CN112903427A - Mechanical test system and method for dynamically controlling temperature rise of surface of material - Google Patents
Mechanical test system and method for dynamically controlling temperature rise of surface of material Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0694—Temperature
Abstract
The invention discloses a mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of the surface of a material, which comprises: the testing machine is characterized in that a temperature infrared thermal imaging sensor of a collection area is arranged on one side of a clamp assembly on the testing machine, and when a movable clamp part on the clamp assembly rotates circumferentially or moves up and down to a termination position state from an initial position, a pressed deformation part of a sample is located in the temperature collection area of the infrared thermal imaging sensor; the output end of the infrared thermal imaging sensor is connected with a controller; the controller is connected with the power device, and the temperature signal collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor can trigger the controller to send a control signal so as to adjust the power output power of the power device. The invention aims to provide a mechanical test system and a method for dynamically controlling the surface temperature rise of a material, which can accurately detect the surface temperature of a sample so as to optimize the test efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of testing machines, in particular to a mechanical testing system and method for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a material surface.
Background
The mechanical detection refers to mechanical property detection, and is mainly used for detecting the mechanical properties of metal and nonmetal materials in the aspects of conventional stretching, bending, yielding, flattening, hardness and the like. Various mechanical property criteria of metal and non-metal materials are determined through different mechanical tests, any material is deformed after being stressed, and the material is broken after being deformed to a certain degree. The behavior of deformation and fracture of a material under an external load is called mechanical behavior, which is determined by the material structure in the material and is an inherent property of the material.
1. Compression test
Compression testing is a test method commonly used to determine the compressive load or resistance of a material, and also to determine the ability of a material to recover after being subjected to a specified pressure and held for a set period of time. The compression test is used to determine the behaviour of a material under load. In addition, the maximum stress that a material can withstand under (constant or increasing) load over time can also be determined.
The applicable materials are as follows: metals, plastics, elastomers, paper, composites, rubber, textiles, adhesives, films, and the like;
the test instrument: universal testing machines, compression testing machines, and the like;
2. tensile test is one of the most common test methods used to determine the behavior of a specimen after being subjected to an axial tensile load. These test types can be performed at room temperature or under controlled (heating or cooling) conditions to determine the tensile properties of the material.
The applicable materials are as follows: metals, plastics, elastomers, paper, composites, rubber, textiles, adhesives, films, and the like;
common tensile test results: maximum load, rigidity, breaking load, deformation at break, stress strain, young's modulus, elastic modulus, static bending strength, and the like;
the test instrument: an electronic tensile testing machine, a universal testing machine, and the like;
3. bending test
One of the basic methods for testing the mechanical properties of a material is a test for measuring the mechanical properties of a material when it is subjected to a bending load. The applicable materials are as follows: many different materials, including metal, plastic, wood, laminates, particle board, drywall, tile, glass, and the like.
The test instrument: universal testing machines, electronic tensile testing machines, and the like;
4. shear test
The shear strength refers to the ability of a material to bear shear force, and refers to the strength limit of the material when external force is perpendicular to the axis of the material and has a shearing effect on the material. The applicable materials are as follows: various materials, polymers, composites, metals, wood, ceramics, glass, etc.;
the test instrument: universal testing machines, electronic tensile testing machines, and the like;
the electronic tension test machine is mainly applied to the stretching detection of metal and non-metal materials through test machine equipment controlled and measured by a computer. The tensile testing machine is widely applied in the fields of quality supervision, scientific teaching and research, automobiles, construction and building materials and the like. The electronic tension testing machine has the characteristics of accurate detection value, wide detection range and high corresponding speed in the detection application of stretching, compressing, bending and the like of the product quality, can record the implementation of test data, records the maximum experimental force value, the fracture force value and the yield force value according to the corresponding standard, and calculates the experimental data such as the fracture elongation and various strength values.
The electronic tension test machine mainly comprises a driving system, a control system, a measuring system and other structures. After the driving system is powered on, the microcomputer sends a beam moving instruction according to a value set before the test, the instruction controls a servo motor in the host to rotate through the servo control system, the left screw rod and the right screw rod are driven to rotate through a speed reducing mechanism such as a belt and a gear, and the movable beam, the teeth of the movable beam and a nut of the movable beam drive the beam to ascend or descend. After the sample is loaded, the tester can obtain corresponding signals through the load, strain and displacement sensors, and the signals are amplified and then subjected to data acquisition and conversion through A/D (analog/digital) and transmitted to a microcomputer; the microcomputer processes the data and reflects the data in the form of graph and numerical value on the microcomputer display; on the other hand, the processed signal is compared with the initial set value, the moving of the beam is adjusted to change the output quantity, and the adjusted output quantity is transmitted to the servo control system, so that the control requirements of constant speed, constant strain, constant stress and the like can be met.
