CN112890191A - Flower classification processing technology and flower product - Google Patents
Flower classification processing technology and flower product Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The application provides a flower classification processing technology and a flower product. The flower classification processing technology comprises the following steps: and S1 picking: picking and obtaining flower raw materials; classification of S2: collecting images of the flower raw materials, and determining the types of the flower raw materials through a flower classification model based on the images of the flower raw materials; s3 extraction: based on the type of the flower raw material, immersing the flower raw material into a corresponding solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in the flower to obtain an extracting solution containing the effective components of the flower; s4 concentration: heating and concentrating the extracting solution in sequence to obtain concentrated solution containing effective components of flowers; s5 purification: purifying the concentrated solution by using a ceramic membrane and macroporous adsorption resin to obtain a purified solution; s6 drying: drying the purified solution to obtain solid flower extract. The flower classification processing technology can realize personalized extraction, improves the extraction efficiency and the extraction quality, and has high economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of flower products, in particular to a flower classification processing technology and a flower product.
Background
Flowers are herbaceous plants with ornamental value, like yang and are cold-resistant, and have short branches with a reproduction function, and a plurality of varieties are provided. Typically, flowers, on a short axis of limited growth, bear calyx, petals and stamens and pistils that produce germ cells. The flower is composed of corolla, calyx, receptacle and stamen, and has various colors, various growth, and fragrance or no fragrance.
At present, the existing flower classification processing technology generally adopts the steps of water extraction, concentration and drying to prepare the flower classification processing technology, but the technology has various defects, such as low extraction efficiency, poor extraction quality, low yield, poor crystallization quality and the like, and becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present application provides a flower classification processing technology and a flower product, so as to solve the technical defects existing in the prior art.
The application provides a flower classification processing technology, which comprises the following steps:
and S1 picking: picking and obtaining flower raw materials;
classification of S2: collecting images of the flower raw materials, and determining the types of the flower raw materials through a flower classification model based on the images of the flower raw materials;
s3 extraction: based on the type of the flower raw material, immersing the flower raw material into a corresponding solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in the flower to obtain an extracting solution containing the effective components of the flower;
s4 concentration: sequentially heating and concentrating the extracting solution to obtain a concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
s5 purification: purifying the concentrated solution by using a ceramic membrane and macroporous adsorption resin to obtain a purified solution;
s6 drying: and drying the purified solution to obtain a solid flower extract.
Optionally, the S2 classification includes:
collecting the images of the flower raw materials, and inputting the images of the flower raw materials into a flower classification model;
the flower classification model extracts the features of the images of the flower raw materials to obtain characteristic information of the flower raw materials;
and matching the characteristic information of the flower raw materials with the pre-stored characteristic information of the flower types to determine the types of the flower raw materials.
Optionally, in the S3 extraction, the effective components of flowers include but are not limited to: sugars, proteins, vitamins;
optionally, the extractant comprises a mineral extractant;
the mineral substance extracting agent comprises mineral substances with a nanometer microsphere structure, and the mineral substances comprise one or more of montmorillonite, diatomite and sepiolite.
Optionally, the extractant further comprises an enzyme extractant comprising an alkaline protease.
Optionally, the S3 extracting includes:
determining the composition of the flower raw material based on the type of the flower raw material, and determining the extracting agent of the flower raw material based on the composition of the flower raw material;
immersing the flower raw materials into corresponding solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in the flowers, and obtaining extracting solution containing the effective components of the flowers.
Optionally, in the S3 extraction, the flower raw material is immersed in a solution containing an extractant, wherein the alkaline protease modifies and degrades the effective components in the flower, so as to promote the effective components in the flower to be adsorbed by the minerals with the nano microsphere structure in the mineral extractant, thereby extracting the effective components in the flower.
Optionally, in the S4 concentration, the extract is heated to 80-100 ℃ and kept for 1.5-3 hours to release the effective components of the flowers adsorbed by the minerals, and then concentrated by a reduced pressure concentration method to obtain a concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
the reduced pressure concentration method comprises the following steps: concentrating the extractive solution at 60-75 deg.C under vacuum degree of 0.075-0.085MPa until the relative density of the extractive solution reaches 1.1-1.15g/cm3And then filtering the mixture by a 300-mesh vibrating screen to obtain concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers.
Optionally, the S5 purifying comprises: filtering the concentrated solution by adopting a ceramic membrane, passing the obtained filtrate through macroporous adsorption resin at the flow rate of 1-3BV/h, eluting by respectively adopting water, 60-70% ethanol, 3-5% alkali solution, 8-10% acid solution and acetone, directly passing the eluent through the macroporous adsorption resin at the flow rate of 0.1-0.5BV/h, collecting the effluent liquid, and concentrating to obtain the purified solution.
