CN112881652A - Supercritical CO2Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device for injection shale reservoir - Google Patents
Supercritical CO2Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device for injection shale reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to supercritical CO2A Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device for injection shale reservoir comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit and supercritical CO communicated through a pipeline2Generating unit and testing unit, supercritical CO2The generating unit and the testing unit are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit; supercritical CO2The generation unit is used for generating supercritical CO2And the generated supercritical CO2Sending to a test unit; the test unit simulates a subsurface reservoir and is used to test the supercritical CO required for a Joule-Thomson coefficient characterizing the Joule-Thomson effect2Temperature and pressure changes. Simulating supercritical CO by experiment aiming at different well completion modes2Monitoring supercritical CO by multiple Joule-Thomson effect of shale injection2The variation of parameters such as temperature, injection pressure and flow rate, the test being used to characterize Joule-Joule-Thomson coefficient of Thomson effect on lowering supercritical CO2Engineering injection risk and supercritical CO2The safe implementation of the fracturing process is of great significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of unconventional natural gas exploitation, in particular to supercritical CO2Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device for injection shale reservoirAnd (4) placing.
Background
The hydraulic fracturing is one of the main technical measures for increasing the yield of unconventional natural gas reservoirs such as shale gas, coal bed gas and the like, but the water consumption of the hydraulic fracturing is extremely large. Most of unconventional natural gas reservoirs in China are distributed in regions with relatively short water resources, wherein shale gas reservoirs are deeply buried, rock mass structures are compact, mechanical strength is high, 15-60 ten thousand tons of water are consumed for hydraulic fracturing modification of the reservoirs through single wells, water consumption is high, and the applicability of the hydraulic fracturing technology applied to development of the unconventional natural gas reservoirs in the regions with the short water resources is low. In addition, the clay mineral content in unconventional natural gas reservoirs, especially shale gas reservoirs, is high, and the reservoirs are easy to expand when meeting water, so that the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs can be reduced, and the water sensitivity of the reservoirs can be damaged. The commercial development of the shale gas reservoir is severely restricted by the problems, and a method suitable for the development of the shale gas reservoir needs to be explored urgently.
Supercritical CO2Has the characteristics of high density, low viscosity, strong permeability and the like, and the shale gas reservoir adsorbs CO2Capacity greater than CH4High pressure CO injection into reservoir2Can displace and displace CH in reservoirs due to competitive adsorption advantages4And (6) output. Supercritical CO2The water-swelling-resistant clay mineral water-swelling-resistant natural gas reservoir can effectively reduce reservoir water-sensitive damage caused by clay mineral water swelling by replacing water as a medium for strengthening the production increase of an unconventional natural gas reservoir. Supercritical CO2The jet velocity is faster than that of the water jet, the jet core area is longer, the diffusion area is wider, and the supercritical CO is2Has stronger jet flow effect than hydraulic fracturing. Supercritical CO2And the reaction with water to form carbonic acid acidifies the reservoir, so that the fracture pressure of the reservoir can be reduced, and the reservoir can be fractured more easily. Thus, supercritical CO2Is considered to be a favorable medium and an effective method for strengthening the development of the shale gas reservoir, can reduce water consumption and realize the greenhouse gas CO2And (5) emission reduction.
Shale gas development wells are most commonly completed in open hole completions and perforated completions. Shale reservoirs have a pore-fracture structure and are typically porous media similar to porous screens. High pressure supercritical CO2Through the perforation of the shaft and during the course of the reservoir, is perforatedThrottling of the perforations and reservoir will result in high pressure supercritical CO2A sudden change in pressure is produced, which in turn causes a change in temperature, a phenomenon known as the Joule-Thomson effect. High pressure supercritical CO in different well completion modes2The number of throttles varies, as does the number of joule-thomson effects that occur. For example, high pressure supercritical CO in open hole completions2Directly enters a reservoir from an injection well, passes through only one throttling of the porous medium reservoir, and correspondingly generates one Joule-Thomson effect. High pressure supercritical CO in perforating completion mode2The gas enters a reservoir layer from a perforation hole on a shaft of an injection well, and the generated Joule-Thomson effect is correspondingly increased once after twice throttling of the perforation hole and the porous medium reservoir layer.
