CN112909469B - Waveguide power distribution and synthesis method with arbitrary power ratio and distribution and synthesis device - Google Patents
Waveguide power distribution and synthesis method with arbitrary power ratio and distribution and synthesis device Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waveguide power distribution and synthesis method with any power ratio and a distribution and synthesis device. The invention relates to a waveguide power distribution method with any power ratio, which comprises the following steps: 1) equally dividing one path of microwave power into two paths of microwave power signals with equal amplitude and same phase, and performing phase shift on one path of microwave power signal; the two paths of microwave power signals have the same amplitude and have phase difference of k pi + theta; 2) inputting one path of microwave power signal processed in the step 1) into a third port of the magic T, inputting the other path of microwave power signal into a fourth port of the magic T, and realizing output of any power ratio at the first port and the second port of the magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power. The invention can not only solve the recycling of the microwave power at the tail end in the accelerator, but also solve the arbitrary proportion distribution of the microwave power of a single microwave source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a waveguide power distribution and synthesis method and a waveguide power distribution and synthesis device with any power ratio for high power and high vacuum, and belongs to the technical field of accelerators.
Background
Charged particle energy in a particle accelerator is derived from an accelerating electric field, while a klystron is typically used as the microwave power source for the accelerator. At present, taking an S-band klystron as an example, the output peak power of the klystron is generally tens of megawatts, and according to the requirements of different accelerators, the power of the klystron is provided to a plurality of accelerating tubes through a microwave transmission system (a high-power high-vacuum environment generally adopts a waveguide) to boost the energy of charged particles passing through the accelerating tubes. The microwave power which is not used for accelerating the charged particles in the accelerating tube is absorbed by the dry load at the output end, converted into heat and taken away by constant-temperature water. The current mainstream accelerating tube can use about 2/3 of the input power, and the rest 1/3 is absorbed by the dry load at the output end, which means that the microwave power which is not effectively used by each klystron is about 1/3. As is known, the procurement and operation costs of the klystrons are considerable, and a considerable proportion of the construction and operation costs of the accelerator is also present, if 1/3 microwave power which is not effectively utilized can be recycled, the number of required klystrons can be reduced by about 1/4. And meanwhile, the dry load with relatively high cost in a waveguide device is not needed, and the waveguide is a passive device, so that the cost is low, the service life is long, and extra maintenance is not needed. In conclusion, the recycling of the microwave power at the output end of the accelerating tube can effectively reduce the construction and operation costs of the accelerator, and accords with the national policy guidance for reducing energy consumption.
The microwave power recycling device solves the problem of recycling microwave power at the output end of the accelerating tube, mainly transmits the power to a certain position through a waveguide, and then synthesizes two paths of microwave power (the multipath synthesis can be cascaded). In other applications, it is desirable that a single microwave power can be simultaneously distributed to two devices in any proportion according to requirements, and the two power can be continuously variable between 0 and 1 (0 means no power in the single microwave power, and 1 means that the single microwave power occupies all the power, but the sum of the two power does not exceed 1), which is essentially to realize any power ratio output of the single microwave power. Because of the reciprocity of the waveguide devices, the design methods of both are the same.
The waveguide power combiner with any power ratio has not seen a mature design scheme at present, but the international research on the power divider (not necessarily a waveguide structure) with any power ratio has a certain history, and as mentioned above, due to the reciprocity of the waveguide devices, the design methods of the waveguide power combiner and the waveguide power divider are essentially the same.
As early as 1975, l.j. ricardi has conducted theoretical analysis of the Error of a variable power divider composed of a magic T, a 3dB bridge and two ferrite phase shifters (refer to l.j. ricardi, "Error analysis of a variable-power divider", Technical Note of Massachusetts Institute of Technology of linear Laboratory, June 1975). In the eighties of the 20 th century, Nathaniel Cohen et al in the United States proposed that rectangular waveguides corresponding to vertical and horizontal polarized electric fields were respectively disposed at both ends of a segment of circular waveguide, the rectangular waveguides at both ends were disposed at 45 ° along the axis, and that microwave power input at one end was shifted to a certain phase by sequentially rotating metal thin strips disposed along the axis at the same angle, and arbitrary power division ratio output was achieved at two output ports at the other end (refer to n.l. Cohen, a.d. ergene, "Variable power divider", United States Patent, No.4755777, July 1988); in 1995, hous airlines in the united states adopted a structure in a similar technology except that a plurality of metal disks with equal spacing were used in a circular waveguide instead of a metal thin strip, and the phase shift amount of microwaves was controlled by the depth of insertion of the disks into the circular waveguide (refer to k.rolf, "Rotary variable power divider", European Patent, No.0641036A1, August 1994). In the above structures, the circular waveguide needs to be introduced and the longitudinal length of the structure is long. Roberto mzzoni et al, italy, of the same year, achieves the desired functionality by cascading 4 3dB hybrids (similar to 3dB bridges in a waveguide structure) using a Planar structure similar to a microstrip line, which has the advantages of easy integration, low loss, high bandwidth, but very limited power capacity (see r.mzzoni, r.ravanelli, "Planar variable power divider", United States Patent, No.5473294, December 1995).
