CN115437022A - High-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, design method and combination - Google Patents

High-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, design method and combination Download PDF

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CN115437022A
CN115437022A CN202211402265.5A CN202211402265A CN115437022A CN 115437022 A CN115437022 A CN 115437022A CN 202211402265 A CN202211402265 A CN 202211402265A CN 115437022 A CN115437022 A CN 115437022A
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coil
electromagnetic wave
wave array
orthogonal electromagnetic
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CN115437022B (en
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陈刚
李泉新
陈龙
张冀冠
褚志伟
杨冬冬
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CCTEG Xian Research Institute Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
    • G01V3/26—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
    • G01V3/28—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device using induction coils
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30—Circuit design
    • G06F30/39—Circuit design at the physical level
    • G06F30/392—Floor-planning or layout, e.g. partitioning or placement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/06—Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA]

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, a design method and a combination, comprising a drill collar arranged in a high-resistance coal bed, wherein the drill collar is internally provided with the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system; the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system comprises a transmitting coil unit, a receiving coil unit and a compensating coil unit which are arranged in a space orthogonal coordinate system; the space rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the central point of the drill collar as an original point, the central axis of the drill collar as a Y axis, the horizontal direction vertical to the Y axis as an X axis and the vertical direction vertical to the Y axis as a Z axis. The invention also discloses a design method of the high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system and a high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system combination, and the anti-interference performance of the response of the detection signal is enhanced by the arranged compensation coil. The method can obtain the optimal layout parameters of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system of the high-resistance coal bed, and provides an accurate method for designing the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system of the high-resistance coal bed.

Description

High-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, design method and combination
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal and coalbed methane mining detection, and particularly relates to a high-resistance coalbed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, a design method and a combination.
Background
The range and the detection depth of the resistivity measured by the electromagnetic wave-while-drilling instrument are related to the selection of parameters such as the transmitting frequency, the source distance, the receiving coil distance and the like of the coil system. Because the underground working environment of a coal mine is severe, various ultrahigh-power electromagnetic equipment and strong vibration interference factors exist, and the detection requirement cannot be met by using the glass fiber reinforced plastic drill collar, a high-strength metal drill collar is usually required to finish detection in actual work, but if the working frequency is low, the metal drill collar can be short-circuited.
The resistivity of different coal seams is greatly different due to different properties, the resistivity of the coal seams at the hundred ohm and kilo ohm levels is common, the resistivity of individual coal seams can reach ten thousand ohms and even hundreds of thousands of ohms, but the electromagnetic wave attenuation is reduced under the high resistance condition, and the amplitude ratio signal and the phase difference signal received by the receiving coil are very small, so that the detection circuit can not measure effective signals, and even the signals can be submerged by noise. Influenced by the skin effect, when electromagnetic wave signals with different frequencies emitted by the coil are transmitted in the coal bed, the radial detection depth of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals is smaller than that of the low-frequency electromagnetic wave signals. Therefore, under the coal seam environments with different high resistance ranges, the single electromagnetic wave instrument while drilling cannot meet the requirement of resistivity measurement accuracy and cannot realize the detection of the coal seams with different high resistance ranges, the change of the resolution, the radial detection depth and the formation conductivity of the instrument needs to be comprehensively considered for solving the problem, the instrument is reasonably designed through the combination of the working parameters of the optimal coil system, and a corresponding design method is lacked in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, a design method and a combination, and aims to solve the technical problems that a single electromagnetic wave instrument while drilling cannot meet the requirement on the measurement accuracy of resistivity and cannot realize the detection of different high-resistance coal beds in the prior art under the coal bed environments with different high-resistance ranges.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system comprises a drill collar arranged in a high-resistance coal bed, wherein an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is arranged in the drill collar;
the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system comprises a transmitting coil unit, a receiving coil unit and a compensating coil unit which are arranged in a space orthogonal coordinate system;
the receiving coil unit comprises a first receiving coil assembly and a second receiving coil assembly, the first receiving coil assembly is arranged in the center of the drill collar and comprises a plurality of first receiving coils with the same structure, and the normals of the plurality of first receiving coils are overlapped and extend along the X-axis direction; the second receiving coil assembly comprises a plurality of second receiving coils which are arranged on the outer side of the first receiving coil unit in a pairwise symmetry manner, the structures of the plurality of second receiving coils are the same, and the normal lines of all the second receiving coils extend along the Z-axis direction;
the transmitting coil unit comprises a plurality of transmitting coils which are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the second receiving coil in pairs, and the normals of the plurality of transmitting coils are overlapped and extend along the Y-axis direction;
the compensation coil unit comprises at least one compensation coil sleeved outside the first receiving coil assembly, and the normal lines of all the compensation coils are overlapped and extend along the Z-axis direction.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the number of the transmitting coils is 4, the number of the first receiving coils is 1, the number of the second receiving coils is 2, and the number of the compensating coils is 1.