At higher supercritical CO2Under the conditions of initial injection temperature, injection pressure and injection flow rate, through the perforation of a shaft and the throttling of a porous medium reservoir, the reservoir in the near wellbore region is not in time to exchange heat with the surrounding environment, and CO2Approximately undergoes the adiabatic expansion cooling process, CO2May have phase change, density and viscosity change, and influence CO2Flow characteristics and possibly the formation of dry ice to plug perforations and seepage channels of the near wellbore zone reservoir. The temperature field of the reservoir in the near wellbore region has larger change and obvious temperature reduction, and if the temperature of formation water in pores and cracks of the reservoir in the near wellbore region is lower than the freezing point, an 'ice plug' can be formed to further block perforation holes of a wellbore and seepage channels of the reservoir in the near wellbore region. Thus, high pressure supercritical CO2During the injection into the reservoir, multiple stages of the Joule-Thomson effect occur, which can cause supercritical CO2The injection speed is reduced to form the pressure building in the shaft, and the supercritical CO is influenced2And the injection is continuously carried out, so that the safety of injection construction is threatened.
The joule-thomson effect is usually described by a joule-thomson coefficient mu, which reflects the change of the gas temperature after throttling along with the pressure, and the calculation formula of the joule-thomson coefficient is as follows:
in the formula, T represents temperature, and P represents pressure. The subscript H indicates that the process is an isenthalpic process. Because the enthalpy (H) before and after throttling is constant (heat exchange is not timely and an adiabatic process is approximately experienced), the joule-thompson coefficient represents the rate of change of temperature with pressure during isenthalpic processes.
Thus, supercritical CO is carried out2Before injecting unconventional natural gas reservoir, supercritical CO is simulated by tests according to different well completion modes2Monitoring supercritical CO by multiple Joule-Thomson effect generated by injecting unconventional natural gas reservoir2Testing Joule-Thomson coefficient for characterizing Joule-Thomson effect, determining optimized and reasonable well completion mode and reducing Joule-Thomson effect influence for reducing supercritical CO2Engineering injection risk and supercritical CO2The safe implementation of the fracturing process is of great significance, but at present, test simulation equipment is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide supercritical CO2A Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device for an injected shale reservoir aims at solving the technical problem.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
supercritical CO2A Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device for injection shale reservoir comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit and supercritical CO communicated through a pipeline2A generating unit and a testing unit, the supercritical CO2The generating unit and the testing unit are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit; the supercritical CO2The generation unit is used for generating supercritical CO2And the generated supercritical CO2Sending to the test unit; the test unit simulates the underground reservoir and its initial conditions of temperature and pressure and is used to test the supercritical CO required for the Joule-Thomson coefficient characterizing the Joule-Thomson effect2Temperature and pressure changes and monitoring of reaction supercritical CO2The data collection and analysis sheetThe elements acquire the measured temperature, pressure and injection flow to obtain the joule-thomson coefficient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when simulating, by supercritical CO2Generating unit for preparing supercritical CO2And the generated supercritical CO2Sending to a test unit; the test unit simulates the underground reservoir and its initial conditions of temperature and pressure and is used to test the supercritical CO required for the Joule-Thomson coefficient characterizing the Joule-Thomson effect2Temperature and pressure changes and monitoring of reaction supercritical CO2An injectable injection flow variation; meanwhile, the data acquisition and analysis unit acquires relevant data tested by the test unit and performs processing analysis to obtain a Joule-Thomson coefficient so as to reduce the supercritical CO2Engineering injection risk and supercritical CO2The safety of the fracturing process was evaluated. The invention aims at different well completion modes, and the supercritical CO is simulated by testing2Monitoring supercritical CO by injecting into shale reservoir for multiple Joule-Thomson effect2Variation of parameters such as temperature, injection pressure and flow rate, testing of Joule-Thomson coefficients for characterization of Joule-Thomson Effect on supercritical CO reduction2Engineering injection risk and supercritical CO2The safe implementation of the fracturing process is of great significance.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the test unit comprises a sample chamber for simulating an injection well, and a sealing rubber sleeve for holding a sample to simulate a subsurface reservoir is fixedly arranged in the sample chamber; one end of the sample chamber is open, a well completion simulation structural member is detachably mounted on the sample chamber, one end of the well completion simulation structural member is provided with at least one through perforation communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve, the other end of the well completion simulation structural member is detachably connected with one end of an injection well bottom simulation structural member, and the other end of the injection well bottom simulation structural member is connected with the supercritical CO through a pipeline2The generation units are communicated.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that the sample is filled in the sealing rubber sleeve in the sample chamber to simulate the underground reservoir and the temperature and pressure thereofInitial conditions are applied, different well completion modes are simulated through well completion simulation structural members with different numbers of perforations, and then supercritical CO is simulated in multiple different well completion modes2The number of throttles and the effect of the joule-thomson effect.