After the 21 st century, various new structures and methods are developed, but the structures are changed from the original ones. In terms of structures similar to microstrip lines or strip lines, lenard-lunien of american EMS technologies, 2006, introduced, in principle, several topological structures of the variable power divider, and exemplified, the design steps and principles of several variable power dividers for use in scenarios similar to planar microstrip lines (refer to lenard, l. In 2012 and 2018, both Senad Bulja and He Zhu use variable capacitors in microstrip line structures to achieve variable power division in 2.5GHz and 1.4GHz bands, respectively (refer to S.Bulja, A.Greennikov, "A novel variable power divider with connected power divider", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol.55, No.7, July 2013, H.Zhu, A.M.Abboot, L.Guo, "Planar in-phase filter power divider with connected power divider and connected for wireless communication system", IEEE. on Components, networking, and Technology, 2018, Vol.8). In China, Shenpengchun, Wangwei and the like respectively utilize a variable capacitor and a variable short-circuit section length to realize phase shift, thereby realizing variable power division ratio in a strip line structure (refer to Shenpengchun and the like, a variable power divider, a utility model of CN 205303636U; Wangwei, a novel power divider design, a national microwave and millimeter wave conference discourse collection, the formation, China, pp.373-375,2001 years). However, the power capacity of the microstrip line and the stripline structure is limited, and thus the microstrip line and stripline structure cannot be applied to a high-power environment.
In the waveguide structure, for the problem of long longitudinal length of the structure, in 2001, by the aid of Rolf Kich et al in the United states, a rectangular waveguide structure at two ends is changed into a single end, a short circuit surface is added at the other end of a circular waveguide, microwave phase shift is realized in the circular waveguide through a slow wave structure, and accordingly variable power division ratio output is realized. Shortening the longitudinal length of the overall structure is successfully achieved by eliminating a rectangular waveguide at one end and using reflection instead of transmission (see r.kich, j.m. barker, "Reflective waveguide variable power divider/combiner", United States Patent, No. us 6181221B1, January 2001), but still requires the use of a circular waveguide. Houss airlines in the us in 2002 proposed a transmission-based waveguide variable power divider, which is composed entirely of rectangular waveguides, and which achieves a variable power division ratio by changing the bias magnetic field values of two vertically disposed ferrites in the middle rectangular waveguide to achieve a phase shift (refer to r.ihmels, c.trammel, "variable power divider/combiner," United States Patent, No. us6377133b1, April 2002). Also, in 2017, a structure proposed by Adam Kroening of the U.S. is used to realize a variable power ratio by ferrite, and a Three-terminal circulator is used, and the time ratio of ferrite in different magnetization directions in the circulator is controlled by a pulse signal, that is, the time ratio of different ring directions of the circulator is controlled, so that two output ends of the circulator respectively occupy partial time of output power, which is in essence time-sharing use of microwave power and not true variable power division (refer to U.S. patent document "Three-port variable power divider", No. us 2017/0054193a 1). The use of ferrite materials in the above structure increases the difficulty of being used in high vacuum environments, and also limits its power capacity and cannot be applied in high power environments.
In a structure using neither circular waveguide nor ferrite material, George Harris in the united states proposed a rectangular waveguide three-port variable power divider in 2006, and a three-port metal matching column realizes impedance matching, and the microwave power ratio obtained by two output ports is adjusted by changing the length of a metal probe extending into the waveguide between the wide sides of the two output port waveguides (refer to "Apparatus and method for in-process high power variable power division", No. us 2006/0006959a 1). Zhanghong Tao et al proposed a variable merit of broadband waveguide in 2012 and divided the ware, and input and output all adopted the coaxial line structure, realized coaxial and waveguide interconversion through the metal step in rectangular waveguide inside, and two coaxial joint intervals of output are unchangeable and can follow the waveguide broadside and remove to realize variable merit ratio (refer to "a variable merit of broadband waveguide divides the ware", utility model patent document of publication No. CN 202121047U). However, in both of the above configurations, the metal probe limits the power capacity while the coaxial connector adds structural complexity.
