CN106003875B - 一种弹性导电复合织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种弹性导电复合织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106003875B
CN106003875B CN201610356637.3A CN201610356637A CN106003875B CN 106003875 B CN106003875 B CN 106003875B CN 201610356637 A CN201610356637 A CN 201610356637A CN 106003875 B CN106003875 B CN 106003875B
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许福军
高扬
谢惺
李雅倩
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Donghua University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种弹性导电复合织物及其制备方法。所述的本发明提供了一种弹性导电复合织物，其特征在于，包括从上到下依次设置的氨纶弹性织物、粘合剂层、柔性纳米导电膜、粘合剂层和氨纶弹性织物。本发明所制备的导电复合织物导电性好(103S/m‑105S/m)，弹性好，伸长率高(20％‑50％)，可承受弯曲和压缩变形。该弹性的导电复合织物可以用于智能可穿戴服装中，在智能纺织结构和智能材料领域具有广泛的应用。

Description

一种弹性导电复合织物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及智能纺织品领域，更具体地说，涉及弹性导电复合纺织品领域。
背景技术
近年来，随着科技以及互联网的高速发展，智能纺织品和可穿戴电子产品的研发和应用越来越广泛，而导电织物因其可以同时实现导电与可穿戴，在医疗、军事、娱乐等诸多领域表现出重要的研究价值和应用潜力。
目前市场上的导电织物大多是通过导电纤维混纺或导电涂层等方式制得。导电纤维虽然电学性能优良，但柔性差，不耐弯折，价格高昂，在纺纱过程中，混纺比不当会造成很大浪费，增加了织造工艺难度，在纺织品的应用中受到一定的局限性，而导电涂层的方式一方面增加了织物的厚度和硬度，穿戴舒适性差，另一方面耐洗涤性能差，涂层容易脱落，在使用过程中也具有很多缺陷。因此，现在迫切需要研发一种具有“轻、薄、柔”特性，穿戴舒适性好，弹性高，耐久性好的导电织物。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题提供一种弹性导电复合织物及其制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种弹性导电复合织物，其特征在于，包括从上到下依次设置的氨纶弹性织物、粘合剂层、柔性纳米导电膜、粘合剂层和氨纶弹性织物。
本发明还提供了上述的弹性导电复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
第一步：选用氨纶弹性织物作为弹性附着基体，将其拉伸后固定，在氨纶弹性织物的表面涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂，形成粘合剂层；
第二步：将一层覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜压渍在粘合剂层上；
第三步：在柔性纳米导电膜的上侧涂覆液体弹性粘合剂形成另一粘合剂层，再在该粘合剂层的上侧粘合一层氨纶弹性织物作为保护层，在一定条件下使粘合剂固化；
第四步：释放施加在弹性附着基体上的拉力，使其带动柔性纳米导电膜回缩，即可制得弹性导电复合织物。
优选地，所述的柔性纳米导电膜为碳纳米管膜。
更优选地，所述的碳纳米管膜由单壁或多壁碳纳米管制得，碳纳米管直径为10nm-100nm，膜厚度为10um-50um，孔隙率为35％-75％，拉伸强度为100MPa-500MPa，电导率为104-105S/m。
更优选地，所述的碳纳米管膜尺寸与拉伸后的弹性附着基体相同。
优选地，所述的氨纶弹性织物为氨纶与棉、涤纶或锦纶的混纺织物。
优选地，所述的液体弹性粘合剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、丙烯酸或聚氨酯。
优选地，所述的电极采用铜片、铜丝、导电纤维或其它导电材料，电极通过导电银胶与柔性纳米导电膜相连。
更优选地，所述的第一步中，将氨纶弹性织物拉伸后固定时，氨纶弹性织物的伸长率为其断裂伸长率的5～50％。
所述第三步中的固化时间温度、压力等条件由所选择的粘合剂决定。
本发明创新地采用了氨纶织物作为弹性附着基体以及保护层，以高导通性的碳纳米管膜作为导电膜，通过拉伸固定弹性附着基体，在粘合剂固化后释放拉力，制得弹性的导电膜材料。本发明所制备的导电织物导电性好(103S/m-105S/m)，弹性好，伸长率高(20％-50％)，可承受弯曲和压缩变形，而且可以通过采用超轻薄氨纶弹性织物，实现导电织物轻薄化，提高穿着舒适性。该弹性导电复合织物可以用于智能可穿戴服装中，在智能纺织结构和智能材料领域具有广泛的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.采用氨纶弹性织物作为弹性附着基体，并在拉伸的同时与柔性纳米导电膜粘结固化，从而提高了导电膜的柔韧性和弹性。
