CN112869225B - Method and equipment for preparing multi-variety cut stems - Google Patents
Method and equipment for preparing multi-variety cut stems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and equipment of multi-variety cut stems, belonging to the tobacco industry. According to the preparation characteristics of the traditional cut stems, the cut stems and the reconstructed cut stems, the preparation processes of the traditional cut stems, the cut stems and the reconstructed cut stems are combined, the common process is used as a main line process, the special process is used as a side line process, and the corresponding process flow is selected according to the type of the cut stems needing to be prepared at present, so that one production line has the preparation capacity of generating the cut stems with different characteristics, the process flow is simplified, the equipment investment is reduced, the investment and operation cost is reduced, and the product quality and the sensory quality are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the tobacco industry, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for preparing various cut stems.
Background
In recent years, with the gradual improvement of cut stem processing technology and equipment in the tobacco industry, the processing quality of cut stems is obviously improved, the demand is continuously increased, the variety of characteristic cut stems also begins to be diversified, but at present, the characteristic cut stem production lines are always produced in a single line, that is, a specific production line can only produce one corresponding characteristic cut stem. The three characteristic cut stems popular in the market at present are respectively traditional cut stems (thin sheet), cut stem stems (cut), reconstructed cut stem (cut) and the like.
The traditional cut stems are in expanded sheet shapes, are mainly used for blending cut tobacco of standard cigarettes, retain the original taste of the cut stems, have far quality difference with cut tobacco leaves, have small blending amount due to difference between the shapes and the cut tobacco and low fusion degree, and are generally only used for blending the cut tobacco of low-grade cigarettes. Compared with the traditional cut stems, the cut stems have different physical characteristics, form a cut shape outside the cut stems and are close to cut tobacco leaves, but the components of the cut stems are cut stem components, the turbidness is heavier during combustion, the sensory experience is not as good as that of the cut tobacco leaves, and the cut stems are commonly used in the blending of middle and low-grade cut tobacco. Compared with the traditional cut stems and the filamentary cut stems, the reconstituted cut stems have breakthrough in the components, are in the shape of filaments close to cut leaves, are also close to the cut leaves after extraction, backfilling and charging treatment, have good sensory experience, and are commonly used in the blending of medium-grade and high-grade cut tobaccos and thin-branch cut tobaccos.
The conventional traditional cut stem production line mainly produces traditional cut stems, and can not directly produce the cut stems, if the traditional cut stems are required to be continuously processed into the cut stems, the produced traditional cut stems can only be subjected to repeated cutting treatment, and the mechanical processing is carried out through a mechanical rolling and cutting mechanism, so that the processing mode is simple and rough, and the produced cut stems are extremely large in size. For another example, the physical properties and chemical properties of the reconstituted cut stems which are popular recently are highly close to those of cut leaves, so that the blending proportion of the reconstituted cut stems is greatly increased compared with the conventional cut stems and cut stems during blending, and the reconstituted cut stems can be used in high-grade cigarettes without influencing sensory experience. The existing stem reconstruction production line is more complex compared with the traditional stem threads and the filamentous stem threads, but the existing stem reconstruction threads cannot be compatible with the traditional stem threads and the filamentous stem threads. For a cigarette factory, when the cut stems with different characteristics need to be processed, different production lines are needed, namely three production lines are needed for the three characteristic cut stems to complete the task. The factory building input is big like this, and equipment input is many, and personnel arrange a large amount, have caused very big waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of multi-variety cut stems, which can realize the preparation of different cut stems on one production line.