Furthermore, one end of the well completion simulation structural member is internally and fixedly provided with a device for collecting supercritical CO2Temperature T before entering underground reservoir after throttling through perforation of perforation2And pressure P2The temperature sensor I and the pressure sensor I are fixedly arranged in the other end of the temperature sensor I and the pressure sensor I and are respectively used for acquiring the bottom temperature T of the injection well1And pressure P1A second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor; the temperature sensor I, the temperature sensor II, the pressure sensor I and the pressure sensor II are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through lines.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that the supercritical CO is respectively collected by the first temperature sensor and the first pressure sensor2Temperature T before entering reservoir after throttling of perforation hole2And pressure P2Simultaneously respectively collecting supercritical CO by a temperature sensor II and a pressure sensor II2Bottom hole temperature T of injection well1And pressure P1Then the data acquisition and analysis unit acquires the corresponding temperature and pressure, and processes, analyzes and calculates to obtain the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu generated by the first-stage throttling1The measurement is convenient and fast, and the precision is high.
The other end of the sample chamber is open, and a plug is detachably arranged on the sample chamber; one end of the plug is communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve, the other end of the plug is communicated with the vacuum unit through a pipeline, and the vacuum unit is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through a circuit.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is that through the vacuum unit to carry out evacuation processing to sealed gum cover, the influence of discharge line air to the experiment guarantees going on smoothly of test.
Further, the plugs are internally and fixedly provided with a device for collecting supercritical CO respectively2Temperature T after reservoir throttling3And pressure P3The temperature sensor III and the pressure sensor III are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through lines.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that the supercritical CO is respectively collected by the temperature sensor III and the pressure sensor III2Temperature T after reservoir throttling3And pressure P3Then the data acquisition and analysis unit acquires corresponding temperature and pressure, and processes, analyzes and calculates to obtain the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu generated by the secondary throttling2The measurement is convenient and fast, and the precision is high.
Further, the test unit still includes constant pressure valve and flowmeter, the constant pressure valve with flowmeter interval fixed mounting is in supercritical CO2And the pipeline between the generating unit and the other end of the well completion simulation structural member is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through a line.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that during simulation, constant supercritical CO is set through the constant pressure valve2Injection pressure while supercritical CO is detected by a flow meter2The flow of pouring into, then corresponding temperature and pressure are gathered to data acquisition analysis unit to carry out the processing analysis, measure convenient and fast, the precision is high.
The device further comprises a confining pressure control unit for simulating and controlling the effective pressure of the underground reservoir, wherein the confining pressure control unit comprises a liquid storage tank and a constant pressure pump, an outlet of the liquid storage tank, the constant pressure pump and the sample chamber are sequentially communicated through a pipeline, and an inlet of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the sample chamber through a pipeline; the constant pressure pump is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit through a circuit.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is that during the simulation, send the liquid (hydraulic oil or water) of storing in the liquid storage pot to the sample room through the constant-pressure pump to adjust the indoor pressure of sample, thereby change the pressure of sealed gum cover and sample, and then the effective pressure of analogue test reservoir, improve the effect of simulation.
Further, the sealing rubber sleeve is communicated with a collection tank for collecting the test waste gas through a recovery pipeline.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned further scheme are that collect above-mentioned pressure regulating liquid through the liquid storage pot, realize the recycling of liquid, practice thrift the cost.
Further, the test unit also comprises a constant temperature box, and the sample chamber is erected in the constant temperature box through a bracket.
The beneficial effect of adopting above-mentioned further scheme is through the thermostated container keep the sample all the time under the invariable temperature condition, provide the initial temperature condition of simulation shale reservoir bed, guarantee the effect of simulation.
