CN112877122B - 一种混凝土预制构件用脱模剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种混凝土预制构件用脱模剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112877122B CN112877122B CN202110060758.4A CN202110060758A CN112877122B CN 112877122 B CN112877122 B CN 112877122B CN 202110060758 A CN202110060758 A CN 202110060758A CN 112877122 B CN112877122 B CN 112877122B
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Classifications
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Abstract
一种混凝土预制构件用脱模剂及其制备方法,所述脱模剂由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂35~52份、阴离子型乳化剂3~8.5份、非离子型乳化剂5~12份、乙烯基树脂4~11份、饱和脂肪酸3.5~10份、醇胺类物质3.5~10份、稳定剂0.7~4份、阻锈剂0.6~3份、塑形剂0.4~3.5份、水14~32份;本发明还包括所述混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法。本发明脱模剂具有良好的成膜性、粘着性和防水性,能够使预制构件表面更加光滑,有效减少预制构件表面水波纹;本发明脱模剂长期稳定性好,产品稀释液可90d不分层,常温存放稳定性≥12个月;本发明脱模剂的制备方法简单,条件易控制,易于工业生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脱模剂及其制备方法,具体涉及一种混凝土预制构件脱模剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
伴随我国经济的快速发展,我国的建筑行业也获得了巨大的发展空间,在当前使用的施工新工艺中,预制装配式建筑施工得到了社会的广泛关注。预制装配式建筑具有生产效率高、节约劳动力、符合“四节一环保”等优点,被国家大力提倡。
装配式混凝土建筑以预制构件为主要构件,常见的预制构件种类有外墙板(“三明治”结构),内墙板,叠合板,阳台板,空调板,楼梯,隔墙板,预制梁,预制柱等。构件自身的质量是整个工程质量的关键,但因预制构件行业发展速度快、产业配套不成熟、脱模剂质量参差不齐等因素,在预制构件生产过程中,预制构件粘模、脏模、麻面等质量通病时有发生,影响预制构件的外观质量和使用安全。
现有的混凝土预制构件用脱模剂中水性脱模剂亲水性过强,难以快干成膜。在实际应用过程中,脱模剂涂覆后,耐水冲刷性能不够理想,不适用于南方多雨、潮湿的施工环境。油性脱模剂在使用过程中常常会污染混凝土预制构件表面,影响后期装饰。
CN106190512A公开了一种混凝土水性脱模剂及其制备方法,混凝土水性脱模剂的原料组分为:复合乳化剂0.2~2.5%,机油8.5~14%,水85~91%,其中复合乳化剂是由非离子表面活性剂、分散剂、成膜剂、阻绣剂、聚醚改性硅氧烷、防腐剂和乳液稳定剂复配而成;该方案采用机油作为基础油,试件容易产生色差,且主要成分是水,有效物质含量低,基本不能稀释使用,运输费用高。
CN108219910A公开了一种混凝土脱模剂,其组分为:水、废机油、环氧树脂、异构醇与环氧乙烷缩合物、聚乙二醇醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、三乙醇胺、聚丙烯,其重量百分比组成为水70~80%,处理后的废机油15~25%,环氧树脂2~3%,异构醇与环氧乙烷缩合物0.3~0.7%,聚乙二醇醚0.5~0.9%,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.5~1.2%,三乙醇胺0.1~0.2%,聚丙烯0.1~0.2%;该方案使用处理后的废机油,废机油的处理过程非常复杂,效率较低;该方案中引入了环氧树脂,环氧树脂与脱模剂的油水乳化体系并不相溶,会出现分层从而影响脱模剂的整体稳定性。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷,提供一种混凝土预制构件用脱模剂及其制备方法;该脱模剂具有良好的稳定性和脱模效果,制备方法工艺简单,易于工业生产。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:一种混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂35~52份、阴离子型乳化剂3~8.5份、非离子型乳化剂5~12份、乙烯基树脂4~11份、饱和脂肪酸3.5~10份、醇胺类物质3.5~10份、稳定剂0.7~4份、阻锈剂0.6~3份、塑形剂0.4~3.5份、水14~32份。
