CN112902023A - Steam pipeline pressurization system and full-automatic control method thereof - Google Patents
Steam pipeline pressurization system and full-automatic control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112902023A CN112902023A CN202011514010.9A CN202011514010A CN112902023A CN 112902023 A CN112902023 A CN 112902023A CN 202011514010 A CN202011514010 A CN 202011514010A CN 112902023 A CN112902023 A CN 112902023A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
- F17D1/06—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0215—Arrangements therefor, e.g. bleed or by-pass valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
- F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/5846—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps cooling by injection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
- F17D1/065—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours
- F17D1/07—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours by compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
- F17D3/01—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
Abstract
The invention discloses a steam pipeline pressurization system, which comprises a steam inlet buffer tank and a steam exhaust buffer tank, wherein an inlet guide vane mechanism, a first stage of a compressor, a second stage of the compressor and the steam exhaust buffer tank are connected through a steam exhaust pipeline, a bypass pipeline is arranged between the steam inlet pipeline and the steam exhaust pipeline, an anti-surge valve and a temperature and pressure reducing device are arranged on the bypass pipeline, a temperature and pressure reducing valve, a gear box, a main motor, a lubricating oil system, a plurality of temperature sensors, a plurality of pressure sensors and a PLC (programmable logic controller) control system are arranged in the temperature and pressure reducing device, and a control instruction is sent to the pressurization system for full-automatic control. The full-automatic control of the whole system in the whole process of starting and stopping and normal operation can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of turbochargers, in particular to a steam pipeline pressurization system and a full-automatic control method thereof.
Background
The steam pipeline pressurization system is widely applied to recycling of low-pressure waste steam of various large smelting plants, paper mills, power plants and the like. The principle is that a large amount of low-pressure waste steam generated after heat exchange of various heat exchange equipment in a plant is re-pressurized and converted into usable high-pressure steam to participate in various technological processes in the plant. Compared with other types of systems, the high-speed centrifugal steam pipeline pressurization system has the advantages of high efficiency, wide flow regulation range, oil-free medium, stable pressure, low noise, high automation degree and the like, so that the system is more and more widely applied. The high-speed centrifugal steam pipeline pressurization system has the possibility of surging, and the surging can cause great damage to the unit and even the whole system. In addition, in all the devices in various large smelting plants, paper mills and power plants, the steam pipeline pressurization system has a complex structure, more accessories and a complex operation control flow compared with other devices, if a main machine and accessories of the whole system are manually controlled, inconvenience is brought to operators, the running efficiency of the system is low, and even a machine set and the whole system are greatly damaged due to operation errors, so that the invention of the full-automatic control method of the steam pipeline pressurization system is very key and necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a steam pipeline pressurization system and a full-automatic control method thereof, which can improve the use efficiency of the pressurization system, meet the automatic operation requirement of the pressurization system and achieve the aim of unattended operation.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a steam conduit turbocharging system, includes admission buffer tank and exhaust buffer tank, the admission buffer tank cushions the saturated steam of the first low pressure of input, the exhaust buffer tank cushions the saturated high-pressure steam of the secondary after the pressure boost to the saturated steam of the secondary high-pressure after will buffering merges the main pipeline into, turbocharging system still includes in proper order between by admission buffer tank to the exhaust buffer tank:
the inlet guide vane mechanism is connected with the steam inlet buffer tank through a steam inlet pipeline, and the steam inlet pipeline is provided with a steam inlet regulating valve for regulating the flow of low-pressure saturated steam entering the inlet guide vane mechanism;
the first stage of the compressor is connected to the outlet end of the inlet guide vane mechanism through a pipeline, and the flow of steam entering the first stage of the compressor is controlled by adjusting the size of a throat between the guide vanes through the inlet guide vane mechanism and is used for carrying out primary pressurization on primary low-pressure saturated steam to convert the primary low-pressure saturated steam into medium-pressure superheated steam;
the second stage of the compressor is connected with the first stage of the compression stage through an interstage pipeline, an interstage water sprayer is arranged on the interstage pipeline, the pressurized medium-pressure superheated steam is cooled and converted into saturated steam, the saturated steam enters the second stage of the compressor, the saturated steam is secondarily pressurized through the second stage of the compressor and converted into high-pressure superheated steam, and the interstage water sprayer controls the water inflow through an interstage water spray adjusting valve;
the second stage of the compressor is connected with the steam exhaust buffer tank through a steam exhaust pipeline, a steam exhaust water sprayer is arranged on the steam exhaust pipeline, the pressurized high-pressure superheated steam is cooled and converted into saturated secondary high-pressure steam, the saturated secondary high-pressure steam enters the steam exhaust buffer tank for buffering, the steam exhaust water sprayer controls the water inflow through an outlet water spray adjusting valve, and a check valve and a steam exhaust electric butterfly valve are further arranged on the steam exhaust pipeline and controls the flow of the secondary saturated high-pressure steam entering the steam exhaust buffer tank;
a bypass pipeline is arranged between the steam inlet pipeline and the steam exhaust pipeline, an anti-surge valve and a temperature and pressure reducing device are arranged on the bypass pipeline, the control system controls automatic opening and closing to meet the requirement of steam internal circulation necessary for starting and stopping of the pressurization system in the starting and stopping process, a temperature and pressure reducing valve and a pressure reducing valve are arranged in the temperature and pressure reducing device, the temperature and pressure reducing device is connected with bypass water spray, and the temperature of steam in the bypass pipeline is reduced by adjusting the temperature and pressure reducing valve;
the gear box is arranged between the first stage of the compressor and the second stage of the compressor, and transmits power and speed to the first stage of the compressor impeller and the second stage of the compressor impeller which are coaxial through the speed increasing gear;
the main motor is arranged at the side of the second stage of the compressor and provides a power source for the operation of the gear box;
the lubricating oil system comprises a main oil tank and a high-level oil tank, wherein the main oil tank is arranged on the same side of the main motor and is used for providing lubricating oil lubrication for the gear box and the main motor; the high-level oil tank is arranged above the unit and used for supplementing lubricating oil to the unit which is powered off accidentally, a heater is arranged in the main oil tank, the high-level oil tank is connected with an electromagnetic valve, and an electric oil pump is further arranged between the main oil tank and the gear box;
temperature sensors and pressure sensors are arranged at the inlet and outlet ends of the steam inlet buffer tank, the first stage of the compressor and the second stage of the compressor, a temperature sensor is arranged on a main motor, an inlet temperature sensor and a vibration sensor are arranged on a gear box, and a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged at the outlet end of the temperature and pressure reducing device;
and the PLC control system is used for receiving the sensor signal, sending a control instruction to the pressurization system and carrying out full-automatic monitoring and control.