Optionally, the S6 drying adopts a lyophilization method, which includes a pre-freezing process and a drying process;
the pre-freezing process comprises a temperature reduction process and a maintenance process, wherein the temperature reduction process is to reduce the temperature of the concentrated solution to a freezing point within 3 hours; the maintaining process is that the concentrated solution is maintained to be frozen at low temperature for 2 to 3 hours from the moment when the concentrated solution is reduced to be below the freezing point, and frozen matter of the concentrated solution extracted from the tea flowers is obtained; monitoring the central temperature of the concentrated solution in the process of the pre-freezing stage to obtain the temperature value of the eutectic point of the concentrated solution;
the drying process comprises the steps of firstly vacuumizing the frozen object obtained in the freezing step, and then heating and drying, wherein the heating process comprises low-temperature heating and high-temperature heating, and the low-temperature heating is to be maintained below the eutectic temperature of the frozen object so as to sublimate the moisture in the frozen object and obtain an anhydrous frozen object; the high temperature heating is to rapidly warm the anhydrous frozen product to room temperature and maintain the anhydrous frozen product until dried crystals of the tea flower extract, i.e. the tea flower extract in a solid state, are obtained.
Optionally, a filtering step is further included between the S3 extraction and the S4 concentration, the filtering step including: filtering the extractive solution containing effective components of tea flower with 70-90 mesh sieve tube or ceramic membrane.
Optionally, the floral material includes, but is not limited to: chrysanthemum, orchid, lotus, lily, plum blossom, acacia flower, rose, apricot flower, day lily, hop, yellow hollyhock, peony, pear flower, sunflower, impatiens balsamina, lemon flower, peach blossom, apricot flower, dandelion, rehmannia root, cockscomb flower, dendrobium flower, manila, azalea flower, morning glory flower, persimmon flower, caraway flower, globeflower, shrubalthea flower, lavender flower, mallow flower, geranium, calendula, night clove, iris, pearl flower, daisy, chloranthus, bitter orange, marigold flower, tuberose, bostemon, violet, broad leaved epiphylla, kalant, platycodon, aloe, fern, mint, spearmint, medlar, asparagus, bamboo shoot, hollyhock, balsamine, cocklebur flower, palm, cactus, shrubalthea, garland, sumac, lotus, broom cypress, lily, asparagus, lily, lilyturf root, lily flower, lilyturf root, lily flower, cactus, rubus corchorifolius, cornus officinalis, lycium barbarum, rosa roxburghii, hollyhock, hippophae rhamnoides, cockscomb, rosa chinensis, peony, crabapple, magnolia officinalis, common crabapple, cercis chinensis, forsythia suspensa, bellybutton's bell, clove, wisteria, azalea, pomegranate flower, michelia figo, michelia alba, jasmine, gardenia, sweet osmanthus flower, cotton rose hibiscus, wintersweet, salix alba, camellia, winter jasmine, sweet violet, sweet pea, summer lily, pink, lycoris, fulu, tuberose, gomphrena, jian orchid, lily, senna, vetch, narcissus quinata, small-leaved cymbidium, guayule, hand-Mazz, meadowrue, calendula, balsamia, impatiens balsamina, sainflower, calanthera, calanthema morinda, calanthera, calanthe, corn poppy and tea flower
The present application also provides a flower product comprising a flower extract obtained by the flower classification processing process as described in any one of the above paragraphs.
Optionally, the floral product comprises a solid or liquid food, drink, condiment, daily product, cosmetic, smoking article, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, feed, fertilizer.
Alternatively, the food product includes a food product, a starch product, a vegetable product, a fruit product, a meat product, a poultry product, an egg product, a dairy product, a candy, and the like; the beverage comprises water, milk, wine, beverage, etc., wherein the beverage comprises tea beverage, alcoholic beverage, carbonated beverage, etc.; the daily necessities comprise hand washing liquid, hand cream, face washing milk, body milk, perfumed soap, talcum powder, toothpaste, tooth powder, oral cavity cleanser, mouth wash, washing powder, laundry detergent, shampoo, hair conditioner, facial tissue, sanitary towel, paper diaper and the like; the cosmetics comprise astringent, lotion, facial mask, eye mask, hand mask, essential oil, cream, eye cream, acne removing liquid, makeup remover, etc.; the tobacco products comprise flue-cured tobacco, sun-cured tobacco, electronic cigarettes and the like; the flavoring agent comprises salty agent, sour agent, sweetener, flavoring agent, pungent agent, etc.; the health product comprises female health product, male health product, children health product, and senior health product; the medicine comprises Chinese medicinal materials, Chinese medicinal decoction pieces, Chinese patent medicine, Chinese and western patent medicine, chemical raw material medicine and preparation thereof, antibiotic, biochemical medicine, radiopharmaceutical, serum, vaccine, blood product, diagnostic medicine, etc.; the feed comprises coarse feed, green feed, silage, energy feed, protein supplement, mineral feed, vitamin feed, additives and the like; the fertilizer comprises quick-acting fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer, controlled-release fertilizer and the like.
The technical effects of this application do:
the application provides a flowers categorised processing technology classifies the flowers raw materials through flowers classification model, can be accurate and quick confirm the kind of flowers raw materials, adopts the solution that contains different extractant to extract the flowers raw materials again innovatively, takes different extraction measures to different kinds of flowers promptly, realizes the personalized extraction, improves extraction efficiency greatly and extracts the quality, and application range is wide, low cost, and economic benefits is high.