混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的原料的重量份数优选为:油脂38~51份、阴离子型乳化剂4~7.5份、非离子型乳化剂6~10.5份、乙烯基树脂5~9.5份、饱和脂肪酸4.5~8份、醇胺类物质4.6~8份、稳定剂1.2~3份、阻锈剂0.8~2份、塑形剂0.6~2.5份、水12~30份。
混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的原料的重量份数更优选为:油脂40~50份、阴离子型乳化剂4.5~7份、非离子型乳化剂7~10份、乙烯基树脂6~9份、饱和脂肪酸5.5~7.5份、醇胺类物质5.7~7.5份、稳定剂1.7~2.5份、阻锈剂1~1.5份、塑形剂0.8~2份、水10~28份。
优选地,所述饱和脂肪酸为软脂酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸中的一种或两种以上。
优选地,所述油脂为豆油、蓖麻油、环烷油中的一种或两种以上。
优选地,所述阴离子型乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠中的一种或两种以上。
优选地,所述非离子型乳化剂为选自Span-60(司盘60)、Span-80(司盘80)、Tween-60(吐温60)、Tween-80(吐温80)、AEO9中的一种或两种以上。
优选地,所述醇胺类物质为二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺中的一种或两种以上。
优选地,所述塑形剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二丁酯、苯甲酸酯中的一种或两种以上。
优选地,所述乙烯基树脂为标号901、907、618、CP95的乙烯基树脂中的一种或两种以上。
优选地,所述稳定剂为二月桂酸二正丁基锡或二月桂酸二正辛基锡中的一种。
优选地,所述阻锈剂为烷基咪唑啉、苯甲酸钠、JK-H2O(A)复合氨基醇中的一种。
本发明混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)30-40℃条件下,将水、油脂和阴离子型乳化剂分散均匀,加入非离子型乳化剂,恒温加速搅拌30-60min,得基底液;
(2)升温至70-80℃,在该温度条件下,向基底液中加入乙烯基树脂和饱和脂肪酸,搅拌30-60min,滴加醇胺类物质,搅拌条件下恒温反应1-2小时;
(3)继续搅拌并降温至30-40℃,加入稳定剂和塑形剂,搅拌30-60min,加入阻锈剂,加速搅拌10-30min,即成。
优选地,加速搅拌时搅拌的速度为5000~8000转/分,其他情况下搅拌的速度为1000~2000转/分;乳化效果与搅拌速度密切相关,发明人经过研究发现该搅拌方法的乳化效果好。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明引入了饱和脂肪酸和醇胺类成分,二者发生反应后使得脱模剂在表面喷涂后,成膜更致密,并具有一定防水作用,增强了成膜的延展性,并对脱模剂具有良好的增稠作用;
(2)本发明引入了乙烯基树脂和塑形剂,利用二者之间的协同增强效果,使脱模剂具有良好的成膜性、粘着性和防水性,使预制构件表面更加光滑,有效减少表面水波纹;
(3)本发明利用脂肪酸和醇胺类反应生成的无机增稠成分及有机稳定剂之间的协同增稠、分散作用,所制备的混凝土脱模剂长期稳定性良好,产品稀释液可90d不分层,常温存放稳定性≥12个月;
(4)本发明的混凝土脱模剂采用的制备方法,工艺简单,条件易控制,易于工业生产。
具体实施方式
为了加强对本发明的理解,下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述,以下各实施例并不对本发明的保护范围构成限定。
各实施例所用化学原料均为普通市售产品,均通过常规商业途径获得。
实施例1
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂46份、阴离子型乳化剂6份、非离子型乳化剂8份、乙烯基树脂8份、饱和脂肪酸7份、醇胺类物质7份、稳定剂2份、阻锈剂1.5份、塑形剂2份、水20份。其中饱和脂肪酸为软脂酸、油脂为豆油、阴离子型乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、醇胺类物质为二乙醇胺、塑形剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙烯基树脂为901树脂、非离子乳化剂为Tween-60、稳定剂为二月桂酸二正丁基锡、阻锈剂为苯甲酸钠。
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法:
(1)反应釜升温至40℃,加入20份水、46份豆油和6份十二烷基硫酸钠,分散均匀后缓慢加入8份Tween-60,然后恒温加速搅拌30min,得基底液;
