CN112895620A - 一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112895620A
CN112895620A CN202110170626.7A CN202110170626A CN112895620A CN 112895620 A CN112895620 A CN 112895620A CN 202110170626 A CN202110170626 A CN 202110170626A CN 112895620 A CN112895620 A CN 112895620A
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fiber
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barium titanate
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戴家木
陈志汉
张伟
张瑜
李素英
徐托
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Huaian Qiaoxin New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料，其制备方法包括以下步骤：（1）聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维的制备：将钛酸钡纳米颗粒添加到聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维，标记为A纤维；（2）聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维的制备：将石墨烯粉末添加到聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维，标记为B纤维；（3）复合纤维面料的制备：将上述两种纤维分别剪成短纤，在经过梳理机进行梳理后得到低克重的纤维网，后将两种纤维网按照B/A/B的方式进行叠放，保持各纤维网表面平整均匀无破损，随后进行粘合。该改性氨纶面料具有良好的拉伸弹性和导电性，在按压与拉伸作用下均能够表现出压电效应。

Description

一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维材料领域，特别涉及一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料及制备方法。
背景技术
智能可穿戴材料作为一类柔性电子器件，在医疗健康领域得到越来越多的关注和应用。基于压电和导电方面的智能可穿戴材料种类较多，其主要需要解决的问题在于柔性、弹性以及持久性。纤维的表面修饰能够赋予其良好的导电性，但随着使用周期的延长，表面修饰层会逐渐脱落，其持久性不能得到保证。目前多数基于压电原理开发的产品集中关注了材料在受到垂直方向的按压时的性能表现，而不能考虑到在水平方向施加拉伸作用时的情况，在产品开发方面受到了一定程度的限制。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料及制备方法，通过该方法制成的氨纶面料具有良好的拉伸弹性和导电性，在按压与拉伸作用下均能够表现出压电效应，可以有效地解决背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料，所述改性氨纶面料具有三明治结构，其中间层为聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维网，其余两层为聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维网。
优选地，所述聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维包含90份的聚氨酯与10份的钛酸钡；所述聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维包含92份的聚氨酯与8份的石墨烯。
一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维的制备：将钛酸钡纳米颗粒添加到聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维，标记为A纤维；
（2）聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维的制备：将石墨烯粉末添加到聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维，标记为B纤维；
（3）复合纤维面料的制备：将上述两种纤维分别剪成短纤，在经过梳理机进行梳理后得到低克重的纤维网，后将两种纤维网按照B/A/B的方式进行叠放，保持各纤维网表面平整均匀无破损，随后进行粘合。
优选地，在所述步骤（1）中，所述钛酸钡纳米颗粒份数为20~30份，所述聚氨酯溶液份数为70~80份。
优选地，在所述步骤（1）中，所述钛酸钡纳米颗粒的粒径大小为20~100nm。
优选地，在所述步骤（2）中，所述石墨烯粉末份数为5~10份，所述聚氨酯溶液份数为80~95份。
优选地，在所述步骤（2）中，所述石墨烯粉末的颗粒粒径为100~1000nm。
优选地，在所述步骤（3）中，所述A纤维网的克重为B纤维网克重的0.5~1倍。
进一步地，在所述步骤（3）中，所述A、B纤维网之间为热粘合。
优选地，所述热粘合的粘合温度为140~150℃，粘合压力为1~2Mpa，粘合时间为13~15s。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
一、本发明中的改性氨纶面料具有三明治结构，其中间层为聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维网，其余两层为聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维网，钛酸钡及石墨烯是与聚氨酯进行直接混合纺丝，两者在聚氨酯内部均匀分散，在外力摩擦及水洗过程中不会脱落，相较于聚氨酯表面直接黏附的方法，直接混合纺丝法能够更好的保护面料的结构，因此能够延长面料的使用周期。
二、本发明中的改性氨纶面料具有良好的拉伸弹性和导电性。其中，钛酸钡及石墨烯作为改性剂，能够提高聚氨酯的结晶度，提升材料的拉伸强度。而石墨烯是导电性十分优良的材料，添加到聚氨酯中能显著提高面料整体的导电性能。
三、本发明中的改性氨纶面料采用钛酸钡作为压电材料，织物被拉伸时，纤维变细伸长，这部分形变能够对纤维内部的钛酸钡形成挤压，因此该面料在按压与拉伸作用下均能够表现出压电效应，能够用作智能可穿戴设备的原材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明中改性氨纶面料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料，具有三明治结构，其中间层为聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维网，其余两层为聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维网。其中，聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维包含80份的聚氨酯与20份的钛酸钡，聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维包含92份的聚氨酯与8份的石墨烯。