The extracting agent is preferably a mineral extracting agent, the mineral extracting agent can utilize the nano microsphere structure of minerals of the mineral extracting agent to absorb effective components of flowers in the extracting process, so that the effective components of the flowers are absorbed in the structure of the effective components of the flowers, and the absorbed effective components of the flowers are released through high-temperature heating and other modes after extraction is finished, so that the extraction efficiency and the quality of the effective components of the flowers are improved.
In addition, the extracting agent can also comprise an enzyme extracting agent, and the enzyme extracting agent and the mineral extracting agent supplement each other and are matched with each other, so that the extraction of the effective components of the flowers can be further promoted. Because some macromolecular components exist in flowers, the enzyme extractant can modify and degrade effective components in the flowers, such as protein, saccharides and the like, so that the adsorption of the macromolecular effective components by mineral substances containing a nano microsphere structure in the mineral substance extractant is promoted, and the macromolecular effective components are released into a solution through heating treatment, thereby further improving the extraction efficiency and the extraction quality of the effective components of the flowers.
The flower product provided by the application is rich in nutrition and extremely low in water content, and can meet the requirements of various aspects such as eating and drinking of different crowds in multiple age groups.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the flower classification processing process according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a flower product composition-efficacy resonance wave frequency detection of an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a flower product composition-functional resonance wave frequency detection according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of flower product composition-organ resonance wave frequency detection in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flower product composition-system resonance wave frequency detection diagram according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a resonance analysis detection of a tea polyphenol component in a flower product of an embodiment of the present application;
figure 7 is a resonance analysis detection view of other components in the floral product of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of specific embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings that are commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Also, the reagents, materials and procedures used herein are those that are widely used in the corresponding fields.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a flower classification processing process, as shown in fig. 1, including steps S1 to S6.
And S1 picking: and (4) picking to obtain the flower raw material.
Specifically, the floral material includes, but is not limited to: chrysanthemum, orchid, lotus, lily, plum blossom, acacia flower, rose, apricot flower, day lily, hop, yellow hollyhock, peony, pear flower, sunflower, impatiens balsamina, lemon flower, peach blossom, apricot flower, dandelion, rehmannia root, cockscomb flower, dendrobium flower, manila, azalea flower, morning glory flower, persimmon flower, caraway flower, globeflower, shrubalthea flower, lavender flower, mallow flower, geranium, calendula, night clove, iris, pearl flower, daisy, chloranthus, bitter orange, marigold flower, tuberose, bostemon, violet, broad leaved epiphylla, kalant, platycodon, aloe, fern, mint, spearmint, medlar, asparagus, bamboo shoot, hollyhock, balsamine, cocklebur flower, palm, cactus, shrubalthea, garland, sumac, lotus, broom cypress, lily, asparagus, lily, lilyturf root, lily flower, lilyturf root, lily flower, cactus, rubus corchorifolius, cornus officinalis, lycium barbarum, rosa roxburghii, hollyhock, hippophae rhamnoides, cockscomb, rosa chinensis, peony, crabapple, magnolia officinalis, common crabapple, cercis chinensis, forsythia suspensa, bellybutton's bell, clove, wisteria, azalea, pomegranate flower, michelia figo, michelia alba, jasmine, gardenia, sweet osmanthus flower, cotton rose hibiscus, wintersweet, salix alba, camellia, winter jasmine, sweet violet, sweet pea, summer lily, pink, lycoris, fulu, tuberose, gomphrena, jian orchid, lily, senna, vetch, narcissus quinata, small-leaved cymbidium, guayule, hand-Mazz, meadowrue, calendula, balsamia, impatiens balsamina, sainflower, calanthera, calanthema morinda, calanthera, calanthe, corn poppy and tea flowers.
Classification of S2: and acquiring the images of the flower raw materials, and determining the types of the flower raw materials through a flower classification model based on the images of the flower raw materials.
Specifically, the image of the flower raw material can be collected and input into a flower classification model; the flower classification model extracts the features of the images of the flower raw materials to obtain characteristic information of the flower raw materials; and matching the characteristic information of the flower raw materials with the pre-stored characteristic information of the flower types to determine the types of the flower raw materials.
The characteristic information of the flower raw material includes but is not limited to flower color, petal number, petal shape, filament shape, whether there is edge thorn, etc.
The flower classification model can be obtained by training, and the training method comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring a training sample and a sample label, wherein the training sample is a flower image to be identified, and the sample label is the accurate type of the flower image to be identified;
(2) performing feature extraction on the training sample through a flower classification model to obtain sample feature information (sample feature vector);
(3) matching the sample characteristic information with pre-stored flower type characteristic information (flower type characteristic vector), and determining the flower type of the training sample, namely a prediction result;
(4) calculating a loss value between the prediction result and the sample label through a loss function, performing secondary classification on the prediction result according to the loss value of the loss function, and performing iterative training and updating the flower classification model according to the result of the secondary classification.
In other words, whether the loss value is smaller than a preset threshold value or not is judged, if yes, the training is stopped, and if not, the parameters of the flower classification model are reversely adjusted based on the loss value, the flower classification model is updated, and the iterative training is continued.