Furthermore, the drill collar is a non-magnetic drill collar, a groove for arranging coils is formed in the drill collar, and an insulating layer is coated on the surface of the groove.
The invention also discloses a design method of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system of the high-resistance coal bed, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a layer position of a high-resistance coal seam for laying an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the target mining area and the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam according to the acquired exploration data;
step 2, constructing an effective transmitting power expression and a transmitting frequency expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system based on the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam in the step 1;
step 3, constructing a transmitting coil turn number expression, a receiving coil turn number expression and a compensating coil turn number expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
step 4, constructing a space expression of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil of the high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is the distance between the geometric central point of the transmitting coil farthest from the central point of the drill collar and the geometric central point of the second receiving coil farthest from the central point of the drill collar;
step 5, constructing a compensation coil induced electromotive force expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
step 6, establishing an objective function and obtaining an optimal solution set of the objective function; when the induced electromotive force of the compensation coil in the optimal solution representation target function takes the minimum value, the optimal layout parameter combination of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is obtained;
the layout parameter combination comprises the transmitting frequency, the number of turns of the transmitting coil, the number of turns of the receiving coil and the distance between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system.
Furthermore, the effective transmission power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in step 2 is expressed as follows:
Figure 972561DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the formula:
P e the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is W;
p is the total transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
i (t) is the transmitted alternating current of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is A;
R L the unit is the total resistance of a transmitting coil unit of an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system and the unit is omega;
Figure 171592DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
detecting the formation resistance in the radius for the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, wherein the unit is omega;
D r the unit is m, which is the detection radius of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
Figure 482488DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the average resistivity of the high resistance coal seam is given in omega.
Further, the expression of the transmitting frequency in step 2 is as follows:
Figure 408856DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
in the formula:
Figure 754386DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is the transmit frequency in Hz;
D r the unit is m, which is the detection radius of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
P e the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is W;
c is the speed of light and is a constant, and the value is 299792458m/s;
mu is vacuum magnetic conductivity with the unit of H/m;
σ min the minimum measuring range of the conductivity sensor is detected, and the unit is S/m;
Figure 858740DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the minimum phase difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting coil in the unit of degree is transmitted in the high-resistance coal seam;
Figure 391352DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
epsilon is high-resistance coal seam dielectric constant, and the unit is C/(N.M).
Further, the number of turns of the transmitting coil in step 3 is expressed as follows:
Figure 386990DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
in the formula:
N Ti the number of turns of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is shown, i is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 321448DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
L Ti the length of a lead wire of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is m;
d Ti to send outThe wire diameter of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
Further, the receiving coil turns in step 3 are expressed as follows:
Figure 859352DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
in the formula:
N Ri the number of turns of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is shown, i is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 879261DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
L Ri the length of a lead wire of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is m;
d Ri the wire diameter of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
Further, the number of turns of the compensation coil in step 3 is expressed as follows:
Figure 147431DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
in the formula:
N Bi i is the number of turns of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit, is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 201975DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
L Bi for the length of the wire of the i-th compensation coil in the compensation coil unitIn the unit of m;
d Bi the unit is the wire diameter of the ith compensating coil in the compensating coil unit, and the unit is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
Further, the expression of the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil in step 4 is as follows:
Figure 913710DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
in the formula:
L TR the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is m;
v is the electromotive force of the receiving coil and the unit is V;
N Bi i is the number of turns of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit, is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
N M the M is the Mth turn of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit, M is an integer and is more than 1;
mu is vacuum magnetic conductivity with the unit of H/m;
i (t) is the transmitted alternating current of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is A;
theta is an included angle between the Mth turn of lead of the ith compensation coil and the normal direction of the ith compensation coil, and the unit is DEG;
Figure 686494DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
the vector of the wire element of the Mth turn of the wire of the ith transmitting coil is obtained;
Figure 492776DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the vector of the wire element of the Mth turn of the wire of the ith compensation coil is;
P e is the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
N Bn the total number of turns of the compensation coil unit;
M i the Mth turn of the wire of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit;
Figure 667405DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the element vector of the M-th turn of the wire of the ith receiving coil.