Further, the supercritical CO2The generating unit comprises CO sequentially communicated through pipelines2The gas outlet of the supercritical CO2 generation tank is communicated with the test unit through a pipeline; the outer fixed cover of supercritical CO2 generator tank is equipped with temperature control device, the condenser with the plunger booster pump respectively through the circuit with data acquisition analysis unit connects.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that the supercritical CO is adopted2During preparation, storing in CO2CO in gas cylinder2Condensing into liquid by a condenser, pressurizing by a plunger booster pump, storing in a supercritical CO2 generation tank, heating by a temperature control device to generate supercritical CO2(the temperature is higher than 31.4 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.38MPa), and the preparation is convenient, quick and efficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a sample chamber in the test unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a perforating completion simulation construct of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a perforating completion simulation construct of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a perforating completion simulation construct of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an open hole completion simulation structure according to the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. data acquisition and analysis Unit, 2, supercritical CO2The device comprises a generating unit, 3, a testing unit, 4, a sample chamber, 5, a sealing rubber sleeve, 6, a well completion simulation structural member, 7, a perforation, 8, a first temperature sensor, 9, a first pressure sensor, 10, a second temperature sensor, 11, a second pressure sensor, 12, a vacuum unit, 13, a plug, 14, a third temperature sensor, 15, a third pressure sensor, 16, a constant pressure valve, 17, a flowmeter, 18, a confining pressure control unit, 19, a liquid storage tank, 20, a constant pressure pump, 21, a test waste gas collecting tank, 22, a constant temperature box, 23, a bracket, 24 and CO2The device comprises a gas cylinder, 25, a condenser, 26, a plunger booster pump, 27, a supercritical CO2 generation tank, 28, a temperature control device, 29, a sample, 30, a handle jack, 31, an injection well bottom hole simulation structure, 32, a locking structure, 33, a production well bottom hole simulation structure, 34 and a placement groove.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described in connection with the drawings and the detailed description of the invention, which are set forth below as examples to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the present invention provides supercritical CO2A Joule-Thomson effect test simulation device for injection shale reservoir comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit 1 and supercritical CO communicated through a pipeline2Generating unit 2 and testing unit 3, supercritical CO2The generating unit 2 and the testing unit 3 are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1; supercritical CO2The generating unit 2 is used for generating supercritical CO2And the generated supercritical CO2Sent to the test unit 3; the test unit 3 simulates the underground shale reservoir and its initial conditions of temperature and pressure and is used to test the supercritical CO required for the joule-thomson coefficient characterizing the joule-thomson effect2Temperature and pressure changes and monitoring of reaction supercritical CO2The injection flow change and data acquisition and analysis unit1 the measured temperature, pressure and injection flow are collected to obtain the joule-thomson coefficient. When simulating, by supercritical CO2Production unit 2 for supercritical CO production2And the generated supercritical CO2Sent to the test unit 3; the test unit 3 simulates the underground shale reservoir and its initial conditions of temperature and pressure and is used to test the supercritical CO required for the joule-thomson coefficient characterizing the joule-thomson effect2Temperature and pressure changes and monitoring of reaction supercritical CO2An injectable injection flow variation; meanwhile, the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the relevant data tested by the test unit 3, processes and analyzes the data to obtain the Joule-Thomson coefficient, and further reduces the supercritical CO2Engineering injection risk and supercritical CO2The safety of the fracturing process was evaluated. The invention aims at different well completion modes, and the supercritical CO is simulated by testing2Monitoring supercritical CO by multiple Joule-Thomson effect generated by injecting unconventional natural gas reservoir2Variation of parameters such as temperature, injection pressure and flow rate, testing of Joule-Thomson coefficients for characterization of Joule-Thomson Effect on supercritical CO reduction2Engineering injection risk and supercritical CO2The safe implementation of the fracturing process is of great significance.
Example 1
On the basis of the structure, in the embodiment, the test unit 3 comprises a sample chamber 4 for simulating an injection well, and a sealing rubber sleeve 5 for containing a sample 29 to simulate an underground reservoir is fixedly arranged in the sample chamber 4; one end of the sample chamber 4 is open and is detachably provided with a well completion simulation structural member 6, one end of the well completion simulation structural member 6 is provided with at least one through perforation 7 communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve 5, the other end of the well completion simulation structural member is detachably connected with one end of an injection well bottom simulation structural member 31 in a threaded connection mode, and the other end of the injection well bottom simulation structural member 31 is connected with supercritical CO through a pipeline2The generating unit 2 is connected. In the simulation, a sample 29 is filled in a sealing rubber sleeve 5 in a sample chamber 4 to simulate a subsurface shale reservoir, then different well completion modes are simulated through well completion simulation structural members 6 with different numbers of perforations 7, and therefore, different well completion modes can be simulated for the supercritical shale reservoirBoundary CO2The effect of the joule-thomson effect produced by throttling.
And one end of the sample chamber 4 is provided with an external thread, the end of the locking structural member 32 is provided with an internal thread, and the locking structural member 32 can be used for installing and fixing the well completion simulation structural member 6 in the sample chamber 4. The injection well bottom simulation structure 31 is internally threaded and one end of the completion simulation structure 6 is externally threaded, so that one end of the completion simulation structure 6 is threadedly connected to one end of the completion simulation structure 6.