From the research situation of the variable power divider at home and abroad, no matter a variable capacitor is used in a similar microstrip line, an adjustable mechanical part is introduced in a waveguide structure, or the bias magnetic field value of a ferrite material is changed, the purpose is to perform phase shift on microwave power. Therefore, the core of the variable waveguide power divider is to realize a waveguide phase shifter which has a simple structure, stable operation, high transmission efficiency and large power capacity and can be used in a high vacuum environment.
In the aspect of waveguide phase shifters, extensive research is also being conducted at home and abroad, and the implementation methods mainly include the following categories: first, a waveguide phase shifter designed based on a circular polarizer, which is used for the conversion between a rectangular waveguide and a circular waveguide, and is composed of two rectangular waveguide ports and a circular waveguide port, when used as a waveguide phase shifter, microwave power is input from one end of the rectangular waveguide, transmitted to the circular waveguide, and short-circuited at its output end, then the polarization direction of the circular polarized wave is changed due to the short-circuited surface, and the reflected microwave power is transmitted to the other rectangular waveguide port for output, and the microwave phase can be changed by using a movable short-circuiting piston in the circular waveguide, thereby functioning as a waveguide phase shifter (refer to l.t.guo, c.chao, w.h.huang, "sign of a not phase shifter for high power microwave applications", Proceedings of IEEE International value Electronics Conference, beijling, chip, April, and "a compact phase shifting capacity waveguide phase shifter and waveguide high power waveguide method", patent document publication No. CN 109818114 a).
Secondly, the waveguide phase shifter is realized by using the self characteristics of the four-port device, namely the 3dB bridge, because the microwave power at the two output ends of the 3dB bridge is always equal in amplitude and 90 ° in phase difference, if the microwave reflected back to the input end is offset by 180 ° after short circuit, the microwave reflected to the original isolation end (the fourth port) is superposed in the same phase, so that the function of the waveguide phase shifter is realized only by using the reflected power of a movable short-circuit piston or metal column at the two output ports (refer to L.P.Lopez, J.L.Mass-Campos, J.A.Ruiz-Cruz, "Den of a configurable received waveguide phase shifter with metallic posts", and the Proceedings of the 47th European Microwave Conference,Nuremberg,Germany,October,2017)。
In addition, the propagation constant of the internal microwave is changed by changing the size of the waveguide or a part of the filling medium in the waveguide, so that the phase shift is realized. Other methods of enabling microwave phase shifting within a waveguide also include: a telescopic metal structure is introduced into the center of a wide edge in the waveguide along the axis, or a ferrite material is introduced into the waveguide, or even a photosensitive material which is in good contact with the waveguide wall is paved on the inner wall of the waveguide, the resistance of the photosensitive material is changed through illumination, and then the propagation constant of the microwave is changed to realize phase shift.
However, none of the above methods can meet the requirements for a variable waveguide power divider: the circular polarizer and the 3dB bridge are used as a waveguide phase shifter, and although the requirements of high-power high-vacuum environment and transmission efficiency can be met, the introduced additional port causes the increase of the structural complexity. Changing the size of the waveguide itself or the partial filling medium in the waveguide increases the processing complexity of the waveguide and reduces the working stability, while the telescopic metal structure added in the center of the wide edge in the waveguide needs a large longitudinal space and also limits the application. As for the ferrite or photosensitive material, it is directly contrary to the application requirement of high power and high vacuum environment.
Liao Yoghao et al proposed a high power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifter working in X band 9.4GHz, which successfully realizes 360 DEG phase shift by introducing a metal sheet into the waveguide sidewall and moving along the direction perpendicular to the waveguide axis, and the transmission efficiency and power capacity also meet the requirements, and is a feasible scheme (refer to Liao Yongwa, Xie Ping, Xugang, etc. 'a high power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifter design and characteristic analysis', intense laser and particle beam, volume 27, 6 th, 2015 year 6).
According to research, the waveguide power divider with any power ratio has not been designed for high-power and high-vacuum environment. The mature waveguide switch which can be used in a high-power high-vacuum environment is expensive and high in maintenance cost, and can only realize the on-off of two paths of microwave power, and cannot realize any power ratio, namely cannot realize the adjustable power ratio of the two paths of microwave power.
Any similar idea or design, especially the idea or design which can be used in high power and high vacuum environment and focuses on the end microwave power recovery in the accelerator, has not been found for any power ratio waveguide power combiner.
