CN112902149B - Combustion method of combustor with precombustion chambers arranged on two side walls of boiler - Google Patents

Combustion method of combustor with precombustion chambers arranged on two side walls of boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112902149B
CN112902149B CN202110175350.1A CN202110175350A CN112902149B CN 112902149 B CN112902149 B CN 112902149B CN 202110175350 A CN202110175350 A CN 202110175350A CN 112902149 B CN112902149 B CN 112902149B
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China
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burner
burners
combustion chamber
boiler
precombustion chamber
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CN112902149A (en
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陈智超
乔彦宇
关硕
曾令艳
李争起
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/20—Feeding/conveying devices
    • F23K2203/201—Feeding/conveying devices using pneumatic means

Abstract

A combustion method of pre-combustion chamber burners arranged on two side walls of a boiler relates to the technical field of power station boiler combustion. The invention aims to solve the problems of poor low-load stable combustion capability and NO of the existing pulverized coal fired boiler of the power stationxThe problem of high emission. The invention comprises a hearth, two groups of main burner mechanisms and two groups of precombustion chamber burner mechanisms, wherein the two groups of main burner mechanisms are oppositely arranged on two side walls of the hearth, and the two groups of precombustion chamber burner mechanisms are oppositely arranged on the other two side walls of the hearth. The invention is used for power station boilers.

Description

Combustion method of combustor with precombustion chambers arranged on two side walls of boiler
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power station boiler combustion, in particular to a combustion method of a boiler with precombustion chamber combustors arranged on two side walls.
Background
At present, a power station pulverized coal boiler is still the main power source in China, and the research of the power development planning of fourteen five in China puts forward that China strictly controls the newly increased scale of middle east coal and electricity, eliminates the backward capacity, simultaneously carries out the flexibility transformation of the coal and electricity, and changes the coal and electricity from an electric quantity type energy source to an electric power type power source. Pulverized coal boilers need to flexibly adapt to power requirements and often need to operate under low load. Therefore, ensuring the stable operation of the boiler under low load is an urgent problem to be solved in the operation of the pulverized coal boiler of the power station at present.
The pre-chamber burner can greatly improve the above problems. Because the cross section of the precombustion chamber burner has large heat load, the temperature in the precombustion chamber is quickly raised by the heat released after the coal is combusted, and the high temperature is kept, so that the precombustion chamber has good ignition and combustion performances. The low-load stable combustion can be realized by using the pre-combustion chamber combustor, the lowest load can be reduced to 10-30% under the condition of no oil injection, the peak regulation capability of the unit is greatly improved, and the operation safety is ensured.
Pulverized coal fired boilers are currently the main NO of ChinaxA source of contamination. The national environmental protection department specifically stipulates that NO is generated when a coal-fired hot water boiler with more than 7MW is used from 10 and 1 days in 2015 in the emission standard of atmospheric pollutants for boilers (GB13271-2014) issued by 5, 16 days in 2014xThe discharge amount should not exceed 400mg/m3(ii) a For focal region, NOxThe discharge amount should not exceed 200mg/m3. Thus controlling NO of pulverized coal boiler of power stationxThe discharge is not slow.
