CN112903346A - River-dredging lake wetland soil moisture content monitoring device and method under water level fluctuation condition - Google Patents
River-dredging lake wetland soil moisture content monitoring device and method under water level fluctuation condition Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 184
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010353 tongjiang Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 49
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GFHNAMRJFCEERV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
- G01N5/045—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder for determining moisture content
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for monitoring soil moisture content of wetland in a river-reaching lake under the condition of water level fluctuation, which comprises a bearing plate for supporting and installing the whole device; the left side and the right side of the bearing plate are respectively provided with wheels which are symmetrically used for driving the whole device to move; a movable cavity is formed in one side of the top of the bearing plate, a sampling device used for sampling soil is arranged in the movable cavity, and a working system used for soil sample detection is arranged on the side face, located on the sampling device, of the bearing plate. The wetland soil can be sampled and the water content can be measured under the condition of lake water level fluctuation, and a detection result can be obtained in a short time, so that reliable data can be provided for lake treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for monitoring soil moisture content of wetland in a river-reaching lake under the condition of water level fluctuation, belonging to the technical field of soil detection equipment.
Background
Moisture is a source of life and one of the essential conditions for living organisms to live. In a region, the moisture content of soil directly influences the growth condition of crops in the region and is also one of important factors influencing the quality and yield of the crops. Therefore, proper moisture of soil is a key factor for plant survival. The detection of the soil moisture content is a key technology for controlling the soil moisture. The soil water content detected by a scientific method is the basis for realizing the control of the soil water content. If the soil water content can be accurately detected, the method is not only favorable for the growth of plants, but also has very important significance for realizing accurate irrigation and saving water resources.
Common soil water content detection methods include drying, tensiometer, neutron, dielectric, and the like. The drying method is to collect soil samples, heat the samples to constant weight, and calculate the water loss and water content. The tensiometer is a measuring instrument with simple structure and low price, but the water content of soil needs to be converted according to a certain curve when the tensiometer is used. Because the internal physical properties of soil are different, the soil moisture is greatly influenced, and the soil moisture has various energy states, the tensiometer method for measuring the soil moisture content usually generates larger errors, especially under the condition of extreme moisture content. In addition to this, the method itself has a hysteresis response, which affects the measurement speed. The neutron instrument method can measure the moisture content of the large-volume soil, can continuously and repeatedly monitor at fixed points on the premise of not damaging the soil structure, and can quickly and accurately obtain the dynamic motion rule of the soil moisture of the sampling point; however, the neutron instrument has poor vertical resolution, is difficult to measure the water content of shallow soil with close relation to crop growth, and is expensive. During measurement, radiation leakage is easy to cause damage to human bodies, so that the use and popularization of the device are greatly limited. The dielectric method is a method for measuring the water content of soil by using the dielectric characteristics of the soil. The method mainly comprises the following steps: microwave absorption, frequency domain decomposition, high frequency capacitance, time domain reflectometry, standing wave ratio, and the like. In conclusion, the drying method is the most safe detection method with the lowest cost.
The Chinese patent with publication number CN205538541U discloses a portable soil sample moisture content tester, which comprises a box body, wherein a weighing device and a drying device are respectively arranged in the box body, a quality reading display is arranged on the weighing device, a first storage box is arranged on the weighing device, and a second storage box is arranged on the drying device; still include a bull stick, bull stick one end with put thing box one and connect, the bull stick other end with put thing box two and be connected. Although the utility model is convenient to carry, convenient to operate integrally and high in precision; the weighing, displaying and drying are integrated, human errors are reduced, efficiency is improved, and the device is convenient to use, but has potential safety hazards.