In addition, the two ends of the locking structural member 32 and the injection well bottom simulation structural member 31 are respectively provided with a handle jack 30, so that the assembly and disassembly are convenient.
The sample chamber 4 is also fixedly provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the internal temperature thereof, and the temperature sensor is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit.
The shale gas reservoir completion mode is most common in open hole completion and perforation completion, and when the completion simulation structural member 6 is a through hole, the shale gas reservoir completion mode is open hole completion (see figure 6); when the number of the perforations 7 on the completion simulation structure 6 is multiple, the completion is perforated (see fig. 3 to 5).
In addition, when the completion mode is perforation completion, the perforation 7 with different apertures is used for supercritical CO2The Joule-Thomson effect produced by throttling also has the effect that the aperture of the perforation 7 is increased and the supercritical CO is increased2The joule-thomson effect becomes weaker and the tested joule-thomson coefficient changes accordingly.
Example 2
On the basis of the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, one end of the completion simulation structural member 6 is fixedly installed with a bolt for collecting supercritical CO respectively2Temperature T before entering underground reservoir after throttling through perforations of perforation 72And pressure P2The temperature sensor I8 and the pressure sensor I9 are fixedly installed in the other end through bolts and are respectively used for acquiring the bottom temperature T of the injection well1And pressure P1A second temperature sensor 10 and a second pressure sensor 11; a first temperature sensor 8, a second temperature sensor 10, a first pressure sensor 9 andthe second pressure sensor 11 is respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a line, and the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires temperature and pressure values measured by each temperature sensor and each pressure sensor so as to calculate the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu in the subsequent process1. During testing, the supercritical CO is respectively collected by the first temperature sensor 8 and the first pressure sensor 92Temperature T before entering reservoir after throttling of perforation 72And pressure P2Simultaneously, the supercritical CO is respectively collected by the second temperature sensor 10 and the second pressure sensor 112Bottom hole temperature T of injection well1And pressure P1Then the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the corresponding temperature and pressure, and processes, analyzes and calculates to obtain the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu1The measurement is convenient and fast, and the precision is high.
Example 3
On the basis of the first embodiment, the embodiment further comprises a vacuum unit 12, wherein the other end of the sample chamber 4 is open and is detachably provided with a plug 13; one end of the plug 13 is communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve 5, the other end of the plug is communicated with the vacuum unit 12 through a pipeline, and the vacuum unit 12 is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a line. During simulation, the vacuum unit 12 is used for vacuumizing the sealing rubber sleeve 5 and the pipeline, and the influence of air on the test is exhausted, so that the underground reservoir stratum can be simulated, and the test can be carried out smoothly.
An external thread is arranged at one end of the plug 13, an internal thread is arranged on the bottom hole structural component 33 of the gas production well, and the two are in threaded connection, so that the assembly and disassembly are convenient; the gas well bottom structure 33 can also be connected to the plug 13 by means of a locking structure 32.
In addition, handle insertion holes 30 are respectively formed in two ends of the plug 13, so that the plug 13 can be conveniently disassembled and assembled.
And sealing rings are respectively and fixedly arranged between the plug 13 and the sample chamber 4 and between the completion simulation structural member 6 and the sample chamber 4.
Example 4
On the basis of the third embodiment, in the third embodiment, the plugs 13 are fixedly installed with bolts for collecting supercritical CO respectively2Temperature T after reservoir throttling3And pressure P3The temperature sensor III 14 and the pressure sensor III 15 are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through lines, and the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires temperature and pressure values measured by the temperature sensors and the pressure sensors so as to calculate the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu in the subsequent process2. During testing, the supercritical CO is respectively collected by the third temperature sensor 14 and the third pressure sensor 152Temperature T after reservoir throttling3And pressure P3Then the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 acquires the corresponding temperature and pressure, and processes, analyzes and calculates to obtain the Joule-Thompson coefficient mu2The measurement is convenient and fast, and the precision is high.
Example 5
On the basis of the first embodiment, in the present embodiment, the test unit 3 further includes a constant pressure valve 16 and a flow meter 17, and the constant pressure valve 16 and the flow meter 17 are fixedly installed at intervals in the supercritical CO in a manner that will occur to those skilled in the art2And the generation unit 2 and the completion simulation structural member 6 are connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through lines on a pipeline between the other ends. During simulation, constant supercritical CO is set by the constant pressure valve 162Injection pressure while monitoring supercritical CO by means of flow meter 172The injected flow, the corresponding temperature and pressure are collected by the data collecting and analyzing unit 1, the processing and analysis are carried out, the measurement is convenient and fast, and the accuracy is high.