The universal testing machine is also called as a universal material testing machine or a tensile machine, a double-screw rod series, and has an integrated structure of control, measurement and operation, integrates the modern advanced technology, and has the advantages of high precision, wide speed regulation range, compact structure, convenient operation, stable performance and the like. The electronic universal tester meets the requirements of GB/T1040, 1041, 8804, 9341, 9647, ISO7500-1, GB16491, GB/T17200, ISO5893, ASTM D638, 695, 790 and plastic pipes and other standards. The test bed is suitable for tensile, compression, bending and creep tests of material samples and products such as plastics, waterproof materials, textiles, paper products, rubber and the like, and can be used for directly carrying out tests such as pipe flat compression recovery, ring rigidity external load resistance, creep ratio, ring tensile strength and the like by being provided with a large pressure plate.
And (3) friction test: the process of rubbing is essentially: the process of collision of the molecules on the surface of the object which is rubbed with each other. It is assumed that one object is stationary and the other object is moving relative to the object. Then in the process, the molecules in the stationary object are impacted, and some or all of the directional kinetic energy of the molecules in the moving object is obtained. The molecules obtaining the directional kinetic energy collide with other molecules around, and the collision among the molecules is very frequent, and the collision direction is random, so the original directional kinetic energy is finally converted into the random kinetic energy, namely the thermal kinetic energy is increased. Thus causing the surfaces of the objects that rub against each other to appear macroscopically to have an increased internal energy and an increased temperature.
Various frictional relative movements generate abrasion, and factors influencing the abrasion are many, such as the material, the surface shape, the frictional movement form, the working condition, the lubricating mode and the like of a friction piece. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate the wear resistance of such forms of coatings, and it is generally desirable to check the wear resistance of the coating as much as possible by simulating the actual operating conditions; the test sample is prepared by making friction pair material into test sample with simple structure and small size according to the specification of corresponding testing machine. Such tests are commonly used in frictional wear studies. Its main advantage is: 1. the method is beneficial to researching the process and mechanism of the friction and the wear, can effectively control various factors influencing the friction and the wear, reduces the influence of some accidental factors on the test result, and is very suitable for researching the influence of each factor on the friction and the wear one by one. 2. The data obtained by the test has good repeatability, strong comparability, low test cost and short period, and can be used for multi-parameter and repeated test verification in a short time
Pin-disc wear testers are one of the most commonly used wear testing devices. The rotation speed range of the WAZAU pin disc abrasion testing machine is 0-3000 r/min, the load range is 0-3000N, the friction coefficient, the friction torque, the oil temperature and the like can be measured and recorded on line through a computer connected with the testing machine, a special clamp is adopted, a ball sample can be used for replacing the pin sample, and therefore the friction pair contact form of the testing machine can be a pin disc or a ball disc. When the testing machine runs, the upper disc sample rotates under the drive of the motor, and the lower pin sample or ball sample is fixed in the oil box. For lubricating sliding wear, the operating temperature of the lubricating oil is between room temperature and 200 ℃.
Application publication No. CN111272560A discloses safe and reliable's tensile testing machine with safeguard function, including host computer, roof, protection machanism, tensile mechanism and two extension boards, protection machanism includes driven gear, supporting component, runner assembly and protective component, and protective component includes protection casing and translation unit, and tensile mechanism includes fastening cover, first cylinder, chest expander, goes up anchor clamps, montant, lifter plate, two lifting unit and two fixed subassemblies.
No. CN210154931U discloses servo vertical extrusion test machine, including proof box and control box, be equipped with the master control computer on the control box, the proof box includes the base, the inside fulcrum bar seat that is equipped with of proof box, the fulcrum bar seat is fixed on the base for two parallel arrangement, all be equipped with two branches on every fulcrum bar seat, be equipped with the motor board on the branch, be equipped with servo motor and lower limit switch on the motor board, extrude and the industrial computer carries out system control through the servo drive device who sets up, adopt the control variable method to test battery performance.
No. CN209878509U discloses a torsion testing machine for automobile engineering, including backup pad and sensor body, the lower extreme of backup pad is equipped with supporting mechanism, the upper end left side fixedly connected with box of backup pad, fixedly connected with motor in the box, the upper and lower both sides of motor are equipped with the safeguard mechanism who protects the motor, the U template has been placed on the upper end right side of backup pad, the fixedly connected with fixed block on the right side wall of U template, the sensor body is fixed in the fixed block, be equipped with the cavity in the fixed block, the right side wall of U template is located the preceding side sliding connection of fixed block and is connected with the safety cover, equal threaded connection has first threaded rod in the upper and lower both sides wall of U template, downside first threaded rod and backup pad internal connection, be equipped with the adjustment mechanism who.
Many structures in engineering are in high or low temperature environments, such as engines, nuclear reactors, chemical plants, rockets, and high speed aircraft. Temperature has an effect on various mechanical properties of the material. In the case of metals, an increase in temperature tends to reduce the modulus of elasticity and the hardness, an increase in the elongation, and a more pronounced creep and relaxation (see creep), while a decrease in temperature tends to embrittle the material. Consideration must be given to the choice of engineering materials: each material has a high strength only in a certain temperature range. If some common plastics can only be used below 40-50 ℃, the strength is obviously reduced and even the self shape can not be maintained beyond the range. Most of the aluminum Taiwan gold has obviously reduced strength at the temperature of more than 200 ℃, and has obviously reduced tensile and shearing resistance capability at low temperature so as to easily cause brittle failure. For various structural materials working at high or low temperatures, the mechanical properties must be determined by tests.