The loss value of the loss function can represent the degree of similarity between the prediction result and the sample label, namely the accuracy of the model, the preset threshold can divide the optimal range of the degree of similarity between the prediction result and the sample label, the degree of similarity between the prediction result and the sample label is low under the condition that the loss value of the loss function is greater than the preset threshold, iterative training needs to be continued, and the degree of similarity between the prediction result and the sample label is highly similar under the condition that the loss value of the loss function is less than or equal to the preset threshold, so that the training can be ended.
S3 extraction: based on the type of the flower raw material, the flower raw material is immersed into a corresponding solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in the flowers, and an extracting solution containing the effective components of the flowers is obtained.
Wherein, the effective components of the flowers include but are not limited to: saccharides, proteins, vitamins. In addition, dry matter, total flavonoids, anthocyanidins, dietary fibers, and the like may also be included.
Preferably, the extractant comprises a mineral extractant; the mineral substance extracting agent comprises mineral substances with a nanometer microsphere structure, wherein the mineral substances comprise one or more of montmorillonite, diatomite and sepiolite.
In practical application, the mineral raw materials such as montmorillonite, diatomite, sepiolite and the like are ground, sieved and purified to obtain mineral raw material powder, and then the mineral raw material powder is dissolved in water, an inorganic solvent or an organic solvent to prepare the solution containing the mineral extracting agent. The ratio of the mineral raw material powder to water, inorganic solvent or organic solvent may be 10-30:70-90, that is, the mass portion of the mineral raw material powder may be 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, etc., the mass portion of water or organic solvent may be 70 parts, 75 parts, 80 parts, 85 parts, 90 parts, etc., the organic solvent may be ethanol, diethyl ether, isopropanol, N-dimethylacetamide, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, acetamide, etc., and the inorganic solvent may be acid solution, alkali solution, salt solution, etc., which is not limited in the present application.
The minerals such as montmorillonite, diatomite, sepiolite and the like selected in the embodiment have a nano microsphere structure with the diameter of 1-80 microns (such as 1 micron, 5 microns, 10 microns, 20 microns, 30 microns, 40 microns, 50 microns, 60 microns, 70 microns, 80 microns), a certain gap structure can be formed between adjacent nano microspheres, after the minerals are dissolved in water or an organic solvent, particularly after micro heating (40-60 ℃), the gap structure seen by the nano microspheres is slightly enlarged, effective components of flowers are adsorbed into the nano microspheres, and after high-temperature heating (80-100 ℃), the gap structure is continuously enlarged, and the adsorbed effective components of the flowers are released.
More preferably, the extractant further comprises an enzyme extractant. The enzyme extractant is preferably an alkaline protease. In this example, the alkaline protease may be Novo protease, Carsberg protease, etc., which is not limited in this application.
Preferably, the composition of the flower raw material may be determined based on the kind of the flower raw material, and the extractant of the flower raw material may be determined based on the composition of the flower raw material.
Specifically, the extractant corresponding to the flower material may be determined based on its protein content.
For example, if the protein content of the flower raw material is less than 5% (excluding 5%), the corresponding extractant preferably comprises 0.1-3 parts by weight (e.g. 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 parts by weight) of enzyme extractant and 97-99.9 parts by weight (e.g. 97, 97.5, 98, 98.5, 99, 99.5, 99.9 parts by weight) of mineral extractant;
if the protein content is between 5% and 10% (including 5%, excluding 10%), the corresponding extractant preferably comprises 4-6 parts by mass (such as 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6 parts by mass) of enzyme extractant and 94-96 parts by mass (such as 94, 94.5, 95, 95.5, 96 parts by mass) of mineral extractant;
if the protein content is between 10% and 15% (including 10%, excluding 15%), the corresponding extractant preferably comprises 7-9 parts by weight (such as 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9 parts by weight) of enzyme extractant and 91-93 parts by weight (such as 91, 91.5, 92, 92.5, 93 parts by weight) of mineral extractant;
if the protein content is between 15% and 20% (including 15%, excluding 20%), the corresponding extractant preferably comprises 10-15 parts by mass (such as 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 parts by mass) of enzyme extractant and 85-90 parts by mass (such as 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 parts by mass) of mineral extractant;
if the protein content is greater than 20%, the corresponding extractant preferably comprises 16-22 parts by weight (such as 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 parts by weight) of enzyme extractant and 78-84 parts by weight (such as 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 parts by weight) of mineral extractant.
Wherein, the enzyme extractant can be regarded as a degradation agent of the effective components of the flowers, and the mineral extractant can be regarded as an extraction carrier of the effective components of the flowers, and the enzyme extractant and the mineral extractant supplement each other and are matched with each other. Specifically, the enzyme extractant can modify and degrade macromolecular effective components such as protein in flowers, so that peptide chains of the macromolecular effective components are shortened, molecular weights of the macromolecular effective components are reduced, and other macromolecular effective components connected with the protein and the like can be degraded together, so that the effective components such as tea polyphenol, saccharides, tea protein, vitamins, caffeine and the like in the flowers are promoted to be smaller molecules, and the smaller molecules are more easily adsorbed by components such as montmorillonite, diatomite, sepiolite and the like containing a nano microsphere structure in the mineral substance extractant and then extracted.