2.采用柔性纳米导电膜——碳纳米管膜作为导电材料，采用柔性纳米导电膜一碳纳米管膜作为导电材料，电导率可达1.5*105s/m，具有高导通性，电学性能稳定，比传统导电材料轻薄耐用，可承受拉伸弯折。
3.采用氨纶弹性织物作为保护层，保证弹性的同时，使其不易磨损漏电，提高了材料的电学安全性和耐久性。
4.该制备方法简单易行，适合产业化推广，具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是弹性的导电复合织物示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1：超薄弹性的导电复合织物
如图1所示，一种弹性导电复合织物，包括从上到下依次设置的氨纶弹性织物1、粘合剂层2、柔性纳米导电膜3、粘合剂层2和氨纶弹性织物1。
其制备方法为：
1、材料：
(1)两个氨纶弹性织物1均选用超细超薄莱卡布，其为锦纶和氨纶的混纺织物，克重：110g/m2，纱支：20D，成分及含量：锦纶：80％，氨纶：20％，尺寸为40×40cm2。
(2)选用尺寸为60×40cm2的碳纳米管膜(中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所)作为柔性纳米导电膜3，其由多壁碳纳米管制得，碳纳米管直径为20nm左右，膜厚度为20um，孔隙率为75％，拉伸强度为约200MPa，电导率约1*105S/m；
(3)将PDMS液体(道康宁公司，SYLGARD184，粘度5.2Pa-sec)与固化剂(粘度3.5Pa-sec)按10∶1(重量比)比例混合均匀得到PDMS粘合剂，作为液体弹性粘合剂，用于形成粘合剂层2，两个粘合剂层2的材料相同。
2、制备步骤为：
第一步：选用氨纶弹性织物1作为弹性附着基体，将其拉伸后固定，此时氨纶弹性织物的伸长率为其断裂伸长率的50％，在氨纶弹性织物1的表面均匀涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂，形成粘合剂层2，厚度约为0.2mm；
第二步：采用导电银胶将铜丝电极与柔性纳米导电膜3相连形成覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜3，将一层覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜3压渍在未固化的粘合剂层2上；
第三步：在柔性纳米导电膜的3上侧均匀涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂形成另一粘合剂层2，厚度约为0.2mm，再在该粘合剂层2的上侧粘合一层氨纶弹性织物1作为保护层，保持弹性附着基体的拉伸状态，在80℃下使粘合剂固化，固化时间不低于12小时；
第四步：释放施加在弹性附着基体上的拉力，使其带动柔性纳米导电膜3回缩，即可制得弹性导电复合织物。
该超薄弹性的导电复合织物的厚度约为0.6mm。以20％的伸长率反复拉伸材料100次，电导率基本没有变化，反复拉伸200次，电导率下降3％以内，反复拉伸500次，电导率下降6％以内。该该超薄弹性的导电复合织物可以作为超薄可穿戴弹性电子器件，还可用于智能服装等。
实施例2：涤纶的弹性导电复合织物
如图1所示，一种弹性导电复合织物，包括从上到下依次设置的氨纶弹性织物1、粘合剂层2、柔性纳米导电膜3、粘合剂层2和氨纶弹性织物1。
其制备方法为：
1、材料：
(1)两个氨纶弹性织物1均选用100D涤纶四面弹力布，其为涤纶和氨纶的混纺织物，克重：125g/m2，成分及含量：涤纶：90％，氨纶：10％，尺寸为40×40cm2。
(2)选用尺寸为60×40cm2的碳纳米管膜(中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所)作为柔性纳米导电膜3，其由多壁碳纳米管制得，碳纳米管直径为20nm左右，膜厚度为20um，孔隙率为75％，拉伸强度为约200MPa，电导率约1*105S/m；
(3)选用水溶性聚氨酯(拜耳科技有限公司，型号为U54)作为液体弹性粘合剂，用于形成粘合剂层2，两个粘合剂层2的材料相同。
2、制备步骤为：
第一步：选用氨纶弹性织物1作为弹性附着基体，将其拉伸后固定，此时氨纶弹性织物的伸长率为其断裂伸长率的50％，在氨纶弹性织物1的表面均匀涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂，形成粘合剂层2，厚度约为0.2mm；
第二步：采用导电银胶将铜丝电极与柔性纳米导电膜3相连形成覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜3，将一层覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜3压渍在未固化的粘合剂层2上；