The preparation method of the multi-variety cut stems comprises the first to the sixth section preparation processes, and can be used for preparing the traditional cut stems and the filiform cut stems, or comprises the first to the eighth section preparation processes, and can be used for preparing the traditional cut stems, the filiform cut stems and the reconstructed cut stems;
the first stage of preparation process: comprises a stem crutch removing process, a stem washing process and a steam pressurizing and stem moistening process which are sequentially carried out;
the second stage of preparation process comprises: comprises a stem pressing procedure for thinning the tobacco stems;
the third stage of preparation process: comprises a shredding process;
the fourth stage of preparation process: comprises a cut stem charging process and a cut stem expansion process which are sequentially carried out;
the fifth preparation process comprises the following steps: comprises a drying procedure;
the sixth preparation process comprises the following steps: comprises a winnowing process;
the seventh preparation process: comprises a soaking extraction process, a squeezing process and a loosening process which are sequentially carried out;
the eighth preparation process: comprises a backfilling charging process and a drying process which are sequentially carried out;
the tobacco stems output by the first stage of preparation process can be sequentially subjected to a third stage of preparation process, a fourth stage of preparation process, a fifth stage of preparation process and a sixth stage of preparation process to prepare the traditional cut stems, namely, the traditional cut stem preparation process flow is as follows: cabo → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure boost stem moistening → shredding → stem silk feeding → stem silk expansion → drying → air separation → traditional stem silk;
The tobacco stems output by the first-stage preparation process can be sequentially subjected to the second-stage preparation process and the third-stage preparation process to output cut stems, and can be sequentially subjected to the fourth-stage preparation process, the fifth-stage preparation process and the sixth-stage preparation process to prepare the cut stems, namely, the process flow of the cut stem preparation process is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) tobacco stalk → stalk crutch elimination → stalk washing → steam pressurization and stalk moistening → stalk pressing → shredding → stalk silk feeding → stalk silk expansion → drying → air separation → silk-shaped stalk silk;
the stem shreds output by the tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation process can be sequentially subjected to a second section of preparation process and a third section of preparation process, and can be sequentially subjected to a seventh section of preparation process, a fifth section of preparation process, an eighth section of preparation process and a sixth section of preparation process to prepare the reconstituted stem shreds, namely, the process flow of the reconstituted stem shreds preparation process is as follows: cabo → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure boost stem moistening → stem pressing → shredding → soaking extraction → squeezing dry → loose → dry → backfill charging → dry → winnowing → stem silk reconstruction.
Preferably, the first-stage preparation process further comprises a hemp thread removing process, wherein the hemp thread removing process is arranged before the stem and stalk removing process.
Preferably, the first stage of preparation process further comprises a storage process for realizing material buffering, wherein the storage process is arranged after the steam pressurization stem moistening process.
Preferably, the tobacco stems are subjected to accurate control of the treatment amount through the flow control unit and then sent to the first section of preparation process, and the cut stems output by the third section of preparation process are subjected to accurate control of the treatment amount through the flow control unit and then sent to the next section of preparation process.
Preferably, the water content of the tobacco stems output by the stem washing procedure is 25-31%, the water content of the tobacco stems output by the steam pressure increasing and stem moistening procedure is 28-33%, the water content of the cut stems output by the cut stem charging procedure is 34-38%, the water content of the cut stems output by the cut stem expansion procedure is 35-39%, the water content of the cut stems output by the loosening procedure is 70-76%, the water content of the cut stems output by the backfill charging procedure of the eighth preparation process is 45-58%, and the water content of the cut stems output by the drying procedure of the eighth preparation process is 11.5-12.5%, when the fifth section of preparation process is connected with the sixth section of preparation process, the moisture content of the cut stems output by the drying procedure of the fifth section of preparation process is 11.5-14.5%, when the fifth preparation process is connected with the eighth preparation process, the moisture content of the cut stems output by the drying procedure of the fifth preparation process is 20-30%.
Preferably, the drying procedure of the fifth stage preparation process adopts airflow drying, the drying time is 7-20 seconds, and the temperature of the medium air is 210-240 ℃.
Preferably, the drying procedure of the eighth preparation process adopts fluidized bed drying and heat-conducting oil cut tobacco drying, the cut stems output in the backfilling and feeding procedure enter the fluidized bed for suspension drying for 3-4 minutes, the temperature of the hot drying air is 80-130 ℃, and then the cut stems enter a heat-conducting oil cut tobacco drying machine for drying for 3-8 minutes, and the drying temperature is 80-130 ℃.
Preferably, the soaking and extracting process adopts a concurrent flow extracting mode, the soaking and extracting time is 20-50 minutes, and the temperature is between room temperature and 48 ℃.
