CN112894026A - Spiral guide rail calculation and control method of gear shaping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral guide rail calculation and control method of a gear shaping machine, which is characterized in that on the basis of analyzing the principle of the main motion of the gear shaping machine, namely a crank-link slider mechanism, a displacement formula of a gear shaping cutter is obtained, a rotation angle calculation method of the cutter at different cutting positions when a spiral angle gear is inserted is further established, the related position relation of each shaft is directly calculated through a machine tool computer, and then the machining of the spiral angle gear is realized through the control of a servo shaft.

Description

Spiral guide rail calculation and control method of gear shaping machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric bicycle control, and particularly relates to a spiral guide rail calculation and control method of a gear shaping machine.

Background

At present, a gear shaping machine on the market can only process straight-tooth gears, a special mechanical spiral guide rail accessory needs to be added when the gears with spiral angles are processed, the accessory is high in precision requirement and complex to manufacture, only a host manufacturer generally has the capability of designing and processing, one set of guide rail accessory can only adapt to the corresponding spiral angle gear, different mechanical spiral guide rail accessories can be correspondingly added for different spiral angle gears, and the cost of gear production enterprises is increased. The application of the gear shaping machine for machining the gear with any spiral angle is still in a starting stage in China by adopting electronic pre-calculation and realizing the action of a mechanical spiral guide rail through a servo program, and the technology is not mature enough and the application is not wide.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a spiral guide rail calculation and control method of a gear shaping machine aiming at the defects in the prior art, a displacement formula of a gear shaping cutter is obtained on the basis of analyzing the principle of main motion of the gear shaping machine, namely a crank connecting rod sliding block mechanism, a rotation angle calculation method of the cutter at different cutting positions when a spiral angle gear is inserted is further established, the relevant position relation of each shaft is directly calculated through a machine tool computer, and then the machining of the spiral angle gear is realized through the control of a servo shaft.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a helical track calculation and control method of a gear shaping machine comprises the following steps:

step 1, performing dynamic analysis on main motion of the gear shaper, and establishing different rotation angles theta of cutter displacement relative to the main motion during gear shaping cutting_{Master and slave}Shift in time f (theta)_{Master and slave})，

In the above formula, a is the eccentric amount of the crank, and c is the length of the connecting rod;

step 2, the principle of gear shaping machining gear can be regarded as that a pair of gears meshed with each other do meshing motion. Then the cutter rotates by an angle theta_{Knife with cutting edge}Angle of rotation theta with respect to the working_{Worker's tool}The relationship of (1) is:

in the above formula is Z_{Knife with cutting edge}Number of tool teeth, Z_{Worker's tool}Number of teeth of workpiece

Step 3, when the gear shaping machine is used for machining the spiral angle gear, an additional rotation is added in the process that the cutter and the workpiece do meshing motion, and the cutter displacement f (theta) is established_{Master and slave}) Rotation angle f (θ):

in the above formula, d is the cutter lead

Step 4, processing the helical angleDuring gear cutting, each cutting action (theta) is established during gear shaping processing by adding additional spiral guide rail action on a cutter rotating shaft in the cutter cutting process_{Master and slave}∈[0，2π]) Middle main motion motor theta_{Master and slave}Tool rotating motor theta_{Knife with cutting edge}Workpiece rotating motor theta_{Worker's tool}The relation between the three parts is that after various parameters are determined during gear shaping, the computer calculates the mutual rotation angle values of the three rotating shafts at the equant parts, and the servo motor is adopted to control the gear shaping machine to realize the machining of any gear with any spiral angle. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of helical cutting

Tool rotating motor theta_{Knife with cutting edge}

In the above formula: when the rotation direction of the cutter is the same as the additional rotation direction of the cutter, the upper plus is taken, and otherwise, the lower minus is taken.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a gear shaper cutter displacement according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the helical cutting of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:

referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a method for calculating and controlling a spiral guide rail of a gear shaping machine, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, performing dynamic analysis on main motion of the gear shaper, and establishing different rotation angles theta of cutter displacement relative to the main motion during gear shaping cutting_{Master and slave}Shift in time f (theta)_{Master and slave})，

In the above formula, a is the eccentric amount of the crank, and c is the length of the connecting rod;

step 2, the principle of gear shaping machining gear can be regarded as that a pair of gears meshed with each other do meshing motion. Then the cutter rotates by an angle theta_{Knife with cutting edge}Angle of rotation theta with respect to the working_{Worker's tool}The relationship of (1) is:

in the above formula is Z_{Knife with cutting edge}Number of tool teeth, Z_{Worker's tool}Number of teeth of workpiece