Chinese patent publication No. CN103592248A discloses a colorimetric determination method for soil moisture content, which comprises leaching a soil sample to be detected by taking 0.1-30 g/L cobalt chloride hexahydrate organic solution as a color developing agent, removing solid substances to obtain a solution to be detected, and determining the absorbance of the solution to be detected under the wavelength of 380-680 nm; searching the corresponding soil moisture content on the established absorbance-soil moisture content standard curve according to the absorbance obtained in the previous step; or substituting the absorbance obtained in the previous step into the established absorbance-soil moisture content standard curve equation to obtain the corresponding soil moisture content. The water content measuring method is not influenced by soil types, components, volume weights, disturbance and the like, errors can be controlled to be below 2%, and the method is a universal soil moisture content detecting method; the method is suitable for rapid field measurement in the field and rapid laboratory determination of the water content of the soil sample, but errors may occur during reading of absorbance values and during formula substitution in the later period.
Chinese patent publication No. CN104407021A discloses a soil moisture content measuring device. The device comprises a power supply, a sensor probe, a protective resistor and a data acquisition instrument. When the moisture content is measured, a sensor probe is required to be placed at a specified position on site, the resistivity of the position is measured, measurement data are collected through a data collector, different measurement voltages can be caused by different resistivities, and finally the corresponding moisture content is measured through a voltage-moisture content curve. However, the magnitude of the resistance is greatly influenced by the soil texture, such as particle distribution, temperature difference and the like, and therefore, the error of the measurement result can be large.
When the soil moisture content of the lake wetland soil is detected, the deep soil below the earth surface and the soil in a river channel need to be sampled and detected, the vehicle is inconvenient to drive in an exploration site, and the lake water level fluctuation makes the sampling environment more complex, so that adverse effects are generated on exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a device and a method for monitoring the soil moisture content of wetland soil of a lake through river under the condition of water level fluctuation, which are simple and convenient to operate, can sample the wetland soil and measure the moisture content under the condition of lake water level fluctuation, can obtain a detection result in a short time, and provide reliable data for lake treatment.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: a device for monitoring the soil moisture content of wetland in a river-reaching lake under the condition of water level fluctuation comprises a bearing plate for supporting and mounting the whole device; the left side and the right side of the bearing plate are respectively provided with wheels which are symmetrically used for driving the whole device to move; a movable cavity is formed in one side of the top of the bearing plate, a sampling device used for sampling soil is arranged in the movable cavity, and a working system used for soil sample detection is arranged on the side face, located on the sampling device, of the bearing plate.
The loading board is the cuboid, the wheel is installed on the wheel roller, the wheel roller rotates and installs on the loading board, the wheel is total four, the outer fringe of wheel is provided with the antiskid tooth of equipartition.
The bottom bilateral symmetry processing of loading board has the standing groove, standing groove internally mounted has the pivot, be connected with the bracing piece in the pivot, the bracing piece outside is equipped with the spiral, wheel and bracing piece combination are in order to adapt to complicated topography.
The sampling device comprises a fixed rod, a rotatable universal clamp is mounted on the fixed rod, a hollow threaded rod is fixed by the universal clamp, a push rod is arranged inside the hollow threaded rod and extends out of the top end of the hollow threaded rod, a pushing block is fixed to the bottom end of the push rod and arranged inside the hollow threaded rod, a rubber ring is pasted at the outer end of the pushing block, and the rubber ring is arranged on the annular inner wall of the hollow threaded rod.
The working system comprises a detection table, the detection table is fixedly connected with a bearing plate through a bolt, a heating groove is formed in the center of the detection table, an infrared drying instrument and a temperature sensor are arranged in the heating groove, a sample box is arranged above the infrared drying instrument, a support frame is arranged below the sample box, a pressure sensor is arranged between the support frame and the detection table, a sealed cavity is formed in the outer portion of the sample box, a sealing door is arranged on the sealed cavity, a handle is arranged on the sealing door, an exhaust pipe is arranged at the top of the sealed cavity, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
Sampling device can be to the soil sampling of darker position, and the back is accomplished in the sampling, makes to promote the piece motion to cavity threaded rod bottom through pressing down the push rod to in releasing sample soil to the sample box, prevent to influence the precision that next department soil detected.
The sample box top is equipped with the puddler, the shaft coupling is connected to the puddler top, the motor is installed to the top of shaft coupling, the motor is installed in the protection casing, install the switch on the left side outer wall of protection casing, the protection casing welding is at the sealed chamber top.
