CN106089194B - Apparatus and method for formation interface measurement while drilling using azimuthal resistivity - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for formation interface measurement while drilling using azimuthal resistivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106089194B CN106089194B CN201610703861.5A CN201610703861A CN106089194B CN 106089194 B CN106089194 B CN 106089194B CN 201610703861 A CN201610703861 A CN 201610703861A CN 106089194 B CN106089194 B CN 106089194B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/09—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes
- E21B47/092—Locating or determining the position of objects in boreholes or wells, e.g. the position of an extending arm; Identifying the free or blocked portions of pipes by detecting magnetic anomalies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring a stratum interface by utilizing azimuth resistivity while drilling, wherein the device is provided with a non-magnetic drill collar which is used as a carrier of the whole device and is provided with a compensating resistivity measuring point; a circuit unit mounted inside the non-magnetic drill collar; the antennas and the antenna tuning units corresponding to the antennas are respectively arranged on the outer circular surface of the non-magnetic drill collar and are connected with the circuit unit. The invention comprises conventional resistivity measurement and azimuth resistivity measurement, utilizes azimuth resistivity measurement to analyze and calculate the distance between the device and the stratum interface, provides valuable real-time geological data for drilling, and achieves the purpose of optimizing drilling quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring a stratum interface by using azimuth resistivity while drilling, which are used for geological exploration in petroleum exploration drilling engineering.
Background
In drilling engineering, drilling workers and geology engineers need to know the working conditions of downhole tools, the morphology of wellbore tracks, and the formation and downhole environmental parameters at any time, and real-time geosteering is very important for oil and gas exploration. The purpose of geosteering is to keep the drill bit traveling as far as possible in the reservoir, which requires real-time knowledge of the distance of the bottom hole assembly from the formation interface.
Conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity tools utilize a longitudinal coil system disposed axially along the tool (i.e., the magnetic dipole direction of the coil is coaxial with the tool) to measure formation resistivity. The measurement is basically the overall effect of the formation resistivity around the circumference of the well, and is insensitive to azimuthal variations in formation resistivity. More importantly, conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity makes it difficult to determine the distance of a highly sloped or horizontal borehole from the upper and lower surrounding rock boundaries, especially where it is difficult to determine direction. Limitations of conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity tools indicate that they do not meet the need for accurate geosteering and formation evaluation.
The azimuth electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument while drilling has the measurement functions of conventional electromagnetic wave resistivity and azimuth resistivity, so that the characteristics of stratum dip angle and resistivity can be obtained. Fig. 3 illustrates a section of a truncated formation consisting of an upper surrounding rock layer, a lower surrounding rock layer, and an oil layer. The resistivity difference between the reservoir and the surrounding formation can be easily distinguished in general by compensating the resistivity with conventional electromagnetic waves. However, since the lateral measurement depth of conventional electromagnetic wave compensation resistivity is very small, the downhole drilling tool trajectory in this simplified model shows that the resistivity measurement changes only when the drill bit passes out of the oil layer into the upper surrounding rock layer. The azimuth resistivity device can measure the distance between the drilling tool and the stratum interface in real time, the drilling tool is measured to be closer to the lower interface when the drilling tool is at the point A in the model, and the drilling tool is measured to be closer to the upper interface when the drilling tool is at the point B in the model, so that the downward inclination of an oil layer is judged, and accordingly, the downward inclination of a drilling track can be adjusted in advance to prevent the drilling tool from penetrating out of the oil layer.
The azimuth resistivity while drilling stratum interface is more beneficial to accurate geosteering in the drilling process, and has important effects on improving oil and gas recovery efficiency, reducing operation cost and risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring a stratum interface by using azimuth resistivity while drilling, which comprise conventional resistivity measurement and azimuth resistivity measurement, and the distance from the device to the stratum interface is analyzed and calculated by using the azimuth resistivity measurement, so that precious real-time geological data is provided for drilling, and the purpose of optimizing drilling quality is achieved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an apparatus for testing a formation interface while drilling using azimuthal resistivity, comprising:
the non-magnetic drill collar is used as a carrier of the whole device and is provided with a compensation resistivity measuring point;
a circuit unit mounted inside the non-magnetic drill collar;
the antennas and the antenna tuning units corresponding to the antennas are respectively arranged on the outer circular surface of the non-magnetic drill collar and are connected with the circuit unit.