The external force applied to the object is within a certain limit, and the object can recover the original size and shape after the external force is removed; beyond the limit, the elastic limit is the tensile compression deformation of the elastic body, and the elastic body cannot recover the original shape after the external force is removed. The elastic limit of the same object is not constant and it decreases with increasing temperature.
Plasticity refers to the ability of a material to be permanently deformed stably without destroying its integrity under an external force. For most engineering materials, the stress-strain relationship is linear when the stress is below the proportional limit elastic limit, showing an elastic behavior, i.e., the strain is completely lost when the load is removed. When the stress exceeds the elastic limit, the deformation comprises two parts of elastic deformation and plastic deformation, and the plastic deformation is irreversible. Since the yield point and the proportional limit differ very little, they are assumed to be the same in the ANSYS program. In the stress-strain curve, the portion below the yield point is called the elastic portion, and the portion above the yield point is called the plastic portion, also called the strain-strengthening portion. The material properties of the plastic region are taken into account in the plastic analysis. If the applied stress is greater than the elastic limit, the material exhibits plasticity and cannot return to the initial state. That is to say the deformation after yielding is permanent.
When a mechanical test is carried out, the change rule of the temperature rise rate of the surface of the material is as follows: for most of materials, when the material is in an elastic stage at the initial stage of a material test, because the thermal motion of atoms of the material is not obvious, the temperature rise rate of the surface of the material is small, after the material enters a yield stage in the test, the plastic deformation of the material begins to generate, the amplitude of the plastic deformation is far larger than that of the elastic deformation, the thermal motion of the atoms begins to increase, and the temperature rise rate of the surface of the material is gradually increased; when the material enters a stage of strengthening plasticity, the sample begins to be necked, the transverse deformation of the sample is more and more obvious except for the aggravation of longitudinal deformation, the atom thermal motion is aggravated due to the influence of the deformation of the two aspects, the temperature rise rate of the surface of the material is further increased until the moment before the crack occurs on the sample, the temperature rise rate of the surface of the material reaches a peak value, and the surface temperature of the position also reaches the highest value.
Explanation for the rate of temperature rise: the temperature rise rate is the current temperature-the initial temperature of the sample/the initial temperature of the sample, and researches show that the heat productivity is rapidly increased when the material deforms through a yield section and enters a plastic section, namely the temperature rise rate of the surface of the material is rapidly increased; and the larger the deformation of the material is, the larger the influence of heat generated in a tensile test on the data of the material is, the temperature rise rate is closely related to the change of the mechanical property of the material, and the temperature rise rate on the surface of the material is indirectly controlled by controlling the test speed/frequency.
In general, the higher the temperature, the lower the yield limit and the lower the rate of hardening. The specific influence is also related to the type of material. For example, for FCC crystals, temperature mainly affects the rate of hardening, and does not greatly affect the yield limit. For BCC crystals, the opposite is true, the yield limit increases sharply with decreasing temperature, and the hardening rate is less temperature dependent. For CPH crystals, particularly zinc, cadmium, magnesium and the like with larger c/a ratio, the yield limit is obviously reduced when the temperature is increased;
the plastic deformation is promoted by atomic thermal motion or thermal activation, which is not only temperature dependent but also deformation speed dependent. Thus, increasing the deformation speed corresponds to lowering the temperature, since both inhibit the thermal motion of the atoms. Of course atomic diffusion is mainly dependent on temperature and the influence of the deformation speed is much smaller. In fact, changing the deformation speed within the normal tensile test range has little effect on the tensile curve.
Application publication No. CN111014290A discloses a simple and convenient low-cost cold-rolled strip steel infrared temperature measurement method, select single wavelength infrared thermometer, the single wavelength infrared thermometer visual field aims at the tangent point of cold-rolled strip steel and cold rolling mill group roller and regards this as the belted steel temperature measurement point, the emissivity of single wavelength infrared thermometer is set as the fixed value, the emissivity is set according to the characteristic of cold rolling mill group roller surface material, cold-rolled strip steel that does not need accurate temperature measurement is produced earlier in order to preheat cold rolling mill group roller, the cold-rolled strip steel that the reproduction needs accurate temperature measurement passes through single wavelength infrared thermometer temperature measurement.
The prior art has the following defects:
1. the infrared thermometer measures temperature at a single point, and cannot reflect the temperature change of each part of a sample in real time well;
2. a test system and a test method for ensuring the controllable temperature rise rate of the surface of the sample in the whole test process are lacked, and a test result under the controllable temperature rise rate condition cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a mechanical test system and a method for dynamically controlling the surface temperature rise of a material, which can accurately detect the surface temperature of a sample and optimize the test efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a surface of a material, comprising:
the testing machine is provided with a clamp assembly for clamping a sample, a transmission mechanism for driving the clamp assembly to apply pressure to the sample, and a power device connected with the transmission mechanism;
the method is characterized in that: the infrared thermal imaging sensor for the temperature of the acquisition area is arranged on one side of the clamp assembly, the clamp assembly comprises a fixed clamp part and a movable clamp part, and when the movable clamp part rotates circumferentially or moves up and down to the end position state from the initial position, the deformation part of the sample under pressure is positioned in the temperature acquisition area of the infrared thermal imaging sensor;
the output end of the infrared thermal imaging sensor is connected with a controller;
the controller is connected with the power device, and the temperature signal acquired by the infrared thermal imaging sensor can trigger the controller to send a control signal so as to adjust the power output power of the power device;
and a displacement/speed measuring device is adopted to send a displacement or speed signal of the movable clamp part in the test process to the controller, and the displacement/speed instantaneously acquired by the displacement/speed measuring device exceeds the highest displacement/speed set in the controller, so that the controller immediately sends a control signal to reduce the power output power of the power device.
The mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of the surface of the material is characterized in that: the testing machine is provided with a positioning support, and the infrared thermal imaging sensor is arranged on the positioning support.
The mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of the surface of the material is characterized in that: and a manual adjusting mechanism is arranged between the positioning bracket and the infrared thermal imaging sensor.
The mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of the surface of the material is characterized in that: the manual adjusting mechanism is a flexible connecting rod.
The mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of the surface of the material is characterized in that: the positioning support is connected to the testing machine through a screw rod, or is welded, or is adhered, or is magnetically attracted, or is connected to the testing machine through a sucker.
The mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of the surface of the material is characterized in that: the power device is a servo motor.
A dynamic control mechanical test method for the real temperature rise rate of a sample surface is characterized in that:
an infrared thermal imaging sensor is arranged on one side of a sample on an experimental machine, the temperature of a pressed deformation part of the sample is collected in real time through the infrared thermal imaging sensor, the temperature instantaneously collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor is compared with the highest temperature collected at the preset time before the instant through a controller, and if the difference between the temperature instantaneously collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor and the highest temperature collected at the preset time is within a set range, the controller does not send a power regulation control signal to regulate the power output power of a power device; if the difference is outside the set range, the controller immediately sends a power regulation control signal to adjust the power output of the power plant.
The dynamic control mechanical test method for the real temperature rise rate of the surface of the material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and the temperature instantaneously acquired by the infrared thermal imaging sensor exceeds the highest temperature set in the controller, and the controller immediately sends a power cut-off control signal to cut off the power output of the power device.
The dynamic control mechanical test method for the real temperature rise rate of the surface of the material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a displacement/speed measuring device is adopted to send a displacement or speed signal of the movable clamp part in the test process to the controller, and the displacement/speed instantaneously acquired by the displacement/speed measuring device exceeds the highest displacement/speed set in the controller, so that the controller immediately sends a control signal to reduce the power output power of the power device;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, before testing, firstly, the test sample 8 to be tested is arranged in a clamp assembly of the testing machine and clamped, the position of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is adjusted, and the lens of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is aligned to the middle position of the test sample 8 to be tested;
s2, starting the test, and automatically recording the initial surface temperature of the sample by the system;
s3, during the test, the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 sends a surface temperature signal of the sample 8 to the controller in real time, and the controller controls the power device to drive the movable clamp part to move according to a set maximum value;
s4, when the highest temperature of the sample 8 collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 exceeds a set value, the controller firstly controls the power device to reduce to a set output power, and at the moment, the displacement/speed measuring device 11 feeds back the real-time displacement/speed information of the movable clamp part to the controller until the highest temperature of the sample 8 collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is lower than a set temperature value.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the temperature of the area can be collected by arranging the infrared thermal imaging sensor, so that temperature information collection errors caused by incapability of correctly capturing hot spots when a sample is pressed are avoided, and the influence on experimental accuracy caused by damage to the material of the sample due to too fast or too high temperature rise is avoided; further, the surface temperature of the material was controlled to be constant in a desired interval to conduct the test.
2. By arranging the infrared thermal imaging sensor and the displacement/speed measuring device, the temperature of the sample and the pressure applied efficiency of the sample are monitored in real time, so that the test negative influence caused by too high temperature rise due to too high test speed is avoided, and the test efficiency is optimized and the test accuracy is ensured.
3. By adopting the infrared thermal imaging sensor, the following advantages are achieved:
(1) the distance of SD detection and the diameter of a detection area under the corresponding distance of S in the thermal imaging are larger, the temperature measurement is more accurate and larger, the spreading angle of each pixel point is smaller, even if the width/thickness is smaller than 2mm, the thermal imaging can well monitor the temperature change of the test surface within 0.3 m, and the diameter, the width and the thickness of a sample can be reduced and thinned along with the gradual increase of deformation in a mechanical test.
(2) The thermal imaging monitors that a surface is not a point, so that better visualization and more temperature acquisition points are provided, the temperature change of each part of the sample can be reflected well in real time, and the later data analysis is facilitated.
(3) Thermal imaging belongs to non-contact temperature measurement, the temperature reaction speed and the precision of the thermal imaging on the surface of an object are far higher than those of common contact temperature measurement products, and damage caused by impact on a temperature measurement probe when a sample is broken can be avoided.