(2)升温至80℃,在该温度条件下,向基底液中加入8份901乙烯基树脂和7份软脂酸搅拌45min,再滴加7份二乙醇胺,搅拌条件下恒温反应1小时;
(3)继续搅拌并降温至40℃,保持搅拌条件加入2份稳定剂和2份塑形剂,搅拌30-60min,再加入1.5份阻锈剂,继续加速搅拌20min,即成。
整个制备过程中,所述加速搅拌时搅拌的速度为7000转/分,其他情况下搅拌的速度为1500转/分。
实施例2
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂50份、阴离子型乳化剂7份、非离子型乳化剂10份、乙烯基树脂9份、饱和脂肪酸7.5份、醇胺类物质7.5份、稳定剂2.5份、阻锈剂1.5份、塑形剂1.6份、水10份。其中饱和脂肪酸为硬脂酸、油脂为蓖麻油、阴离子型乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、醇胺类物质为三乙醇胺、塑形剂为对苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙烯基树脂为907树脂、非离子乳化剂为Span-60、稳定剂为二月桂酸二正丁基锡、阻锈剂为烷基咪唑啉。
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法:
(1)反应釜升温至35℃,加入10份水、50份蓖麻油和7份十二烷基苯磺酸钠,分散均匀后缓慢加入10份Span-60,然后恒温加速搅拌30min,得基底液;
(2)升温至80℃,在该温度条件下,向基底液中加入9份907乙烯基树脂和7.5份硬脂酸搅拌45min,再滴加7.5份三乙醇胺,搅拌条件下恒温反应2小时;
(3)继续搅拌并降温至35℃,保持搅拌条件加入2.5份稳定剂和1.6份塑形剂,搅拌30-60min,再加入1.5份阻锈剂,继续加速搅拌15min,即成。
整个制备过程中,所述加速搅拌时搅拌的速度为8000转/分,其他情况下搅拌的速度为1000转/分。
实施例3
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂40份、阴离子型乳化剂4.5份、非离子型乳化剂7份、乙烯基树脂6份、饱和脂肪酸5.5份、醇胺类物质5.7份、稳定剂1.7份、阻锈剂1份、塑形剂0.8份、水28份。其中饱和脂肪酸为月桂酸、油脂为环烷油、阴离子型乳化剂为烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、醇胺类物质为三异丙醇胺、塑形剂为苯甲酸酯、乙烯基树脂为618树脂、非离子乳化剂为AEO9、稳定剂为二月桂酸二正辛基锡、阻锈剂为JK-H2O(A)复合氨基醇。
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法:
(1)反应釜升温至40℃,加入28份水、40份蓖麻油和4.5份烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠,分散均匀后缓慢加入7份AEO9,然后恒温加速搅拌60min,得基底液;
(2)升温至70℃,在该温度条件下,向基底液中加入6份618乙烯基树脂和5.5份月桂酸搅拌45min,再滴加5.7份三异丙醇胺,搅拌条件下恒温反应1小时;
(3)继续搅拌并降温至40℃,保持搅拌条件加入1.7份稳定剂和0.8份塑形剂,搅拌30-60min,再加入1.0份阻锈剂,继续加速搅拌10min,即成。
整个制备过程中,所述加速搅拌时搅拌的速度为5000转/分,其他情况下搅拌的速度为1000转/分。
实施例4
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂43份、阴离子型乳化剂5份、非离子型乳化剂7份、乙烯基树脂6份、饱和脂肪酸6份、醇胺类物质6份、稳定剂2份、阻锈剂1.2份、塑形剂1份、水24份。其中饱和脂肪酸为软脂酸、油脂为豆油、阴离子型乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠、醇胺类物质为三乙醇胺、塑形剂为对苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙烯基树脂为CP95树脂、非离子乳化剂为Span-80、稳定剂为二月桂酸二正丁基锡、阻锈剂为苯甲酸钠。
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法:
(1)反应釜升温至35℃,加入24份水、43份蓖麻油和5份十二烷基硫酸钠,分散均匀后缓慢加入7份Span-80,然后恒温加速搅拌50min,得基底液;
(2)升温至75℃,在该温度条件下,向基底液中加入6份CP95乙烯基树脂和6份软脂酸搅拌45min,再滴加6份三乙醇胺,搅拌条件下恒温反应1.5小时;
(3)继续搅拌并降温至35℃,保持搅拌条件加入2份稳定剂和1份塑形剂,搅拌30-60min,再加入1.2份阻锈剂,继续加速搅拌20min,即成。
整个制备过程中,所述加速搅拌时搅拌的速度为6000转/分,其他情况下搅拌的速度为1800转/分。
