CN112882113A - Coil structure of remote detection electromagnetic logging instrument for open hole well - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coil structure of a remote detection electromagnetic logging instrument for an open hole well, which is a three-coil system structure, wherein a short array and a long array are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the logging instrument; the short array and the long array share one transmitting coil; the short array comprises a short shielding coil and a short receiving coil; the long array includes long shield coils and long receive coils. The design of the receiving, transmitting and shielding coils avoids the influence of skin effect in the stratum, the coil system structure is divided into two groups of arrays according to the length of a source distance, each group of arrays gives specific coil shape, size, number of turns of the coils and position distribution of the coils in an instrument, and a basis is provided for the manufacture of the instrument.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the field of geophysical logging, and relates to a coil structure of a remote detection electromagnetic logging instrument for an open hole well.
[ background of the invention ]
Among the present far-detection technologies, acoustic far-detection technology has been proposed for 30 years, and commercial research has been carried out for over 10 years. The electromagnetic method-based remote detection technology is currently basically completed by an electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument while drilling.
The first azimuthal electromagnetic wave resistivity logging while drilling instrument, called Periscope, was introduced by schlumberger in 2005. The instrument provides four different transmit-receive spacings (96, 84, 34 and 22 inches) including a pair of receiver coils (R3, R4) inclined at 45 ° to the instrument axis at each end of the instrument and 6 transmitter coils (T1-T6) located in the middle of the receiver coils, one of the transmitter coils oriented transversely (T6) and the remaining transmitter coils oriented axially along the instrument. In addition, an additional pair of axial receiving coils is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the instrument. The instrument provides three different frequencies (100KHz, 400KHz and 2MHz), and the coil system is designed to make the detection depth larger, and can reach 17ft (5.1 m).
Haributton corporation introduced an ADR (electromagnetic resistivity logging tool) for azimuthal deep sounding while drilling in 2007, the ADR is based on the concept of a multi-frequency and multi-interval inclined coil, and comprises 6 non-inclined coaxial transmitting coils and three receiving coils with an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the inclined receiving coil closest to a drill bit is mainly used for directional geosteering. The transceiving distance is 16in (0.4065m) -112in (2.8448 m). The three working frequencies are respectively 2MHz, 500KHz and 125 KHz. The spring edge distance of the instrument can reach 18ft (5.4864 m).
The schlumberger company introduced Geosphere, an ultra-deep exploration while-drilling reservoir imaging tool, in 2015, and the technology was developed at the beginning to improve operator understanding of reservoirs several feet from the vicinity of the wellbore. The system uses a series of composite joints in a bottom hole assembly to perform real-time deep directional resistivity measurement, and compares the transmitted resistivity measurement results by using a specific real-time interpretation technology so as to map a plurality of reservoirs (the reservoir while-drilling mapping system tool consists of a transmitter and two receivers). Keeping a certain distance between the receivers extends the detected depth to a range of 100 feet (30 meters) away from the borehole, and the subsurface horizon characteristics and the contact range of the fluid in the reservoir are revealed on a real reservoir scale. However, the distance between the transmitting source and the receiving source is too long, and the problems of difficult signal synchronization and the like exist.
In 2015, great wall drilling engineering ltd of the china oil group publishes a developed orientation resistivity instrument while drilling, on the basis of a conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, an axial receiving antenna (Rz) and a transverse receiving antenna (Rx) are added to form a cross-linked antenna, the effect of the cross-linked antenna can be equivalent to that of an inclined antenna, different magnetic field components during T1 emission are measured, and formation orientation detection is realized. But the instrument is single-transmitting and single-receiving when measuring the stratum azimuth signal, and does not measure the emission compensation.
In 2016, Azimuthally Multiple Resistivity (AMR) while drilling was developed by middle petrochemical petroleum engineering ltd. Compared with a traditional electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, the AMR adds a transverse receiving antenna Rc, an axial transmitting antenna and the transverse receiving antenna are perpendicular to each other, and the AMR can measure zx or zy components by taking the axis of the instrument as a z axis.