(4) The infrared thermal imaging sensor collects the highest temperature or the lowest temperature or the specified point temperature in the whole current infrared image or a specified area, the collected signals are rich, the collected signals are output to the controller through the infrared thermal imaging sensor, the controller is favorable for controlling the power device on the testing machine according to the collected signals, the selection value of the output power of the power device is favorable for optimizing, the data collection of the test efficiency is favorable for establishing the state of adopting the optimized power device to output power according to different temperature signals, and the rich test data is favorably provided for the data modeling of the subsequent testing machine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical testing system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operational signal transmission of the mechanical testing system of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic testing machine;
FIG. 4 is a graph of true stress-strain curves;
in the figure:
1. a work table;
2. a movable clamp member;
3. an infrared thermal imaging sensor;
4. positioning the bracket;
5. a cross beam;
6. a servo motor;
8. a sample;
9. ball screw drive mechanism.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a surface of a material, comprising:
the testing machine is provided with a workbench 1, the workbench 1 is provided with a clamp assembly for clamping a sample, a transmission mechanism for driving the clamp assembly to apply pressure to the sample, and a power device connected with the transmission mechanism.
The infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 for collecting the temperature of the region is arranged on one side of the clamp assembly, the clamp assembly comprises a fixed clamp part and a movable clamp part 2, and the movable clamp part 2 is arranged on a cross beam 5. When the movable clamp part 2 moves upwards from the initial position to the end position, the pressed deformation part of the test sample 8 is positioned in the temperature acquisition area of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3.
The output end of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is connected with a controller.
The controller is connected with the power device, and the temperature signal collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 can trigger the controller to send a control signal so as to adjust the power output power of the power device.
And a displacement/speed measuring device is adopted to send a displacement or speed signal of the movable clamp part 2 in the test process to the controller, and the displacement/speed instantaneously acquired by the displacement/speed measuring device exceeds the highest displacement/speed set in the controller, so that the controller immediately sends a control signal to reduce the power output power of the power device.
In this application, there is locating support 4 on the testing machine, infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 installs on locating support 4.
Further improvement: a manual adjusting mechanism is arranged between the positioning support 4 and the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3, and the manual adjusting mechanism is a flexible connecting rod.
Further improvement: the positioning bracket 4 is connected with the testing machine through a screw rod or welded or bonded or magnetically attracted or sucking disc.
In this application, the power device is a servo motor 6.
In this application, the transmission mechanism is a ball screw transmission mechanism 9.
A real temperature rise rate dynamic control mechanical test method of a sample surface, install the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 on one side of the sample on the tester, gather the temperature of the deformation position that the sample is exerted pressure in real time through the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3, compare the temperature gathered instantaneously with the highest temperature gathered in the time of setting before the instant through the controller in the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3, if the difference of the two is in the setting range, the controller does not send the power and regulates the control signal in order to regulate the power output power of the motive equipment; if the difference is outside the set range, the controller immediately sends a power regulation control signal to adjust the power output of the power plant.
Further: and the temperature instantaneously acquired by the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 exceeds the highest temperature set in the controller, and the controller immediately sends a power cut-off control signal to cut off the power output of the power device.
Further: a displacement/speed measuring device is adopted to send a displacement or speed signal of the movable clamp part in the test process to the controller, and the displacement/speed instantaneously acquired by the displacement/speed measuring device exceeds the highest displacement/speed set in the controller, so that the controller immediately sends a control signal to reduce the power output power of the power device;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, before testing, firstly, the test sample 8 to be tested is arranged in a clamp assembly of the testing machine and clamped, the position of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is adjusted, and the lens of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is aligned to the middle position of the test sample 8 to be tested;
s2, starting the test, and automatically recording the initial surface temperature of the sample by the system;
s3, in the process of the test, the power device starts to move by the maximum value which can be moved by the displacement/speed measuring device, the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 sends a surface temperature signal of the sample 8 to the controller in real time, and the controller controls the power device to drive the movable clamp part to move by the set maximum value;
s4, when the highest temperature of the sample 8 collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 exceeds a set value, the controller firstly controls the power device to reduce to a set output power, and at the moment, the displacement/speed measuring device 11 feeds back the real-time displacement/speed information of the movable clamp part to the controller until the highest temperature of the sample 8 collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is lower than a set temperature value.
Finally, the test sample 8 is tested with optimized efficiency within the set maximum temperature range, thereby greatly improving the test efficiency.
The true stress-strain curve is shown in fig. 4, considering the effect of temperature on it as follows:
1. as the temperature increases, a recovery and recrystallization, so-called softening, is transmitted, which eliminates and partially eliminates the strain hardening phenomenon;
2. along with the temperature rise, the thermal motion of atoms is intensified, the kinetic energy is increased, the bonding force among atoms is weakened, and the critical shear stress is reduced;
3. with the temperature rise, the limiting tissue of the material changes, and the multiphase tissue may change into the unidirectional tissue.
In fact, during the test, the rate of change of the surface temperature of the sample is closely related to the deformation speed of the sample, because the temperature is a physical quantity representing the cold and hot degree of the object, and microscopically, the intensity of the thermal motion of atomic molecules of the object. According to the law, the surface temperature of the material is related to the atomic molecular thermal motion of the material, the more the thermal motion is, the larger the internal energy of the material is, the higher the surface temperature is, the more the internal energy of the material is, the more the surface temperature is, the more the internal energy of the material is, the experiment speed of a mechanical experiment can be increased or decreased indirectly, the speed of doing work on a sample can be increased or decreased, and then the amount of the atomic molecular thermal motion is increased or decreased, so that the purpose of controlling the real temperature rise rate of the surface of the sample is achieved, and through the principle, the proportional.