Therefore, the invention can solve the problem of synthesis and recycling of two paths of microwave power with any power ratio (multi-path synthesis can be cascaded), and can also meet the requirement that a single path of microwave source is distributed to two paths of microwave devices in any proportion (more microwave devices can be subjected to multi-stage power division), and the invention has great significance for saving construction and operation cost in the accelerator in a high-power high-vacuum environment in any situation. Meanwhile, the defects that the prior art does not relate to or use environment, is not suitable for use mode and the like are overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waveguide power distribution and synthesis method with an arbitrary power ratio and a distribution and synthesis device. By the aid of the microwave power recovery device, recycling of microwave power at the tail end of the accelerator (waveguide power synthesizer with any power ratio) can be achieved, any proportion distribution of microwave power of a single microwave source (power divider with any power ratio) can be achieved, the technical problems of reduction of accelerator construction and operation cost and energy conservation and emission reduction can be solved, and the microwave power recovery device can be used in high-power high-vacuum environments.
The magic T is used as a common four-port microwave component, has good matching, opposite port isolation and power bisection characteristics, and is an ideal choice for realizing waveguide power distribution and synthesis with any power ratio. After the single-path microwave power is equally divided, the phase difference of the two paths of power is controlled and then the two paths of power are input into the two ports of the magic T, so that the arbitrary power ratio output of the other two ports of the magic T can be realized, and the magic T is an arbitrary power ratio power divider. For the microwave power input into the magic T in two paths with any power ratio, the equal-amplitude output (out-of-phase) of the other two ports of the magic T can be realized by controlling the phase difference of the microwave power, and then the two paths of output are adjusted to be in-phase to be matched with a common equal-power combiner, namely a waveguide power combiner with any power ratio.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution method, comprising the steps of:
1) equally dividing one path of microwave power into two paths of microwave power signals with equal amplitude and same phase, and performing phase shift on one path of microwave power signal; the two paths of microwave power signals have the same amplitude and have a phase difference of k pi + theta, theta is 0-180 degrees, and k is an integer;
2) inputting one path of microwave power signal processed in the step 1) into a third port of the magic T, inputting the other path of microwave power signal into a fourth port of the magic T, and realizing output of any power ratio at the first port and the second port of the magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power.
A waveguide power divider with any power ratio for high power and high vacuum is characterized by comprising an equal power divider, two phase shifters and a magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; wherein,
the equal-power distributor is used for carrying out equal-proportion distribution on the input single-path microwave power and outputting two paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase microwave power signals;
one end of the first phase shifter is connected with one output end of the equal-power distributor through a waveguide, and the other end of the first phase shifter is connected with the third port of the magic T through a waveguide and used for shifting the phase of one path of microwave power signal output by the equal-power distributor and then inputting the microwave power signal into the third port; one end of the second phase shifter is connected with the other output end of the equal-power distributor through a waveguide, and the other end of the second phase shifter is connected with the fourth port of the magic T through a waveguide and used for shifting the phase of the other path of microwave power signal output by the equal-power distributor and inputting the shifted signal to the fourth port;
the microwave power signal output after passing through the first phase shifter and the microwave power signal output after passing through the second phase shifter have the same amplitude and have a phase difference of k pi + theta, wherein theta is 0-180 degrees, so that the power proportion output by the first port is continuously variable between 100% and 0%, and k is an integer.
Further, in the above-mentioned case,
furthermore, the phase adjusting range of the phase shifter is 0-180 degrees.
Further, the waveguide is an H-bend waveguide.
A method for synthesizing waveguide power with any power ratio comprises the following steps:
1) will be provided withOne-way microwave
Phase-shifted theta, and inputting into the third port of magic T to obtain phase-shifted theta
A fourth port of the input magic T; wherein E is1、E2Which is representative of the amplitude of the microwaves,
represents the microwave phase;
theta is the phase difference of the input microwaves of the third port and the fourth port, and the cos theta is equal to 0; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power;
2) the output of the first port of the magic T is input into one input end of the equal power synthesizer after being phase-shifted, and the output of the second port of the magic T is input into the other input end of the equal power synthesizer; or the output of the second port of the magic T is input into one input end of the equipower combiner after being subjected to phase shifting, and the output of the first port of the magic T is input into the other input end of the equipower combiner; and the synthesis of two paths of microwave power with any input power ratio is completed.
Further, the phase shifter for phase shifting is a waveguide phase shifter capable of operating in a high power and high vacuum environment, including but not limited to a 3dB bridge phase shifter, a circular polarizer phase shifter or a high power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifter.
A waveguide power combiner with any power ratio for high power and high vacuum is characterized by comprising an equipower combiner and a magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; the input end of the third port and/or the fourth port of the magic T is provided with a phase shifter for adjusting the phase difference of input microwaves, so that the phase difference theta of the input microwaves of the third port and the fourth port meets cos theta ≡ 0; the first port of the magic T is connected with one input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, the second port of the magic T is connected with the other input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide, or the first port of the magic T is connected with one input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide, the second port of the magic T is connected with the other input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, and the second phase shifter is used for adjusting input microwave power signals of the equipower synthesizer, so that the two paths of input microwave power signals respectively reach the input end of the equipower synthesizer in a state of equal amplitude and same phase; and the output end of the equal-power combiner is used as the output port of the waveguide power combiner with any power ratio.