Because the molecular weight of the protein is usually larger and is difficult to be absorbed by the mineral substance extractant, the content of the enzyme extractant is correspondingly increased under the condition of higher protein content in the flowers, which is beneficial to the full degradation and modification of the protein component by the enzyme extractant, further promotes the adsorption and extraction of the protein by the mineral substance extractant, improves the extraction efficiency, and vice versa.
Preferably, the flower material may be further subjected to a heating treatment and/or a ph adjustment treatment after being immersed in the extractant, to further enhance the degradation of the enzyme extractant and the adsorption of the mineral extractant. Wherein the heating treatment can be heating the extractant soaked in the flower material to 40-60 deg.C (such as 40 deg.C, 45 deg.C, 50 deg.C, 55 deg.C, 60 deg.C, etc.) for 1-2 hr; the pH value adjusting treatment may be performed by adding alkaline solution to adjust pH value of the extracting agent soaked in the flower material to be within 8-10 (such as 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, etc.).
S4 concentration: and sequentially heating and concentrating the extracting solution to obtain a concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers.
Specifically, the extract can be heated to 80-100 ℃ and kept for 1.5-3 hours to release the effective components of the flowers adsorbed by the minerals, and then concentrated to obtain the concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers. Wherein, the heating temperature of the extract can be 80 ℃, 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃ and the like, and the heating time can be 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h and the like, which is not limited in the application.
In practical application, the extract can be concentrated by vacuum concentration method to obtain the productThe concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers adopts a reduced pressure concentration method which comprises the following steps: concentrating the extractive solution at 60-75 deg.C under vacuum degree of 0.075-0.085MPa until the relative density of the extractive solution reaches 1.1-1.15g/cm3Filtering with 300 mesh vibrating screen to obtain concentrated solution containing effective components of flowers. In addition, other existing concentration methods can be adopted for concentration treatment, such as reverse osmosis concentration method and the like, which are not limited in the application and are not described herein again.
Further, a filtering step may be further included between the extraction at S3 and the concentration at S4, the filtering step preferably including: filtering the extractive solution containing effective components of tea flower with 70-90 mesh sieve tube or ceramic membrane. This filtration step enables the removal of macromolecular impurities from the liquid by filtration prior to concentration, thereby further improving the purity of the extract.
S5 purification: and purifying the concentrated solution by using a ceramic membrane and macroporous adsorption resin to obtain a purified solution.
Specifically, the concentrated solution can be filtered by adopting a ceramic membrane, the obtained filtrate passes through macroporous adsorption resin at the flow rate of 1-3BV/h, water, 60-70% ethanol, 3-5% alkali solution, 8-10% acid solution and acetone are respectively adopted for elution, the eluent directly passes through the macroporous adsorption resin at the flow rate of 0.1-0.5BV/h, the effluent liquid is collected, and the purified solution is obtained by concentration.
The ceramic membrane is densely distributed with micropores, the permeability is different according to the difference of the molecular diameters of substances permeating in a certain membrane aperture range, the pressure difference of two sides of the membrane is used as a driving force, the membrane is used as a filtering medium, and under the action of certain pressure, when concentrated solution flows through the surface of the membrane, only water, inorganic salt and small molecular substances are allowed to permeate through the membrane, and macromolecular substances such as suspended matters, glue, microorganisms and the like in water are prevented from passing through the membrane, so that the efficient and stable filtering and separating effect is achieved.
The macroporous adsorption resin is a macromolecular adsorption resin which does not contain exchange groups and has a macroporous structure, has a good macroporous net structure and a large specific surface area, can selectively adsorb organic matters in an aqueous solution through physics, and when the macroporous adsorption resin is eluted by water, 60-70% of ethanol, 3-5% of alkali solution, 8-10% of acid solution and acetone, effective components of protein, saccharides and the like in flowers flow out along with the macroporous adsorption resin, and then the purified solution is obtained by concentrating again.
It should be noted that, through this purification step, a substantial portion of the impurities in the concentrate can be filtered off, but some minerals may remain. However, even if a part of mineral residues still exist in the purified solution, the mineral extracting agent is not only non-toxic and harmless to human bodies, but also can provide abundant trace elements and increase the nutrient content of the flower extract.
S6 drying: and drying the purified solution to obtain a solid flower extract.
Specifically, the drying step preferably employs a lyophilization process, which includes a prefreezing process and a drying process.
The pre-freezing process comprises a temperature reduction process and a maintenance process, wherein the temperature reduction process is to reduce the temperature of the concentrated solution to a freezing point within 3 hours; the maintaining process is that the concentrated solution is maintained to be frozen at low temperature for 2 to 3 hours from the moment when the concentrated solution is reduced to the freezing point, and frozen matters of the concentrated solution of the flower extraction are obtained; and monitoring the central temperature of the concentrated solution in the process of the pre-freezing stage to obtain the temperature value of the eutectic point of the concentrated solution.
The drying process comprises the steps of firstly vacuumizing the frozen object obtained in the freezing step, and then heating and drying, wherein the heating process comprises low-temperature heating and high-temperature heating, and the low-temperature heating is to be maintained below the eutectic temperature of the frozen object so as to sublimate the moisture in the frozen object and obtain an anhydrous frozen object; the high-temperature heating is to rapidly warm the anhydrous frozen substance to room temperature and maintain the temperature until dried crystals of the flower extract, i.e., the flower extract in a solid state, are obtained.