Further, the expression of the induced electromotive force of the compensation coil in step 5 is as follows:
Figure 268151DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
in the formula:
U R4n inducing electromotive force for the compensation coil;
U R4 n the n-th compensation coil in the compensation coil unit induces electromotive force, and n is an integer more than or equal to 1.
Further, the step 6 of establishing an objective function and obtaining the optimal solution set of the objective function specifically includes: establishing an objective function of an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system; acquiring constraint conditions in the operation process of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
wherein the constraint condition comprises: normal components of electric displacement vectors on two sides of a stratum interface are continuous; the tangential components of the magnetic field intensity at the two sides of the stratum interface are equal; the tangential component of the magnetic field intensity of the compensation coil is equal to the surface conduction current surface density and is orthogonal to the current direction; the normal component of the magnetic flux density is zero when the electric field of the receiving coil has no tangential component;
solving an optimal solution set of the target function through the constraint condition, wherein when each optimal solution in the optimal solution set characterizes that the target function takes the minimum value, the optimal layout parameter combination of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is obtained; and according to the optimal solution, laying the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system.
The invention also discloses a high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system combination which comprises a plurality of high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil systems, wherein the plurality of high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil systems are arranged in the high-resistance coal bed in series.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical characteristics:
the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system provided by the invention is suitable for high-resistance coal beds, the anti-interference performance of detection signal response is enhanced through the arranged compensation coil, and the detection capability of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system on different azimuth anomalies is superior to that of the existing equipment.
The design method of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system provided by the invention can finally obtain the optimal layout parameters of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system by constructing the transmission frequency expression and the effective transmission power expression, the number-of-turns expression of the transmission coil, the number-of-turns expression of the receiving coil and the number-of-turns expression of the compensating coil of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the high-resistance coal bed, and the distance expression between the transmission coil and the receiving coil of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the high-resistance coal bed, so that an accurate method is provided for the design of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the high-resistance coal bed, and the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the high-resistance coal bed designed by the method can meet the precision requirement of the resistivity measurement in the high-resistance coal bed and realize the detection of coal beds in different high-resistance ranges.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array coil system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation diagram of the transmission frequency selection of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system of embodiment 3;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the spacing and phase difference between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil in example 3;
FIG. 5 is a graph of receive coil voltage amplitude versus the product of transmit and receive coil spacing and coil turns;
FIG. 6 is a simulation result of optimization selection of coil system parameter combinations for the electromagnetic wave instrument array in the coal seam of example 3;
FIG. 7 is a comparison of the effects of the quadrature coupling compensation coil of example 3.
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1-drill collar, 2-first receiving coil, 3-second receiving coil, 4-transmitting coil and 5-compensating coil.
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that all components of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all as known in the art.
The terms appearing in the present invention are explained below:
high resistance coal bed: coal seams with resistivity greater than 800 Ω · m.
In the scheme, as shown in fig. 1, when describing the coil orientation, the side farther away from the drill collar center is the outer side along the drill collar central axis direction with the drill collar center as the reference.