Preferably, the bottoms of the steam inlet buffer tank and the steam exhaust buffer tank are respectively provided with a drain valve, so that the drainage of condensed water can be continuously carried out.
Preferably, the steam inlet pipeline, the steam exhaust pipeline, the interstage pipeline and the bypass pipeline are all provided with corrugated pipes, the corrugated pipes are used for absorbing extension or shortening of the compensation pipeline caused by temperature change, and meanwhile, the corrugated pipes have a damping effect.
A full-automatic control method of a steam pipeline pressurization system is used for controlling the steam pipeline pressurization system and comprises the following steps:
s1 start mode
Before starting the machine: detecting the states of a sensor, a gear box, a compressor, a main motor and a lubricating oil system of the supercharging system, wherein if the states are detected normally, the machine is started, and if the states are not detected normally, the sound and light alarm is given, and the machine starting program is not executed;
starting the machine: starting an electric oil pump, fully opening a steam inlet regulating valve and a steam exhaust electric butterfly valve, and determining whether to start the main motor according to the inlet oil pressure of the main motor; if the main motor is normally started, opening the inlet guide vane mechanism to an initial set opening degree, then opening the interstage water spray regulating valve and a temperature reduction valve in the temperature reduction and pressure reduction device to the initial opening degree, closing an anti-surge valve on the bypass pipeline, a pressure reduction valve in the temperature reduction and pressure reduction device and an electromagnetic valve in a high-level oil tank, and enabling the system to enter a normal operation state; if the main motor is not started, the main motor is forcibly stopped;
s2 constant pressure self-control mode
The method comprises the steps that a pressure boosting system is subjected to constant pressure control through a PLC control system, so that the steam pressure discharged by a compressor is kept dynamically stable, and the pressure boosting system comprises a constant pressure control loop PIC, an inlet guide vane mechanism IGV, an anti-surge control loop SIC, an anti-surge system BOV and a main motor overload protection loop CIC;
the constant pressure control loop PIC is used for monitoring the pressure of the outlet pipeline of the compressor, comparing the pressure with a set target value, sending an indication signal to the IGV, and controlling the IGV to be closed or opened according to the increase or decrease of the exhaust pressure of the compressor until the anti-surge control loop SIC is closed to start working or until the anti-surge control loop CIC is opened to start working;
when the exhaust pressure of the compressor rises, the current of a main motor is lower than the set value of the anti-surge control loop SIC, and the anti-surge control loop SIC sends an electric signal to the anti-surge system BOV, so that the anti-surge system BOV is opened or closed, and the stable exhaust pressure of the compressor is kept;
the main motor overload protection circuit CIC monitors the current of the main motor in real time and compares the current with the maximum current value allowed by the main motor set by the main motor overload protection circuit CIC, if the load of the main motor exceeds a limit value, the main motor overload protection circuit CIC sends a signal to close the inlet guide vane mechanism IGV so as to enable the current of the main motor to return to the limit value, and if the current of the main motor is reduced to be lower than the limit value, the main motor overload protection circuit CIC sends a signal to open the inlet guide vane mechanism IGV so as to enable the exhaust pressure to return to a set target value;
s3 spray automatic control mode
When the temperature of the superheated steam in the interstage pipeline, the steam exhaust pipeline and the bypass pipeline needs to be reduced, the opening degrees of the interstage water spray regulating valve, the outlet water spray regulating valve and the temperature reduction valve are controlled by the PLC control system, the superheated steam can be completely converted into saturated steam, and the operation efficiency of the compressor is improved;
s4 automatic anti-surge mode
When the constant-pressure automatic control mode fails accidentally or the compressor generates surge phenomenon due to other reasons, the compressor starts the automatic anti-surge control mode to prevent the compressor from always running in a surge area;
s5 shutdown mode
The method comprises normal shutdown, soft shutdown, forced shutdown and emergency shutdown;
when the automatic control system starts to control the compressor, an operator sends a compressor stop signal through a touch screen on the PLC control cabinet;
in the running process of the compressor, the numerical values of some monitoring parameters are in the imminent limit, and if the compressor continues to run and is damaged to a certain extent, the monitoring point sends a signal to request soft stop;
in the running process of the compressor, the numerical values of some monitoring parameters are in the limit, if the compressor is seriously damaged after continuously running, the monitoring point sends a signal to request forced shutdown;
when the compressor is in an operation process and an operator thinks that the compressor needs to stop immediately due to abnormality, an emergency stop button on the PLC control cabinet is pressed down to stop emergently;
s6 whole process on-line monitoring mode
When the supercharging system is started and stopped and in a normal operation state, the PLC control system carries out real-time measurement and control on parameters of the lubricating oil system, the compressor system, the gear box and the sensor, and the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured.
Preferably, the inlet guide vane mechanism IGV closed by the main motor overload protection circuit CIC is prior to the inlet guide vane mechanism IGV opened by the constant-voltage control circuit PIC, so that the main motor overload is prevented from being burnt out, and the normal operation of the system is prevented from being influenced.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the steam pipeline supercharging system is complete and reliable in operation by connecting structural parts such as an inlet guide vane mechanism, a two-stage compressor, a main motor, a gear box and the like between a steam inlet buffer tank and a steam outlet buffer tank, and arranging a plurality of valves for controlling the opening degree such as a regulating valve, an anti-surge valve and the like and a plurality of sensors for monitoring the temperature and the pressure.
2. The system adopts a newly designed full-automatic control method to carry out full-automatic control on a pressurization system, mainly comprises six modes of a start-up mode, a constant-pressure automatic control mode, a spraying system automatic control mode, an automatic anti-surge mode, a stop mode, a whole-process on-line monitoring mode and the like, and can realize full-automatic control of the whole system in the whole process of start-up and stop and normal operation.