上述改性氨纶面料的制备方法步骤如下：
（1）聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维的制备：将5份粒径为100nm的钛酸钡纳米颗粒添加到95份的聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维，标记为A纤维。
（2）聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维的制备：将5份粒径为1000nm的石墨烯粉末添加到95份的聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维，标记为B纤维。
（3）复合纤维面料的制备：将上述两种纤维分别剪成短纤，在经过梳理机进行梳理后得到低克重的纤维网，A、B纤维网的克重均为30g/cm2；将两种纤维网按照B/A/B的方式进行叠放，保持各纤维网表面平整均匀无破损，随后进行热粘合，其温度为140℃，压力为1Mpa，时间为13s。
本发明中，制得的具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料，其结构稳定，轻薄透气，压电性能良好，在肘部弯压下，测得电压和电流约为1.4V和18nA。
实施例2
本实施例中的改性氨纶面料与实施例1中的改性氨纶面料结构完全相同，此处不做赘述。
上述改性氨纶面料的制备方法步骤如下：
（1）聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维的制备：将30份粒径为20nm的钛酸钡纳米颗粒添加到70份的聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维，标记为A纤维。
（2）聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维的制备：将10份粒径为100nm的石墨烯粉末添加到90份的聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维，标记为B纤维。
（3）复合纤维面料的制备：将上述两种纤维分别剪成短纤，在经过梳理机进行梳理后得到低克重的纤维网，A纤维网的克重均为30g/cm2，B纤维网的克重为45 g/cm2；将两种纤维网按照B/A/B的方式进行叠放，保持各纤维网表面平整均匀无破损，随后进行热粘合，其温度为150℃，压力为2Mpa，时间为15s。
本发明中，制得的具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料，其结构稳定，厚度相对较大，压电性能良好，在肘部弯压下，测得电压和电流约为1.8V和23nA。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料，其特征在于：所述改性氨纶面料具有三明治结构，其中间层为聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维网，其余两层为聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维网。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维包含70~80份的聚氨酯与20~30份的钛酸钡；所述聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维包含80~95份的聚氨酯与5~10份的石墨烯。
3.一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤，
（1）聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维的制备：将钛酸钡纳米颗粒添加到聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/钛酸钡复合纤维，标记为A纤维；
（2）聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维的制备：将石墨烯粉末添加到聚氨酯溶液中，充分混匀后，经过纺丝获得聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维，标记为B纤维；
（3）复合纤维面料的制备：将上述两种纤维分别剪成短纤，在经过梳理机进行梳理后得到低克重的纤维网，后将两种纤维网按照B/A/B的方式进行叠放，保持各纤维网表面平整均匀无破损，随后进行粘合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤（1）中，所述钛酸钡纳米颗粒份数为20~30份，所述聚氨酯溶液份数为70~80份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤（1）中，所述钛酸钡纳米颗粒的粒径大小为20~100nm。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤（2）中，所述石墨烯粉末份数为5~10份，所述聚氨酯溶液份数为80~95份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤（2）中，所述石墨烯粉末的颗粒粒径为100~1000nm。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤（3）中，所述A纤维网的克重为B纤维网克重的0.5~1倍。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤（3）中，所述A、B纤维网之间为热粘合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种具有压电效应的改性氨纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述热粘合的粘合温度为140~150℃，粘合压力为1~2Mpa，粘合时间为13~15s。
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CN109060199A (zh) * 2018-06-25 2018-12-21 青岛大学 一种压电传感器的制备方法及压电传感器的应用
CN111270414A (zh) * 2020-03-23 2020-06-12 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 一种柔性压电纤维膜及其制备方法和应用
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