The motor drives the stirring rod to continuously rotate in the sample box through the coupler, so that the soil is uniformly heated, and meanwhile, the soil is crushed, and the moisture evaporation is accelerated.
And a pressure display screen and a temperature display screen are arranged at the top of the sealing cavity and used for displaying the reading of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor.
The use method of the device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland in the Yangtze river lake under the condition of water level fluctuation comprises the following steps:
step 1: when the device is in actual use, the device is placed on the ground, the anti-skid teeth are in contact with the ground, the sampling device is positioned above the ground at the moment, then the hollow threaded rod of the sampling device is moved downwards to the required depth in soil, the soil in the hollow threaded rod is sampling soil at the moment, and then the hollow threaded rod is moved upwards;
step 2: clamping a hollow threaded rod by using a universal clamp, then opening a sealing door of a sealing cavity, drawing out a sample box, then rotating a sampling device around the universal clamp for fixing the hollow threaded rod, so that the sampling device is rotated to a proper angle to be convenient for pushing sampling soil into the sample box, then pressing a push rod, so that a push block is driven to move, and further a rubber ring is driven to move along the inside of the hollow threaded rod;
step 3: after the sample box is placed in a sealing cavity, a sealing door is closed, readings of a temperature display screen and a pressure display screen are recorded, an exhaust valve on an exhaust pipe is opened, an infrared drying instrument is started to heat a soil sample, moisture in the soil is evaporated continuously and is exhausted through the exhaust pipe, then a switch on a protective cover is opened, a motor is started, the motor drives a stirring rod to rotate continuously through a coupler, the soil is heated uniformly, the soil is crushed, the moisture evaporation is accelerated, after the heating is carried out for a period of time, when the readings of the pressure display screen are kept constant for a period of time, the infrared drying instrument, the exhaust valve and the switch are closed, the readings of the temperature display screen and the pressure display screen are recorded, the weight of the dry soil is calculated according to the readings of the pressure display;
step 4: after the detection of the soil moisture content at the position is finished, taking out a soil sample in the sample box, closing the sealing door, opening the infrared drying instrument and the exhaust valve, heating for 3-5 minutes, further discharging water vapor in the sealing cavity, preventing the influence on the precision of the next detection result, and then carrying out sampling detection on the next measuring point by using the sampling device to obtain the soil moisture content of the measuring point until all detections are finished.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the anti-skid teeth are arranged on the wheels, so that the device is prevented from being sunk into sludge, and the matching use of the wheels and the supporting rods can ensure that the device is effectively suitable for complex terrains in a river channel and can measure the soil moisture content of the lake wetland under the condition of water level fluctuation.
2. Sampling device can sample the soil in deep soil below the earth's surface and the river course, makes to promote the piece and release the soil of sampling through the push rod of pushing down, then carries out the testing analysis to the soil of sampling through work system, prevents to influence the precision that next department soil detected.
3. Adopt the motor to pass through the shaft coupling and drive the puddler and constantly rotate, both can alleviate staff's amount of labour, also can guarantee that soil is heated evenly, with soil breakage simultaneously for water evaporation shortens check-out time, effectively improves soil detection efficiency.
4. The device is simple and convenient to use and operate, integrates soil sampling and moisture content detection, can effectively perform sampling detection on the lake wetland soil, and provides reliable basis for subsequent lake treatment.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the working system in the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1 of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wheel in the device of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a relationship between the water level of a lake and the water content of soil.