3. By a full-automatic control mode, on one hand, the whole system is always kept in the most efficient operation state, unnecessary water, electricity and gas expenses are saved for a factory, and therefore the operation cost is reduced; on the other hand, the whole system is always in a stable operation condition, and the increase of the maintenance cost of a factory due to the damage of the system caused by factors such as manual operation errors and the like can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a PID diagram of a steam line pressurization system;
FIG. 2 is a control logic diagram of step S1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control diagram of step S2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a control logic diagram of step S2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a control logic diagram of step S3 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a control logic diagram of step S4 according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a control logic diagram of step S5 according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a control logic diagram of step S6 according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a steam pipeline pressurization system.
Reference numerals:
1. the system comprises an air inlet buffer tank, 2, an air exhaust buffer tank, 3, an inlet guide vane mechanism, 4, an air inlet pipeline, 5, an air inlet regulating valve, 6, a first stage of a compressor, 7, a second stage of the compressor, 8, an interstage pipeline, 9, an interstage water spray regulating valve, 10, an air exhaust pipeline, 11, an outlet water spray regulating valve, 12, a check valve, 13, an air exhaust electric butterfly valve, 14, a bypass pipeline, 15, an anti-surge valve, 16, a temperature reducing valve, 17, a pressure reducing valve, 18, a gear box, 19, a main motor, 20, a main oil tank, 21, a high-temperature oil tank, 22, a heater, 23, an electromagnetic valve, 24, an electric oil pump, 25, a PLC (programmable logic controller) system, 26, a drain valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings,
referring to fig. 1-8, a steam pipeline pressurization system includes an admission buffer tank 1 and an exhaust buffer tank 2, the admission buffer tank 1 buffers the primary low-pressure saturated steam that is input, the exhaust buffer tank 2 buffers the secondary saturated high-pressure steam after pressurization, and merges the secondary high-pressure saturated steam after buffering into the main pipeline, the pressurization system further includes in proper order from the admission buffer tank 1 to the exhaust buffer tank 2:
the inlet guide vane mechanism 3 is connected with the steam inlet buffer tank 1 through a steam inlet pipeline 4, and the steam inlet pipeline 4 is provided with a steam inlet regulating valve 5 for regulating the flow of low-pressure saturated steam entering the inlet guide vane mechanism;
the first stage 6 of the compressor is connected to the outlet end of the inlet guide vane mechanism 3 through a pipeline, and the flow of steam entering the first stage 5 of the compressor is controlled by adjusting the size of a throat between the guide vanes through the inlet guide vane mechanism 3 and is used for carrying out primary pressurization on primary low-pressure saturated steam and converting the primary low-pressure saturated steam into medium-pressure superheated steam;
the second stage 7 of the compressor is connected with the first stage 6 of the compression stage through an interstage pipeline 8, an interstage water sprayer is arranged on the interstage pipeline 8, the pressurized medium-pressure superheated steam is cooled and converted into saturated steam to enter the second stage 7 of the compressor, the saturated steam is secondarily pressurized through the second stage 7 of the compressor and converted into high-pressure superheated steam, and the interstage water sprayer controls the water inflow through an interstage water spray regulating valve 9;
the second stage 7 of the compressor is connected with the steam exhaust buffer tank 2 through a steam exhaust pipeline 10, a steam exhaust water sprayer is arranged on the steam exhaust pipeline 10, the pressurized high-pressure superheated steam is cooled and converted into saturated secondary high-pressure steam, the saturated secondary high-pressure steam enters the steam exhaust buffer tank for buffering, the steam exhaust water sprayer controls the water inflow through an outlet water spray adjusting valve 11, and a check valve 12 and a steam exhaust electric butterfly valve 13 are further arranged on the steam exhaust pipeline 10 and controls the flow of the secondary saturated high-pressure steam entering the steam exhaust buffer tank 2;
a bypass pipeline 14 is arranged between the steam inlet pipeline 4 and the steam exhaust pipeline 10, an anti-surge valve 15 and a temperature and pressure reducing device are arranged on the bypass pipeline 14 and used for controlling automatic opening and closing by a control system to meet the requirement of steam internal circulation necessary for starting and stopping of a pressurizing system in the starting and stopping process, a temperature and pressure reducing valve 16 and a pressure reducing valve 17 are arranged in the temperature and pressure reducing device, the temperature and pressure reducing device is connected with bypass water spray, and the temperature of steam in the bypass pipeline is reduced by adjusting the temperature and pressure reducing valve 17;
the gear box 18 is arranged between the first stage 6 of the compressor and the second stage 7 of the compressor, and transmits power and speed through a first stage 6 impeller of the compressor and a second stage 7 impeller of the compressor which are coaxial through a speed increasing gear;
the main motor 19 is arranged at the side of the second stage 7 of the compressor and provides a power source for the operation of the gear box 18;
the lubricating oil system comprises a main oil tank 20 and a high-level oil tank 21, wherein the main oil tank 20 is arranged on the same side of the main motor 19 and used for providing lubricating oil lubrication for the gear box 18 and the main motor 19; the high-level oil tank 21 is arranged above the unit and used for supplementing lubricating oil to the unit which is powered off accidentally, a heater 22 is arranged in the main oil tank 20, the high-level oil tank 21 is connected with an electromagnetic valve 23, and an electric oil pump 24 is further arranged between the main oil tank 20 and the gear box 18;
the inlet and outlet ends of the steam inlet buffer tank 1, the first stage 6 of the compressor and the second stage 7 of the compressor are respectively provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, the main motor 19 is provided with a temperature sensor, the gear box 18 is provided with an inlet temperature sensor and a vibration sensor, and the outlet end of the temperature and pressure reducing device is provided with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor;
and the PLC control system 25 is used for receiving the sensor signal, sending a control instruction to the pressurization system and carrying out full-automatic control.
The bottom parts of the steam inlet buffer tank 1 and the steam exhaust buffer tank 2 are both provided with drain valves 26, so that the condensed water can be continuously discharged.