In addition, the part of mineral substance extractant remained in the purified liquid can play a role in absorbing liquid heat, so that the crystallization of the purified liquid is promoted, the drying is accelerated, and the crystallization quality and the uniformity of crystals are improved.
In a word, the flower processing technology provided by the application innovatively adopts the extracting agent to extract the flower raw materials, can greatly improve the extraction efficiency and the extraction quality, increases the application range, and has good crystallization effect, low cost and high economic benefit.
Example 2
On the basis of example 1, this example carried out the measurement of the product component-efficacy resonance wave frequency of a flower product (tea flower product) containing the flower extract (tea flower extract) prepared by example 1, and the results are shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the high frequency resonance of the efficacy of the tea flower product occurs mainly in the three components of tea polyphenols, tea polysaccharides and tea proteins, and thus the main efficacy is determined by the wave frequencies of the three components. Meanwhile, tea saponin and caffeine play an important role in efficacy, so that the relationship between the 5 components and the efficacy is carefully and deeply analyzed.
As shown in fig. 3-5, fig. 3-5 are respectively resonance wave frequency diagrams of the components and functions, organs and systems of the tea flower product provided by this embodiment. The efficacy of the tea polyphenol, tea polysaccharide, tea protein, tea saponin and caffeine in the tea flower product can be seen.
The tea polyphenols can scavenge free radicals, resist oxidation, resist aging, improve cell activity, enhance cell repairing ability, resist mutation, tumor, immunity, radiation and allergy, protect heart, liver, spleen, gallbladder, prostate and testis, and protect circulation, microcirculation, lymph circulation, blood system, and blood vessel system.
The tea polysaccharide has effects of resisting oxidation, resisting tumor, enhancing immunity, protecting heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, and bladder, protecting gynecological nourishing function, and protecting circulatory system, coronary circulatory system, digestive system, endocrine system, and blood vessel.
The tea protein has effects of scavenging free radicals, resisting oxidation, improving cell activity, protecting radiation, protecting functions of brain, heart, lung, liver, stomach, small intestine, gallbladder, uterus, and mammary gland, and protecting cranial nerve, coronary circulation, digestive system, endocrine system, blood system, and vascular system.
The tea saponin has effects of improving cell activity, protecting stomach and large intestine, and protecting circulatory system, digestive system, blood vascular system, etc.
The caffeine can improve cell activity, enhance brain and heart-lung activity, enhance kidney, small intestine and prostate activity, activate cranial nerve, and accelerate microcirculation.
As shown in fig. 6, it can be seen from the results of the resonance analysis of the tea polyphenol components in the tea flower product that the contents of catechin EGCE, flavonol, anthocyanin, OPC, thearubigin and theabrownin in the tea polyphenol components of the product are very prominent, and these components have strong antioxidant function, functions of scavenging free radicals, regulating blood pressure, blood fat and blood sugar, protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems and relieving diabetes.
As shown in fig. 7, it can be seen from the results of the resonance analysis of the components of the tea flower product except for the tea polyphenol component that the contents of tea polysaccharide, theanine, SOD and CAT in the tea flower product provided in this example are all higher than the reference, so that the tea flower product exhibits excellent antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor, blood lipid regulating, blood sugar regulating, anti-thrombosis, cardiovascular function protecting and diabetes relieving functions. In addition, the product also has the effects of activating brain cells, improving memory and concentration, relieving pressure, and tranquilizing. And the content of the caffeine is obviously lower than that of the tea leaves, so the tea has no astringent taste, namely the mental state is improved without causing heart and brain pressure.
Therefore, the tea flower product provided by the embodiment can remove free radicals in vivo, and improve the antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-tumor capabilities; can enhance cell activity and repair ability, especially liver cell, and improve antivirus and immunity functions; can regulate blood lipid/blood sugar/blood pressure balance, and remove thrombi, uric acid and various toxin deposits; can protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular vessels, prevent coronary arteriosclerosis and cerebral infarction, and relieve and prevent diabetes; the brain nerve energy and feedback speed can be enhanced, the memory concentration can be enhanced, and the mental pressure can be relieved; can also repair damaged liver cells, protect liver, pancreas, intestine and stomach and promote digestion function.
Therefore, the flower product provided by the embodiment is rich in nutrition and extremely low in water content, and can meet the eating requirements of different crowds in multiple ages. The specific contents of other flower products can be found in the tea flower products, and are not described herein again.
Test example 1
Extraction: the method comprises the steps of obtaining flower raw materials, immersing the flower raw materials into a solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in flowers, and obtaining an extracting solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
concentration: sequentially heating and concentrating the extracting solution to obtain a concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
and (3) purification: purifying the concentrated solution by using a ceramic membrane and macroporous adsorption resin to obtain a purified solution;
and (3) drying: and drying the purified solution to obtain a solid flower extract.
The difference between the 5 groups is that the extractant used in test group 1 was water, the extractant used in test group 2 was pure mineral extractant, the extractant used in test group 3 was 99 parts mineral extractant +1 part enzyme extractant, the extractant used in test group 4 was 95 parts mineral extractant +5 parts enzyme extractant, and the extractant used in test group 5 was 88 parts mineral extractant +12 parts enzyme extractant.