An antenna tuning unit is arranged beside each antenna, and a plurality of antennas are respectively a first antenna, a second antenna, a third antenna, a fourth antenna, a fifth antenna, a sixth antenna and a seventh antenna.
The first antenna, the second antenna, the sixth antenna and the seventh antenna are transmitting antennas, and the third antenna, the fourth antenna and the fifth antenna are receiving antennas.
The fifth antenna consists of a pair of coils symmetrically arranged on two sides of the central axis of the non-magnetic drill collar, the core parts of the pair of coils are respectively provided with a plurality of magnetic core rods, the outer sides of the coils are provided with antenna covers, the antenna covers are provided with slotted holes, and the slotted holes correspond to the positions of the magnetic core rods one by one.
The first antenna and the seventh antenna, the second antenna and the sixth antenna, and the third antenna and the fourth antenna are respectively symmetrical about compensation resistivity measuring points;
the fifth antenna is positioned at the symmetrical center of the second antenna and the seventh antenna.
A method for measuring a formation interface while drilling using azimuthal resistivity, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring the formation resistivity R at a compensation resistivity measuring point;
s2, the circuit unit excites the second antenna and the seventh antenna, and the excitation directions of the second antenna and the seventh antenna are consistent;
s3, the fifth antenna senses an excitation signal sent by the second antenna, and the sensing strength is AS1; the fifth antenna senses the excitation signal of the seventh antenna, the sensing strength is AS2, and the compensated sensing strength AS= | (AS 1-AS 2)/2| is calculated;
and S4, searching a stratum model drawing board according to the stratum resistivity R and the induction intensity AS to obtain the distance between the device and the detection interface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the tuning units of the antennas are very close to the corresponding antennas, the installation is simpler, the connecting wires between the tuning units of the antennas are short, the tuning units of the antennas are easier to adjust to required parameters, and the tuning units of the antennas are more beneficial to reducing interference and improving temperature stability.
2. The fifth antenna only receives electromagnetic wave rays within a certain included angle range with the central axis of the antenna, so that the fifth antenna has strong directivity, and the detection depth is several times of the detection depth of the conventional resistivity.
3. The first antenna and the seventh antenna, the second antenna and the sixth antenna, and the third antenna and the fourth antenna are respectively symmetrical about the compensation resistivity measuring point; the fifth antenna is positioned at the symmetrical center of the second antenna and the seventh antenna, so that the functions of the second antenna and the seventh antenna are multiplexed, and the functions of four-transmission double-reception compensation resistivity and double-transmission single-reception compensation azimuth resistivity are realized by fewer antennas.
4. The characteristics of the antenna group are skillfully utilized, and the obtained azimuth resistivity induction value is compensated, so that the method is more accurate; the method combining measured, theoretical and empirical data is more efficient and accurate, so that accurate geosteering in the drilling process is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for measuring formation interface while drilling by using azimuthal resistivity according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an azimuth antenna;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the effect of azimuthal resistivity while drilling formation testing interface in the background;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method of azimuthal resistivity while drilling formation testing interface;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of azimuthal antenna response for different distances of the device from the formation interface;
FIG. 6 is a stratigraphic model drawing of a computing device at a distance from a stratigraphic interface.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described by the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for measuring a formation interface while drilling using azimuthal resistivity, comprising: the non-magnetic drill collar 1 is used as a carrier of the whole device and is provided with a compensation resistivity measuring point 11; a circuit unit 2 mounted inside the non-magnetic drill collar 1; the antennas and the antenna tuning units 4 corresponding to the antennas are respectively arranged on the outer circular surface of the non-magnetic drill collar 1 and are connected with the circuit unit 2, the function of the circuit unit 2 is to control the emission and the reception of the antennas, analyze and calculate, and the function of the antenna tuning unit 4 is to respectively compensate according to the electrical characteristics of each antenna, so that the antenna performance meets the design requirement.
An antenna tuning unit 4 is arranged beside each antenna, and a plurality of the antennas are respectively a first antenna 3, a second antenna 5, a third antenna 6, a fourth antenna 7, a fifth antenna 8, a sixth antenna 9 and a seventh antenna 10.