The steam inlet pipeline 4, the steam exhaust pipeline 10, the interstage pipeline 8 and the bypass pipeline 14 are all provided with corrugated pipes 27 which are used for absorbing the extension or shortening of the compensation pipeline caused by temperature change and have the function of shock absorption.
The supercharging system can ensure long-term stable operation and depends on a set of full-automatic control method, which mainly comprises six modes, namely a start-up mode, a constant-pressure automatic control mode, a spraying system automatic control mode, an automatic anti-surge mode, a stop mode, an overall process on-line monitoring mode and the like.
S1 Start-Up mode, as shown in FIG. 2
1. Checking the state before starting the machine: detecting the states of a sensor, a gear box, a compressor, a main motor and a lubricating oil system of the supercharging system, wherein if the states are detected normally, the machine is started, and if the states are not detected normally, the sound and light alarm is given, and the machine starting program is not executed;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and checking whether all the sensors are broken, if so, giving an audible and visual alarm, and not executing a startup program.
(2) Gear box
Checking whether the temperature of the bearing of the gear box is normal or not, and if abnormal conditions are detected, giving an audible and visual alarm without executing a starting program.
(3) Compressor with a compressor housing having a plurality of compressor blades
a. Whether the inlet electric regulating valve is completely closed, whether the outlet electric butterfly valve is completely closed, whether the bypass anti-surge valve is completely opened, and whether a pressure reducing valve in the temperature and pressure reducing device is completely opened.
b. It is detected whether the inlet guide vanes are fully closed (i.e. in the minimum position).
In the above devices, as long as one is not completely closed or opened, the sound and light alarm is performed, and the starting program is not executed.
(4) Main motor
a. Checking whether the temperature of the main motor bearing and the temperature of the winding are normal or not, and if abnormal conditions are detected, giving an audible and visual alarm without executing a starting program.
b. Checking whether the main motor starter is ready, and if the control system does not receive a ready signal, not executing a starting program.
(5) Lubricating oil system
And detecting whether the oil temperature in the main oil tank and the high-temperature oil tank meets the requirements or not.
If the initial oil temperature T0 in the main oil tank and the high-temperature oil tank is between the lowest allowable oil temperature Tmin and the highest allowable oil temperature Tmax, the starting permission condition is reached; if the initial oil temperature T0 in the main oil tank and the high-temperature oil tank is higher than the maximum allowable oil temperature Tmax, audible and visual alarm is carried out, and the starting program is not executed.
And if the initial oil temperature T0 is lower than the minimum allowable oil temperature Tmin, starting the heater for heating, and stopping the heater when the oil temperature is increased to be 10 ℃ higher than the minimum allowable oil temperature Tmin.
2. Starting the machine:
(1) and starting the electric oil pump for pre-lubrication for 3min, and opening the electromagnetic valve of the high-level oil tank.
(2) And opening the steam inlet regulating valve and the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve to a full-open state.
(3) If the inlet oil pressure of the steam inlet buffer tank is higher than 0.13Mpa, continuously monitoring the inlet oil pressure, if the inlet oil pressure is continuously higher than 0.13Mpa within 3min, starting the main motor, and if the inlet oil pressure is lower than 0.13Mpa, forbidding starting the main motor and giving an audible and visual alarm.
(4) After the main motor is started and 20 seconds of timing, whether an 'operation' signal transmitted by a PLC master control system is received or not is detected, if the signal is received, the main motor is started and normally operates, and if the signal is not received (the starting time is too long or the starting fails), the main motor is forcibly stopped.
(5) When a starting completion signal of the main motor is received, the inlet guide vane mechanism is automatically opened to an initial set opening degree, then the interstage water spray regulating valve and the temperature reducing valve in the temperature reducing and pressure reducing device are opened to the initial set opening degree, and meanwhile, the anti-surge valve on the bypass pipeline, the pressure reducing valve in the temperature reducing and pressure reducing device and the electromagnetic valve in the high-level oil tank are slowly closed in sequence.
The above procedures are all completed normally, and the system is switched to a normal operation state.
S2 constant pressure self-control mode, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4
The method comprises the steps that a pressure boosting system is subjected to constant pressure control through a PLC control system, so that the steam pressure discharged by a compressor is kept dynamically stable, and the pressure boosting system comprises a constant pressure control loop PIC, an inlet guide vane mechanism IGV, an anti-surge control loop SIC, an anti-surge system BOV and a main motor overload protection loop CIC;
1. the constant pressure control loop PIC is used for monitoring the pressure of the outlet pipeline of the compressor and comparing the pressure with a set target value, and the PIC sends an indication signal to the IGV to control the IGV to be closed or opened according to the increase or decrease of the exhaust pressure of the compressor until the anti-surge control loop SIC is closed to start working or until the overload protection loop CIC is opened to start working;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
according to the running characteristic of the compressor, when the exhaust pressure of the compressor rises and is higher than the set value of the PIC, the PIC sends a turn-off signal to the IGV, and the IGV is turned off. The IGV may be continuously shut down to ensure that the exhaust pressure remains at the set value until the anti-surge control loop (SIC) is shut down to begin operation.
On the contrary, when the exhaust pressure of the compressor is reduced and is lower than the set value of the PIC, the PIC sends an opening signal to the IGV, the IGV is opened, and the opening degree of the guide vane is gradually increased. The IGVs may be continuously opened to ensure exhaust pressure remains at the set value until opened to the point where the overload protection circuit (CIC) begins operating.
2. When the exhaust pressure of the compressor rises, the current of a main motor is lower than the set value of the anti-surge control loop SIC, and the anti-surge control loop SIC sends an electric signal to the anti-surge system BOV, so that the anti-surge system BOV is opened or closed, and the stable exhaust pressure of the compressor is kept;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
in a stable pressure control range, when the exhaust pressure increases, the PIC will signal to turn off the IGV, which will become lower than the SIC setting since the main motor current decreases in proportion to the exhaust amount, and the SIC output signal value decreases to cause the BOV to open to ensure that the IGV no longer continues to close to the surge region.