In the figure: the device comprises a bearing plate 1, a sampling device 2, a working system 3, wheels 4, wheel rollers 5, a placement groove 6, a movable cavity 7, a rotating shaft 8, a supporting rod 9, a screw 10, a fixing rod 11, a universal clamp 12, a push rod 13, a hollow threaded rod 14, a rubber ring 15, a pushing block 16, a detection table 17, a heating groove 18, an infrared drying instrument 19, a temperature sensor 20, a sample box 21, a support frame 22, a pressure sensor 23, a stirring rod 24, a coupler 25, a motor 26, a protective cover 27, a switch 28, a bolt 29, a sealed cavity 30, a sealed door 31, a handle 32, an exhaust pipe 33, an exhaust valve 34, a temperature display screen 35, a pressure display screen 36 and anti-skid teeth 37.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-5, a device for monitoring the soil moisture content of wetland in a river-dredging lake under the condition of water level fluctuation comprises a bearing plate 1 for supporting and mounting the whole device; the left side and the right side of the bearing plate 1 are respectively and symmetrically provided with wheels 4 for driving the whole device to move; the soil sample detection device is characterized in that a movable cavity 7 is arranged on one side of the top of the bearing plate 1, a sampling device 2 used for sampling soil is arranged in the movable cavity 7, and a working system 3 used for soil sample detection is arranged on the bearing plate 1 and on the side face of the sampling device 2. By adopting the monitoring device, the operation is simple and convenient, the wetland soil can be sampled and the water content can be measured under the condition of the fluctuation of the lake water level, the detection result can be obtained in a short time, and reliable data can be provided for the treatment of the lake.
Further, loading board 1 is the cuboid, wheel 4 installs on wheel roller 5, wheel roller 5 rotates and installs on loading board 1, wheel 4 is total four, the outer fringe of wheel 4 is provided with the antiskid tooth 37 of equipartition. The wheels 4 ensure that the bicycle can normally walk.
Further, the bottom bilateral symmetry of loading board 1 is processed there is standing groove 6, standing groove 6 internally mounted has pivot 8, be connected with bracing piece 9 in the pivot 8, the bracing piece 9 outside is equipped with spiral 10, wheel 4 and bracing piece 9 combination are in order to adapt to complicated topography.
Furthermore, the sampling device 2 comprises a fixing rod 11, a rotatable universal clamp 12 is mounted on the fixing rod 11, a hollow threaded rod 14 is fixed by the universal clamp 12, a push rod 13 is arranged inside the hollow threaded rod 14, the push rod 13 extends out of the top end of the hollow threaded rod 14, a pushing block 16 is fixed at the bottom end of the push rod 13, the pushing block 16 is arranged inside the hollow threaded rod 14, a rubber ring 15 is pasted at the outer end of the pushing block 16, and the rubber ring 15 is arranged on the annular inner wall of the hollow threaded rod 14. In the specific use, when needing the sampling, sampling device 2 is in ground top, then moves sampling device 2's hollow threaded rod 14 to the inside demand degree of depth of soil downwards, and the soil of the inside of hollow threaded rod 14 is sampling soil this moment, then moves up hollow threaded rod 14, because sampling soil has humidity, so sampling soil adhesion is inside hollow threaded rod 14 to with hollow threaded rod 14 upward movement together, take out hollow threaded rod 14 from activity cavity 7.
Further, operating system 3 is including examining test table 17, it passes through bolt 29 and 1 fixed connection of loading board to examine test table 17, it is provided with heating tank 18 to examine test table 17 center department, heating tank 18 is inside to be provided with infrared drying instrument 19 and temperature sensor 20, 19 tops of infrared drying instrument are provided with sample box 21, sample box 21 below is equipped with support frame 22, support frame 22 and examine and be provided with pressure sensor 23 between the test table 17, the outside of sample box 21 is equipped with sealed chamber 30, be provided with sealing door 31 on the sealed chamber 30, there is handle 32 on the sealing door 31, sealed chamber 30 top is equipped with blast pipe 33, be equipped with discharge valve 34 on the blast pipe 33. The moisture content can be measured by the above-described operation system 3. In the working process, after the sample box 21 is placed in the sealed cavity 30, the sealing door 31 is closed, the readings of the temperature display screen 35 and the pressure display screen 36 are recorded, the exhaust valve 34 on the exhaust pipe 33 is opened, the infrared drying instrument 19 is started to heat the soil sample, the moisture in the soil is continuously evaporated and is exhausted through the exhaust pipe 33, then the switch 28 on the protective cover 27 is opened, the motor 26 is started, the motor 26 drives the stirring rod 24 to start to rotate continuously through the coupler 25, the soil is ensured to be heated uniformly, meanwhile, the soil is crushed to accelerate the evaporation of water, after the soil is heated for a period of time, when the reading of the pressure display screen 36 is kept constant for 5 minutes, the infrared dryer 19, the exhaust valve 34 and the switch 28 are closed, the readings of the temperature display screen 35 and the pressure display screen 36 are recorded, the weight of the dry soil is calculated from the reading of the pressure display 36 and then the water content is calculated.