Wherein the compensation resistivity measurement point 11 is a virtual instrument measurement point 38.5 inches from the first antenna 3 and the seventh antenna 10, 17.5 inches from the second antenna 5 and the sixth antenna 9, 3.5 inches from the third antenna 6 and the fourth antenna 7, and 10.5 inches from the fifth antenna. The second antenna 5 and the seventh antenna 10 are each 28 inches from the fifth antenna 8.
The first antenna 3, the second antenna 5, the sixth antenna 9 and the seventh antenna 10 are transmitting antennas, the third antenna, the fourth antenna and the fifth antenna are receiving antennas, the third antenna and the fourth antenna are non-directional receiving antennas, and the fifth antenna is a direction-sensitive receiving antenna.
Referring to fig. 4, the TX2 image and the TX4 image are virtual antennas and symmetrical to the second antenna 5 and the seventh antenna 10, respectively, with respect to the formation interface. During a certain period of time, the second antenna 5 and the seventh antenna 10 excite the electromagnetic waves with vectors to the right, and the electromagnetic waves are reflected by the formation interface and are sensed by the fifth antenna 8, and the induction intensity corresponds to that of the excitation electromagnetic waves emitted from the TX2 mirror image and the TX4 mirror image.
Referring to fig. 5, if the fifth antenna 8 senses the intensity AS1 when the second antenna 5 is excited and the fifth antenna senses the intensity AS2 when the seventh antenna is excited, the absolute values of AS1 and AS2 should be equal and opposite in phase theoretically, and the sensing intensity is smaller AS the device is farther from the stratum interface.
AS1 and AS2 may deviate in absolute value due to errors in the manufacturing of the instrument. To compensate for the removal error, the compensated value AS is obtained by inverting the phase of AS2 and averaging with AS1, i.e., as= | (AS 1-AS 2)/2|.
Referring to fig. 6, a stratigraphic model plate is formed from a series of theoretical and empirical data, and is searched for a distance of the device from the detection interface based on the resistivity R and the induction intensity AS of the formation.
In addition, the mutual mirror orientation of AS1 and AS2 may eliminate the effect of formation resistivity anisotropy on azimuthal resistivity measurements, thereby highlighting the response of the formation boundary.
As shown in fig. 2, the fifth antenna is composed of a pair of coils (201, 204) symmetrically arranged on two sides of a central axis of the non-magnetic drill collar, wherein a plurality of magnetic core rods 203 are respectively arranged on the core parts of the pair of coils, an antenna cover 205 is arranged on the outer side of the coil 203, slotted holes are formed in the antenna cover, and the slotted holes correspond to the positions of the magnetic core rods 203 one by one.
The first antenna 3 and the seventh antenna 10, the second antenna 5 and the sixth antenna 9, and the third antenna 6 and the fourth antenna 7 are respectively symmetrical about the compensation resistivity measuring point 11 to form four-transmission double-reception compensation normal resistivity, and the formation resistivity R is measured;
the fifth antenna 8 is located at the symmetry center of the second antenna 5 and the seventh antenna 10, and forms a dual-transmitting-receiving compensation azimuth resistivity.
A method of using azimuthal resistivity while drilling to measure a formation interface, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, measuring the formation resistivity R at a compensation resistivity measuring point by a conventional method;
s2, the circuit unit excites the second antenna 5 and the seventh antenna 10, and the excitation directions of the second antenna 5 and the seventh antenna 10 are consistent;
s3, the fifth antenna 8 senses an excitation signal sent by the second antenna 5, and the sensing strength is AS1; the fifth antenna 8 senses the excitation signal of the seventh antenna 10, the sensing strength is AS2, and the compensated sensing strength AS= | (AS 1-AS 2)/2| is calculated;
and S4, searching a stratum model drawing board according to the stratum resistivity R and the induction intensity AS to obtain the distance between the device and the detection interface.
In summary, the device for measuring the stratum interface by using the azimuth resistivity while drilling comprises conventional resistivity measurement and azimuth resistivity measurement, and the distance from the device to the stratum interface is analyzed and calculated by using the azimuth resistivity measurement, so that precious real-time geological data is provided for drilling, and the purpose of optimizing drilling quality is achieved.