Each of the temperature sensors and the pressure sensors may be directly mounted at a predetermined position by bolts, or a placement groove 34 may be formed at the predetermined position, and the sensors are mounted in the corresponding placement grooves 34, preferably the latter, which is more space-saving and specifically selected according to the requirements.
Example 6
On the basis of the first embodiment, the embodiment further comprises a confining pressure control unit 18 for simulating and controlling the effective pressure of the underground reservoir, wherein the confining pressure control unit 18 comprises a liquid storage tank 19 and a constant pressure pump 20, an outlet of the liquid storage tank 19, the constant pressure pump 20 and the sample chamber 4 are sequentially communicated through a pipeline, and an inlet of the liquid storage tank 19 is communicated with the sample chamber 4 through a pipeline; the constant pressure pump 20 is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit. During simulation, liquid (hydraulic oil or water) stored in the liquid storage tank 19 is sent into the sample chamber 4 through the constant pressure pump 20 to adjust the pressure in the sample chamber 4, so that the pressure of the sample 29 is changed, the effective pressure of a reservoir stratum of a simulation test is further simulated, and the simulation effect is improved.
Example 7
On the basis of the seventh embodiment, in the present embodiment, the packing rubber 5 is communicated with the test waste gas collecting tank 21 through a recovery pipeline. During testing, the pressure regulating liquid is collected through the collecting tank 21, so that the liquid is recycled, and the cost is saved.
And valves are respectively arranged on a pipeline between the liquid storage tank 19 and the sample chamber 4, a pipeline between an outlet of the liquid storage tank 19 and the constant pressure pump 20, and a pipeline between the constant pressure pump 20 and the sample chamber 4, and are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit by adopting an electromagnetic valve.
The test waste gas collecting tank 21 can be directly communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve 5 through a pipeline, and also can be communicated with a pipeline between the vacuum unit 12 and the sealing rubber sleeve 5, the latter is optimized, the space is saved, the pipeline arrangement is reasonable, valves are respectively and fixedly arranged at the air inlet of the test waste gas collecting tank 21 and on the air inlet pipeline of the vacuum unit 12, the valves are optimized by electromagnetic valves and are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit.
In addition, the bottom of the test waste gas collecting tank 21 is provided with a discharge port, and a valve, preferably an electromagnetic valve, is fixedly mounted at the discharge port and is connected with the data collecting and analyzing unit 1 through a line.
Example 8
On the basis of the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the testing unit 3 further includes an oven 22, the sample chamber 4 is erected in the oven 22 through a bracket 23, and the upper end of the bracket 23 is welded or bolted to the sample chamber 4. During testing, the sample 29 is kept at a constant temperature condition all the time through the constant temperature box 22, so that the initial temperature condition of the simulated shale reservoir is provided, and the simulation effect is ensured.
In addition to the above embodiments, the bracket 23 may be a single body to support the sample chamber 4, or may include two frame bodies, which are respectively located below the completion simulation structure 6 and the plug 13, and the upper ends of the two frame bodies are respectively welded to the bottoms of the completion simulation structure 6 and the plug 13.
Example 9
Based on the above structure, in the present embodiment, supercritical CO2The generating unit 2 comprises CO which are communicated in sequence through a pipeline2The gas cylinder 24, the condenser 25, the plunger booster pump 26 and the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27, wherein a gas outlet of the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 is communicated with the test unit 3 through a pipeline; the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 is fixedly sleeved with a temperature control device 28, and the condenser 25 and the plunger booster pump 26 are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through lines. Supercritical CO2During preparation, storing in CO2CO in the cylinder 242Condensed into liquid by a condenser 25, then pressurized by a plunger booster pump 26 and stored in a supercritical CO2 generating tank 27, and then heated by a temperature control device to generate supercritical CO2(the temperature is higher than 31.4 ℃ and the pressure is higher than 7.38MPa), and the preparation is convenient and quick. The condenser 25 is also fixedly provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through a circuit.
In addition, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor for measuring the internal temperature and pressure of the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 are fixedly installed, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively connected to the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through lines.
CO as described above2Valves are fixedly arranged on a pipeline between the gas cylinder 24 and the condenser 25 and a pipeline between the plunger booster pump 26 and the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27; furthermore, the bottom of the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 is provided with an exhaust port, and a valve is fixedly installed at the exhaust port.