The table above shows the surface temperature change of the ptfe dumbbell at different speeds.
In combination with the above effects it can be deduced that: by temperature rise control, the adverse effects of reduced tensile strength and increased strain caused by excessive softening of the sample due to thermal movement of atomic molecules during test can be effectively avoided; the test efficiency can be improved to the maximum extent under the condition that the surface temperature of the material can be controlled within a safe range through temperature rise control; the temperature rise control can replace the influence of the quenching effect on the material generated by the traditional water cooling temperature reduction method in a high-frequency mechanical test, and the mechanical property of the material is more truly reflected. Based on the above motivation, the applicant proposes the following embodiments:
as shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of the surface of a material comprises a testing machine and an infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 for measuring the temperature of the surface of the material of a sample 8, wherein the testing machine comprises a power system, a controller, a clamp assembly for clamping the sample and a cross beam 5 connected with a movable clamp part 2, the controller is electrically connected with the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 and receives signals from the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3, a temperature control program for adjusting the test speed according to the change of the temperature rise rate of the surface of the sample 8 in real time is arranged in the controller, the controller is electrically connected with the power system and sends control signals to the power system, wherein the temperature control program can set that the whole process of the safe temperature test of the surface of the sample does not exceed the temperature, the temperature required to be kept before the constant temperature test is finished, the whole process of the safe temperature rise rate test, Constant temperature rising rate test is carried out on one or more combinations of temperature rising rates required to be maintained in the whole process.
In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism mainly includes a beam 5, a load sensor, and a table 1. The workbench 1 is a main supporting piece of a host, all transmission systems are arranged on the workbench 1, a motor reducer system is arranged at the lower part of the workbench 1, the output of the reducer is connected with a screw rod 9 arranged on the workbench 1 through a synchronous cog belt 10, and the rotation of the motor drives the screw rod 9 to rotate. A screw nut is arranged on the screw rod 9, the screw nut and the cross beam 5 are fixed into a whole, the cross beam 5 can move up and down when the screw rod 9 rotates, and all experimental processes are realized by the up-and-down movement of the cross beam 5;
the electric appliance control part comprises a strong electric operation button and an electric appliance control box. The strong current operation panel comprises a motor switch and an emergency stop button, and forms a strong current control part of the system together with the strong current panel; still include stroke stop device, realize through photoelectricity travel switch near movable cross beam 5, it is suitable with position adjustment before the experiment, protect the machine.
In this embodiment, the power system includes a servo motor 6, the controller is electrically connected to the servo motor 6, and the servo motor 6 includes a servo driver and a motor controlled by the servo driver.
In the embodiment, the power system is mainly used for moving the beam 5 of the testing machine, and the working principle of the power system is that a servo system controls a motor, and the motor drives a screw rod 9 to move through a transmission mechanism, so that the aim of controlling the beam 5 to move is fulfilled; by changing the rotational speed of the motor, the moving speed of the cross beam 5 can be changed. The motor of the electronic tensile testing machine is a three-phase motor or a variable frequency motor, the embodiment adopts a full-digital alternating-current servo motor 6, adopts full-digital pulse control, has a wide speed regulation range which can reach (0.001-1000) mm/min, is accurate in control and positioning, and is quick in response, and the full speed can be reached in 0.01 second;
in particular, in addition to this embodiment, there is a hydraulic testing machine, in this case, the power system is a servo valve and a hydraulic source 603, and the servo valve dynamically controls the power output of the hydraulic source 603, and is mainly applied to a test with a large magnitude.
In this embodiment, infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is including installing locating support 4 on the testing machine and installing infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 on locating support 4, the installation department of adjusting locating support 4 on the testing machine makes infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 aim at the 8 central regions of sample that are located between anchor clamps 2 with the biggest visual angle, simultaneously for avoiding anchor clamps 2 to shelter from 8 central regions of sample, install locating support 4 on anchor clamps 2, down, it is preceding, back, left and right, arbitrary one side, in order to guarantee that infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 can be as complete as possible the sample central region as the standard.
The infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 outputs the highest temperature or the lowest temperature or the temperature of a designated point in the whole or a certain area of the current infrared image to the controller in an analog signal mode.
Preferably, the positioning bracket 4 is liftable, in particular, manually lifted or electrically lifted;
preferably, the positioning bracket 4 is foldable and is provided with a plurality of folding arms, and an angle adjusting device is arranged between the folding arms.
Preferably, the positioning support 4 is a flexible support, the position of the infrared thermal imaging sensor can be further adjusted by adjusting the curvature and the orientation of the positioning support 4 after the positioning support 4 is fixed, and the position of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 can be further adjusted by adjusting the curvature and the orientation of the flexible supporting part of the positioning support 4 after the positioning support 4 is fixed, so that the lens of the infrared thermal imaging sensor is aligned with the center of the sample as much as possible.