SIC sends 4-20 mA electric signals to the BOV, so that the BOV keeps an open state, and the use flow is balanced by returning redundant steam to a steam inlet pipeline. When the SIC works, the steam exhaust pressure of the compressor is kept at the PIC setting value, and the compressor can be controlled in the reflux area to keep stable steam exhaust pressure. On the contrary, when the exhaust steam pressure is reduced, the closing signal is transmitted to the BOV by the increase of the SIC output signal value, so that the BOV is closed, the inlet and outlet of the use flow are balanced, and the stable exhaust steam pressure is maintained.
In this mode, the compressor avoids entering the surge region in operation by signal feeding of the SIC and BOV. At the SIC, its set point should ensure that the actual flow of the compressor is 10-15% greater than the surge flow.
3. The main motor overload protection circuit CIC,
when the compressor discharge pressure drops, the constant pressure control system will attempt to continue opening the IGV to maintain the discharge pressure, which can result in overloading the main motor and coil burnout. To prevent this, a main motor overload protection system must be employed.
The system consists of a protection program in a PLC control system, a current transformer and an IGV in a main motor starting cabinet.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the main motor overload protection system functions in the following sequence:
(1) the current transformer converts the current of the main motor into a current signal of low-power current, and then the current signal is converted into a 4-20 mA signal by the starting cabinet and enters the control cabinet.
(2) The main motor overload protection loop CIC monitors the current of the main motor in real time and compares the current with the set main motor allowable maximum current value at the CIC.
(3) Typically the main motor current limit is equal to the rated current of the motor. If the main motor load exceeds a limit, the overload protection system will signal to turn off the IGVs in order to ensure that the main motor current is below the limit.
(4) If the temperature and pressure of the gas sucked by the compressor are increased, the current of the motor is increased, the CIC sends an IGV closing signal, and after receiving the signal, the IGV is closed to a certain degree, so that the current of the motor returns to a limit value.
(5) Conversely, when the motor current drops below the CIC limit, an open signal is sent to the IGV, which opens to return the exhaust pressure to the set target value.
In addition, to prevent the main motor from overloading and burning out, the main motor overload protection circuit CIC switches off the IGVs in preference to the constant voltage control system PIC switching on the IGVs.
The constant-voltage automatic control mode is a collection of the above three functions (including a constant-voltage control loop, an anti-surge control loop and a main motor overload protection loop).
As shown in fig. 3, the constant-pressure self-control mode operates in the following manner:
(1) the actual operation flow of the compressor is within the range of 70-100% of the rated design flow, and an inlet guide vane mechanism IGV constant pressure control mode is adopted.
(2) And when the current value of the main motor is smaller than the SIC set value, the IGV of the inlet guide vane mechanism stops.
(3) When the discharge pressure of the compressor rises to the unloading point, the surge-preventing system is opened, and the surge-preventing system is utilized to keep the back pressure constant.
(4) When the anti-surge system is opened to the preparation opening degree, the system pressure continuously rises to the unloading point, and the anti-surge system is completely opened and enters the unloading area.
(5) When the system pressure drops to the reload point, it enters the reload point.
TABLE 4.1 constant pressure mode control Table
S3 spray automatic control mode, as shown in FIG. 5
When the temperature of the superheated steam in the interstage pipeline, the steam exhaust pipeline and the bypass pipeline needs to be reduced, the opening degrees of the interstage water spray regulating valve, the outlet water spray regulating valve and the temperature reduction valve are controlled by the PLC control system, the superheated steam can be completely converted into saturated steam, and the operation efficiency of the compressor is improved;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
1. control of spray water in interstage piping
(1) Detecting the second-stage inlet temperature of the compressor in real time;
(2) detecting the second-stage inlet pressure of the compressor in real time;
(3) comparing the second-stage inlet temperature with the corresponding saturation temperature under the second-stage inlet pressure in real time (converting according to a water vapor physical property parameter table);
(4) and if the second-stage inlet temperature is higher than the saturation temperature corresponding to the second-stage inlet pressure, slowly increasing the opening degree of the interstage water spray regulating valve until the steam temperature is reduced to the saturation temperature corresponding to the second-stage inlet pressure.
2. Control of spray water in exhaust steam pipe
(1) Detecting the steam outlet temperature of the second stage of the compressor in real time;
(2) detecting the steam outlet pressure of the second stage of the compressor in real time;
(3) comparing the steam outlet temperature of the second stage of the compressor with the corresponding saturation temperature (converted according to a steam physical property parameter table) under the steam outlet pressure of the steam inlet buffer tank in real time;
(4) if the steam outlet temperature of the second stage of the compressor is higher than the corresponding saturation temperature under the steam outlet pressure of the steam inlet buffer tank, slowly increasing the opening degree of the outlet water spray regulating valve until the steam temperature is reduced to the saturation temperature corresponding to the steam outlet pressure of the second stage of the compressor;
3. control of spray water in by-pass line
(1) Detecting the temperature of a low-pressure outlet after the temperature and pressure reduction device in the bypass pipeline in real time;
(2) detecting the pressure of a low-pressure outlet after the temperature and pressure reduction device in the bypass pipeline in real time;
(3) comparing the low-pressure outlet temperature with the corresponding saturation temperature under the low-pressure outlet pressure in real time (converting according to a water vapor physical property parameter table);
(4) and if the temperature of the low-pressure outlet is higher than the corresponding saturation temperature under the low-pressure outlet pressure, slowly increasing the opening of a temperature-reducing valve in the temperature-reducing and pressure-reducing device until the steam temperature is reduced to the saturation temperature corresponding to the low-pressure outlet pressure.
S4 automatic anti-surge mode, as shown in FIG. 6
When the constant-pressure automatic control mode fails accidentally or the compressor generates surge phenomenon due to other reasons, the compressor starts the automatic anti-surge control mode to prevent the compressor from always running in a surge area; automatic surge regulation is performed according to the control flow of fig. 6 to prevent the unit from always operating in the surge region.