Utility model patent "a two burner arrangement that circle of cutting and hedge combined together of power plant boiler" (chinese patent number is ZL201420586490.3, and the announcement date of granting is 2015 year 3 months 18 days, and application publication number is CN204213909U, and the following is called "file one"), this patent will be applied to power plant boiler with two kinds of arrangement modes of hedge and circle of cutting on, can solve large capacity generating set boiler combustion stability, economic nature is lower and NO is a littlexLarge discharge amount and the like. However, the number of the first file combustor exceeds 8, the load of each layer of combustor is high, and ultra-low load stable combustion cannot be realized, and the first file combustor adopts two combustor structures, so that the system composition is more complex. Utility model patent valley electricity heat accumulation integrated device (patent number is ZL201921492578.8, and the grant bulletin number is CN211425164U, and the grant bulletin day is 2020, 9, 4 days, hereinafter called "file two") carries out the energy storage through the phase transition method of paraffin, realizes valley electricity heat accumulation integrated device, reaches the purpose that adapts to the electric wire netting load. The invention discloses a heat storage power station and a heat supply and power generation method thereof (the patent number is ZL201610839580.2, the publication number is CN106338213A, the publication date is 2017, 1 and 18 days, and the document is named as 'third', and the invention stores 'valley period power generation' by a method of electrically heating molten salt, so that the peak-valley difference of a power grid is relieved. However, the problems of more used equipment, complex implementation mode, low efficiency in different forms of energy conversion processes and large investment exist in the 'document two' and the 'document three'.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low-load stable combustion of the existing pulverized coal fired boiler of the power stationPoor capacity, NOxThe problem of high emission is solved, and a combustion method of arranging pre-combustion chamber burners on two side walls of the boiler is further provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the combustion system with the precombustion chamber burners on the walls of the two sides of the boiler comprises a hearth, two groups of main burner mechanisms and two groups of precombustion chamber burner mechanisms, wherein the two groups of main burner mechanisms are oppositely arranged on the walls of the two sides of the hearth, and the two groups of precombustion chamber burner mechanisms are oppositely arranged on the walls of the other two sides of the hearth.
The combustion method of the combustor with the precombustion chambers arranged on the walls at the two sides of the boiler comprises the following steps:
when the boiler is started, firstly igniting the precombustion chamber burner, continuously operating the precombustion chamber burner, introducing high-concentration pulverized coal into the precombustion chamber burner through a powder feeder, wherein pulverized coal airflow accounts for less than 20% of the air rate in the precombustion chamber, heating a cold furnace by flame of the precombustion chamber burner until the temperature of smoke in a hearth reaches a preset value, stopping the main burner at the moment, reducing the outlet temperature of the main burner, finishing the starting state of the boiler after the temperature of the smoke in the hearth reaches the preset value, closing the precombustion chamber burners one by one at the moment, starting the main burner one by one, and reducing the outlet temperature of the precombustion chamber burner;
when the boiler runs at full load, all the pre-combustion chamber combustors are in a shutdown state, a control valve of a recycling flue gas pipe is opened, and the recycling flue gas amount is 20% -25% of the total flue gas amount;
when the load of the boiler reaches the ultralow load operation below 20%, the main burner is stopped, the prechamber burner is put into operation, the outlet temperature of the main burner is reduced, the control valve of the recirculation flue gas pipe of the prechamber burner is closed, the air valve is opened, high-concentration coal powder is introduced into the prechamber burner through the powder feeder, the coal powder airflow accounts for less than 20% of the air rate in the prechamber, and the ratio of the mass flow of the coal powder in the coal powder airflow to the mass flow of the air for conveying the coal powder is 1.5: 1-2.5: 1, high-temperature flue gas is entrained inside and outside a pre-combustion chamber through rotating airflow formed by an inner secondary air blade and an outer secondary air blade to form a high-temperature backflow area of oxygen-poor fuel;
when the 20% ultra-low load operation of the boiler is finished, the load of the boiler needs to be increased, the precombustion chamber combustors stop operating one by one, the main combustors start operating one by one, and the outlet temperature of the precombustion chamber combustors is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can solve the problem of poor stable combustion capability under ultra-low load
In the first document, two arrangement modes of opposite impact and circle cutting are applied to a power station boiler, so that the problems of low combustion stability and economy of a large-capacity generator set boiler can be solved, but in the first document, each layer of the technical scheme is provided with more than 8 burners, the required load is high during operation, and the ultra-low load stable combustion effect of the boiler cannot be achieved. And the file one adopts two burner structures, and the system composition is more complicated. The burner used in the invention is a precombustion chamber burner, can realize high-concentration powder feeding, maintains high temperature in a limited heat insulation space of the precombustion chamber, and the rotating airflow at the outlet of the cyclone burner is beneficial to forming a backflow zone in the precombustion chamber and at the outlet of the precombustion chamber, so that stable combustion under low-load and ultra-low-load conditions can be ensured, and the combustion efficiency is improved. The precombustion chamber burner used in the invention is already put into use in a certain Liaoning factory, can ensure stable combustion under the condition of 10% of rated load, and the load regulation ratio can reach 10. When the boiler operates at a low load, the burner of the precombustion chamber is put into operation, so that the stable operation load range of the boiler can be greatly increased.