第三步：在柔性纳米导电膜的3上侧均匀涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂形成另一粘合剂层2，厚度约为0.2mm，再在该粘合剂层2的上侧粘合一层氨纶弹性织物1作为保护层，保持弹性附着基体的拉伸状态，在60℃下使粘合剂固化，固化时间不低于12小时；
第四步：释放施加在弹性附着基体上的拉力，使其带动柔性纳米导电膜3回缩，即可制得弹性导电复合织物。
实施例3：耐磨弹性的导电复合织物
如图1所示，一种弹性导电复合织物，包括从上到下依次设置的氨纶弹性织物1、粘合剂层2、柔性纳米导电膜3、粘合剂层2和氨纶弹性织物1。
其制备方法为：
1、材料：
(1)两个氨纶弹性织物1均选用高密锦纶四面弹力布，其为锦纶和氨纶的混纺织物，克重：168g/m2，成分及含量：锦纶：84％，氨纶：16％，尺寸为40×40cm2。
(2)选用尺寸为60×40cm2的碳纳米管膜(中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所)作为柔性纳米导电膜3，其由多壁碳纳米管制得，碳纳米管直径为20nm左右，膜厚度为20um，孔隙率为75％，拉伸强度为约200MPa，电导率约1*105S/m；
(3)选用水溶性聚氨酯(拜耳科技有限公司，型号为U54)作为液体弹性粘合剂，用于形成粘合剂层2，两个粘合剂层2的材料相同。
2、制备步骤为：
第一步：选用氨纶弹性织物1作为弹性附着基体，将其拉伸后固定，此时氨纶弹性织物的伸长率为其断裂伸长率的50％，在氨纶弹性织物1的表面均匀涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂，形成粘合剂层2，厚度约为0.3mm；
第二步：采用导电银胶将铜丝电极与柔性纳米导电膜3相连形成覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜3，将一层覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜3压渍在未固化的粘合剂层2上；
第三步：在柔性纳米导电膜的3上侧均匀涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂形成另一粘合剂层2，厚度约为0.2mm，再在该粘合剂层2的上侧粘合一层氨纶弹性织物1作为保护层，保持弹性附着基体的拉伸状态，在60℃下使粘合剂固化，固化时间不低于12小时；
第四步：释放施加在弹性附着基体上的拉力，使其带动柔性纳米导电膜3回缩，即可制得弹性导电复合织物。
该耐磨弹性的导电复合织物导电性能稳定，而且轻便耐磨、垂挺质感及弹力伸缩性好，穿着舒适，耐久性好。
本发明并不局限于上述实施方式，上述实施方式仅是示意性的，而非限制性，本领域的技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护范围下，还可以做出很多种形式，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之中。

Claims (5)

1.一种弹性导电复合织物的制备方法，所述的弹性导电复合织物，包括从上到下依次设置的氨纶弹性织物(1)、粘合剂层(2)、柔性纳米导电膜(3)、粘合剂层(2)和氨纶弹性织物(1)，其特征在于，所述的制备方法包括：
第一步：选用氨纶弹性织物(1)作为弹性附着基体，将其拉伸后固定，在氨纶弹性织物(1)的表面涂覆一层液体弹性粘合剂，形成粘合剂层(2)；将氨纶弹性织物拉伸后固定时，氨纶弹性织物的伸长率为其断裂伸长率的5～50％；
第二步：将一层覆有电极的柔性纳米导电膜(3)压渍在粘合剂层(2)上；所述的柔性纳米导电膜为碳纳米管膜；所述的碳纳米管膜由单壁或多壁碳纳米管制得，碳纳米管直径为10nm-100nm，膜厚度为10μm-50μm，孔隙率为35％-75％，拉伸强度为100MPa-500MPa，电导率为104-105S/m；
第三步：在柔性纳米导电膜的(3)上侧涂覆液体弹性粘合剂形成另一粘合剂层(2)，再在该粘合剂层(2)的上侧粘合一层氨纶弹性织物(1)作为保护层，在一定条件下使粘合剂固化；
第四步：释放施加在弹性附着基体上的拉力，使其带动柔性纳米导电膜(3)回缩，即可制得弹性导电复合织物；所述的弹性导电复合织物伸长率为20％-50％，能够承受弯曲和压缩变形。
2.如权利要求1所述的弹性导电复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的碳纳米管膜尺寸与拉伸后的弹性附着基体相同。
3.如权利要求1所述的弹性导电复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的氨纶弹性织物为氨纶与棉、涤纶或锦纶的混纺织物。
4.如权利要求1所述的弹性导电复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的液体弹性粘合剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷、丙烯酸或聚氨酯。
5.如权利要求1所述的弹性导电复合织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的电极采用铜片、铜丝、导电纤维或其它导电材料，电极通过导电银胶与柔性纳米导电膜相连。
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