Preferably, when the second section of preparation process is connected with the third section of preparation process, the thickness of the tobacco stems output in the stem pressing process is 0.5-1.3mm, and the thickness of the cut stems output in the cutting process is 0.07-0.18 mm.
The invention also provides a device for preparing the multi-variety cut stems, which has multiple functions of preparing traditional cut stems, cut stems in filiform, reconstituted cut stems and the like.
The preparation equipment of the multi-variety cut stems comprises first to sixth section preparation units which can be used for preparing traditional cut stems and filiform cut stems, or comprises first to eighth section preparation units which can be used for preparing traditional cut stems, filiform cut stems and reconstructed cut stems;
a first stage preparation unit: the tobacco stem cleaning and moistening device comprises a stem throw removing unit, a stem washing unit and a steam pressurizing stem moistening unit, wherein the stem throw removing unit is used for removing stem throws in tobacco stems, the stem washing unit is used for washing the tobacco stems, and the steam pressurizing stem moistening unit is used for moistening the stems;
A second stage preparation unit: comprises a stem pressing unit for pressing the stem to be thin;
a third stage preparation unit: comprises a tobacco cutting unit for cutting tobacco stems;
a fourth stage preparation unit: the device comprises a cut stem feeding unit and a cut stem expansion unit, wherein the cut stem feeding unit and the cut stem expansion unit are sequentially connected;
a fifth stage preparation unit: comprises a drying unit for drying the cut stems;
a sixth stage preparation unit: comprises an air separation unit for screening cut stems;
a seventh stage preparation unit: comprises a soaking extraction unit for soaking cut stems, a squeezing unit for squeezing out soaking liquid and a loosening unit for loosening and agglomerating the cut stems which are connected in sequence;
an eighth stage preparation unit: comprises a backfilling and feeding unit for feeding and a drying unit for drying cut stems which are connected in sequence;
the tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation unit can be sequentially processed by a third section of preparation unit, a fourth section of preparation unit, a fifth section of preparation unit and a sixth section of preparation unit to prepare traditional cut stems, namely, the traditional cut stem preparation equipment comprises: the stem crutch removing unit → the stem washing unit → the steam pressure boost stem moistening unit → the shredding unit → the stem silk feeding unit → the stem silk expansion unit → the drying unit → the winnowing unit;
The tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation unit can be sequentially processed by the second section of preparation unit and the third section of preparation unit to obtain cut stems, and the cut stems can be sequentially processed by the fourth section of preparation unit, the fifth section of preparation unit and the sixth section of preparation unit to obtain cut stems, namely, the cut stem preparation equipment comprises: the stem and crutch rejection unit → the stem washing unit → the steam pressurization and stem moistening unit → the stem pressing unit → the shredding unit → the cut stem feeding unit → the cut stem expansion unit → the drying unit → the winnowing unit;
the tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation unit can be sequentially processed by the second section of preparation unit and the third section of preparation unit to output cut stems, and can be sequentially processed by the seventh section of preparation unit, the fifth section of preparation unit, the eighth section of preparation unit and the sixth section of preparation unit to prepare reconstituted cut stems, namely, the reconstituted cut stem preparation equipment comprises: the stem crutch removing unit → the stem washing unit → the steam pressure boost stem moistening unit → the stem pressing unit → the shredding unit → the soaking and extracting unit → the squeezing unit → the loosening unit → the drying unit → the backfill feeding unit → the drying unit → the winnowing unit.
The equipment for preparing the multi-variety cut stems sets the common equipment of the three kinds of cut stems as the main line equipment, the special equipment of each kind of cut stems is used as the side line, and the side line equipment and the auxiliary connection equipment are communicated with each other.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with a single cut stem processing technology, the invention realizes one-line multipurpose and high efficiency;
(2) according to the invention, three production lines are integrated into one production line, so that the floor area of equipment is reduced, and the equipment investment is reduced;
(3) the invention adopts the prior advanced equipment, simplifies the process flow, reduces the cost and improves the product quality and the sensory quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the multi-variety characteristic cut stems of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The method for preparing the multi-variety characteristic cut stems realizes the aim of simultaneously producing the multi-variety characteristic cut stems by utilizing one production line and matching with specific equipment, and compared with the existing special production line, the one-line multi-purpose production mode greatly reduces the capital investment of diversified production of products and reduces the occupied area of the equipment.