Secondly, the invention can flexibly adapt to the power grid requirement without energy storage equipment
The ' second ' and ' third ' documents store ' valley period power generation ' by paraffin phase change and fused salt electric heating methods respectively, and do not solve the problem of flexible peak regulation by changing a combustion organization mode, and the peak regulation mode of the ' second ' and ' third documents has complex implementation process, needs special equipment, and has low energy conversion efficiency in the whole energy storage and release process. The scheme of the invention adopts the pre-combustion chamber combustor to replace part of combustors in the power station boiler, can realize the stable operation of the boiler under ultra-low load and low load by improving the combustion organization mode, and has wide application range, low modification cost and operation cost.
Thirdly, the invention can effectively reduce NOxDischarge capacity
"document one" although capable of reducing part of NOxTotal NO emission but furnace exitxThe discharge amount is still high. And this patent replaces partial original combustor for the precombustion chamber combustor, and this patent precombustion chamber combustor is connected with high concentration powder feeding device in addition, can realize that the high concentration gives the powder, forms rich fuel lean in oxygen environment in the precombustion chamber, helps reducing the release of volatile solid fuel N, can reduce furnace export NOxAnd (5) discharging. The precombustion chamber burner used in the invention is already put into use in Liaoning factories, and NO is generated at the tail part of the boiler under the condition that a denitration device is not put into operationxThe discharge is less than 150mg/m3。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a combustion system with precombustor burners on both side walls of a boiler;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a combustion system with precombustor burners on both side walls of the boiler when n is 3;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a combustion system with precombustor burners on both side walls of the boiler when n is 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a combustion system with precombustor burners on both side walls of the boiler when n is 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the precombustor burner 3 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the combustion system with prechamber burners on two side walls of a boiler according to the embodiment includes a furnace 1, two groups of main burner mechanisms and two groups of prechamber burner mechanisms, wherein the two groups of main burner mechanisms are oppositely disposed on two side walls of the furnace 1, and the two groups of prechamber burner mechanisms are oppositely disposed on the other two side walls of the furnace 1.
The boiler is a power station boiler, in particular to a hedging type coal-fired boiler.
The second embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, each set of prechamber burner mechanism of the embodiment includes a powder feeder 4, a recirculation flue gas pipe 5, a powder storage bin 6 and a plurality of prechamber burners 3, the plurality of prechamber burners 3 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the side wall of the furnace 1, the powder outlet end of the powder storage bin 6 is connected with the powder inlet end of the powder feeder 4, the powder outlet end of the powder feeder 4 is respectively connected with the plurality of prechamber burners 3 through the powder feeding pipe, the recirculation flue gas pipe 5 is arranged on the powder feeding pipe, and the recirculation flue gas pipe 5 is provided with a control valve. Technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The precombustion chamber burner 3 is designed to be independently connected with the powder feeder 4, high-concentration powder feeding can be realized, and when the precombustion chamber burner 3 is stopped, recirculated flue gas or air is introduced to prevent the precombustion chamber burner from being burnt.
The powder feeding system consisting of the powder feeder 4 and the powder storage bin 6 can realize high-concentration powder feeding, and the mass flow ratio of coal powder in coal powder airflow to the mass flow ratio of air for conveying the coal powder can reach 1.5: 1-2.5: 1.
the third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, in which n layers of precombustion burners 3 are uniformly distributed in each group of precombustion burner mechanism, where n is a positive integer, and the n layers of precombustion burners 3 are arranged on the side wall of the furnace 1 layer by layer from bottom to top, where the lowest layer of precombustion burners 3 is arranged at the bottommost part of the side wall. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and each layer of prechamber burners 3 in each set of prechamber burner mechanisms of the present embodiment includes four prechamber burners 3 arranged in an evenly distributed manner. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, where n is 1. ltoreq. n.ltoreq.3 for n layers of precombustor burners 3 in each set of precombustor burner mechanisms in the embodiment. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment.