The invention has the following characteristics:
1. by taking the magic T as a core and matching with an equal power divider (equal power divider for short), a phase shifter and the like, the waveguide power divider and the waveguide power combiner with any power ratio are creatively realized in principle (the equal power combiner and the equal power divider are the same devices);
2. creatively proves the feasibility of the waveguide power distribution and the synthesizer with any power ratio on theoretical derivation, and provides an implementation schematic diagram and a model diagram of the waveguide power distribution and the synthesizer;
3. theoretical derivation, computer simulation verification and prototype microwave low-power test prove the feasibility of the power divider with any power ratio creatively, and the power ratio curves of one output port obtained by the three are basically consistent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects:
the method starts from theoretical derivation, is proved to be feasible through computer simulation verification and sample low-power test, and can be used for solving the problem of arbitrary power division of single-path microwave power or synthesis of two paths of microwave power with arbitrary power ratio in a waveguide system. The former can save power sources, and the latter can realize the recycling of tail end microwave power in the accelerator.
The accelerator has the advantages of solving the technical problems of reducing the construction and operation cost of the accelerator, saving energy and reducing emission, and meeting policy guidance and technical development trends.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a process for implementing the technical solution of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a magic T;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide power combiner for arbitrary input power ratios;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arbitrary power ratio power divider;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a simulation model of a power divider with an arbitrary power ratio;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a waveguide power combiner model for arbitrary input power ratios;
FIG. 7 is a graph of power ratio versus phase plate position.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
The whole technical scheme process of the waveguide power distribution and synthesis method and the distribution and synthesis method for high power and high vacuum with any power ratio is shown in figure 1, and mainly comprises links of theoretical formula derivation → computer simulation verification → sample low power test and the like, and the detailed explanation is carried out step by step. The design was made for 2.856GHz, taking into account the application.
a) Theoretical formula derivation
The ports for the magic T shown in fig. 2 are defined as follows: the left and right sides define a third port and a fourth port for receiving incoming microwave power. The front end and the upper port are defined as a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power.
Assuming that the third port inputs microwave as
The fourth port inputs microwave as
Wherein E is1Representing the amplitude of the input microwave at the third port,
Input microwave phase, E, representing third port2The amplitude of the input microwave representing the fourth port,
Representing the phase of the input microwave at the fourth port, since the output of the first port is equal to the vector sum of the third port and the fourth port, and the output of the second port is equal to the vector difference between the third port and the fourth port, the following formula is given:
if E is2＝αE1Where α ∈ (0, + ∞), and let E1＝1。
At the same time order
θ is the phase difference of the input microwaves of the third port and the fourth port, equations (1) and (2) become:
using the auxiliary angle formula to solve the moduli of equations (3) and (4) and making them equal, then there are
Equation (5) can be simplified as:
α×cosθ＝-α×cosθ，α∈(0,+∞) (6)
the condition that equation (6) is always satisfied is cos θ ≡ 0, that is, θ is 90 ° or 270 °.
This means that: when cos θ ≡ 0, i.e. θ ≡ 90 ° or 270 °, the input power ratio for any third port to fourth port is
Both the first port and the second port can realize the output of the permanent 1:1 power division (different phases). Then, only one path of microwave power needs to be phase-shifted and then matched with an equal-power synthesizer, and synthesis and recycling of two paths of microwave power with any input power ratio can be completed. Therefore, for a waveguide power combiner with any input power ratio, its implementation block diagram is shown in fig. 3.
It can be easily found from the derivation process of any power combiner, that if the amplitude of the input microwave power at the third port is equal to that at the fourth port, there is only one phase difference θ, that is: e2＝αE1And (α ═ 1) and
substituting the values into equations (3) and (4) and using an auxiliary angle formula to calculate a module value and simplify the module value, the ratio of the output microwave power amplitudes of the first port and the second port is:
it can be seen that, when θ ∈ (0, pi), the value range of equation (7) is (+ ∞,0), that is, if an equipower splitter is used to divide one path of microwave power equally and output equally and in phase, only one path of microwave power needs to be phase shifted by 180 ° or less, and then two paths of microwaves with equal amplitude and different phases are input to the third port and the fourth port of the magic T, so that output with an arbitrary power ratio can be realized at the first port and the second port of the magic T, and thus arbitrary proportional distribution of single path of microwave power is realized, and its implementation block diagram is shown in fig. 4.
b) Computer simulation verification
From the "theoretical formula derivation" section, it can be seen: because the equipower divider and the equipower combiner are essentially the same device, the microwave waveguide devices used for realizing the power distribution and the power combination of the waveguide with any power ratio are completely the same, and only have slight difference on the whole structure in the specific implementation. Therefore, the 'computer simulation verification' is only carried out on any power ratio power divider.