The invention has multiple functions of preparing traditional cut stems, filamentous cut stems, reconstructed cut stems and the like. The realization mode is that the shared equipment of three kinds of cut stems is set as main line equipment, the special equipment of various cut stems is used as side line, and the side line equipment and the auxiliary line equipment are communicated with each other. When the cut stems with different characteristics are produced, the main line equipment, the special equipment for the corresponding cut stems and the corresponding auxiliary connection equipment are started, and the preparation functions of the cut stems with different characteristics are realized.
For traditional cut stem production, the shape of the cut stem is flaky, and the existing traditional cut stem production process flow is as follows: cabo → flow control → air separation and impurity removal → stem washing → primary stem moistening → primary storage → secondary stem moistening → secondary storage → cutting → flow control → moisture regain and material addition → expansion of stem filament → drying → air separation → traditional stem filament;
the traditional cut stem production process related by the invention comprises the following steps: cabo → flow control → hemp thread elimination → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure boost stem moistening → storage → cutting → flow control → stem thread addition → stem thread expansion → drying → air separation → traditional stem thread. Compared with the original process flow, the novel traditional cut stem production process increases 'stem crutch removal', so that the sensory quality of the cut stems is improved; and the simple and efficient steam pressure stem moistening is used for replacing the primary stem moistening, the primary storage, the secondary stem moistening and the secondary storage, so that the equipment investment is reduced.
For the production of the filiform cut stems, the appearance of the filiform cut stems is filiform, the physical form of the filiform cut stem production line is close to cut leaves, the process form of the existing filiform cut stem production line is mainly that the traditional cut stems of finished products are mechanically cut again on the basis of the traditional cut stem production line, the processing technology has very large crushing to the cut stems, and the production process flow is as follows: cabo → flow control → air separation and impurity removal → stem washing → primary stem moistening → primary stem storage → secondary stem moistening → secondary storage → cutting → flow control → moisture regain and material addition → stem expansion → drying → air separation → cut stem re-cutting → cut stem;
The production process of the filamentous cut stems comprises the following steps: cabo → flow control → hemp thread elimination → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure increasing stem moistening → storage → stem pressing → cutting → flow control → stem thread addition → stem thread expansion → drying → air separation → thread-shaped stem thread. The production line of the cut stem related by the invention adds a stem pressing process on the basis of a novel traditional stem, realizes thin pressing and fine cutting on the basis of improving the permeability of the stem, ensures that the thickness of a pressed sheet of the original stem is 0.5-1.3 mm (preferably 0.8mm), the thickness of a cut sheet is 0.07-0.18 mm (preferably 0.12mm), removes a re-cutting process of the original process, ensures all-cutting forming of the cut sheet, reduces breakage of the stem, and has the yield of more than or equal to 80%. In addition, the stem crutch removing is also carried out on the production line of the filamentous cut stems, so that the sensory quality of the cut stems is improved.
For the reconstructed cut stems, the cut stems form thread shapes outside the reconstructed cut stems, the physical shape and the sensory quality are close to or exceed those of cut stems, and the reconstructed cut stems production process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of tobacco stalk → flow control → hemp thread elimination → stalk crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressurization and stem moistening → storage → stem pressing → shredding → flow control → extraction → wringing (sewage treatment) → loosening → drying → backfilling and charging → drying → winnowing → stem reconstruction. The reconstructed cut stems belong to a novel cut stem production process, compared with cut stem filaments, the reconstructed cut stems are close to cut stems in physical shape, and the components of the reconstructed cut stems are reconstructed after extraction and backfill, so that the sensory quality of the cut stems is close to or exceeds that of the cut stems, the cut stems produced by the processing process greatly improve the fusion degree of the cut stems and the sensory quality of the cut stems, the use amount of the cut stems in middle-grade and high-grade cigarettes, fine cigarettes and novel cigarettes is improved, and the economic value of the cut stems is greatly improved.