When n is 1, the precombustion chamber burners 3 are arranged at the bottommost layer of the side walls, 4 precombustion chamber burners 3 in each layer are arranged at equal intervals, and the precombustion chamber burners 3 on the two side walls are arranged oppositely;
when n is 2, the precombustion chamber burners 3 are arranged at two layers below the side walls, 4 precombustion chamber burners 3 at each layer are arranged at equal intervals, and the precombustion chamber burners 3 at the two side walls are arranged oppositely;
when n is 3, when n is 2, the burners 3 are arranged on the whole side wall, three layers are formed, 4 pre-combustion chamber burners 3 are arranged at equal intervals on each layer, and the pre-combustion chamber burners 3 on the two side walls are arranged oppositely.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the power of the precombustor burner 3 of the present embodiment can be adjusted. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those of the second, fourth, or fifth embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the precombustor burner 3 of the present embodiment includes a cyclone burner 7 and a precombustor 8, and the cyclone burner 7 is provided in the precombustor 8. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the sixth embodiment.
The prechamber 8 is made of a high temperature resistant heat insulating material.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the cyclone burner 7 of the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and includes a primary air duct 7-1, an inner secondary air duct 7-2, and an outer secondary air duct 7-3, which are coaxially disposed from inside to outside, an inner secondary air vane 7-4 is disposed in the inner secondary air duct 7-2, an outer secondary air vane 7-5 is disposed in the outer secondary air duct 7-3, and both the inner secondary air vane 7-4 and the outer secondary air vane 7-5 are axial vanes. The technical features not disclosed in this embodiment are the same as those in the seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, each group of main burner mechanism of the present embodiment includes a plurality of main burners 2, the plurality of main burners 2 are equally divided into three layers and disposed at the bottom of the side wall of the furnace 1, and each layer of main burners 2 includes four main burners 2 uniformly disposed therein. Technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The main burners 2 of the two side walls are arranged opposite to each other.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment will be described, and the combustion method of the present embodiment in which pre-chamber burners are provided on both side walls of a boiler includes the following steps:
when the boiler is started, firstly, the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 is ignited, the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 continuously operates, high-concentration pulverized coal is introduced into the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 through the powder feeder 4, pulverized coal airflow accounts for less than 20% of the air rate in the pre-combustion chamber, the flame of the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 heats a cold furnace until the temperature of smoke in the hearth 1 reaches a preset value, at the moment, the main burner 2 is in a stop state, the outlet temperature of the main burner 2 is reduced, after the temperature of the smoke in the hearth 1 reaches the preset value, the starting state of the boiler is finished, at the moment, the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 is closed one by one, the main burner 2 is opened one by one, and the outlet temperature of the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 is reduced;
when the boiler runs at full load, all the pre-combustion chamber burners 3 are in a shutdown state, a control valve of a recirculating flue gas pipe 5 is opened, and the amount of recirculating flue gas is 20-25% of the total amount of flue gas;
when the load of the boiler reaches the ultralow load operation below 20%, the main burner 2 is shut down, the prechamber burner 3 is put into operation, the outlet temperature of the main burner 2 is reduced, the control valve of the recirculation flue gas pipe 5 of the prechamber burner 3 is closed, the air valve is opened, high-concentration pulverized coal is introduced into the prechamber burner 3 through the powder feeder 4, the pulverized coal airflow accounts for below 20% of the air rate in the prechamber, and the mass flow ratio of the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal airflow to the mass flow of air for conveying the pulverized coal is 1.5: 1-2.5: 1, high-temperature flue gas is entrained inside the pre-combustion chamber and outside the pre-combustion chamber 8 through rotating airflow formed by the inner secondary air blades 7-4 and the outer secondary air blades 7-5 to form a high-temperature backflow area of oxygen-poor fuel-rich;
when the 20% ultralow load operation of the boiler is finished, the load of the boiler needs to be increased, the precombustion chamber burners 3 are stopped one by one, the main burners 2 start to operate one by one, and the outlet temperature of the precombustion chamber burners 3 is reduced.