The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Abiding by the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 2, the embodiment discloses a high-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, which comprises a drill collar 1 arranged in a high-resistance coal seam, wherein an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is arranged in the drill collar 1;
in the embodiment, the spatial rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the central point of the drill collar as an origin, the central axis of the drill collar as a Y axis, the horizontal direction perpendicular to the Y axis as an X axis and the vertical direction perpendicular to the Y axis as a Z axis;
the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system comprises a transmitting coil unit, a receiving coil unit and a compensating coil unit which are arranged in a space orthogonal coordinate system;
the receiving coil unit comprises a first receiving coil assembly and a second receiving coil assembly, the first receiving coil assembly is arranged in the center of the drill collar and comprises a plurality of first receiving coils 2 with the same structure, and the normals of the plurality of first receiving coils 2 are overlapped and extend along the X-axis direction; the second receiving coil assembly comprises a plurality of second receiving coils 3 which are arranged on the outer side of the first receiving coil unit in a pairwise symmetrical mode, the structures of the plurality of second receiving coils 3 are the same, and the normal lines of all the second receiving coils 3 extend along the Z-axis direction;
the transmitting coil unit comprises a plurality of transmitting coils 4 which are symmetrically arranged at the outer side of the second receiving coil 3 in pairs, and the normals of the plurality of transmitting coils 4 are overlapped and extend along the Y-axis direction;
the compensation coil unit comprises at least one compensation coil 5 sleeved on the outer side of the first receiving coil assembly, and the normal lines of all the compensation coils 5 are overlapped and extend along the Z-axis direction.
The number of the transmitting coils 4 is 4, the number of the first receiving coils 2 is 1, the number of the second receiving coils 3 is 2, the number of the compensating coils 5 is 1, and the transmitting coils 4, the first receiving coils 2, the second receiving coils 3 and the compensating coils 5 are all in a structure of being closely wound side by side.
Arranging a first receiving coil 2 in the center of a drill collar, wherein the geometric center of the first receiving coil 2 is superposed with the geometric center point of the drill collar, and the normal of the first receiving coil 2 extends along the X-axis direction;
a compensation coil 5 is sleeved outside the first receiving coil 2, and the normal of the compensation coil 5 extends along the Z-axis direction;
the second receiving coils 3 are symmetrically arranged at the outer side of the first receiving coil 2, and the normals of the 2 second receiving coils 3 all extend along the Z-axis direction, namely, the normals of the 2 second receiving coils 3 and the Z-axis are in the same plane and are parallel to each other;
the 4 transmitting coils 4 are symmetrically distributed on the outer side of the second receiving coil 3 in a mirror image manner, that is, the outer side of each second receiving coil 3 is provided with 2 transmitting coils 4,4, the normal lines of the transmitting coils 4 are overlapped and extend along the Y-axis direction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a transmitting coil 4T2, a second receiving coil 3R1, a first receiving coil 2R3, a second receiving coil 3R2, a transmitting coil 4T3, and a transmitting coil 4T4 are sequentially arranged in the drill collar from left to right along the length direction of the drill collar, wherein a compensating coil 5 is sleeved outside the first receiving coil 2R3, geometric center points of the receiving coil R3 and the compensating coil 5 are all at the center point of the drill collar, axes of the first receiving coil 2R3, the transmitting coil 4T1, the transmitting coil 4T2, the transmitting coil 4T3, and the transmitting coil 4T4 coincide with the central axis of the drill collar, axes of the second receiving coil 3R1 and the second receiving coil 3R2 are all parallel to the Z axis, and an axis of the compensating coil 5 is parallel to the X axis.
The drill collar is a non-magnetic drill collar, a groove for arranging coils is formed in the drill collar, and an insulating layer is coated on the surface of the groove.
This embodiment is used:
the transmitting coil in the array coil system transmits electromagnetic waves with different frequencies to the stratum according to the received transmitting instruction, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the stratum and then the feedback signals are received by the receiving coil, and the induced electromotive force of the receiving coil can be improved through inspection due to the arrangement of the compensating coil, so that the subsequent signal analysis and calculation are facilitated.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a high-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system combination, which comprises a plurality of orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil systems provided in embodiment 1, wherein the plurality of orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil systems are arranged in a high-resistance coal seam in series, for example, a plurality of drill collars can be arranged in the high-resistance coal seam in series, and one orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system provided in embodiment 1 is arranged in each drill collar.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a method for designing an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the method for designing setting parameters of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system disclosed in embodiment 1 includes the following steps:
step 1, acquiring exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a layer position of a high-resistance coal seam for laying an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the target mining area and the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam according to the acquired exploration data;
in this embodiment, the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam for arranging the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the target mine area is finally determined to be 1000 Ω · m.