Further, sampling device 2 can be to the soil sampling of deep position, and the back is accomplished in the sampling, makes to promote piece 16 and move to hollow threaded rod 14 bottom through pressing down push rod 13 to in pushing out sample box 21 with the soil of sampling, prevent to influence the precision that next soil detected.
Further, be equipped with puddler 24 above sample box 21, shaft coupling 25 is connected to puddler 24 top, motor 26 is installed to the top of shaft coupling 25, motor 26 installs in protection casing 27, install switch 28 on the left side outer wall of protection casing 27, protection casing 27 welds at sealed chamber 30 top.
Further, motor 26 passes through shaft coupling 25 and drives puddler 24 and constantly rotate in sample box 21, guarantees that soil is heated evenly, simultaneously with the soil breakage for the evaporation of water.
Further, a pressure display screen 36 and a temperature display screen 35 are arranged on the top of the sealed cavity 30 to display the readings of the pressure sensor 23 and the temperature sensor 20.
Example 2:
the use method of the device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland in the Yangtze river lake under the condition of water level fluctuation comprises the following steps:
step 1: when the device is actually used, the device is placed on the ground, the anti-skid teeth 37 are in contact with the ground, so that the stability of the device and the ground is effectively improved, the sampling device 2 is located above the ground, the hollow threaded rod 14 of the sampling device 2 is moved downwards to a required depth in soil, the soil in the hollow threaded rod 14 is sampling soil, the hollow threaded rod 14 is moved upwards, and the sampling soil adheres to the interior of the hollow threaded rod 14 due to humidity of the sampling soil, so that the sampling soil and the hollow threaded rod 14 move upwards together, and the hollow threaded rod 14 is taken out of the movable cavity 7.
Step 2: the hollow threaded rod 14 is fixedly clamped by the universal clamp 12, then the sealing door 31 of the sealing cavity 30 is opened, the sample box 21 is drawn out, the sampling device 2 is then rotated about the universal clamp 12, which secures the hollow threaded rod 14, to rotate the sampling device 2 to the appropriate angle, facilitating the pushing of the sampled soil into the sample cartridge 21, then the push rod 13 is pressed, thereby driving the push block 16 to move, further driving the rubber ring 15 to move along the inner part of the hollow threaded rod 14, when the pushing block 16 moves to the bottom of the hollow threaded rod 14, the pushing block 16 pushes the sampling soil into the sample box 21, meanwhile, the rubber ring 15 moves along the inner wall of the hollow threaded rod 14 to clean the inside of the hollow threaded rod 14, the push rod 13 can be repeatedly pushed and pulled up and down for 1 to 3 times, so that the soil in the hollow threaded rod 14 is completely fallen into the sample box 21, therefore, the detection precision is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the previous soil exists in the hollow threaded rod 14 when the next soil is detected.
Step 3: after putting sample box 21 into sealed chamber 30, close sealing door 31, note the reading of temperature display screen 35 and pressure display screen 36, open discharge valve 34 on blast pipe 33, open infrared drying instrument 19 and heat the soil sample, moisture in the soil is constantly evaporated and is discharged through blast pipe 33, then open switch 28 on protection casing 27, start motor 26, motor 26 drives puddler 24 through shaft coupling 25 and begins constantly to rotate, guarantee that the soil is heated evenly, simultaneously with the soil breakage, accelerate moisture evaporation, after heating a period, when pressure display screen 36's reading keeps invariable 5 minutes, close infrared drying instrument 19, discharge valve 34 and switch 28, note the reading of temperature display screen 35 and pressure display screen 36, calculate the weight of dry soil according to pressure display screen 36's reading, then calculate the moisture content.