In the starting working condition of the boiler, when the main burner 2 is in the shutdown state, the outlet temperature of the main burner 2 is reduced because the outlet of the main burner 2 is burnt and damaged due to overhigh smoke temperature in the hearth 1.
In the boiler starting operating mode, when main burner 2 is in the outage state, the mode that reduces 2 exit temperatures of main burner does: the air valves of the main burners 2 are not completely closed, and the air quantity introduced into all the main burners 2 accounts for 20-30% of the total air quantity.
In the boiler starting condition, when the boiler starting state is finished, the reason for reducing the outlet temperature of the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 is to prevent the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 from being burnt by the high-temperature flue gas of the hearth 1.
In the boiler starting condition, when the boiler starting state ended, the mode that reduces 3 exit temperatures of precombustor combustor does: the air valve of the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 is completely closed, the control valve of the recirculation flue gas pipe 5 is opened, and the recirculation flue gas is continuously conveyed into the pre-combustion chamber burner 3 to reduce the outlet temperature of the pre-combustion chamber burner 3.
In the ultra-low load operation condition when the boiler load reaches below 20%, the reason for reducing the outlet temperature of the main burner 2 is to prevent the main burner 2 from being burnt by high-temperature smoke of the hearth 1 when the main burner 2 is stopped.
When the load of the boiler reaches the ultralow load operation working condition below 20 percent, the mode of reducing the temperature of the outlet of the main burner 2 is as follows: when the air is in ultra-low load operation, the air valve of the main burner 2 is not completely closed, and the air quantity introduced into all the main burners 2 accounts for 20-30% of the total air quantity.
When the 20% ultralow load operation of the boiler is finished, the load of the boiler needs to be increased, when the boiler operates at normal load, the precombustion chamber combustors 3 are stopped one by one, the main combustors 2 start to operate one by one, and meanwhile, the outlet temperature of the precombustion chamber combustors 3 is reduced.
The reason for reducing the outlet temperature of the pre-chamber burner 3 in the normal load operation condition of the boiler is to avoid burning loss of the pre-chamber burner 3 by high-temperature flue gas of a hearth.
In the normal load operation condition of the boiler, the mode of reducing the temperature of the outlet of the combustor 3 of the precombustion chamber is as follows: a control valve of the recirculation flue gas pipe 5 is opened, recirculation flue gas is continuously introduced into the precombustion chamber burner 3, and the amount of the recirculation flue gas is 20-25% of the total amount of the flue gas; or opening an air valve of the precombustion chamber burner 3 and closing a control valve of the recirculating flue gas pipe 5, wherein the air volume of 3 in all the precombustion chamber burners accounts for 20-25% of the total air volume.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims (1)

1. The method utilizes a combustion system with precombustion chamber burners arranged on the walls on the two sides of the boiler, and comprises a hearth (1), two groups of main burner mechanisms and two groups of precombustion chamber burner mechanisms, wherein the two groups of main burner mechanisms are oppositely arranged on the walls on the two sides of the hearth (1), and the two groups of precombustion chamber burner mechanisms are oppositely arranged on the other walls on the two sides of the hearth (1);
each group of pre-combustion chamber burner mechanism comprises a powder feeder (4), a recirculation flue gas pipe (5), a powder storage bin (6) and a plurality of pre-combustion chamber burners (3), wherein the plurality of pre-combustion chamber burners (3) are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the side wall of the hearth (1), the powder outlet end of the powder storage bin (6) is connected with the powder inlet end of the powder feeder (4), the powder outlet end of the powder feeder (4) is respectively connected with the plurality of pre-combustion chamber burners (3) through a powder feeding pipe, the recirculation flue gas pipe (5) is arranged on the powder feeding pipe, and a control valve is arranged on the recirculation flue gas pipe (5);