Step 2, constructing an effective transmitting power expression and a transmitting frequency expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system based on the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam in the step 1; the method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing an effective transmitting power expression according to the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam, and further constructing a transmitting frequency expression;
wherein, the effective transmitting power expression is:
Figure 278963DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
in the formula:
P e is the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
p is the total transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
i (t) is the transmitted alternating current of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is A;
R L the unit is the total resistance of a transmitting coil unit of an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system and the unit is omega;
Figure 888936DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
detecting the formation resistance in the radius for the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, wherein the unit is omega;
D r the unit is m, which is the detection radius of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
Figure 918072DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the average resistivity of the high-resistivity coal seam is in unit of omega.
In the above formula, I (t) and P are both known amounts.
The transmission frequency expression is:
Figure 220878DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
in the formula:
Figure 453407DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is the transmit frequency in Hz;
D r the unit is m, which is the detection radius of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
P e is orthogonal electricityThe magnetic wave array coil system effectively transmits power with the unit of W;
c is the speed of light and is a constant, and the value is 299792458m/s;
mu is vacuum magnetic conductivity with the unit of H/m;
σ min the minimum measuring range of the conductivity sensor is detected, and the unit is S/m;
Figure 867071DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the minimum phase difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting coil in the unit of degree is transmitted in the high-resistance coal seam;
Figure 750713DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
epsilon is high-resistance coal seam dielectric constant, and the unit is C/(N.M).
In the above-mentioned formula,
Figure 958840DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
、ε、△L、
Figure 941315DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
and μ are known amounts.
When the transmission current is I (t), the value range of the transmission frequency can be determined according to the above formula, and a simulation diagram of the transmission frequency selection of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the drilling process shown in fig. 3 is obtained through simulation, and it can be seen from the diagram that when the transmission frequency of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system exceeds 4MHz and the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam is greater than 3000 Ω · m, the change of the phase difference starts to become unobvious and the curve tends to be gentle, and considering that the high-resistance coal seam is affected by the dielectric constant, in this embodiment, the transmission frequency of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is finally determined to be not greater than 4MHz.
Step 3, constructing a transmitting coil turn number expression, a receiving coil turn number expression and a compensating coil turn number expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
wherein, the expression of the number of turns of the transmitting coil is as follows:
Figure 893091DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
in the formula:
N Ti the number of turns of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is shown, i is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 631240DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit is distributed in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is m;
L Ti the length of a lead wire of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is m;
d Ti the wire diameter of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
Wherein d is Ti K is a constant.
The number of turns of the receiving coil is expressed as follows:
Figure 275848DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
in the formula:
N Ri the number of turns of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is shown, i is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 482969DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit is distributed in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is m;
L Ri the length of a lead of an ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is m;
d Ri is the wire of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unitThe wire diameter is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
Wherein: l is Ri 、d Ri And k is a constant.
Figure 238436DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
In the formula:
N Bi i is the number of turns of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit, is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 831091DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
L Bi the length of a lead wire of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit is m;
d Bi the unit is the wire diameter of the ith compensating coil in the compensating coil unit, and the unit is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
Wherein L is Bi 、d Bi And k is a constant.
Step 4, constructing a distance expression between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system by using the effective transmitting power expression established in the step 2; the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is the distance between the geometric central point of the transmitting coil farthest from the central point of the drill collar and the geometric central point of the second receiving coil farthest from the central point of the drill collar;
Figure 646600DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
in the formula:
L TR the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is m;
v is the electromotive force of the receiving coil and the unit is V;
N Bi for compensating the ith in the coil unitThe number of turns of the compensation coil, i is a positive even number and i is more than or equal to 2;
N M the M turn of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit is an integer, and M is more than 1;
mu is vacuum magnetic conductivity with the unit of H/m;
i (t) is the transmitted alternating current of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is A;
theta is an included angle between the Mth turn of lead of the ith compensation coil and the normal direction of the ith compensation coil, and the unit is DEG;
Figure 341018DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
the vector of the wire element of the Mth turn of the wire of the ith transmitting coil is obtained;
Figure 165755DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the vector of the wire element of the Mth turn of the wire of the ith compensation coil is;
P e the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is W;
N Bn the total number of turns of the compensation coil unit;
M i the Mth turn of the wire of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit;
Figure 878496DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the element vector of the mth turn of the wire of the ith receiving coil.