The contents of the effective components of protein, vitamin C and glucose in the flower extracts of the control group and the test group were respectively detected, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 effective ingredient content table for each group
It is apparent from table 1 that the content of protein, vitamin C and glucose in the rose extract can be greatly increased by extracting the rose extract in the test group 4 with the mineral extractant and the enzyme extractant at a proper ratio, and the extraction efficiency is improved, while the content of protein, vitamin C and glucose in the rose extract is improved to a certain extent by adopting the pure mineral extractant or the enzyme extractant at a too high or too low ratio in the test groups 2, 3 and 5, but the effect is not as significant as that of the test group 3, while the content of protein, vitamin C and glucose in the rose extract is lower by only adopting water extraction in the test group 1.
Test example 2
Extraction: the method comprises the steps of obtaining flower raw materials, immersing the flower raw materials into a solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in flowers, and obtaining an extracting solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
concentration: sequentially heating and concentrating the extracting solution to obtain a concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
and (3) purification: purifying the concentrated solution by using a ceramic membrane and macroporous adsorption resin to obtain a purified solution;
and (3) drying: and drying the purified solution to obtain a solid flower extract.
The difference between the 5 groups is that the extractant used in test group 1 was water, the extractant used in test group 2 was pure mineral extractant, the extractant used in test group 3 was 96 parts mineral extractant +4 parts enzyme extractant, the extractant used in test group 4 was 92 parts mineral extractant +8 parts enzyme extractant, and the extractant used in test group 5 was 88 parts mineral extractant +12 parts enzyme extractant.
The contents of the effective components of protein, calcium and potassium in the flower extracts of the control group and the test group were respectively detected, wherein the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 effective ingredient content in each group
As is apparent from table 2, the test group 4 extracted with the mineral extractant and the enzyme extractant at a proper ratio can greatly increase the contents of protein, trace element calcium and trace element potassium in the chrysanthemum extract, and improve the extraction efficiency thereof, while the test group 2, the test group 3 and the test group 5 extracted with pure mineral extractant or enzyme extractant at a too high or too low ratio have certain improvement in the contents of protein, trace element calcium and trace element potassium in the chrysanthemum extract, but the effect is not as significant as that of the test group 3, while the test group 1 extracted with water only has lower contents of protein, trace element calcium and trace element potassium in the chrysanthemum extract.
The process provided by the application has the advantages that the mineral extractant and the enzyme extractant are matched with each other for extraction, so that the extraction efficiency is high, and the economic benefit is good.
In this document, "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships between relevant portions, and do not limit absolute positions of the relevant portions.
In this document, "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing one from another, and do not indicate the degree and order of importance, the premise that each other exists, and the like.
In this context, "equal", "same", etc. are not strictly mathematical and/or geometric limitations, but also include tolerances as would be understood by a person skilled in the art and allowed for manufacturing or use, etc.
Unless otherwise indicated, numerical ranges herein include not only the entire range within its two endpoints, but also several sub-ranges subsumed therein.
The preferred embodiments and examples of the present application have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the embodiments and examples described above, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A flower classification processing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and S1 picking: picking and obtaining flower raw materials;
classification of S2: collecting images of the flower raw materials, and determining the types of the flower raw materials through a flower classification model based on the images of the flower raw materials;
s3 extraction: based on the type of the flower raw material, immersing the flower raw material into a corresponding solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in the flower to obtain an extracting solution containing the effective components of the flower;
s4 concentration: sequentially heating and concentrating the extracting solution to obtain a concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
s5 purification: purifying the concentrated solution by using a ceramic membrane and macroporous adsorption resin to obtain a purified solution;
s6 drying: and drying the purified solution to obtain a solid flower extract.
2. A floral classification processing technique as claimed in claim 1, wherein said S2 classification comprises:
collecting the images of the flower raw materials, and inputting the images of the flower raw materials into a flower classification model;
the flower classification model extracts the features of the images of the flower raw materials to obtain characteristic information of the flower raw materials;
and matching the characteristic information of the flower raw materials with the pre-stored characteristic information of the flower types to determine the types of the flower raw materials.
3. A floral classification process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said S3 extraction, the floral active principles include, but are not limited to: sugars, proteins, vitamins;
preferably, the extractant comprises a mineral extractant;
the mineral substance extracting agent comprises mineral substances with a nanometer microsphere structure, and the mineral substances comprise one or more of montmorillonite, diatomite and sepiolite.
4. A floral classification process as claimed in claim 3, wherein said extractant further comprises an enzyme extractant comprising an alkaline protease;
preferably, the S3 extracting includes:
determining the composition of the flower raw material based on the type of the flower raw material, and determining the extracting agent of the flower raw material based on the composition of the flower raw material;
immersing the flower raw materials into corresponding solution containing an extracting agent to extract effective components in the flowers, and obtaining extracting solution containing the effective components of the flowers.