Step 4: after the detection of the soil moisture content at the position is finished, taking out the soil sample in the sample box 21, closing the sealing door 31, opening the infrared drying instrument 19 and the exhaust valve 34, heating for 3-5 minutes, further discharging water vapor in the sealing cavity 30 to prevent the influence on the precision of the next detection result, and then carrying out sampling detection on the next measuring point by using the sampling device 2 to obtain the soil moisture content of the measuring point until all detections are finished.
The device is used for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland in a lake through the river, the soil texture, the topography and the like are comprehensively considered, an equidistant sampling method is adopted, a sampling scheme is designed, the area of each sampling point is equal, the sampling depth is 15-20 cm, an average value is obtained after the soil moisture content of each sampling point is detected by using the device, and fig. 5 shows the change relation between the water level of the lake and the soil moisture content. As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the lake water level is not changed significantly, the soil moisture content is maintained in a stable state without large fluctuation, and when the lake water level rises significantly, the soil moisture content also rises, the overall fluctuation is small, and the response to the water level has a hysteresis effect.
Example 3:
when the device is used for measuring the water content of the lake soil, in order to avoid the influence on the subsequent detection result caused by the fact that a water body contacts a hollow threaded rod in the sampling device before detection, the device disclosed by the invention needs to perform overwater operation when sampling the river soil, and the using method of the device disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of:
step 1: move sampling device 2 up to the 1 top of loading board, clip sampling device 2 with general purpose clamp 12 is fixed, then take out four spinal branch vaulting poles 9 from standing groove 6, adjust the angle of bracing piece 9 through pivot 8, make bracing piece 9 insert in lakebed earth, then adjust the length of four spinal branch vaulting poles 9 through spiral 10, make whole device remain stable and level, be convenient for follow-up collection soil sample and survey soil moisture content.
Step 2: at this moment, the sampling device 2 is located above the lake surface, the universal clamp 12 is loosened, then the hollow threaded rod 14 of the sampling device 2 is moved downwards to the required depth inside the soil, at this moment, the soil inside the hollow threaded rod 14 is sampling soil, then the hollow threaded rod 14 is moved upwards, and the sampling soil is adhered inside the hollow threaded rod 14 due to the fact that the sampling soil has humidity, so that the sampling soil moves upwards together with the hollow threaded rod 14, and the hollow threaded rod 14 is taken out of the movable cavity 7.
Step 3: the hollow threaded rod 14 is fixedly clamped by the universal clamp 12, then the sealing door 31 of the sealing cavity 30 is opened, the sample box 21 is drawn out, the sampling device 2 is then rotated about the universal clamp 12, which secures the hollow threaded rod 14, to rotate the sampling device 2 to the appropriate angle, facilitating the pushing of the sampled soil into the sample cartridge 21, then the push rod 13 is pressed, thereby driving the push block 16 to move, further driving the rubber ring 15 to move along the inner part of the hollow threaded rod 14, when the pushing block 16 moves to the bottom of the hollow threaded rod 14, the pushing block 16 pushes the sampling soil into the sample box 21, meanwhile, the rubber ring 15 moves along the inner wall of the hollow threaded rod 14 to clean the inside of the hollow threaded rod 14, the push rod 13 can be repeatedly pushed and pulled up and down for 1 to 3 times, so that the soil in the hollow threaded rod 14 is completely fallen into the sample box 21, therefore, the detection precision is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the previous soil exists in the hollow threaded rod 14 when the next soil is detected.
Step 4: after putting sample box 21 into sealed chamber 30, close sealing door 31, note the reading of temperature display screen 35 and pressure display screen 36, open discharge valve 34 on blast pipe 33, open infrared drying instrument 19 and heat the soil sample, moisture in the soil is constantly evaporated and is discharged through blast pipe 33, then open switch 28 on protection casing 27, start motor 26, motor 26 drives puddler 24 through shaft coupling 25 and begins constantly to rotate, guarantee that the soil is heated evenly, simultaneously with the soil breakage, accelerate moisture evaporation, after heating a period, when pressure display screen 36's reading keeps invariable 5 minutes, close infrared drying instrument 19, discharge valve 34 and switch 28, note the reading of temperature display screen 35 and pressure display screen 36, calculate the weight of dry soil according to pressure display screen 36's reading, then calculate the moisture content.