At present, there is no standard definition for the detection depth of the electromagnetic wave far-detection while drilling instrument, and foreign service companies or instrument developers commonly use instruments to define the detection depth for the detection capability of the boundary caused by the change of the measurement signal, which is usually determined by the signal resolution and the noise level of the instrument circuit. Therefore, the boundary detection capability of the instrument mainly depends on the identification capability of the instrument on small signals and an actual stratum model under the condition of determining the working parameters of the instrument, and is obtained through numerical simulation. Based on the signal resolution capability of the current foreign instrument of 10nV, the AMR instrument has an interface detection depth of about 2.6m when the stratum resistivity contrast (R1: R2) is 1:20 under the working frequency of 2MHz, and the detection depth can reach 4m when the resistivity contrast (R1: R2) is 1: 200.
However, all the above-mentioned detection instruments are difficult to be applied to remote exploration research in open hole wells, and the research on the technical aspect is not reported.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a coil structure of a remote detection electromagnetic logging instrument for an open hole well, so as to solve the problem that the prior art is lack of remote edge detection research suitable for the open hole well.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a coil structure of a remote detection electromagnetic logging instrument for an open hole well is sequentially provided with a short array and a long array along the length direction of the logging instrument;
the short array and the long array share one transmitting coil, and the transmitting coil is arranged at the upper end part of the logging instrument;
the short array comprises a short shielding coil and a short receiving coil, and the short shielding coil is arranged between the transmitting coil and the short receiving coil;
the long array includes a long shield coil and a long receive coil, the long shield coil being disposed between the transmit coil and the long receive coil, the long shield coil being between the short receive coil and the long receive coil.
The invention is further improved in that:
preferably, the short array comprises 7 source ranges.
Preferably, the distance between the short receiving coil and the transmitting coil is 1-3 m.
Preferably, the distance between the long shielding coil and the transmitting coil is 5 m.
Preferably, the distance between the long receiving coil and the transmitting coil is 6.5-7.5 m.
Preferably, each coil comprises a respective x-direction coil and z-direction coil.
Preferably, the coils of the transmitting coil, the short shielding coil, the short receiving coil, the long shielding coil and the long receiving coil in the z direction are all circular.
Preferably, the coil radius in the z direction is 0.03 m.
Preferably, the coils of the transmitting coil, the short shielding coil, the short receiving coil, the long shielding coil and the long receiving coil in the x direction are all rectangular.
Preferably, in the x direction, the cross-sectional dimension of the transmitting coil is 0.6 × 0.04m, and the number of turns is 60; the cross-sectional dimension of the long receiving coil is 1.2 x 004m, and the number of turns is 160 turns; the cross-sectional dimension of the long shielding coil is 0.5 x 0.04m, and the number of turns is 150.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a coil structure of a remote detection electromagnetic logging instrument for an open hole well, which is a three-coil system structure, wherein a short array and a long array are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the logging instrument; the short array and the long array share one transmitting coil; the short array comprises a short shielding coil and a short receiving coil; the long array includes long shield coils and long receive coils. The design of the receiving, transmitting and shielding coils avoids the influence of skin effect in the stratum, the coil system structure is divided into two groups of arrays according to the length of a source distance, each group of arrays gives specific coil shape, size, number of turns of the coils and position distribution of the coils in an instrument, and a basis is provided for the manufacture of the instrument. The design of the long array and the short array ensures that the instrument not only ensures the resolution ratio of a near stratum, but also can obtain a far detection effect (30 m can be achieved on the premise of taking 20nV as a threshold value) when the instrument is used for far detection. The invention effectively improves the detection depth of electromagnetic far detection, can detect the geological interface intersected with the well, detect structures such as abnormal bodies and the like, and plays a role in geological guidance.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coil arrangement according to the present invention;
wherein, 1-a transmitting coil; 2-short shield coils; 3-short receive coil; 4-long shield coil; 5-long receive coil.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the ratio of real and imaginary conductivity to true resistivity as a function of induction number (defined below).
FIG. 3 is a graph of the zz normalized voltage measurement signal amplitude versus formation resistivity at different transmit-receive spacings and frequencies. Wherein, the coil receiving and sending distance is 5m in the figure (a); (b) the coil transmitting-receiving distance is 30 m.
FIG. 4 is a finite element simulation diagram in numerical simulation software (COMSOL) when the detection accuracy of the instrument under a uniform stratum is studied.
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the numerical solution obtained from the COMSOL simulation software and the analytical solution obtained from the MATLAB software in the instrument detection accuracy study.
FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of COMSOL simulation software when the instrument is used for boundary detection.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the change of the real part of the induced electromotive force with the change of the edge-detecting distance when the xx coil system of the instrument is used for boundary detection; xx direction voltage edge-detecting trend graph.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and encompass, for example, both fixed and removable connections; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In order to improve the electromagnetic far detection edge detection depth in the open hole well, the invention aims to provide a coil structure of a far detection electromagnetic logging instrument for the open hole well, which is designed with a coil system structure, the size of each coil, the number of turns and the transmitting frequency. And measuring formation information rich at different depths around the borehole, and increasing the edge-detecting distance of remote detection to more than 30m by taking 20nV as a measurement threshold.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, a teledetection instrument based on vertical zz, horizontal xx, and crossed xz coil systems. The coil system structure of the electromagnetic remote detection instrument for the open hole well comprises a long array and a short array, wherein the short array consists of 7 source distances at different positions, namely 0.15m, 0.3m, 0.4m, 0.6m, 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.3m, the long array consists of a long array with one source distance, the working frequency corresponding to each sub-array is different, and the long array consists of eight-emitting-eight-receiving-eight shielding coils in total, wherein the array parameters of B1-7 and R1-7 are the short array in the instrument, and the short array mainly detects the well circumference condition of a near zone in the remote detection process. The distance between the T-R8 and the T-B8 is about 6.5-7.5 m, the distance between the T-R8 and the T-B8 is about 5m, and the array is called as a far detection instrument in the instrument and mainly detects far-distance well side conditions. The conventional three-component logging instrument has shallow detection depth and is difficult to provide far stratum information around a well shaft, and the coil system far detection array T-B8-R8 designed by the invention has deeper detection depth and can make up the defect of shallow detection depth of the conventional three-component logging instrument.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the whole far-end detector is provided with a transmitting coil 1, which is a transmitting coil 1 shared by a long array and a short array; firstly, a short array is arranged along the length direction of the detector, the short array comprises 7 source distances B1-7 and R1-7, the instrument transceiving distance and the shielding emission distance of the short array are both 1-3m, and the corresponding working frequency is 26 KHz; the short array is provided with a short shielding coil 2 and a short connection take-up coil 3, the distance between the short connection take-up coil 3 and the transmitting coil 1 is 1-3m, and the short shielding coil 2 is arranged between the transmitting coil 1 and the short connection take-up coil 3. A long array is arranged behind the short array along the length direction of the detecting instrument and comprises a long shielding coil 4 and a long receiving coil 5, the long shielding coil 4 is arranged between the transmitting coil 1 and the long receiving coil 5, the distance between the transmitting coil 1 and the long shielding coil 4 is 5m, the distance between the transmitting coil 1 and the long receiving coil 5 is 6.5-7.5 m, and the corresponding working frequency is about 1 KHz.
The coils with x and z magnetic moment directions are arranged in the transmitting coil 1, the short shielding coil 2, the short connection take-up coil 3, the long shielding coil 4 and the long receiving coil 5, and the coil system designed by the invention has the function of collecting three voltage signal components of Vzz, Vxx and Vxz. Wherein, the short array and the long array are all transmitting coils, receiving coils and shielding coils along the Z direction of the well axis, the three types of coils are all round coils along the Z direction, and the radius of the coils is 0.03 m. The transmitting coil, the receiving coil and the shielding coil of the long array are rectangular coils in the x direction, the length and the width of the transmitting coil are 0.6 to 0.04m, and the number of turns is 60; the length and width of the receiving coil are 1.2 x 004m, and the number of turns is 160 turns; the length and width of the shielding coil are 0.5 × 0.04m, the number of turns is 150, and the current input of the whole instrument is 1A; the short array is provided with no coils in the x-direction. The x and z directions mentioned in the present invention are based on the instrument coordinate system, the z direction is the well axis and the downward direction, and the x direction is the direction perpendicular to the z axis in the plane formed by the z direction and the vertical downward direction.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the signal magnitude calculation principle of the receiving signals of the receiving coils on different components (zz, xx, xz) is as follows:
in homogeneous formations, the derivation is based on electromagnetic field theory:
(1) received voltage and apparent conductivity in xx double-coil systems
Apparent conductivity is calculated as
Wherein VxxmIs a direct coupled electromotive force
Taking the instrument constant
Then the complex form of the apparent conductivity is
(2) Receive voltage and apparent conductivity in a zz twin coil system
Similar to the case of the formula (2),
therefore, it is not only easy to use
(3) zx double-coil system cross component receiving voltage
In the formulae (1) to (7), i is an imaginary unit, NTZ、NRZDenotes the number of turns of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil in the z-direction, ATZ、ARZRepresenting the area of the transmitting and receiving coils in the z-direction, L being the transmitting coil andthe spacing between the receive coils; k is the wave number, k2＝ω2μ (e + i σ/ω), e formation permittivity, σ formation conductivity, ω is angular frequency, ω is 2 π f, f is emission frequency, and μ is formation permeability.
