output of the first port of the magic T is input into the other input end of the equipower combiner; and the synthesis of two paths of microwave power with any input power ratio is completed.

6. The method for arbitrary power ratio waveguide power synthesis as claimed in claim 5 wherein the phase shifter for phase shifting is a waveguide phase shifter operable in a high power high vacuum environment, including but not limited to a 3dB bridge phase shifter, a circular polarizer type phase shifter or a high power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifter.

7. A waveguide power combiner with any power ratio for high power and high vacuum is characterized by comprising an equipower combiner and a magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; the input end of the third port and/or the fourth port of the magic T is provided with a phase shifter for adjusting the phase difference of input microwaves, so that the phase difference theta of the input microwaves of the third port and the fourth port meets cos theta ≡ 0; the first port of the magic T is connected with one input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, the second port of the magic T is connected with the other input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide, or the first port of the magic T is connected with one input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide, the second port of the magic T is connected with the other input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, and the second phase shifter is used for adjusting input microwave power signals of the equipower synthesizer, so that the two paths of input microwave power signals respectively reach the input end of the equipower synthesizer in a state of equal amplitude and same phase; and the output end of the equal-power combiner is used as the output port of the waveguide power combiner with any power ratio.

8. The arbitrary power ratio waveguide power combiner of claim 7 wherein the phase shifter and the second phase shifter are waveguide phase shifters operable in a high power high vacuum environment, including but not limited to 3dB bridge phase shifters, circular polarizer phase shifters, or high power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifters.

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