Step 5: after the detection of the soil moisture content at the position is finished, taking out the soil sample in the sample box 21, closing the sealing door 31, opening the infrared drying instrument 19 and the exhaust valve 34, heating for 3-5 minutes, further discharging water vapor in the sealing cavity 30 to prevent the influence on the precision of the next detection result, and then carrying out sampling detection on the next measuring point by using the sampling device 2 to obtain the soil moisture content of the measuring point until all detections are finished.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a river-passing lake wetland soil moisture content monitoring devices under water level fluctuation condition which characterized in that: the device comprises a bearing plate (1) for supporting and mounting the whole device; the left side and the right side of the bearing plate (1) are respectively and symmetrically provided with wheels (4) for driving the whole device to move; the soil sample detection device is characterized in that a movable cavity (7) is arranged on one side of the top of the bearing plate (1), a sampling device (2) used for adopting soil is arranged in the movable cavity (7), and a working system (3) used for soil sample detection is arranged on the bearing plate (1) and on the side face of the sampling device (2).
2. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bearing plate (1) is a cuboid, the wheels (4) are installed on the wheel rollers (5), the wheel rollers (5) are installed on the bearing plate (1) in a rotating mode, the number of the wheels (4) is four, and the outer edges of the wheels (4) are provided with evenly distributed anti-skidding teeth (37).
3. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bearing plate is characterized in that placing grooves (6) are symmetrically machined in two sides of the bottom end of the bearing plate (1), a rotating shaft (8) is installed inside the placing grooves (6), a supporting rod (9) is connected to the rotating shaft (8), a spiral (10) is arranged on the outer side of the supporting rod (9), and the wheel (4) and the supporting rod (9) are combined to adapt to complex terrains.
4. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: sampling device (2) include dead lever (11), install rotatable general purpose clamp (12) on dead lever (11), general purpose clamp (12) are fixed cavity threaded rod (14), cavity threaded rod (14) inside is equipped with push rod (13), cavity threaded rod (14) top is extended in push rod (13), push rod (13) bottom mounting has and promotes piece (16), it establishes inside cavity threaded rod (14) to promote piece (16), it has rubber circle (15) to paste in promotion piece (16) outer end, rubber circle (15) are established on cavity threaded rod (14) annular inner wall.
5. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the working system (3) comprises a detection table (17), the detection table (17) is fixedly connected with the bearing plate (1) through a bolt (29), a heating groove (18) is arranged at the center of the detection table (17), an infrared drying instrument (19) and a temperature sensor (20) are arranged in the heating groove (18), a sample box (21) is arranged above the infrared drying instrument (19), a support frame (22) is arranged below the sample box (21), a pressure sensor (23) is arranged between the supporting frame (22) and the detection platform (17), a sealing cavity (30) is arranged outside the sample box (21), a sealing door (31) is arranged on the sealing cavity (30), there is handle (32) on sealing door (31), sealed chamber (30) top is equipped with blast pipe (33), be equipped with discharge valve (34) on blast pipe (33).
6. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: sampling device (2) can be to the soil sampling of darker position, and the back is accomplished in the sampling, makes to promote piece (16) and move to cavity threaded rod (14) bottom through pushing down push rod (13) to in releasing sample soil to sample box (21), prevent to influence the precision that next department soil detected.
7. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 5, wherein: sample box (21) top is equipped with puddler (24), shaft coupling (25) are connected to puddler (24) top, motor (26) are installed to the top of shaft coupling (25), install in protection casing (27) motor (26), install switch (28) on the left side outer wall of protection casing (27), protection casing (27) welding is at sealed chamber (30) top.
8. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the motor (26) drives the stirring rod (24) to continuously rotate in the sample box (21) through the coupler (25), so that the soil is uniformly heated, and meanwhile, the soil is broken to accelerate water evaporation.