Where μ and θ are constants.
The distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is the distance between the geometric center point of the transmitting coil farthest from the center point of the drill collar and the geometric center point of the second receiving coil farthest from the center point of the drill collar, namely L1 shown in FIG. 1, in the figure, the distance between the geometric center point of T2 and the geometric center point of R3, the distance between the geometric center point of T3 and the geometric center point of R3, and the distance between the geometric center point of T4 and the geometric center point of R2 are both equal to L1;
step 5, constructing a compensation coil induced electromotive force expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
Figure 599327DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
in the formula:
U R4n inducing electromotive force for the compensation coil;
U R4 n the n-th compensation coil in the compensation coil unit induces electromotive force, and n is an integer more than or equal to 1.
Step 6, establishing an objective function and obtaining an optimal solution set of the objective function; when the induced electromotive force of the compensation coil in the optimal solution representation target function takes the minimum value, the optimal layout parameter combination of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is obtained;
the layout parameter combination comprises the transmitting frequency, the number of turns of the transmitting coil, the number of turns of the receiving coil and the distance between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system.
Wherein, the target function expression is:
Figure 781041DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
in the formula:
Qis an objective function;
i is the ith approximation term, and i is a positive integer;
N M2i the secondary field magnetic flux of the Mth turn of the conducting wire of the compensation coil;
y is a function satisfying a constraint condition;
F（X,W）to find a function;
Xis [ 2 ]f, N Ti , N Ri , L TR ]Coil parameters;
Ware parameters to be determined.
Optimizing Q objective function by Newton method, search direction S of k step k Expressed as:
Figure 612731DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,Jis a Jacobian matrix, W D A matrix with only non-zero diagonal lines.
The optimal solution of the objective function is the optimal layout parameter combination of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system.
Due to the fact that the working space of the underground coal mine roadway is narrow, the length of the drill collar is usually not more than 3m, the total length of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is not more than 3m, and the radial detection depth of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is determined by the distance between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil under the condition that the transmitting frequency is determined.
As shown in fig. 4, when the method of the present invention is used in the drilling process, the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil can be obtained, and when the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is smaller than 1m, the voltage amplitude of the receiving coil moves down as a whole along with the decrease of the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, and when the resistivity of the coal seam is larger than 3000 Ω · m, the voltage amplitude of the receiving coil is very small; when the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is larger than 1m, the linear relation between the phase difference and the resistivity is slightly poor along with the increase of the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, the phase difference sinks at low resistance, and the phase difference upwarps at high resistance. In contrast, the amplitude ratio signal does not perform well with respect to the coal seam, and in consideration of the overall length limitation of the coil system, in this embodiment, the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is preferably 1m.
In order to know the influence of the distances between different transmitting coils and receiving coils in the high-resistance coal seam and the number of turns of the coils on the response characteristics of electromagnetic waves, the resistivity value range of the coal seam is assumed to be 10 omega-m-10000 omega-m, the working frequency is 1MHz, and the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is 1m. The simulation results show that the variation curve of the received induction signal amplitude along with the product of the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil and the number of turns of the coil is obtained, and the result is shown in fig. 5.
In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal and meet the requirement of measuring precision of an instrument, the voltage amplitude of the receiving coil is more than 0.2 multiplied by 10 -6 V。
Finally, in this embodiment, four sets of the optimized selection parameter combinations are selected by using the least square method:
（1）L1=1m，L2=0.38m，f=1MHz，N Ri =25，N Ti =30；
（2）L1=1m，L2=0.51m，f=1MHz，N Ri =25，N Ti =30；
（3）L1=1m，L2=0.38m，f=2MHz，N Ri =30，N Ti =35；
（4）L1=1m，L2=0.51m，f=2MHz，N Ri =30，N Ti =35。
when the resistivity of the coal seam is 10-10000 omega-m, simulation experiments show that: l1=1m, L2=0.51m, f =1mhz Ri =25，N Ti Fig. 6 shows the results of the optimal combination of coil system parameters for the high resistance coal seam case at = 30.