The temperature control device 28 fixedly installed in the supercritical CO2 generation tank 27 is generally an electromagnetic heating coil.
Each valve is preferably an electromagnetic valve, and the electromagnetic valves and the electromagnetic heating coils are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit 1 through lines.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be combined into a plurality of feasible solutions, and the specific combination manner is designed according to the user requirement.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, drilling a sample 29 required by a test along the bedding direction of a shale reservoir, and filling the sample 29 into a sealing rubber sleeve 5;
secondly, storing in CO2CO in the cylinder 242Condensed into liquid by a condenser 25, then pressurized by a plunger booster pump 26, pressurized by the plunger booster pump 26 and stored in a supercritical CO2 generating tank 27, and then heated by a temperature control device to generate supercritical CO2；
The sample chamber 4 and the lines are evacuated by means of a vacuum unit 12. Then, the prepared supercritical CO is added2The pressure is sent to an injection well bottom simulation structural member 32, the injection well bottom simulation structural member 32 enters a sample 29 in the sample chamber 4 through a completion structural member 6, and liquid (hydraulic oil or water) stored in a liquid storage tank 19 is sent into the sample chamber 4 through a constant pressure pump 20 so as to adjust the pressure in the sample chamber 4, so that the pressure of the sample 29 is changed, and the effective pressure of a tested reservoir stratum is simulated; when pressure relief is needed in the sample chamber 4, liquid in the sample chamber flows back to the liquid storage tank 19 through the corresponding pipeline;
finally, the data acquisition and analysis system 1 acquires various parameters through various temperature sensors, pressure sensors, constant pressure valves 16 and flowmeters 17, and analyzes various parameters under different well completion modes to supercritical CO2The effect of the joule-thomson effect.
The simulation test method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: preparation of supercritical CO2；
S11: CO is fed through a condenser 252Condensing and liquefying to obtain liquid CO2；
S12: the obtained liquid CO is pumped by a plunger booster pump 262Pressurizing and storing in supercritical CO2In the forming tank 27;
s13: supercritical CO is fed through a temperature control device 282Generating the high pressure liquid in the tank 27State CO2Heating to generate supercritical CO2(temperature greater than 31.4 ℃ and pressure greater than 7.38 MPa).
S2: simulation of supercritical CO2The joule-thomson effect of injection into shale reservoirs;
s21: simulating initial conditions of the shale reservoir;
s22: injecting supercritical CO into simulated shale reservoir2To simulate supercritical CO2Joule-thomson effect injected into shale reservoirs.
S3: and measuring corresponding temperature parameters and pressure parameters in the Joule-Thomson effect, and calculating the Joule-Thomson coefficient according to the measured temperature parameters and pressure parameters.
S4: evaluating the supercritical CO of different completion modes and different numbers of perforating holes under the perforating completion modes according to the obtained Joule-Thomson coefficient2The effect of the joule-thomson effect of throttling the injection shale reservoir.
When the completion mode in the step S4 is open hole completion, the temperature parameters obtained in the step S3 comprise the temperature T at the bottom of the injection well1And supercritical CO2Temperature T after passing through reservoir2And the obtained pressure parameter comprises the pressure P at the bottom of the injection well1And supercritical CO2Pressure P after passing through reservoir2The joule-thomson coefficient is calculated as follows:
in the formula, H represents that the process is an isenthalpic process.
When the completion mode in step S4 is a perforated completion, the temperature parameters obtained in step S3 include the temperature T at the bottom of the injection well1And supercritical CO2Temperature T before entering reservoir after throttling through perforation hole2And collecting supercritical CO2Temperature T after reservoir throttling3And the obtained pressure parameter comprises the pressure P at the bottom of the injection well1And supercritical CO2Throttling through perforationPressure P before back-entry into reservoir2And collecting the pressure P of the supercritical CO2 after reservoir throttling3The joule-thomson coefficient is calculated as follows:
wherein H represents an isenthalpic process, μ1Is supercritical CO2Joule-Thomson coefficient, mu, produced by perforation throttling2Is supercritical CO2Joule-thomson coefficient generated by shale reservoir throttling.
