CN1128938A - 耐除草剂的经济作物的增产方法 - Google Patents

耐除草剂的经济作物的增产方法 Download PDF

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CN1128938A
CN1128938A CN94193033A CN94193033A CN1128938A CN 1128938 A CN1128938 A CN 1128938A CN 94193033 A CN94193033 A CN 94193033A CN 94193033 A CN94193033 A CN 94193033A CN 1128938 A CN1128938 A CN 1128938A
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G·多恩
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Abstract

本发明涉及耐谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂的经济作物的增产方法，其中使用低应用量的谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂进行处理，以及谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂用于转基因经济作物的增产。

Description

耐除草剂的经济作物的增产方法
化合物Glufosinate(Glufosinate—铵，铵—DL—高丙氨酸—4—基(甲基)亚磷酸盐，Schwerdtle等，Z.Pflanzenkr.Pflanzenschutz.，1981，Sonderheft IX，431页)用作谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)的抑制剂，这是因为它具有类似于谷氨酸的结构。在所有植物的代谢中GS起着关键的作用。它负责NH3的解毒作用，这就导致所有植物在施用Glu-fosinate之后由于氨同化作用被抑制而遭严重损害或死亡。
通过Glufosinate—乙酰基转移酶基因的转移和表达，该基因是从由生产Bialaphos(phosphinothricin—丙氨酰—丙氨酸)的链霉菌菌种中分离出来的(EP—B1—0242236和EP—B1—0 257542)，已成功地生产出抗GS—抑制剂的除草作用的植物。通过在出苗后用Glu-fosinate进行处理，那些转基因的、耐除草剂的农业作物可有效地免除杂草。
用那些转基因的植物进行田间试验出乎预料地表明，用Glufosi-nate处理过的植物与未经处理的植物相比得到显著更高的产量。这一增产并不归因于Glufosinate的优异的除草性及其与转基因作物的彻底相容性，而是归因于用除草剂处理对作物生长和收成产生的积极影响。
因此本发明涉及一种耐谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂的经济作物的增产方法，其特征在于，用不对植物造成损害的应用量的谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂对植物进行处理。
本发明尤其涉及一种方法，其中为增产而使用谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂对植物进行处理，该植物通过N—乙酰基转移酶基因的表达而免受谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂的除草作用的损害。
此外，本发明涉及将谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂用于耐这种抑制剂的经济作物的增产。尤其涉及将谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂用于转基因经济作物的增产。
作为谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂优选应用Glufosinate或Bialaphos(Tachibana等，Abstr.5th Int.Congr.Pestic.Chem.，IVa，Abstract19；Mase，Jpn.Pestic.Inf.，1984，No45，P.27)。在本文中，Glufosinate的概念既包括消旋物(DL—高丙氨酸—4—基(甲基)亚磷酸)也包括生物活性的L—异构体及相应的盐。该除草剂可用在商业可获的制剂中。
GS—抑制剂的另外一个例子为Phosalacin化合物(Omura等，J.of Antibiotics，Vol.37，8，939—940页，1984)。
当在经济作物开花前的2—8、优选3—6叶期用除草剂进行处理，或对于多年生植物在任意时间进行除草剂处理时，用Glufosinate处理的增产效果特别明显。
在本发明方法中，植物用应用量(该应用量也用于除草)的除草剂进行至少一次的处理，例如150g—1000g Glufosinate/公顷。
但所要求的应用量随植物种类，其高度以及气候条件而改变。
本方法在350—700g Glufosinate/公顷的应用量时尤其有利，在这一应用量范围内所取得的效果与Glufosinate的应用量成正比，这并不基于除草效果的不同。在低PTC应用量时就可达到类似于更高应用量时所取得的除草效果。
以在应用浓度低范围中的低剂量对植物进行多次处理是尤其有利的，这一处理可隔几天即2—30天、优选5—20天，尤其优选8—15天进行。对植物以9—11天的间隔以低剂量进行处理尤其有利。
本发明方法一般用于处理耐GS抑制剂的植物。耐GS的植物也可用传统的培植方法得到。如果通过传统选育得到的植物的耐受水平与转基因植物的耐受水平相当，则可同样按本发明的方法对其进行处理。然而，本发明方法尤其适宜于对通过转移耐除草剂基因获得的耐Glufosinate植物进行处理。如何生产这种植物已在EP—B1—0242236和EP—B1—0257542中得到叙述。
在本发明中，植物这一概念包括被子植物纲和裸子植物纲这两类的经济作物。单个的植物以及农作物都可按本发明的方法进行处理。
在被子植物中尤其对松柏门植物感兴趣。
在裸子植物中尤其对以下植物感兴趣，茄科、十字花科、菊科、百合科、葡萄科、藜科、芸香料、凤梨科、茜草科、茶科、芭蕉科、禾本科以及豆科植物。优选处理茄科、十字花科以及禾本科的植物。
本发明方法尤其对其高产量有重要意义的农业作物的处理感兴趣，如玉米、大豆、夏油菜和冬油菜、甜菜、苜  向日葵、棉花、土豆、小麦、大麦、稻。但应用于西红柿及其它蔬菜种类如黄瓜，及水果，如甜瓜、草莓、树莓以及几维(kiwi)也很有利。
将本发明的方法应用于耐除草剂的木本植物如用于种植园和苗圃也是非常重要的。
通过将GS—抑制剂如PTC及其类似物及衍生物施用于树木的幼苗上可加快幼苗的生长。这里特别要提及的是胡桃木、油棕、果树、杨树及其它木本植物。
本发明方法在农业及园艺中都非常重要，因为通过施用除草剂谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂而无需另外使用肥料和植物生长调节剂就可得到明显的增产。在本文中，增产这一概念意味着产量增加直至50％。其它作用机理的除草剂要么不具有这一效果要么常常对产量有负效应。
用Glufosinate处理带来的促进生长作用可通过田间或罐中试验来测定，其中将用普通除草剂处理的或通过非化学方法除草的植物的产量进行比较。
下面的实施例对本发明进行说明，但本发明并不限于此。实施例1
将转基因耐Glufosinate的玉米或大豆作物种植于一小块地中(10m2)且在3—5叶期用不同量的Glufosinate处理。在处理后观察除草效果42天，当庄稼成熟后，收割并通过称重所得的种子测定种子产量。
在对玉米进行试验时使用Laddock R(一种莠去净和苯达松的混合物)作为参照剂。使用两种药剂对大豆作物进行处理。参照剂1含一种134g Fenoxaprop—P—乙基/公顷和425g Fomesafen/公顷的混合物；参照剂2含2240g Metolachlor/公顷和840g Storm R/公顷(一种苯达松和Acifluorfen的混合物)。参照剂公开于“The PesticideManual”第九版，Brit.Crop Prot.Council，1991。
表2中所述的两次低剂量的Glufosinate的处理是间隔10天进行的。
                                       表1
Glufosinate-应用量(g有效物质/公顷) 参照剂
    150  450  650
除草率(以％计)     92  97  98     78
使用参照剂试验田的产量(以％计)     118  121  125     100
                         表2耐Glufosinate-的大豆作物在施用Glufosinate之后的种子产量
    Glufosinate应用量(g有效物质/公顷)     参照剂
    350     450     550     650  150+150  250+250  350+350  450+450     1     2
 除草率(以％计)     85     93     95     94  96  96  98  99     98     90
以％计的产量(以使用参照剂1的试验田为基)     88     108     120     132  104  132  148  152     100     92