(1) Real-time comparison is carried out on the actual shaft power W2 (power actually transmitted by a main shaft) and the theoretical surge boundary shaft power W1 (theoretical calculation value when surge occurs), if the actual shaft power W2 is smaller than the theoretical surge boundary shaft power W1, the fact that the compressor is surging is judged, and sound and light alarm is carried out;
(2) opening an anti-surge system (comprising an anti-surge valve and a pressure reducing valve in a temperature and pressure reducing device) to a set opening degree;
(3) comparing the actual shaft power W2 with the theoretical surge boundary shaft power W1 in real time, and stopping continuously opening the anti-surge system if the actual shaft power W2 is greater than or equal to the theoretical surge boundary shaft power W1;
(4) recording current power Wto and power Wt1 at the next moment in real time, if Wt1-Wto are larger than or equal to a set value, judging that the system is adjusted, eliminating a surge factor, enabling the unit to leave a surge area, closing the anti-surge system at the moment, and actually recording the current power until the anti-surge system is completely closed;
(5) after the surge prevention automatic adjustment is finished, the unit normally operates, and sound and light alarm is eliminated.
S5 shutdown mode, as shown in FIG. 7
The method comprises normal shutdown, soft shutdown, forced shutdown and emergency shutdown;
1. and (4) normally stopping the machine: when the automatic control system starts to control the compressor, an operator sends a compressor stop signal through a touch screen on a PLC control system control cabinet, and the normal stop operation is automatically carried out according to the following sequence:
(1) and closing the inlet guide vane mechanism to an initial setting position.
(2) And opening the surge-proof valve on the bypass pipeline and the pressure reducing valve in the temperature and pressure reducing device (fully open).
(3) When the valve is fully opened, the main motor is stopped.
(4) After the main motor stop signal is sent out, the electric oil pump is immediately started for post-lubrication, and the main motor automatically stops after 10 minutes.
(5) And after the main motor completely stops running, closing the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam inlet regulating valve, and simultaneously closing the interstage water spray regulating valve, the outlet water spray regulating valve and the temperature reducing valve in the temperature reducing and pressure reducing device.
(6) And after the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam inlet regulating valve are completely closed, the inlet guide vane mechanism is completely closed.
In performing the above process, a "normal shutdown" is displayed on the human-machine interface.
2. Soft shutdown: in the running process of the compressor, the numerical values of some monitoring parameters are in the imminent limit, and if the compressor continues to run and is damaged to a certain extent, the monitoring point sends a signal to request soft stop; the following steps are performed, which are the same as the normal shutdown, only different from the command issuer. The soft stop sequence is as follows:
(1) closing the inlet guide vanes to an initial set position.
(2) And opening the surge-proof valve on the bypass pipeline and the pressure reducing valve in the temperature and pressure reducing device (fully open).
(3) When the valve is fully opened, the main motor is stopped.
(4) After the main motor stop signal is sent out, the electric oil pump is immediately started for post-lubrication, and the motor is automatically stopped after 10 minutes
(5) And after the main motor completely stops running, closing the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam inlet regulating valve, and simultaneously closing the interstage water spray regulating valve, the outlet water spray regulating valve and the temperature reducing valve in the temperature reducing and pressure reducing device.
(6) And after the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam exhaust regulating valve are completely closed, the inlet guide vane is completely closed.
When the above process is executed, a 'soft stop' is displayed on the human-machine interface.
2. Forced shutdown: in the running process of the compressor, the numerical values of some monitoring parameters are in the imminent limit, if the compressor continues to run and is seriously damaged, the monitoring point sends a signal to request forced shutdown, and the forced shutdown sequence is as follows:
(1) immediately stopping the main motor, and opening the surge-proof valve on the bypass pipeline and the pressure reducing valve in the temperature and pressure reducing device (fully open).
(2) After the main motor stop signal is sent out, the electric oil pump is started immediately to lubricate after being started, and the main motor automatically stops after 10 minutes.
(3) And after the main motor completely stops running, closing the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam inlet regulating valve, and simultaneously closing the interstage water spray regulating valve, the outlet water spray regulating valve and the temperature reducing valve in the temperature reducing and pressure reducing device.
(4) And after the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam inlet regulating valve are completely closed, the inlet guide vane is completely closed.
When the above process is executed, a "forced shutdown" is displayed on the human-machine interface.
3. Emergency shutdown: in the running process of the compressor, when an operator thinks that the compressor needs to stop immediately due to abnormality, the operator presses an emergency stop button on a PLC control cabinet to stop emergently, the compressor executes the following steps, the steps are the same as the forced stop, and only the command sender is different:
(1) immediately stopping the main motor, and opening the surge-proof valve on the bypass pipeline and the pressure reducing valve in the temperature and pressure reducing device (fully open).
(2) After the main motor stop signal is sent out, the electric oil pump is started immediately to lubricate after being started, and the main motor automatically stops after 10 minutes.
(3) And after the main motor completely stops running, closing the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam inlet regulating valve, and simultaneously closing the interstage water spray regulating valve, the outlet water spray regulating valve and the temperature reducing valve in the temperature reducing and pressure reducing device.
(4) And after the steam exhaust electric butterfly valve and the steam inlet regulating valve are completely closed, the inlet guide vane is completely closed.
When the above process is performed, an "emergency stop" is displayed on the human-machine interface.
S6 Whole process on-line monitoring mode, as shown in FIG. 8
When the supercharging system is started and stopped and in a normal operation state, the PLC control system carries out real-time measurement and control on parameters of the lubricating oil system, the compressor system, the gear box and the sensor, and the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. lubricating oil system
(1) And detecting the inlet oil pressure of the gearbox.
If the oil pressure at the inlet of the gear box is lower than 0.13Mpa, the sound and light alarm is carried out, and the machine is forcibly stopped if the oil pressure is lower than 0.1 Mpa.
(2) And detecting the oil temperature in the main oil tank and the inlet oil temperature of the gearbox.
If the oil temperature at the inlet of the gearbox exceeds 55 ℃, audible and visual alarm is carried out, and if the oil temperature exceeds 60 ℃, the machine is stopped softly.
If the oil temperature in the oil tank rises to 70 ℃, the sound and light alarm is given.
(3) And detecting the state of a liquid level switch (a passive contact) in the main oil tank, and if the liquid level switch is closed, performing audible and visual alarm when the oil level is too low and too high.
(4) And detecting the difference value between the oil pressure before the oil filter and the oil pressure at the inlet of the gear box, and giving an audible and visual alarm if the difference value reaches 0.15 Mpa.