5. A flower sorting process according to claim 4, wherein in the S3 extraction, the flower raw material is immersed in a solution containing an extractant, wherein the alkaline protease modifies and degrades the effective components in the flowers, so as to promote the effective components in the flowers to be adsorbed by the minerals with the nano microsphere structure in the mineral extractant, thereby extracting the effective components in the flowers;
preferably, in the concentration of S4, the extract is heated to 80-100 ℃ and maintained for 1.5-3 hours to release the effective components of the flowers adsorbed by the minerals, and then concentrated by a reduced pressure concentration method to obtain a concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers;
the reduced pressure concentration method comprises the following steps: concentrating the extractive solution at 60-75 deg.C under vacuum degree of 0.075-0.085MPa until the relative density of the extractive solution reaches 1.1-1.15g/cm3And then filtering the mixture by a 300-mesh vibrating screen to obtain concentrated solution containing the effective components of the flowers.
6. A floral classification process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said S5 purification comprises: filtering the concentrated solution by adopting a ceramic membrane, passing the obtained filtrate through macroporous adsorption resin at the flow rate of 1-3BV/h, eluting by respectively adopting water, 60-70% ethanol, 3-5% alkali solution, 8-10% acid solution and acetone, directly passing the eluent through the macroporous adsorption resin at the flow rate of 0.1-0.5BV/h, collecting the effluent liquid, and concentrating to obtain the purified solution.
7. A flower sorting process according to claim 1, wherein the S6 drying is a freeze-drying method, the freeze-drying method comprising a pre-freezing process and a drying process;
the pre-freezing process comprises a temperature reduction process and a maintenance process, wherein the temperature reduction process is to reduce the temperature of the concentrated solution to a freezing point within 3 hours; the maintaining process is that the concentrated solution is maintained to be frozen at low temperature for 2 to 3 hours from the moment when the concentrated solution is reduced to be below the freezing point, and frozen matter of the concentrated solution extracted from the tea flowers is obtained; monitoring the central temperature of the concentrated solution in the process of the pre-freezing stage to obtain the temperature value of the eutectic point of the concentrated solution;
the drying process comprises the steps of firstly vacuumizing the frozen object obtained in the freezing step, and then heating and drying, wherein the heating process comprises low-temperature heating and high-temperature heating, and the low-temperature heating is to be maintained below the eutectic temperature of the frozen object so as to sublimate the moisture in the frozen object and obtain an anhydrous frozen object; the high temperature heating is to rapidly warm the anhydrous frozen product to room temperature and maintain the anhydrous frozen product until dried crystals of the tea flower extract, i.e. the tea flower extract in a solid state, are obtained.
8. A flower sorting process according to claim 1, further comprising a filtering step between the S3 extraction and the S4 concentration, the filtering step comprising: filtering the extractive solution containing effective components of tea flower with 70-90 mesh sieve tube or ceramic membrane.
9. A floral sorting process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said floral material comprises, but is not limited to:
chrysanthemum, orchid, lotus, lily, plum blossom, acacia flower, rose, apricot flower, day lily, hop, yellow hollyhock, peony, pear flower, sunflower, impatiens balsamina, lemon flower, peach blossom, apricot flower, dandelion, rehmannia root, cockscomb flower, dendrobium flower, manila, azalea flower, morning glory flower, persimmon flower, caraway flower, globeflower, shrubalthea flower, lavender flower, mallow flower, geranium, calendula, night clove, iris, pearl flower, daisy, chloranthus, bitter orange, marigold flower, tuberose, bostemon, violet, broad leaved epiphylla, kalant, platycodon, aloe, fern, mint, spearmint, medlar, asparagus, bamboo shoot, hollyhock, balsamine, cocklebur flower, palm, cactus, shrubalthea, garland, sumac, lotus, broom cypress, lily, asparagus, lily, lilyturf root, lily flower, lilyturf root, lily flower, cactus, rubus corchorifolius, cornus officinalis, lycium barbarum, rosa roxburghii, hollyhock, hippophae rhamnoides, cockscomb, rosa chinensis, peony, crabapple, magnolia officinalis, common crabapple, cercis chinensis, forsythia suspensa, bellybutton's bell, clove, wisteria, azalea, pomegranate flower, michelia figo, michelia alba, jasmine, gardenia, sweet osmanthus flower, cotton rose hibiscus, wintersweet, salix alba, camellia, winter jasmine, sweet violet, sweet pea, summer lily, pink, lycoris, fulu, tuberose, gomphrena, jian orchid, lily, senna, vetch, narcissus quinata, small-leaved cymbidium, guayule, hand-Mazz, meadowrue, calendula, balsamia, impatiens balsamina, sainflower, calanthera, calanthema morinda, calanthera, calanthe, corn poppy and tea flowers.
10. A flower product comprising a flower extract obtained by the flower classification processing process according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
preferably, the floral product comprises a solid or liquid food, drink, commodity, cosmetic, smoking article, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, feed, fertilizer.
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| PCT/CN2021/080357 WO2022151575A1 (en) | 2021-01-18 | 2021-03-12 | Flower classifying and processing process and flower product |
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| US20040248270A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2004-12-09 | Ryoichi Minoshima | Process for producing concentrated/purified protein using clay mineral composition |
| CN101002841A (en) * | 2006-12-27 | 2007-07-25 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | Effective components of rose, its preparing method and use |
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