With reference to fig. 1, the process flow of the present invention includes the preparation of 3 characteristic cut stems, and by switching process routes and adjusting equipment parameters, one of the 3 characteristic cut stem production lines can be arbitrarily selected for production, and the three characteristic cut stems are respectively traditional cut stems, filiform cut stems, and reconstructed cut stems.
First, traditional preparation process and equipment of cut stems
With reference to fig. 1, the process flow of the traditional cut stems is as follows: cabo → flow control → hemp thread elimination → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure boost stem moistening → storage → cutting → flow control → stem thread addition → stem thread expansion → drying → air separation → traditional stem thread. The traditional cut stem process flow comprises the following steps:
a flow rate control step: the tobacco stems are fed through the flow control unit, the flow control unit adopts the existing equipment, the structure of the flow control unit is generally in the form of a feeder, a metering pipe and an electronic scale, the flow control unit can accurately control the flow of the fed materials, and meanwhile, the weight of the fed materials in unit time can be metered.
Hemp thread removing procedure: before stem crutch removal, the tobacco stems subjected to flow control need to enter a hemp thread removing unit for hemp thread removal, hemp threads can block a screening mechanism for stem crutch removal, and the taste of cigarettes can be influenced after the hemp threads are mixed into tobacco shreds, so that adverse effects are caused to sensory experience.
Stem and crutch removing procedure: after the hemp threads are removed, the tobacco stems need to be removed, the content of lignin in the stem stalks is extremely high, if the lignin in the stem threads exceeds the standard, the taste of the cigarettes is adversely affected, and the sensory experience of the cigarettes is reduced.
The stalk turn eliminating unit preferably adopts an intelligent stalk turn eliminating system, such as the stalk turn eliminating system disclosed in the utility model patent (publication number CN 211026998U). The intelligent stem turning removing system is used for removing tobacco stems in a combined mode of a drum screen and a vision system. The tobacco stems are firstly screened according to the size through a drum screen, fine broken stems, oversized stems and sundries in the tobacco stems are screened out through the drum screen, and the remaining tobacco stems with proper size enter a visual system to be screened out according to the shape. The vision system belongs to intelligent equipment, and can analyze the shape difference of tobacco stems and stem crutches and accurately eliminate the stem crutches. Compared with the traditional stalk and crutch removing method, the method for removing the stalk and crutch through the combination of the rotary screen and the vision system has the advantages of stable equipment operation, high efficiency, high intelligent degree, more accurate removing accuracy and higher purity of the product.
A stem washing procedure: washing the stems after removing the stems turns, wherein the stem washing mainly comprises the steps of washing off impurities on the surfaces of the tobacco stems at present, primarily wetting the tobacco stems, and generally keeping the water content of 25-31% after stem washing. The stem washing unit generally adopts the existing stem washing machine, and can adopt a steam stem washing machine to increase the moistening degree of the tobacco stems under the condition of higher requirements.
Steam pressurization stem moistening: steam pressurization is carried out to moisten the stalks after washing the stalks, the steam pressurization is a characteristic process, and a characteristic device is adopted.
The traditional process needs primary steam for moistening the tobacco stems, primary storage, secondary steam for moistening the tobacco stems, secondary storage, a storage cabinet needs a material distribution travelling crane and has a stir-frying function, and the storage time is long after each steam moistening of the tobacco stems, so that the original process is not only complex in equipment, but also needs long time for storage in order to thoroughly moisten the tobacco stems, and the production efficiency is low. The steam pressurization stem moistening unit adopts a steam pressurization stem moistening machine, such as a steam stem moistening device disclosed in a utility model patent (publication number CN 201691038U). The steam pressurization tobacco stem moisture regaining machine is characterized in that tobacco stems are introduced into a spiral propeller with steam, a special steam lock is arranged at a material inlet and a material outlet of the spiral propeller, and the special steam lock can lock a shell with 0.1-0.25 MPa steam pressure so as to keep the steam pressure of 0.1-0.25 MPa under the conditions of continuous feeding and continuous discharging. During normal use, the tobacco stems in the spiral propeller are directly contacted with steam, the lower part of the spiral propeller is provided with a water filter screen, all condensed water is drained by a drain valve, the tobacco stems are ensured to be steamed but not boiled in the spiral propeller, and the internal temperature of the spiral propeller is adjustable and controllable between 110 and 170 ℃. The tobacco stems can rapidly relax the capillary water channel under the action of high temperature and high pressure to achieve the effect of rapid moistening, and after the stems are moistened by steam pressure, the thermal sensitivity of the tobacco stems is not high, so that the fiber components of the tobacco stems cannot be damaged under the action of high temperature and high pressure. Compared with the traditional stem moistening process, the steam pressure stem moistening process has the advantages that the equipment composition is much simpler, the moistening effect of the tobacco stems is good, and the moistening time is short. Generally, the time for moistening the tobacco stems by steam pressure to thoroughly moisten the tobacco stems is 3-7min, the moisture content is 28-33%, the tobacco stems can be immediately moistened and used, and compared with the traditional process, a batch of equipment such as a storage cabinet is saved.