According to the basic theory of induction logging, the total voltage V generated by the 3-coil array subarray on the receiving coil is
V＝VT1R+VT2R (8)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coil arrangement according to the present invention.
In electromagnetic wave propagation, the skin effect determines the depth of the electromagnetic wave into the formation. In a uniform stratum, the electromagnetic wave propagation distance is described as the skin depth
In the formula: angular frequency ω 2 pi f; in non-magnetic strata, the permeability mu is mu0＝4π×10-7(ii) a σ is the conductivity of the formation. In induction logging for detecting oil and gas, the measurement signals (apparent conductivity) of the double-coil system induction logging are as follows:
in the formula: l is the distance of the transmitting and receiving coil, and k is the complex wave number. The equation (10) is unfolded, and the real part and the imaginary part are separated to obtain
ω μ in the formulae (11) and (12) is replaced by δ to obtain
Expanding the formulas (13) and (14) into
Power series form of (1):
equations (15) and (16) show that the apparent conductivity to formation conductivity ratio is only
As a function of (a) or (b),
defined as the induction number.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the ratio of real and imaginary conductivity to true conductivity as a function of the inductance. From fig. 2, the magnitude of the induction number determines the degree of deviation of the measured signal from the true conductivity of the formation. When the induction number is far less than 1, the real part of the apparent conductivity is approximately equal to the real formation conductivity, and the imaginary part is small and can be ignored. When the induction number is far larger than 1, the real part and the imaginary part of the apparent conductivity are small, and the measurement cannot be carried out. The induction number is in a certain range, and real part signals and imaginary part signals can be measured simultaneously. If the ratio of apparent conductivity to true conductivity (ordinate) 0.1 is taken as the minimum measurement signal, then the corresponding range of inductions when measuring both real and imaginary parts (or measuring amplitude and phase difference) is (0.17, 2.12). Equations (15), (16) and the corresponding FIG. 2 indicate that: when the ratio of the left end of the equation is 1, the conductivity measurement value is equal to the formation conductivity true value, and the ratio of the conductivity measurement value to the formation conductivity true value is gradually reduced along with the increase of the induction number, so that the reason for the error of the conductivity measurement value and the true value is the skin effect in the induction logging. Therefore, the skin effect of induction logging depends on the magnitude of the induction number.
FIG. 3 is a zz normalized voltage measurement signal amplitude versus formation resistivity at different transmit and receive spacings and frequencies. The invention determines the corresponding measuring frequency ranges of different coil distances and different stratum conductivities in the z direction: when the resistivity measurement range is 0.1-1000 omega.m, the selectable frequency is as follows corresponding to a double-coil system with the spacing of 5 m: 4KHz and 256 KHz. When the spacing is 30m, the low frequency is less than 250Hz, and the high frequency can be selected to be 16 KHz.
FIG. 4 is a finite element simulation diagram in numerical simulation software (COMSOL) when the detection accuracy of the instrument under a uniform stratum is studied. The position of the tool in the formation and the tool placement are shown.
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of a numerical solution obtained in COMSOL simulation software and an analytical solution obtained in MATLAB software in an instrument detection precision study, and can be obtained from the graphs: when the background conductivity is less than or equal to 1S/m, the error ratio of the background conductivity to the background conductivity is less than 1.5 percent, and the error requirement of a normal instrument is met.
FIG. 6 is a simulation diagram of COMSOL simulation software when the apparatus is used for boundary detection. The instrument is horizontally placed in the upper and lower strata with different conductivities, the position of the instrument in the space is changed (the instrument is kept horizontal), and the response change obtained by the instrument is calculated.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the change of the real part of the induced electromotive force with the change of the edge detection distance when the xx coil system of the instrument is used for boundary detection. From the figure, it can be seen that: along with the change of the edge-probing distance, the real part of the induced electromotive force changes monotonically, and when the minimum measurement voltage is greater than 20nV, the edge-probing distance reaches 30 m.