(5) And detecting the water inlet temperature of the oil cooler, and giving an audible and visual alarm if the temperature is higher than 33 ℃.
2. Compressor system
(1) The opening degree of the inlet guide vane is converted by a displacement feedback signal of the main motor to obtain the opening degree percentage, and the opening degree percentage is displayed on a human-computer interface.
(2) And continuously detecting the outlet pressure of the compressor, and adjusting an inlet guide vane mechanism IGV and an anti-surge system. The specific adjusting mode is a constant-pressure automatic control mode.
(3) And detecting the temperature of the steam at the inlet of the compressor, and giving an audible and visual alarm if the temperature is higher than a set value.
(4) And detecting the temperature of steam at the outlet of the compressor, and giving an audible and visual alarm if the temperature is higher than a set value.
(5) And detecting the steam pressure at the inlet of the compressor, and giving an audible and visual alarm if the pressure is higher than a set value.
(6) And detecting the pressure of the steam at the outlet of the compressor, and giving an audible and visual alarm if the pressure is higher than a set value.
(7) And detecting the temperatures of the front bearing and the rear bearing of the main motor. If the temperature of any bearing is higher than 80 ℃, audible and visual alarm is carried out; if the bearing temperature continues to rise to 85 ℃, the machine is stopped softly.
(8) The temperatures of the three windings of the main motor U, V, W are sensed. If the temperature of any winding is higher than 150 ℃, audible and visual alarm is carried out; if the winding temperature continues to rise to 155 ℃, the soft shutdown is carried out.
(9) And tripping a current breaker of the inlet guide vane motor and stopping the motor in a soft mode.
(10) And detecting the pressure of the first-stage sealing medium, and if the pressure is less than 0.03Mpa.g, giving an audible and visual alarm and displaying the audible and visual alarm on a human-computer interface.
(11) And detecting the pressure of the second-stage sealing medium, and if the pressure is less than 0.03Mpa.g, giving an audible and visual alarm and displaying the audible and visual alarm on a human-computer interface.
(12) And detecting that the current of the main motor is higher than the rated current value 350A of the motor, and forcibly stopping the motor.
3. Gear box
(1) And detecting the four front and rear vibration intensities of the high-speed shaft of the gearbox. If any vibration reaches 40um, sound and light alarm is given; and if the vibration reaches 50um, forcibly stopping the machine.
(2) And detecting the temperatures of the front and rear bearings of the high-speed shaft and the front and rear bearings of the low-speed shaft of the gearbox. If the temperature of any bearing is higher than 85 ℃, audible and visual alarm is carried out; if the bearing temperature continues to rise to 90 ℃, the machine is stopped softly.
4. Others
And detecting disconnection of all temperature sensors, pressure transmitters, vibration sensors and other lines, and giving out sound and light alarm.
And detecting an emergency stop signal of an emergency stop button to perform emergency stop.
The steam pipeline pressurization system can realize full-automatic control of the whole system in the whole process of starting and stopping and normal operation under the six control modes, and on one hand, the whole system can always keep the most efficient operation state through a full-automatic control mode, so that unnecessary water, electricity and gas expenses are saved for a factory, and the operation cost is reduced; on the other hand, the whole system is always in a stable operation working condition, and the increase of the maintenance cost of a factory due to the damage of the system caused by factors such as manual operation errors and the like can be avoided, so that the perfect full-automatic control method plays a key role in the long-term stable and efficient operation of the whole system.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a steam conduit turbocharging system, includes admission buffer tank and exhaust buffer tank, the admission buffer tank cushions the saturated steam of the first low pressure of input, the exhaust buffer tank cushions the saturated high-pressure steam of the secondary after the pressure boost to the saturated steam of the secondary high pressure after will buffering merges the main line in, its characterized in that, turbocharging system still includes in proper order between by admission buffer tank to the exhaust buffer tank:
the inlet guide vane mechanism is connected with the steam inlet buffer tank through a steam inlet pipeline, and the steam inlet pipeline is provided with a steam inlet regulating valve for regulating the flow of low-pressure saturated steam entering the inlet guide vane mechanism;
the first stage of the compressor is connected to the outlet end of the inlet guide vane mechanism through a pipeline, and the flow of steam entering the first stage of the compressor is controlled by adjusting the size of a throat between the guide vanes through the inlet guide vane mechanism and is used for carrying out primary pressurization on primary low-pressure saturated steam to convert the primary low-pressure saturated steam into medium-pressure superheated steam;
the second stage of the compressor is connected with the first stage of the compression stage through an interstage pipeline, an interstage water sprayer is arranged on the interstage pipeline, the pressurized medium-pressure superheated steam is cooled and converted into saturated steam, the saturated steam enters the second stage of the compressor, the saturated steam is secondarily pressurized through the second stage of the compressor and converted into high-pressure superheated steam, and the interstage water sprayer controls the water inflow through an interstage water spray adjusting valve;
the second stage of the compressor is connected with the steam exhaust buffer tank through a steam exhaust pipeline, a steam exhaust water sprayer is arranged on the steam exhaust pipeline, the pressurized high-pressure superheated steam is cooled and converted into saturated secondary high-pressure steam, the saturated secondary high-pressure steam enters the steam exhaust buffer tank for buffering, the steam exhaust water sprayer controls the water inflow through an outlet water spray adjusting valve, and a check valve and a steam exhaust electric butterfly valve are further arranged on the steam exhaust pipeline and controls the flow of the secondary saturated high-pressure steam entering the steam exhaust buffer tank;
a bypass pipeline is arranged between the steam inlet pipeline and the steam exhaust pipeline, an anti-surge valve and a temperature and pressure reducing device are arranged on the bypass pipeline, the control system controls automatic opening and closing to meet the requirement of steam internal circulation necessary for starting and stopping of the pressurization system in the starting and stopping process, a temperature and pressure reducing valve and a pressure reducing valve are arranged in the temperature and pressure reducing device, the temperature and pressure reducing device is connected with bypass water spray, and the temperature of steam in the bypass pipeline is reduced by adjusting the temperature and pressure reducing valve;
the gear box is arranged between the first stage of the compressor and the second stage of the compressor, and transmits power and speed to the first stage of the compressor impeller and the second stage of the compressor impeller which are coaxial through the speed increasing gear;
the main motor is arranged at the side of the second stage of the compressor and provides a power source for the operation of the gear box;
the lubricating oil system comprises a main oil tank and a high-level oil tank, wherein the main oil tank is arranged on the same side of the main motor and is used for providing lubricating oil lubrication for the gear box and the main motor; the high-level oil tank is arranged above the unit and used for supplementing lubricating oil to the unit which is powered off accidentally, a heater is arranged in the main oil tank, the high-level oil tank is connected with an electromagnetic valve, and an electric oil pump is further arranged between the main oil tank and the gear box;
temperature sensors and pressure sensors are arranged at the inlet and outlet ends of the steam inlet buffer tank, the first stage of the compressor and the second stage of the compressor, a temperature sensor is arranged on a main motor, an inlet temperature sensor and a vibration sensor are arranged on a gear box, and a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged at the outlet end of the temperature and pressure reducing device;
and the PLC control system is used for receiving the sensor signal, sending a control instruction to the pressurization system and carrying out full-automatic monitoring and control.