While the present invention has been described in detail through the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment, it should be understood that the foregoing description is not to be considered as limiting the invention. Many modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method of using an apparatus for azimuthal resistivity while drilling to measure a formation interface, the apparatus comprising: the non-magnetic drill collar is used as a carrier of the whole device and is provided with a compensation resistivity measuring point; a circuit unit mounted inside the non-magnetic drill collar; the antennas and the antenna tuning units corresponding to the antennas are respectively arranged on the outer circular surface of the non-magnetic drill collar and are connected with the circuit unit;
an antenna tuning unit is arranged beside each antenna, and a plurality of antennas are respectively a first antenna, a second antenna, a third antenna, a fourth antenna, a fifth antenna, a sixth antenna and a seventh antenna; the first antenna, the second antenna, the sixth antenna and the seventh antenna are transmitting antennas, and the third antenna, the fourth antenna and the fifth antenna are receiving antennas;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring the formation resistivity R at a compensation resistivity measuring point;
s2, the circuit unit excites the second antenna and the seventh antenna, and the excitation directions of the second antenna and the seventh antenna are consistent;
s3, the fifth antenna senses an excitation signal sent by the second antenna, and the sensing strength is AS1; the fifth antenna senses the excitation signal of the seventh antenna, the sensing strength is AS2, and the compensated sensing strength AS= | (AS 1-AS 2)/2| is calculated;
and S4, searching a stratum model drawing board according to the stratum resistivity R and the induction intensity AS to obtain the distance between the device and the detection interface.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fifth antenna is composed of a pair of coils symmetrically arranged on two sides of a central axis of the non-magnetic drill collar, the cores of the pair of coils are respectively provided with a plurality of magnetic core rods, the outer sides of the coils are provided with antenna covers, and the antenna covers are provided with slots, and the slots correspond to the positions of the magnetic core rods one by one.
3. The method of using the apparatus for azimuthal resistivity while drilling formation boundary as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first antenna and the seventh antenna, the second antenna and the sixth antenna, and the third antenna and the fourth antenna are symmetrical about compensating resistivity measurements points, respectively;
the fifth antenna is positioned at the symmetrical center of the second antenna and the seventh antenna.
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| CN201610703861.5A CN106089194B (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2016-08-22 | Apparatus and method for formation interface measurement while drilling using azimuthal resistivity |
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| CN106089194B true CN106089194B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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| CN108019207A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-05-11 | 北京六合伟业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of measuring method of SYMMETRIC ELECTROMAGNETIC ripple resistivity |
| CN108756864B (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2021-08-27 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Azimuthal electromagnetic wave resistivity imaging logging-while-drilling instrument |
| CN112993522B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2023-09-15 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Laminated azimuth electromagnetic wave horizontal antenna device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115579621B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-03-10 | 中海油田服务股份有限公司 | Antenna structure and electromagnetic wave probe device |
| CN117231212B (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-02-13 | 齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院) | Direction-while-drilling electromagnetic wave logging instrument and magnetic field direction adjusting method |
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| US7990153B2 (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2011-08-02 | Smith International, Inc. | Compensated directional resistivity measurements |
| CN102966348A (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-13 | 王�忠 | Device and method for measurement while drilling of direction resistivity by using non-full circle antennas |
| CA2915348C (en) * | 2013-06-12 | 2023-05-02 | Well Resolutions Technology | Apparatus and methods for making azimuthal resistivity measurements |
| CN104074513B (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 | Logging instrument resistivity image measuring device |
| CN205895228U (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-18 | 上海神开石油设备有限公司 | Utilize device of position resistivity along with probing geodetic bed boundary |
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Effective date of registration: 20221111 Address after: 201114, Shanghai, Minhang District Pu Xing Road No. 1769 Applicant after: SHANGHAI SHENKAI PETROLEUM AND CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT CO.,LTD. Applicant after: SHANGHAI SHENKAI PETROLEUM EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: SHANGHAI SK PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT Corp.,Ltd. Applicant after: Shanghai Shenkai Petrochemical Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201114, Shanghai, Minhang District Pu Xing Road No. 1769 Applicant before: SHANGHAI SHENKAI PETROLEUM EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: Shanghai Shenkai Petrochemical Equipment Co.,Ltd. |
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