For the positioning support 4 which is electrically lifted, a servo lifting motor which controls the lifting of the positioning support 4 is included. Preferably, the servo lifting motor is electrically connected with the controller, the controller obtains the current displacement or speed of the test by receiving the signal of the displacement/speed measuring device and sends an instruction to the servo lifting motor through conversion, so that the positioning support 4 is displaced along with the deformation of the sample 8, and the tracking function is realized.
Preferably, the positioning bracket 4 is arranged on the movable side of the cross beam 5 and the worktable 1, so that the following of the test specimen 8 is better completed.
In this embodiment, locating support 4 and 2 parallel arrangement of anchor clamps, through locating support 4 that sets up the liftable, adjustment infrared thermal imaging sensor 3, infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 is just to sample 8, and the optical axis is just to sample 8 center, and to similar rubber band, plastic products's sample 8, their deformation is bigger, through locating support 4 that sets up the liftable, can carry out the temperature measurement to sample 8 deformation process better.
In this embodiment, the tester includes a displacement/velocity measuring device 11 for measuring the deformation of the test piece 8 during the test. The displacement/velocity measuring device 11 is composed of displacement sensors of different accuracies; the device is provided with two chucks which are connected with a displacement sensor arranged at the top of the measuring device through a series of transmission mechanisms, when the distance between the two chucks changes, the shaft of the displacement sensor is driven to rotate, the displacement sensor outputs a pulse signal, and the signal is processed by a controller, so that the displacement of the beam 5 can be obtained.
The displacement/speed measuring device 11 may also be composed of deformation sensors, the clamping heads of which are clamped at both ends of the sample 8 to be measured, and the advantages of the deformation sensors are as follows: compared with a displacement sensor, the deformation quantity of the sample 8 can be measured more directly, errors caused by machine gaps of the upper clamp 2, the lower clamp 2 and the cross beam 5 are avoided, and the method is generally suitable for detecting the sample 8 with smaller deformation quantity; the deformation sensor is divided into a large deformation sensor and a small deformation sensor according to measuring range, and is respectively suitable for scenes with more deformation and less deformation of the sample 8.
In this embodiment, the positioning bracket 4 includes a damping device, and the damping device is disposed at a contact position with the testing machine; this is because when sample 8 breaks suddenly in the tensile process, the impact displacement can take place for crossbeam 5, can protect infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 to a certain extent through setting up damping device, extension infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 life.
In this embodiment, the positioning bracket 4 is fixed on the cross beam 5 of the testing machine by means of screw connection, welding, adhesion, magnetic attraction or suction cup.
In this embodiment, the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 includes a detector arranged in an array for receiving infrared radiation energy from the surface of the sample 8 to be measured, and a converter for receiving the detector signal and converting the signal into an electrical signal.
In this embodiment, the controller is electrically connected to the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 in a wireless or wired manner.
In this embodiment, the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 outputs the maximum temperature or the minimum temperature or the designated point temperature of the whole current infrared image or a designated area to the controller in the form of an analog signal. The controller and the infrared thermal imaging sensor 3 transmit signals in a wireless or wired mode.
In this embodiment, the test device further includes a human-computer interaction interface 12, where the human-computer interaction interface 12 is electrically connected to the controller, and is configured to input test parameters to the controller and receive test data sent back by the controller.
In this embodiment, the system further comprises a computer terminal analysis system, the computer terminal analysis system is electrically connected with the processor and used for analyzing and processing the returned test data, and the computer terminal analysis system and the human-computer interaction interface 12 can display the values of temperature, displacement, stress, strain and the like and perform imaging expression on the corresponding relationship between every two of the values.
In this embodiment, the testing machine is a tensile testing machine, but the system is also applicable to tests with large displacement such as a fatigue test, a torsion test, a cup bursting test, a bending test and the like:
when the torsion test is carried out, the wire is twisted uniformly along a unidirectional or alternating direction by taking the test sample 8 as an axis until the test sample 8 is broken or reaches the specified torsion times, and the performance parameters such as maximum torque, torsional strength, upper yield strength, lower yield strength and the like under constant temperature rise rate can be measured by testing through a torsion testing machine.
When the fatigue test is carried out, the fatigue characteristics, the fatigue life, the prefabricated cracks and the crack propagation test of the metal, the alloy material and the components thereof under the constant temperature rise rate under the condition of tensile, compression or tensile-compression alternating load at room temperature can be measured.
The cupping test is used for measuring the cold stamping deformation performance of materials, a punch with a spherical end is pressed against a sample 8 clamped in a cushion die and a pressing film to form a dent until a penetrating crack occurs, and the depth of the dent measured by the displacement of the punch is the test result. In the application, when a fatigue test is carried out, the plastic deformation performance of the material under the constant temperature rise rate is measured.
The bending test is used for determining the mechanical property of the material when bearing bending load, during the bending test, one side of the sample 8 is in one-way tension, the other side is in one-way compression, the maximum normal stress appears on the surface of the sample and is sensitive to surface defects, and when the bending test is carried out, the ductility and the uniform ductility of the material under constant temperature rising rate are tested.