2. The steam line pressurization system according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the steam inlet buffer tank and the bottom of the steam exhaust buffer tank are both provided with drain valves, so that the condensed water can be discharged continuously.
3. The steam line pressurization system according to claim 1, wherein: the steam inlet pipeline, the steam exhaust pipeline, the interstage pipeline and the bypass pipeline are all provided with corrugated pipes which are used for absorbing the extension or shortening of the compensation pipeline caused by temperature change and have the damping function.
4. A fully automatic control method of a steam pipeline pressurization system, for controlling a steam pipeline pressurization system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1 start mode
Before starting the machine: detecting the states of a sensor, a gear box, a compressor, a main motor and a lubricating oil system of the supercharging system, wherein if the states are detected normally, the machine is started, and if the states are not detected normally, the sound and light alarm is given, and the machine starting program is not executed;
starting the machine: starting an electric oil pump, fully opening a steam inlet regulating valve and a steam exhaust electric butterfly valve, and determining whether to start the main motor according to the inlet oil pressure of the main motor; if the main motor is normally started, opening the inlet guide vane mechanism to an initial set opening degree, then opening the interstage water spray regulating valve and a temperature reduction valve in the temperature reduction and pressure reduction device to the initial opening degree, closing an anti-surge valve on the bypass pipeline, a pressure reduction valve in the temperature reduction and pressure reduction device and an electromagnetic valve in a high-level oil tank, and enabling the system to enter a normal operation state; if the main motor is not started, the main motor is forcibly stopped;
s2 constant pressure self-control mode
The method comprises the steps that a pressure boosting system is subjected to constant pressure control through a PLC control system, so that the steam pressure discharged by a compressor is kept dynamically stable, and the pressure boosting system comprises a constant pressure control loop PIC, an inlet guide vane mechanism IGV, an anti-surge control loop SIC, an anti-surge system BOV and a main motor overload protection loop CIC;
the constant pressure control loop PIC is used for monitoring the pressure of the outlet pipeline of the compressor, comparing the pressure with a set target value, sending an indication signal to the IGV, and controlling the IGV to be closed or opened according to the increase or decrease of the exhaust pressure of the compressor until the anti-surge control loop SIC is closed to start working or until the anti-surge control loop CIC is opened to start working;
when the exhaust pressure of the compressor rises, the current of a main motor is lower than the set value of the anti-surge control loop SIC, and the anti-surge control loop SIC sends an electric signal to the anti-surge system BOV, so that the anti-surge system BOV is opened or closed, and the stable exhaust pressure of the compressor is kept;
the main motor overload protection circuit CIC monitors the current of the main motor in real time and compares the current with the maximum current value allowed by the main motor set by the main motor overload protection circuit CIC, if the load of the main motor exceeds a limit value, the main motor overload protection circuit CIC sends a signal to close the inlet guide vane mechanism IGV so as to enable the current of the main motor to return to the limit value, and if the current of the main motor is reduced to be lower than the limit value, the main motor overload protection circuit CIC sends a signal to open the inlet guide vane mechanism IGV so as to enable the exhaust pressure to return to a set target value;
s3 spray automatic control mode
When the temperature of the superheated steam in the interstage pipeline, the steam exhaust pipeline and the bypass pipeline needs to be reduced, the opening degrees of the interstage water spray regulating valve, the outlet water spray regulating valve and the temperature reduction valve are controlled by the PLC control system, the superheated steam can be completely converted into saturated steam, and the operation efficiency of the compressor is improved;
s4 automatic anti-surge mode
When the constant-pressure automatic control mode fails accidentally or the compressor generates surge phenomenon due to other reasons, the compressor starts the automatic anti-surge control mode to prevent the compressor from always running in a surge area;
s5 shutdown mode
The method comprises normal shutdown, soft shutdown, forced shutdown and emergency shutdown;
when the automatic control system starts to control the compressor, an operator sends a compressor stop signal through a touch screen on the PLC control cabinet;
in the running process of the compressor, the numerical values of some monitoring parameters are in the imminent limit, and if the compressor continues to run and is damaged to a certain extent, the monitoring point sends a signal to request soft stop;
in the running process of the compressor, the numerical values of some monitoring parameters are in the limit, if the compressor is seriously damaged after continuously running, the monitoring point sends a signal to request forced shutdown;
when the compressor is in an operation process and an operator thinks that the compressor needs to stop immediately due to abnormality, an emergency stop button on the PLC control cabinet is pressed down to stop emergently;
s6 whole process on-line monitoring mode
When the supercharging system is started and stopped and in a normal operation state, the PLC control system carries out real-time measurement and control on parameters of the lubricating oil system, the compressor system, the gear box and the sensor, and the safe and stable operation of the system is ensured.
5. The fully automatic control method of the steam pipeline pressurization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the IGV of the inlet guide vane mechanism is closed by the main motor overload protection circuit CIC and is prior to the IGV of the inlet guide vane mechanism which is opened by the constant voltage control circuit PIC, so that the main motor is prevented from being burnt out due to overload and affecting the normal operation of the system.
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| CN113606156A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2021-11-05 | 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 | Self-balancing anti-surge structure of steam compressor and control method |
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