As shown in fig. 7, in which the solid line is the calculated value of the array coil system with the compensation coil disposed and the dotted line is the calculated value of the array coil system without the compensation coil disposed, it can be seen that the signal response effect of the compensation coil added is significantly better.
As can be seen from the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that: the design method of the application can be realized by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may substantially contribute to the prior art, and may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as a ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a mobile terminal, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (13)

1. A high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system comprises a drill collar (1) arranged in a high-resistance coal bed, and is characterized in that the drill collar (1) is internally provided with an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system comprises a transmitting coil unit, a receiving coil unit and a compensating coil unit which are arranged in a space rectangular coordinate system;
the receiving coil unit comprises a first receiving coil assembly and a second receiving coil assembly, the first receiving coil assembly is arranged in the center of the drill collar and comprises a plurality of first receiving coils (2) with the same structure, and the normals of the plurality of first receiving coils (2) are overlapped and extend along the X-axis direction; the second receiving coil assembly comprises a plurality of second receiving coils (3) which are arranged on the outer side of the first receiving coil unit in a pairwise symmetry mode, the structures of the plurality of second receiving coils (3) are the same, and the normal lines of all the second receiving coils (3) extend along the Z-axis direction;
the transmitting coil unit comprises a plurality of transmitting coils (4) which are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the second receiving coil (3) in pairs, and the normals of the plurality of transmitting coils (4) are overlapped and extend along the Y-axis direction;
the compensation coil unit comprises at least one compensation coil (5) sleeved on the outer side of the first receiving coil assembly, and the normal lines of all the compensation coils (5) are overlapped and extend along the Z-axis direction.
2. The high impedance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 1, wherein the number of the transmitting coils (4) is 4, the number of the first receiving coils (2) is 1, the number of the second receiving coils (3) is 2, and the number of the compensating coils (5) is 1.
3. The high-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drill collar (1) is a non-magnetic drill collar, a groove for arranging coils is arranged in the drill collar (1), and an insulating layer is coated on the surface of the groove.
4. A method for designing a high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring exploration data of a target mining area, and determining a layer position of a high-resistance coal seam for laying an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the target mining area and the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam according to the acquired exploration data;
step 2, constructing an effective transmitting power expression and a transmitting frequency expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system based on the average resistivity of the high-resistance coal seam in the step 1;
step 3, constructing a transmitting coil turn number expression, a receiving coil turn number expression and a compensating coil turn number expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
step 4, constructing a space expression of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil of the high-resistance coal bed orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is the distance between the geometric central point of the transmitting coil farthest from the central point of the drill collar and the geometric central point of the second receiving coil farthest from the central point of the drill collar;
step 5, constructing a compensation coil induced electromotive force expression of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
step 6, establishing an objective function and obtaining an optimal solution set of the objective function; when the induced electromotive force of the compensation coil in the optimal solution representation target function takes the minimum value, the optimal layout parameter combination of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is obtained;
the layout parameter combination comprises the transmitting frequency, the number of turns of the transmitting coil, the number of turns of the receiving coil and the distance between the receiving coil and the transmitting coil of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system.
5. The method for designing a high impedance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the effective transmission power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system in the step 2 is expressed as follows:
Figure 993806DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the formula:
P e is the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
p is the total transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
i (t) is the transmitted alternating current of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is A;
R L the unit is the total resistance of a transmitting coil unit of an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system and the unit is omega;
Figure 619959DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the unit of the formation resistance in the radius is omega for the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system detection;
D r the unit is m, which is the detection radius of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
Figure 475920DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the average resistivity of the high resistance coal seam is given in omega.