A storage process: the steam-pressure stem moistening is carried out and then stored in the storage unit, and because the steam-pressure stem moistening effect is far better than that of the traditional stem moistening, and the moistening property and the moisture uniformity of the tobacco stems reach an ideal state, the storage mainly plays a role in providing material buffering for the next procedure, so that no material accumulation and material stop are caused after the steam-pressure stem moistening in the continuous production process, and the subsequent continuous and smooth production can be carried out.
A shredding procedure: for the cut and reconstituted cut stems, the stem pressing is started in the next step after storage, but for the conventional cut stems, the cutting is started in the next step after storage. The shredding unit generally adopts the existing shredding equipment, and the traditional cut stems are not subjected to stem pressing treatment, so that the cut stems of the shredding machine are in a thin slice state.
A flow rate control step: the tobacco stems are cut into shreds and then enter the flow control unit, similarly, the flow control unit also adopts the form of a material machine, a metering pipe and an electronic scale, the feeding machine has a certain buffer function, the metering pipe is matched with the belt scale to quantitatively feed materials, and meanwhile, the weight of the fed materials in unit time can be measured.
A stem shred feeding process: the stem feeding unit generally adopts the existing feeding equipment, preferably a roller moisture regaining feeder, and the moisture content of the stem after moisture regaining feeding is generally 34-38%.
A stem expansion process: the stem shreds are expanded after being remoistened and fed, a flash steaming machine is generally adopted as a stem shred expansion unit, and the water content of the expanded stem shreds is generally 35-39%.
And (3) drying: the stem silk after inflation need get rid of moisture and carry out drying process, in order to compromise the production of reconstruction stem silk, the drying unit chooses for use "stem silk low-speed air current drying system", for example the novel stem silk fluidized drying machine that utility model patent (publication number CN2616873Y) disclosed. The drying time of the low-speed airflow drying system for the cut stems is generally 7-20 seconds, and the temperature of the medium air is 210-240 ℃. Compared with the traditional equipment, the cut stem dried by the low-speed pneumatic drying system for the cut stem has the advantages of higher filling value, better moisture uniformity, short drying path, low wind speed, low breaking, low energy consumption and compact equipment structure, and the moisture of the dried cut stem is generally 11.5-14.5%.
Winnowing process: and (4) drying and then carrying out air separation, wherein the air separation has the function of separating out qualified expanded cut stems and removing impurities such as cut stems and cut stems which are not expanded well. The winnowing unit is preferably a refined multistage winnowing system which is used for carrying out primary and primary winnowing on the cut stems in a form of parallel winnowing chambers and serial material channels and is characterized in that the winnowing gas-material ratio is 10:1, the winnowing efficiency is not less than 95%, the refined winnowing purity is not less than 99.7%, the energy consumption of circulating air taking is low, and the structure is reasonable and the size is small. The qualified cut stems after air separation are the traditional cut stems of the final product.
Process and equipment for preparing filiform cut stems
The physical form of the filiform cut stems is different from that of the traditional cut stems, and the traditional cut stems are flaky, while the filiform cut stems are filiform. The filamentous cut stems are closer to the cut leaves in physical form, have high fusion degree with the cut leaves and are easy to wrap.