According to the architecture shown in fig. 4, after the equal power divider, the phase shifter and the magic T are respectively and optimally designed, they are combined and simulated in computer software. The results show that: under the condition that the phase shifter can smoothly realize 0-180-degree phase shift, the output power ratio can be smoothly and continuously adjusted at any position at two output ports of the magic T. Namely, the ratio of the output power of any one of the two output ends of the magic T to the total output power can be continuously variable from 0 percent to 100 percent.
The computer simulation of the whole power divider with any power ratio is shown in fig. 5, and the model is an equipower divider, two phase shifters (a high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifter working at 9.4GHz band X proposed by jacourage et al can be adopted, and is called as a "high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifter", and a traditional phase shifter can also be adopted) and a magic T (the upper phase shifter hides the waveguide part and is convenient to see the phase shift sheet structure inside). Considering the insertion loss and the reflected wave of the phase shifter, in order to ensure that the states of the two paths are equal as much as possible (not because only one path has the phase shifter to cause inconsistency of transmission attenuation of the two paths and the like, strict equal amplitude when reaching the input end of the magic T cannot be ensured), the phase shifter is configured at the two paths of output of the equal power divider, but only one path is subjected to phase shifting.
In the structure shown in fig. 5, the equipower splitter performs equal proportion distribution on the input single-path microwave power, that is, the single-path microwave power is changed into two paths of equal-amplitude (half of the amplitude of the single-path microwave input power) and in-phase microwave power outputs after passing through the equipower splitter. The H-bend waveguide only has the function of connecting each waveguide device to enable the microwave to pass through the H-bend waveguide, and has no other special function. Two paths of constant-amplitude and in-phase microwaves output from the equal power divider are transmitted to the input ends of two high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifters through the H-bend waveguides, and then the high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifters perform phase shifting on the high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide microwaves and output the high-power microwave metal sheet waveguide phase shifters, and the phase shifter designed in the embodiment can realize the phase shifting of the passing microwaves at 0-180 degrees. As mentioned above, only one phase shifter is needed to shift the phase of one path of microwave, and the other path of phase shifter is not moved (the position of the phase shifter is not changed), in this example, the upper phase shifter is used to shift the phase, and the lower phase shifter is not moved, that is, only the phase of the upper path of microwave after power division is changed, and the phase of the lower path of microwave is not changed. Then, the two paths of microwaves with the same amplitude and different phases passing through the two phase shifters are transmitted to the input ends (the third port and the fourth port in fig. 2) of the magic T by the other two H-bend waveguides, and output with any power ratio is realized by the output ends (the first port and the second port in fig. 2) of the magic T, and the specific power ratio depends on how much the phase of the uplink microwaves is moved. Theoretically, if the phase of the upper path of microwave is not changed, namely, two paths of microwaves with equal amplitude and in phase (phase difference of 0 °) are input into the magic T, all power is output from the first port (which is equivalent to that the power output from the first port accounts for 100%); if the phase shift of the upper path of microwave is 180 degrees, namely the two paths of microwave are input into the magic T in equal amplitude and opposite phase (with the phase difference of 180 degrees), all power is output from the second port (the power proportion output by the first port is 0 percent). By controlling the phase shift amount of the upper path microwave to be continuously variable within the range of 0-180 degrees, the power proportion output by the first port can be continuously variable between 100% and 0%, namely, the power proportion is equal to the power of the single path input microwave at the input end of the equal power divider, and power division with any power proportion is realized at the first port and the second port of the magic T. The whole forms the power divider with any power ratio.
As mentioned above, the arbitrary power ratio waveguide power splitting and combining device has only a slight difference in the overall structure in terms of realizing the power splitting and combining (see fig. 3 and 4). Therefore, based on the design example of fig. 5, a waveguide power combiner satisfying any power ratio can be easily designed, and a model diagram thereof is shown in fig. 6.
In fig. 6, from right to left, there are a magic T (the third port and the fourth port input end are equipped with phase shifters), a transmission waveguide (including a straight waveguide, an H-bend waveguide, an E-bend waveguide and a twisted waveguide), two phase shifters (a high-power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifter proposed by laoyong et al, which operates at 9.4GHz in the X-band, is called "high-power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifter", and may also be a conventional phase shifter), and an equal-power combiner. The upper path phase shifter hides the waveguide part, and the structure of the phase shifter inside the upper path phase shifter is convenient to see.