It should be noted that, the electronic components according to the present invention are all of the prior art, and the above components are electrically connected to the data acquisition and analysis system, and the control circuit between the data acquisition and analysis system and each component is the prior art.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. Supercritical CO2Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: comprises a data acquisition and analysis unit (1) and supercritical CO communicated by a pipeline2A generating unit (2) and a testing unit (3), the supercritical CO2The generating unit (2) and the testing unit (3) are respectively in communication connection with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1); the supercritical CO2A generation unit (2) for generating supercritical CO2And will be generatedSupercritical CO2To the test unit (3); the test unit (3) simulates the underground reservoir and its initial conditions of temperature and pressure and is used to test the supercritical CO required for the Joule-Thomson coefficient characterizing the Joule-Thomson effect2Temperature and pressure changes and monitoring of reaction supercritical CO2The data acquisition and analysis unit (1) acquires the measured temperature, pressure and injection flow to obtain a joule-thomson coefficient.
2. The supercritical CO of claim 12Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: the test unit (3) comprises a sample chamber (4) simulating an injection well, and a sealing rubber sleeve (5) used for containing a sample (29) to simulate a underground reservoir is fixedly arranged in the sample chamber (4); the one end of sample room (4) is uncovered to detachable installs well completion analogue structure spare (6), one of well completion analogue structure spare (6) serve be equipped with at least one with perforation (7) of running through of sealed gum cover (5) intercommunication, the other end can be dismantled with the one end of injection well shaft bottom analogue structure spare (31) and be connected, the other end of injection well shaft bottom analogue structure spare (31) pass through the pipeline with supercritical CO with2The generating units (2) are communicated.
3. The supercritical CO of claim 22Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: one end of the well completion simulation structural member (6) is internally and fixedly provided with a device for collecting supercritical CO2Temperature T before entering underground reservoir after throttling through perforations of the perforation (7)2And pressure P2The temperature sensor I (8) and the pressure sensor I (9) are fixedly arranged in the other end of the pressure sensor I, and the temperature sensor I and the pressure sensor I are respectively used for acquiring the bottom temperature T of the injection well1And pressure P1A second temperature sensor (10) and a second pressure sensor (11); the temperature sensor I (8), the temperature sensor II (10), the pressure sensor I (9) and the pressure sensor II (11) are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through lines.
4. The supercritical CO of claim 22Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a vacuum unit (12), the other end of the sample chamber (4) is open, and a plug (13) is detachably arranged; one end of the plug (13) is communicated with the sealing rubber sleeve (5), the other end of the plug is communicated with the vacuum unit (12) through a pipeline, and the vacuum unit (12) is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through a line.
5. The supercritical CO of claim 42Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: the plugs (13) are internally and fixedly provided with a device for collecting supercritical CO respectively2Temperature T after reservoir throttling3And pressure P3The temperature sensor III (14) and the pressure sensor III (15) are respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through lines.
6. The supercritical CO according to any one of claims 2-52Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: the test unit (3) further comprises a constant pressure valve (16) and a flowmeter (17), wherein the constant pressure valve (16) and the flowmeter (17) are fixedly installed at intervals in the supercritical CO2And the pipeline between the generation unit (2) and the other end of the well completion simulation structural member (6) is respectively connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through a line.
7. The supercritical CO according to any one of claims 2-52Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: still including confined pressure control unit (18) that is used for simulation control underground reservoir effective pressure, confined pressure control unit (18) include liquid storage pot (19) and constant pressure pump (20), the export of liquid storage pot (19) constant pressure pump (20) and sample room (4) communicate through the pipeline in proper order, the entry of liquid storage pot (19) is through pipeline and instituteThe sample chamber (4) is communicated; the constant pressure pump (20) is connected with the data acquisition and analysis unit (1) through a circuit.
8. The supercritical CO of claim 72Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: one end in the sealing rubber sleeve (5) is communicated with a test waste gas collecting tank (21) through a recovery pipeline.
9. The supercritical CO according to any one of claims 2-52Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: the test unit (3) further comprises a thermostat (22), and the sample chamber (4) is erected in the thermostat (22) through a bracket (23).
10. The supercritical CO according to any one of claims 1-52Pour into shale reservoir joule-thomson effect test analogue means, its characterized in that: the supercritical CO2The generating unit (2) comprises CO which are communicated in sequence through a pipeline2A gas cylinder (24), a condenser (25), a plunger booster pump (26) and supercritical CO2A supercritical CO2 generation tank (27), wherein the outlet of the supercritical CO2 generation tank (27) is communicated with the test unit (3) through a pipeline; supercritical CO2 turns into jar (27) external fixation cover and is equipped with temperature control device (28), condenser (25) with plunger booster pump (26) respectively through the circuit with data acquisition analysis unit (1) is connected.
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