the multiple precombustion chamber burners (3) in each group of precombustion chamber burner mechanism are uniformly distributed into n layers, wherein n is a positive integer, the n layers of precombustion chamber burners (3) are arranged on the side wall of the hearth (1) layer by layer from bottom to top, and the lowest precombustion chamber burner (3) is arranged at the bottommost part of the side wall;
each layer of pre-combustion chamber burner (3) in each group of pre-combustion chamber burner mechanism comprises four pre-combustion chamber burners (3) which are uniformly distributed;
n layers of precombustion chamber burners (3) in each group of precombustion chamber burner mechanisms are more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;
the power of the pre-combustion chamber burner (3) is adjustable;
the precombustion chamber burner (3) comprises a cyclone burner (7) and a precombustion chamber (8), and the cyclone burner (7) is arranged on the precombustion chamber (8);
the cyclone burner (7) comprises a primary air pipe (7-1), an inner secondary air pipe (7-2) and an outer secondary air pipe (7-3) which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside in sequence, an inner secondary air blade (7-4) is arranged in the inner secondary air pipe (7-2), an outer secondary air blade (7-5) is arranged in the outer secondary air pipe (7-3), and the inner secondary air blade (7-4) and the outer secondary air blade (7-5) are axial blades;
each group of main burner mechanism comprises a plurality of main burners (2), the plurality of main burners (2) are uniformly divided into three layers and arranged at the bottom of the side wall of the hearth (1), and each layer of main burner (2) comprises four uniformly distributed main burners (2);
the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
when the boiler is started, firstly, the pre-combustion chamber burner (3) is ignited, the pre-combustion chamber burner (3) continuously operates, high-concentration coal powder is introduced into the pre-combustion chamber burner (3) through the powder feeder (4), coal powder airflow accounts for less than 20% of the air rate in the pre-combustion chamber, the flame of the pre-combustion chamber burner (3) heats a cold furnace until the temperature of smoke gas in the hearth (1) reaches a preset value, at the moment, the main burner (2) is in a stop state, the outlet temperature of the main burner (2) is reduced, after the temperature of the smoke gas in the hearth (1) reaches the preset value, the starting state of the boiler is ended, at the moment, the pre-combustion chamber burners (3) are closed one by one, the main burners (2) are opened one by one, and the outlet temperature of the pre-combustion chamber burner (3) is reduced;
when the boiler runs at full load, all the pre-combustion chamber combustors (3) are in a shutdown state, a control valve of a recirculating flue gas pipe (5) is opened, and the amount of recirculating flue gas is 20% -25% of the total amount of flue gas;
when the load of the boiler reaches the ultralow load operation below 20%, the main burner (2) is shut down, the prechamber burner (3) is put into operation, the outlet temperature of the main burner (2) is reduced, a control valve of a recirculation flue gas pipe (5) of the prechamber burner (3) is closed, an air valve is opened, high-concentration pulverized coal is introduced into the prechamber burner (3) through a powder feeder (4), pulverized coal airflow accounts for less than 20% of the air rate in the prechamber, and the ratio of the mass flow of the pulverized coal in the pulverized coal airflow to the mass flow of the air for conveying the pulverized coal is 1.5: 1-2.5: 1, high-temperature flue gas is entrained inside the pre-combustion chamber and outside the pre-combustion chamber (8) through rotating airflow formed by an inner secondary air blade (7-4) and an outer secondary air blade (7-5), so that a high-temperature reflux area which is poor in oxygen and rich in fuel is formed;
when the 20% ultralow load operation of the boiler is finished, the load of the boiler needs to be increased, the precombustion chamber burners (3) are stopped one by one, the main burners (2) start to operate one by one, and the outlet temperature of the precombustion chamber burners (3) is reduced at the same time.
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