In the structure shown in fig. 6, two paths of microwave powers with arbitrary power amplitudes and initial phases are input from the third port and the fourth port, and then one path is phase-shifted (any path is phase-shifted) by the phase shifters equipped at the input ends of the third port and the fourth port, so that the phase difference of the two paths of microwave input powers is changed to 90 ° or 270 ° (amplitude is unchanged). After passing through the magic T, two paths of microwave power with equal amplitude and different phases are output from a second port (an upper port) and a first port (a right lower port) of the magic T. The power output from the second port is transmitted to the input end of the lower phase shifter through the straight waveguide, the H-bend waveguide, the twisted waveguide, the E-bend waveguide and the like, and the transmission waveguide only plays a role in microwave transmission and has no other special role; and the power output from the first port is transmitted to the input end of the add phase shifter via the H-bend waveguide, the E-bend waveguide, the straight waveguide, and the like. And then, the lower-path phase shifter or the upper-path phase shifter shifts the phase of one path of microwave power, so that the two paths of microwave power respectively reach the left input end (output of the lower-path phase shifter) and the right input end (output of the upper-path phase shifter) of the equal-power synthesizer in a constant-amplitude and same-phase state after passing through the two phase shifters, and the final two paths of microwave power are synthesized by the equal-power synthesizer and output at the output end. The whole constitutes a waveguide power combiner for arbitrary input power ratios.
As is well known, a high vacuum environment is the basis for realizing high-power microwave transmission (high vacuum can improve the breakdown threshold value compared with the atmospheric environment, so that higher-power microwaves can be allowed to pass), and the application of the invention in the high vacuum environment is realized by butting stainless steel male and female flanges. The stainless steel male and female flanges are of a common knife edge type step structure, and vacuum sealing is achieved by placing a copper gasket between the male and female flanges and pressing deformation of the copper gasket by the step, so that application in high power and high vacuum is achieved. In the design examples of fig. 5 and 6, a stainless steel female flange is used for the input end of each waveguide device, and a male flange is used for the output end, and after all the waveguide devices are connected and installed as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a high vacuum environment can be realized inside. On the other hand, in the application of high power environment, the maximum electric field strength inside all waveguide devices is required not to exceed the breakdown threshold, and this point is ensured by adopting various appropriate waveguide (power divider, phase shifter, magic T, etc.) structures.
c) Low power testing of samples
The simulation model shown in fig. 5 was subjected to machining and microwave low power testing.
The test result shows that: by adjusting the phase shift sheet of one branch circuit, the output power ratio can be adjusted freely and continuously at two output ports of the magic T.
For any power ratio power divider, equations (3) and (4) are compiled into matlab, and theoretical curves of power ratio versus phase shift plate position (equivalent to phase shift amount) are plotted and compared with corresponding curves of computer simulation and low power test, which are shown in fig. 7.
As can be seen from fig. 7, in the three stages of theoretical derivation, simulation verification and sample test, continuous adjustment of the output power ratio close to linearity can be realized, and the slightly poor coincidence degree of the data curves of the sample test is limited by the processing and adjustment precision of the phase shifter. In general, the invention has been validated in three stages and is feasible.
The relation curve of the power ratio and the phase shift plate position shown in fig. 7 can be used to guide the realization of a specific power ratio, and the control flow is as follows: aiming at a specific required power ratio, finding a corresponding ratio point in the vertical coordinate of fig. 7, drawing a straight line parallel to the horizontal coordinate through the point, and intersecting the test result curve at a certain point, then continuously drawing a straight line parallel to the vertical coordinate through the intersection point, wherein the intersection point of the straight line and the horizontal axis is the position where the scale is to be located. The graduated scale is adjusted to the position of the scale value through the adjusting mechanism, and a certain required specific power division ratio can be realized. In the whole process, the required specific power division ratio can be realized only by controlling and changing the position of the scale according to fig. 7, namely changing the position of the phase shifter in fig. 5, namely changing the microwave phase of a certain path.
In brief, for the single input power at the input end of the equal power divider in fig. 5, only a specific power division ratio needs to be provided, and then the corresponding position of the phase shifter scale is found through the curve in fig. 7, and the scale (i.e., the phase shifter) is adjusted to the position, so that the specific power division ratio output can be realized at the first port and the second port of the magic T in fig. 5.