6. The method for designing a high resistivity coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the transmission frequency in step 2 is as follows:
Figure 48983DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
in the formula:
Figure 408421DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
is the transmit frequency in Hz;
D r the unit is m, which is the detection radius of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
P e is the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
c is the speed of light and is a constant, and the value is 299792458m/s;
mu is vacuum magnetic conductivity with the unit of H/m;
σ min is a sensor for detecting conductivityThe minimum measuring range of the device is S/m;
Figure 471054DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the minimum phase difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting coil in the unit of degree is transmitted in the high-resistance coal seam;
Figure 280223DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
epsilon is the high-resistance coal seam dielectric constant, and has the unit of C/(N.M).
7. The method for designing a high impedance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the number of turns of the transmitting coil in step 3 is as follows:
Figure 719295DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
in the formula:
N Ti the number of turns of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is shown, i is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 933238DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
L Ti the length of a lead wire of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is m;
d Ti the wire diameter of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
8. The method for designing a high impedance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the number of turns of the receiving coil in the step 3 is expressed as follows:
Figure 166773DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
in the formula:
N Ri the number of turns of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is shown, i is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 731747DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
L Ri the length of a lead wire of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is m;
d Ri the wire diameter of the ith first receiving coil in the first receiving coil unit is m;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
9. The method for designing a high impedance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the number of turns of the compensation coil in the step 3 is expressed as follows:
Figure 646613DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
in the formula:
N Bi i is the number of turns of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit, is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
Figure 777380DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the minimum allowable size of a transmitting circuit and a receiving circuit arranged in the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is m;
L Bi the length of a lead wire of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit is m;
d Bi the unit is m, which is the wire diameter of the ith compensating coil in the compensating coil unit;
k is the coil constant in mT/A.
10. The method for designing a high resistivity coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil in the step 4 is as follows:
Figure 119500DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
in the formula:
L TR the distance between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is m;
v is the electromotive force of the receiving coil and the unit is V;
N Bi i is the number of turns of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit, is a positive even number and is more than or equal to 2;
N M the M turn of the ith compensation coil in the compensation coil unit is an integer, and M is more than 1;
mu is vacuum magnetic conductivity with the unit of H/m;
i (t) is the transmitted alternating current of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is A;
theta is an included angle between the Mth turn of lead of the ith compensation coil and the normal direction of the ith compensation coil, and the unit is DEG;
Figure 968507DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
the vector of the wire element of the Mth turn of the wire of the ith transmitting coil is obtained;
Figure 421485DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
the vector of the wire element of the Mth turn of the wire of the ith compensation coil is;
P e is the effective transmitting power of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system, and the unit is W;
N Bn the total number of turns of the compensation coil unit;
M i the Mth turn of the wire of the ith transmitting coil in the transmitting coil unit;
Figure 875601DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
is the element vector of the mth turn of the wire of the ith receiving coil.
11. The method for designing a high resistivity coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the expression of the induced electromotive force of the compensation coil in the step 5 is as follows:
Figure 450938DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
in the formula:
U R4n inducing electromotive force for the compensation coil;
U R4 n the n-th compensation coil in the compensation coil unit induces electromotive force, and n is an integer more than or equal to 1.
12. The method for designing a high impedance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system according to claim 4, wherein the step 6 of establishing an objective function and obtaining an optimal solution set of the objective function specifically comprises:
establishing an objective function of an orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system; acquiring constraint conditions in the operation process of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system;
wherein the constraint condition comprises: normal components of electric displacement vectors on two sides of a stratum interface are continuous; the tangential components of the magnetic field intensity at the two sides of the stratum interface are equal; the tangential component of the magnetic field intensity of the compensation coil is equal to the surface conduction current surface density and is orthogonal to the current direction; the normal component of the magnetic flux density is zero when the electric field of the receiving coil has no tangential component;
solving an optimal solution set of the target function through the constraint condition, wherein when each optimal solution in the optimal solution set characterizes that the target function takes the minimum value, the optimal layout parameter combination of the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system is obtained; and according to the optimal solution, laying the orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system.
13. A high-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil system combination is characterized by comprising a plurality of high-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil systems according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of high-resistance coal seam orthogonal electromagnetic wave array coil systems are arranged in a high-resistance coal seam in series.
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