Step 3, when the gear shaping machine is used for machining the spiral angle gear, an additional rotation is added in the process that the cutter and the workpiece do meshing motion, and the cutter displacement f (theta) is established_{Master and slave}) Rotation angle f (θ):

in the above formula, d is the cutter lead

Step 4, when the spiral angle gear is machined, each cutting action (theta) in gear shaping machining is established by adding an additional spiral guide rail action on a cutter rotating shaft in the cutting process of the cutter_{Master and slave}∈[0，2π]) Middle main motion motor theta_{Master and slave}Tool rotating motor theta_{Knife with cutting edge}Workpiece rotating motor theta_{Worker's tool}The relation between the three parts is that after various parameters are determined during gear shaping, the computer calculates the mutual rotation angle values of the three rotating shafts at the equant parts, and the servo motor is adopted to control the gear shaping machine to realize the machining of any gear with any spiral angle. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of helical cutting

Tool rotating motor theta_{Knife with cutting edge}

In the above formula: when the rotation direction of the cutter is the same as the additional rotation direction of the cutter, the upper plus is taken, and otherwise, the lower minus is taken.

Specifically, we want to machine an internal tooth part with a tooth width of 55mm, a module of 2.7, a tooth number of 12, and a helix angle of 38 degrees.

The parameters of the cutter are as follows: tooth number 7, helix angle 38 degrees.

Adjusting basic parameters of the gear shaper: the crank is eccentric by 32mm, and the fixed length of the connecting rod is 283 mm.

The crank is divided into 180 equal parts from 0 degree to 180 degree, namely, the crank is increased by 1 degree, namely theta_{Master and slave}Comprises the following steps:

the cutting displacement of the tool is calculated corresponding to f (theta)_{Master and slave}) The values are:

the tool lead was calculated from the tool parameters: 96.443mm

The additional rotation angle values of the cutter at different displacement values are as follows:

the fixed rotation angle of the table at each cut is given and divided into 180 equal parts, as follows theta_{Worker's tool}；

When the main motion motor rotates at an angle theta_{Master and slave}Angle of rotation theta of table motor_{Worker's tool}Corresponding to the rotational angle theta of the tool holder motor_{Knife with cutting edge}Is composed of

The corresponding angle values of the three servo motors are calculated in advance, and then the three servo motors are controlled to rotate according to the corresponding angles through a program, so that the purpose of internal spiral tooth energy in a cutting example can be achieved.

The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A helical guide track calculation and control method of a gear shaping machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, performing dynamic analysis on main motion of the gear shaper, and establishing different rotation angles theta of cutter displacement relative to the main motion during gear shaping cutting_{Master and slave}Shift in time f (theta)_{Master and slave})，

In the above formula, a is the eccentric amount of the crank, and c is the length of the connecting rod;

step 2, the principle of gear shaping machining gear can be regarded as that a pair of gears meshed with each other do meshing motion. Then the cutter rotates by an angle theta_{Knife with cutting edge}Angle of rotation theta with respect to the working_{Worker's tool}The relationship of (1) is:

in the above formula is Z_{Knife with cutting edge}Number of tool teeth, Z_{Worker's tool}Number of teeth of workpiece

Step 3, when the gear shaping machine is used for machining the spiral angle gear, an additional rotation is added in the process that the cutter and the workpiece do meshing motion, and the cutter displacement f (theta) is established_{Master and slave}) Rotation angle f (θ):

in the above formula, d is the cutter lead

Step 4, when the spiral angle gear is machined, each cutting action (theta) in gear shaping machining is established by adding an additional spiral guide rail action on a cutter rotating shaft in the cutting process of the cutter_{Master and slave}∈[0，2π]) Middle main motion motor theta_{Master and slave}Tool rotating motor theta_{Knife with cutting edge}Workpiece rotating motor theta_{Worker's tool}The relation between the three parts is that after various parameters are determined during gear shaping, the computer calculates the mutual rotation angle values of the three rotating shafts at the equant parts, and the servo motor is adopted to control the gear shaping machine to realize the machining of any gear with any spiral angle. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of helical cutting

In the above formula, the upper "+" is taken when the tool rotation direction is the same as the tool additional rotation direction, and the lower "-" is taken otherwise.

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