In a mechanical test, most materials pass through four stages of elasticity-yield-plasticity-fracture, the deformation rate and the surface temperature rise rate of each stage are different, the deformation rate is called strain, generally, the higher the test speed/frequency is, the larger the strain is, the higher the temperature rise rate is, and therefore, the temperature rise rate of the surface of the material can be indirectly controlled by controlling the test speed/frequency.
A large number of tests prove that: in order to more truly eliminate the influence of temperature rise generated in the test on the mechanical property of the material, the surface temperature in the test process is not more than 0.2-0.3 times of the maximum use temperature specified by the material. On the basis, the test speed can be improved as much as possible, and the aim of efficiently obtaining accurate test data can be fulfilled.
The temperature signal is monitored through thermal imaging, and the test speed is controlled; finally, the effect of controlling the surface temperature of the material is achieved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a surface of a material, comprising:
the testing machine is provided with a clamp assembly for clamping a sample, a transmission mechanism for driving the clamp assembly to apply pressure to the sample, and a power device connected with the transmission mechanism;
the method is characterized in that: the temperature acquisition device is characterized in that an infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) for acquiring the temperature of the area is arranged on one side of the clamp assembly, the clamp assembly comprises a fixed clamp part and a movable clamp part, and when the movable clamp part rotates circumferentially or moves up and down to the end position state from the initial position, the part of the sample which is pressed and deformed is positioned in the temperature acquisition area of the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3);
the output end of the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) is connected with a controller;
the controller is connected with the power device, and the temperature signal collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) can trigger the controller to send a control signal so as to adjust the power output power of the power device.
2. A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a material surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a displacement/speed measuring device is adopted to send a displacement or speed signal of the movable clamp part in the test process to the controller, and the displacement/speed instantaneously acquired by the displacement/speed measuring device exceeds the highest displacement/speed set in the controller, so that the controller immediately sends a control signal to reduce the power output power of the power device.
3. A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a material surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the testing machine is provided with a positioning support (4), and the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) is installed on the positioning support (4).
4. A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a material surface according to claim 3, wherein: and a manual adjusting mechanism is arranged between the positioning bracket (4) and the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3).
5. A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a material surface according to claim 3, wherein: the manual adjusting mechanism is a flexible connecting rod.
6. A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a material surface according to claim 3, wherein: the positioning support (4) is connected to the testing machine through a screw rod, or is welded, or is adhered, or is magnetically attracted, or is connected to the testing machine through a sucker.
7. A mechanical test system for dynamically controlling the temperature rise of a material surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power device is a servo motor.
8. A dynamic control mechanical test method for the real temperature rise rate of a sample surface is characterized in that:
an infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) is arranged on one side of a sample on an experimental machine, the temperature of a pressed deformation part of the sample is collected in real time through the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3), the temperature instantaneously collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) is compared with the highest temperature collected at the set time before the instant through a controller, and if the difference between the temperature instantaneously collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor and the highest temperature collected at the set time before the instant is in the set range, the controller does not send a power regulation control signal to regulate the power output power of a power device; if the difference is outside the set range, the controller immediately sends a power regulation control signal to adjust the power output of the power plant.
9. The method for the dynamic control mechanical test of the real temperature rise rate of the surface of the material according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: and the temperature instantaneously acquired by the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) exceeds the highest temperature set in the controller, and the controller immediately sends a power cut-off control signal to cut off the power output of the power device.
10. The method for the dynamic control mechanical test of the real temperature rise rate of the surface of the material according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: a displacement/speed measuring device is adopted to send a displacement or speed signal of the movable clamp part in the test process to the controller, and the displacement/speed instantaneously acquired by the displacement/speed measuring device exceeds the highest displacement/speed set in the controller, so that the controller immediately sends a control signal to reduce the power output power of the power device;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, before testing, firstly, a test sample (8) to be tested is arranged in a clamp assembly of the testing machine and clamped, the position of the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) is adjusted, and a lens of the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) is aligned to the middle position of the test sample (8) to be tested;
s2, starting the test, and automatically recording the initial surface temperature of the sample by the system;
s3, in the process of a test, the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) sends a surface temperature signal of the sample (8) to the controller in real time, and the controller controls the power device to drive the movable clamp part to move according to a set maximum value;
s4, when the highest temperature of the sample (8) collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) exceeds a set value, the controller firstly controls the power device to reduce to a set output power, and at the moment, the displacement/speed measuring device (11) feeds back the real-time displacement/speed information of the movable clamp part to the controller until the highest temperature of the sample (8) collected by the infrared thermal imaging sensor (3) is lower than a set temperature value.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115684271A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-02-03 | 北京迈思发展科技有限责任公司 | Formed steel bar qualification detection method based on image recognition |
| CN117454821A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-01-26 | 广东工业大学 | Power utilization frequency calculation method and system based on ceramic capacitor temperature rise |
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2021
- 2021-01-22 CN CN202110090094.6A patent/CN112903427A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115684271A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-02-03 | 北京迈思发展科技有限责任公司 | Formed steel bar qualification detection method based on image recognition |
| CN117454821A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-01-26 | 广东工业大学 | Power utilization frequency calculation method and system based on ceramic capacitor temperature rise |
| CN117454821B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-04-02 | 广东工业大学 | Power utilization frequency calculation method and system based on ceramic capacitor temperature rise |
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