实施例5
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂46份、阴离子型乳化剂6份、非离子型乳化剂8.7份、乙烯基树脂9份、饱和脂肪酸7份、醇胺类物质7份、稳定剂2份、阻锈剂1.2份、塑形剂1.2份、水12份。其中饱和脂肪酸为硬脂酸、油脂为蓖麻油、阴离子型乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、醇胺类物质为二乙醇胺、塑形剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙烯基树脂为907树脂、非离子乳化剂为Tween-80、稳定剂为二月桂酸二正辛基锡、阻锈剂为烷基咪唑啉。
本实施例混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法:
(1)反应釜升温至30℃,加入12份水、46份蓖麻油和6份十二烷基硫酸钠,分散均匀后缓慢加入8.7份Span-80,然后恒温加速搅拌50min,得基底液;
(2)升温至80℃,在该温度条件下,向基底液中加入9份907乙烯基树脂和7份硬脂酸搅拌45min,再滴加7份二乙醇胺,搅拌条件下恒温反应2小时;
(3)继续搅拌并降温至30℃,保持搅拌条件加入2份稳定剂和1.2份塑形剂,搅拌30-60min,再加入1.2份阻锈剂,继续加速搅拌30min,即成。
整个制备过程中,所述加速搅拌时搅拌的速度为5500转/分,其他情况下搅拌的速度为2000转/分。
将实施例1~5得到的混凝土脱模剂,按JC/T949-2005《混凝土制品用脱模剂》标准进行测量,并观察脱模剂乳液状态的干燥时间、稳定性和脱模性能。结果如表1所示。
表1JC/T949-2005的标准与实施例1~5的性能测试结果
由表1可以看出,本发明实施例1~5的脱模剂在干燥时间,稳定性和脱模性能等方面都满足标准JC/T949-2005《混凝土制品用脱模剂》的要求,特别是脱模性能明显优于该标准;进一步储存试验的结果为,实施例1~5制备出的脱模剂在常温条件下存放12个月后依然保持均匀状态。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能以此限定本发明实施的范围,依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的成分制备而成:油脂35~52份、阴离子型乳化剂3~8.5份、非离子型乳化剂5~12份、乙烯基树脂4~11份、饱和脂肪酸3.5~10份、醇胺类物质3.5~10份、稳定剂0.7~4份、阻锈剂0.6~3份、塑形剂0.4~3.5份、水14~32份;
所述混凝土预制构件用脱模剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)30-40℃条件下,将水、油脂和阴离子型乳化剂分散均匀,加入非离子型乳化剂,恒温加速搅拌30-60min,得基底液;
(2)升温至70-80℃,在该温度条件下,向基底液中加入乙烯基树脂和饱和脂肪酸,搅拌30-60min,滴加醇胺类物质,搅拌条件下恒温反应1-2小时;
(3)继续搅拌并降温至30-40℃,加入稳定剂和塑形剂,搅拌30-60min,加入阻锈剂,加速搅拌10-30min,即成;
所述饱和脂肪酸为软脂酸、硬脂酸、月桂酸中的一种或两种以上;
所述醇胺类物质为二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺中的一种或两种以上;
所述塑形剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、对苯二甲酸二丁酯、苯甲酸酯中的一种或两种以上;
所述乙烯基树脂为标号901、907、618、CP95的乙烯基树脂中的一种或两种以上;
所述稳定剂为二月桂酸二正丁基锡或二月桂酸二正辛基锡中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,其特征在于,所述油脂为豆油、蓖麻油、环烷油中的一种或两种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,其特征在于,所述阴离子型乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠中的一种或两种以上;所述非离子型乳化剂为选自司盘60、司盘80、吐温60、吐温80、AEO9中的一种或两种以上。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,其特征在于,所述阻锈剂为烷基咪唑啉、苯甲酸钠、JK-H2O(A)复合氨基醇中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的混凝土预制构件用脱模剂,其特征在于,制备方法中,加速搅拌时搅拌的速度为5000~8000转/分,其他情况下搅拌的速度为1000~2000转/分。
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