9. The device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the water level fluctuation condition according to claim 5, wherein: and a pressure display screen (36) and a temperature display screen (35) are arranged at the top of the sealed cavity (30) and used for displaying the reading of the pressure sensor (23) and the temperature sensor (20).
10. The use method of the device for monitoring the soil moisture content of the wetland of the Tongjiang lake under the condition of water level fluctuation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: when the device is in actual use, the device is placed on the ground, the anti-skid teeth (37) are in contact with the ground, the sampling device (2) is located above the ground, then the hollow threaded rod (14) of the sampling device (2) is moved downwards to the depth required by the interior of soil, the soil inside the hollow threaded rod (14) is sampling soil, then the hollow threaded rod (14) is moved upwards, and the sampling soil adheres to the interior of the hollow threaded rod (14) due to the fact that the sampling soil has humidity, so that the sampling soil and the hollow threaded rod (14) move upwards together, and the hollow threaded rod (14) is taken out of the movable cavity (7);
step 2: the method comprises the steps of fixedly clamping a hollow threaded rod (14) by a universal clamp (12), then opening a sealing door (31) of a sealing cavity (30), drawing out a sample box (21), then rotating a sampling device (2) around the universal clamp (12) for fixing the hollow threaded rod (14), rotating the sampling device (2) to a proper angle, conveniently pushing sampling soil into the sample box (21), then pressing a push rod (13), driving a pushing block (16) to move, further driving a rubber ring (15) to move along the inside of the hollow threaded rod (14), when the pushing block (16) moves to the bottom of the hollow threaded rod (14), pushing the sampling soil into the sample box (21) by the pushing block (16), simultaneously moving the rubber ring (15) along the inner wall of the hollow threaded rod (14) to clean the inside of the hollow threaded rod (14), repeatedly pushing and pulling the push rod (13) up and down for many times, the soil in the hollow threaded rod (14) is completely dropped into the sample box (21), so that the detection precision is prevented from being influenced by the fact that the previous soil exists in the hollow threaded rod (14) when the next soil is detected;
step 3: after a sample box (21) is placed in a sealed cavity (30), a sealing door (31) is closed, readings of a temperature display screen (35) and a pressure display screen (36) are recorded, an exhaust valve (34) on an exhaust pipe (33) is opened, an infrared drying instrument (19) is started to heat a soil sample, moisture in the soil is continuously evaporated and is exhausted through the exhaust pipe (33), a switch (28) on a protective cover (27) is then opened, a motor (26) is started, the motor (26) drives a stirring rod (24) to start to continuously rotate through a coupler (25), the soil is guaranteed to be uniformly heated, the soil is simultaneously crushed, the moisture evaporation is accelerated, after the soil is heated for a period of time, when the readings of the pressure display screen (36) are kept constant for a period of time, the infrared drying instrument (19), the exhaust valve (34) and the switch (28) are closed, the readings of the temperature display screen (35) and the pressure display screen, calculating the weight of the dry soil according to the reading of the pressure display screen (36), and then calculating the water content;
step 4: after the detection of the soil moisture content at the position is finished, taking out a soil sample in the sample box (21), closing the sealing door (31), opening the infrared drying instrument (19) and the exhaust valve (34), heating for 3-5 minutes, further discharging water vapor in the sealing cavity (30) to prevent the influence on the precision of the next detection result, and then carrying out sampling detection on the next measuring point by using the sampling device (2) to obtain the soil moisture content of the measuring point until all detections are finished.
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| CN113504270A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-10-15 | 中南大学 | Cohesive soil water content tester and method based on heating vaporization method |
| CN114112779A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-03-01 | 安徽省公众检验研究院有限公司 | Rapid detection device and method for detecting moisture content in food |
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| CN207051137U (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2018-02-27 | 北京中色资源环境工程股份有限公司 | A kind of device for fast detecting of soil moisture content |
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| CN211740665U (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-10-23 | 胡著荣 | Detection sampling device for soil remediation |
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| CN113504270A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-10-15 | 中南大学 | Cohesive soil water content tester and method based on heating vaporization method |
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