In the invention, the phase shifter can be replaced by other structures, such as a 3dB bridge type phase shifter, a circular polarizer type phase shifter and the like, and the equipower divider and the magic T can also adopt different structures, but do not influence the realization principle and the framework of the invention.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present application in connection with specific embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the present application be limited to the specific embodiments thereof. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that many more simple derivations or substitutions can be made without departing from the inventive concepts herein.
Claims (8)
1. An arbitrary power ratio waveguide power distribution method, comprising the steps of:
1) equally dividing one path of microwave power into two paths of microwave power signals with equal amplitude and same phase, and performing phase shift on one path of microwave power signal; the two paths of microwave power signals have the same amplitude and have a phase difference of k pi + theta, theta is 0-180 degrees, and k is an integer;
2) inputting one path of microwave power signal processed in the step 1) into a third port of the magic T, inputting the other path of microwave power signal into a fourth port of the magic T, and realizing output of any power ratio at the first port and the second port of the magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; wherein
2. The waveguide power divider with any power ratio for high power and high vacuum is characterized by comprising an equal power divider, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter and a magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; wherein,
the equal-power distributor is used for carrying out equal-proportion distribution on the input single-path microwave power and outputting two paths of equal-amplitude and same-phase microwave power signals;
one end of the first phase shifter is connected with one output end of the equal-power distributor through a waveguide, and the other end of the first phase shifter is connected with the third port of the magic T through a waveguide and used for shifting the phase of one path of microwave power signal output by the equal-power distributor and then inputting the microwave power signal into the third port; one end of the second phase shifter is connected with the other output end of the equal-power distributor through a waveguide, and the other end of the second phase shifter is connected with the fourth port of the magic T through a waveguide and used for shifting the phase of the other path of microwave power signal output by the equal-power distributor and inputting the shifted signal to the fourth port;
wherein
The microwave power signal output after passing through the first phase shifter and the microwave power signal output after passing through the second phase shifter have the same amplitude and have the phase difference of k pi + theta, wherein theta is 0-180 degrees, so that the power proportion output by the first port is continuously variable between 100% and 0%, and k is an integer.
3. The arbitrary power ratio waveguide power divider of claim 2, wherein the phase adjustment ranges of the first phase shifter and the second phase shifter are both 0-180 °.
4. The arbitrary power ratio waveguide power splitter of claim 2 or 3 wherein the waveguide is an H-bend waveguide.
5. A method for synthesizing waveguide power with any power ratio comprises the following steps:
1) one path of microwave
Phase-shifted theta, and inputting into the third port of magic T to obtain phase-shifted theta
A fourth port of the input magic T; wherein E is1、E2Which is representative of the amplitude of the microwaves,
represents the microwave phase;
theta is the phase difference of the input microwaves of the third port and the fourth port, and the cos theta is equal to 0; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power;
2) the output of the first port of the magic T is input into one input end of the equal power synthesizer after being phase-shifted, and the output of the second port of the magic T is input into the other input end of the equal power synthesizer; or the output of the second port of the magic T is input into one input end of the equipower combiner after being subjected to phase shifting, and the output of the first port of the magic T is input into the other input end of the equipower combiner; and the synthesis of two paths of microwave power with any input power ratio is completed.
6. The method for arbitrary power ratio waveguide power synthesis as claimed in claim 5 wherein the phase shifter for phase shifting is a waveguide phase shifter operable in a high power high vacuum environment, including but not limited to a 3dB bridge phase shifter, a circular polarizer type phase shifter or a high power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifter.
7. A waveguide power combiner with any power ratio for high power and high vacuum is characterized by comprising an equipower combiner and a magic T; the magic T comprises a first port and a second port for outputting microwave power, and a third port and a fourth port for receiving input microwave power; the input end of the third port and/or the fourth port of the magic T is provided with a phase shifter for adjusting the phase difference of input microwaves, so that the phase difference theta of the input microwaves of the third port and the fourth port meets cos theta ≡ 0; the first port of the magic T is connected with one input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, the second port of the magic T is connected with the other input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide, or the first port of the magic T is connected with one input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide, the second port of the magic T is connected with the other input end of the equipower synthesizer through a transmission waveguide and a second phase shifter, and the second phase shifter is used for adjusting input microwave power signals of the equipower synthesizer, so that the two paths of input microwave power signals respectively reach the input end of the equipower synthesizer in a state of equal amplitude and same phase; and the output end of the equal-power combiner is used as the output port of the waveguide power combiner with any power ratio.
8. The arbitrary power ratio waveguide power combiner of claim 7 wherein the phase shifter and the second phase shifter are waveguide phase shifters operable in a high power high vacuum environment, including but not limited to 3dB bridge phase shifters, circular polarizer phase shifters, or high power microwave sheet metal waveguide phase shifters.
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