(1) When the zz coil system is used for remote detection, a plurality of frequencies are selected to cover a wide resistivity measuring range at a given interval when the induction number is in a range of 0.17-2.12 and the resistivity measuring range is 0.1-1000 omega. When the spacing is 30m, the low frequency is less than 250Hz, and the high frequency is 16 KHz. The zz component is intended to probe far boundaries and its transmit-receive spacing is also increased.
(2) When using the xx and xz coil systems for far detection, short coil spacings can achieve formation boundary detection beyond 30m, but the skin effect is more severe than for the zz coil system. When the coil spacing is more than 3m, the formation conductivity is more than 0.1S/m (the resistivity is less than 10 omega. m), the working frequency of the xx coil system is required to be less than 16KHz, and the working frequency of the xz coil system is less than 1 KHz.
(3) When the frequency is 1KHz and the engineering design is carried out on a 30m far detection instrument, the long-distance coil system and the short-distance coil system can be designed to form abnormal body and boundary detection in different ranges. The transmitting-receiving distance of the long array is selected to be 4-7 m. The short distance is 1-3 m.
(4) The final set of coil system parameters is obtained by combining numerical simulation and actual engineering realization, and under the design of the coil system, the boundary detection distance of 30m can be reached under the condition of taking 20nV as a threshold value.
The invention provides a set of coil system parameters of an electromagnetic remote detection logging instrument in an open hole well, which comprise the coil shapes, sizes, positions and turns of a transmitting coil, a shielding coil and a receiving coil in the x direction and the z direction, and the size of transmitting frequency is determined.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A coil structure of a remote detection electromagnetic logging instrument for an open hole well is characterized in that a short array and a long array are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the logging instrument;
the short array and the long array share one transmitting coil (1), and the transmitting coil (1) is arranged at the upper end part of the logging instrument;
the short array comprises a short shielding coil (2) and a short receiving coil (3), and the short shielding coil (2) is arranged between the transmitting coil (1) and the short circuit receiving coil (3);
the long array comprises a long shielding coil (4) and a long receiving coil (5), the long shielding coil (4) is arranged between the transmitting coil (1) and the long receiving coil (5), and the long shielding coil (4) is arranged between the short receiving coil (3) and the long receiving coil (5).
2. The coil structure of a remote sensing electromagnetic logging instrument for an open hole well according to claim 1, wherein the short array comprises 7 source ranges.
3. A coil structure for a remote sensing electromagnetic logging instrument for open hole wells according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the short receiver coil (3) and the transmitter coil (1) is 1-3 m.
4. A coil structure for a remote sensing electromagnetic logging instrument for open hole wells according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the long shield coil (4) and the transmitter coil (1) is 5 m.
5. A coil structure for a remote sensing electromagnetic logging tool for open hole wells according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the long receiving coil (5) and the transmitting coil (1) is 6.5-7.5 m.
6. The coil structure of a remote sensing electromagnetic logging tool for an open hole well according to claim 1, wherein each coil comprises a respective x-direction coil and z-direction coil.
7. The coil structure of the electromagnetic logging instrument for remote detection of open hole wells according to claim 6, wherein the coils of the transmitting coil (1), the short shielding coil (2), the short connection receiving coil (3), the long shielding coil (4) and the long receiving coil (5) in the z direction are all circular.
8. The coil structure of claim 7, wherein the z-direction coil radius is 0.03 m.
9. The coil structure of the electromagnetic logging instrument for remote detection of open hole wells according to claim 6, wherein the coils of the transmitting coil (1), the short shielding coil (2), the short connection receiving coil (3), the long shielding coil (4) and the long receiving coil (5) in the x direction are rectangular.
10. The coil structure of a remote sensing electromagnetic logging tool for open hole wells according to claim 9, wherein the transmitter coil (1) has a cross-sectional dimension of 0.6 x 0.04m and 60 turns in the x-direction; the cross-sectional dimension of the long receiving coil (5) is 1.2 x 004m, and the number of turns is 160 turns; the cross-sectional dimension of the long shielding coil (4) is 0.5 x 0.04m, and the number of turns is 150.
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| CN115437022A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12-06 | 中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司 | High-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, design method and combination |
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