With reference to fig. 1, the process flow of the cut stems is as follows: cabo → flow control → hemp thread elimination → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure increasing stem moistening → storage → stem pressing → cutting → flow control → stem thread addition → stem thread expansion → drying → air separation → thread-shaped stem thread.
Compared with the traditional cut stem process, the cut stem process has the advantage that a process of pressing stems is added before cutting the cut stems, and the stem pressing unit is a stem pressing machine. The thickness of the tobacco stems subjected to stem pressing is only 0.5-1.3 mm (preferably 0.8mm), the thickness of the cut tobacco stems is 0.07-0.18 mm (preferably 0.12mm), the're-cutting' process of the original process is eliminated, the cut tobacco is ensured to be formed, the cut tobacco stems are reduced, the breakage of the cut tobacco stems is reduced, and the yield can reach more than or equal to 80%. Besides, the treatment process of the filiform cut stems is basically the same as that of the traditional cut stems.
Preparation process and equipment of reconstituted cut stems
In addition to their physical form differences, the reconstituted cut rolled stems also have their internal components changed relative to traditional cut rolled stems. The reconstructed cut stems are the same in physical form compared with the cut stems, and the difference is that the internal components are changed, specifically, the reconstructed cut stems are characterized in that the original cut stems components in the cut stems are washed white by an extraction mode on the basis of the appearance of the cut stems, unnecessary components are removed, and the wanted cut stem components (extracted from leftover materials of a cut stem production line) are added into the cut stems by a feeding and backfilling method, so that the cut stems are the same as the cut stems in physical form, and the sensory experience of the cut stems is basically the same as the cut stems. The processing technology further enhances the fusion degree of the cut stems and the cut leaves, and provides necessary conditions for blending the cut stems into the high-quality cigarettes.
With reference to fig. 1, the process flow of stem shred reconstruction is as follows: the method comprises the steps of tobacco stem → flow control → hemp thread elimination → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressurization stem moistening → storage → stem pressing → cutting → flow control → extraction → wringing (sewage treatment) → loosening → drying → backfilling and charging → drying → winnowing → stem reconstruction. The processing mode of the reconstructed cut stems is the same as that of the cut stems from the step 1 to the step 10, but the cut stems are fed in the next step of the step 10, and the reconstructed cut stems are extracted.
An extraction process: when the cut stems are extracted, the soaking extraction unit is preferably a continuous downstream extraction unit, the cut stems need to be properly soaked in extraction equipment, the cut stem extraction process is a downstream extraction mode, the cut stems fully absorb an extraction medium, the extraction medium is preferably water, the soaking extraction time is 20-50 minutes, and the extraction temperature is between room temperature and 48 ℃.
A squeezing process: and (3) squeezing out the extraction solution in the cut stems completely to make the cut stems become white paper. The squeezing unit is preferably a high-frequency vibration dehydrator plus a chain plate type squeezing machine.
The high-frequency vibration dehydrator dehydrates the cut stems rapidly through high-frequency vibration, the dehydrated cut stems have high water content and good flexibility, and the dehydrated cut stems enter the chain plate type wringing machine to wring the water content as much as possible under the extrusion effect of the chain plates which move oppositely. After being treated by a high-frequency vibration dehydrator and a chain plate type squeezer, the moisture of the cut stems is generally 70-76%. A large amount of tobacco stalk components are also contained in the soaking liquid extruded by the squeezing process, and the solution cannot be directly discharged according to the environmental protection requirement and needs sewage treatment. The sewage treatment equipment is preferably a spray dryer, and the spray drying can dry the soak solution into powder, and the dry powder is convenient to transport and treat. The stem shreds are agglomerated under the action of extrusion force when being squeezed to be dry, but the stem shreds are not broken under the action of the extrusion force because the moisture content of the stem shreds is high and the flexibility is good.
Loosening: the next process of the agglomerated cut stems is to loosen, a loosening unit is preferably a loosening machine, and the loosening machine adopts a flexible material stirring rod as a spiral propeller, so that the breakage of the cut stems is reduced during loosening. The water content of the stem shreds after loosening treatment is 70-76%.