Claims (6)

1.耐谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂的经济作物的增产方法，其特征在于，使用对植物不造成损害的应用量的谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂对植物进行处理。
2.按权利要求1的方法，其中为增产将Glufosinate及其盐应用于通过N—乙酰基转移酶基因的表达而耐谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂的除草作用的经济作物上。
3.按权利要求1的方法，其中使用应用量(该应用量也用于除草)的活性物质对经济作物至少进行一次的处理。
4.按权利要求1的方法，其中使用150—1000g Glufosinate/公顷、优选350—700g Glufosinate/公顷对经济作物至少进行一次的处理。
5.谷氨酰胺合成酶—抑制剂用于耐该抑制剂的经济作物的增产。
6.Glufosinate及其盐用于转基因经济作物的增产。
CN94193033A 1993-08-12 1994-08-05 耐除草剂的经济作物的增产方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1089555C (zh)

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CN102217646A (zh) * 1998-08-13 2011-10-19 拜尔作物科学股份公司 用于耐性或抗性油菜作物的除草剂组合物
CN102217646B (zh) * 1998-08-13 2013-04-03 拜尔作物科学股份公司 用于耐性或抗性油菜作物的除草剂组合物

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KR960703516A (ko) 1996-08-31
EP0714237B2 (de) 2003-09-17
CN1089555C (zh) 2002-08-28
ES2124906T3 (es) 1999-02-16
DK0714237T3 (da) 1999-07-19
EP0714237B1 (de) 1998-11-04
ATE172847T1 (de) 1998-11-15
ES2124906T5 (es) 2004-06-01
CA2169282C (en) 2005-03-29
CZ41296A3 (en) 1996-05-15
DK0714237T4 (da) 2007-12-03
AU7497994A (en) 1995-03-14
WO1995005082A1 (de) 1995-02-23
KR100311838B1 (ko) 2002-11-22
HU220775B1 (hu) 2002-05-28
UA37243C2 (uk) 2001-05-15
BR9407237A (pt) 1996-09-24
DE59407241D1 (de) 1998-12-10
JPH09501179A (ja) 1997-02-04
HUT74593A (en) 1997-01-28
AU700325B2 (en) 1998-12-24
PL180005B1 (pl) 2000-11-30
HU9600295D0 (en) 1996-04-29
RU2166850C2 (ru) 2001-05-20
ZA946038B (en) 1995-03-20
CA2169282A1 (en) 1995-02-23
NZ271372A (en) 1997-10-24
DE4327056A1 (de) 1995-02-16

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