And (3) drying: drying after loosening, wherein the drying unit adopts a 'cut stem low-speed airflow drying system', the drying time of the 'cut stem low-speed airflow drying system' is generally 7-20 seconds, and the temperature of the medium air is 210-240 ℃. The moisture of the dried stem shreds is generally 20-30%.
Backfilling and feeding: after drying, the cut stems are backfilled and fed, wherein the backfilling and feeding are to add cut leaf components to be added into dry white paper, so that the cut stems are closer to the cut leaves from the composition, and the reconstruction process of the cut stems is realized.
The backfill feeding unit is preferably a backfill feeding machine which is similar to a loosening machine and also adopts a flexible stirring rod as a spiral propeller, so that the breaking of cut stems is reduced during loosening, meanwhile, a nozzle is arranged on a rotating shaft, the backfill can be uniformly sprayed on the material, and then the backfill is uniformly stirred by the stirring propulsion of the stirring rod. After backfilling and feeding, the moisture content of the cut stems is 45-58%.
And (3) drying: and (3) drying the backfilled and charged cut stems in the next step, wherein the drying is carried out at a low temperature for keeping fragrance so as to prevent the fragrance of the non-return filler from volatilizing due to high temperature. The drying unit preferably adopts a fluidized bed and an intelligent heat-conducting oil cut tobacco dryer.
After backfilling and feeding, the viscosity of the surface of the cut stems is very high, the cut stems can be dried in a suspended state in a fluidized bed by adopting fluidized bed drying, the problem that the viscous cut stems are directly contacted with equipment to stick to the wall is avoided, the drying time of the fluidized bed is 3-4 minutes, the temperature of drying hot air is 80-130 ℃, and after the cut stems are dried by the fluidized bed, the surface moisture of the cut stems is reduced, and the viscosity is reduced; the intelligent heat-conducting oil cut-tobacco drier has the advantages of high thermal efficiency, uniform heat distribution, simple pipeline, wide temperature application range, and 80-130 ℃ of drying temperature, and the intelligent heat-conducting oil cut-tobacco drier can dry cut stems for 3-8 minutes. The tobacco shred drying is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed and an intelligent heat-conducting oil tobacco shred drying machine, the drying temperature is low, the heating is uniform, the volatilization of aroma components is avoided, and the tobacco shred drying with low-temperature aroma retention is effectively realized. After drying, the moisture of the cut stems is reduced to 11.5-12.5%, and the material properties and the components of the cut stems are changed compared with those of the original stems, so the cut stems are called as 'reconstructed cut stems'.
Winnowing: the reconstructed cut stems are dried and then winnowed in the next process, and the winnowed unit preferably selects a refined multistage winnowed system as the traditional cut stems and cut stem filaments. And (4) winnowing the qualified cut stems to obtain the final product reconstructed cut stems.
The above examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalents can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and equivalents fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (15)
1. The utility model provides a preparation equipment of many varieties stalk silk which characterized in that: the preparation equipment comprises first to sixth section preparation units, wherein the first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth section preparation units are sequentially connected for preparing traditional cut stems, and the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth section preparation units are sequentially connected for preparing filiform cut stems; or the preparation equipment comprises first to eight section preparation units, wherein the first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth section preparation units are sequentially connected for preparing traditional cut stems, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth section preparation units are sequentially connected for preparing filiform cut stems, and the first, second, third, seventh, fifth, eighth and sixth section preparation units are sequentially connected for preparing reconstructed cut stems;
A first stage preparation unit: the tobacco stem cleaning and moistening device comprises a stem throw removing unit, a stem washing unit and a steam pressurizing stem moistening unit, wherein the stem throw removing unit is used for removing stem throws in tobacco stems, the stem washing unit is used for washing the tobacco stems, and the steam pressurizing stem moistening unit is used for moistening the stems;
a second stage preparation unit: comprises a stem pressing unit for pressing the stem to be thin;
a third stage preparation unit: comprises a tobacco cutting unit for cutting tobacco stems;
a fourth stage preparation unit: the device comprises a cut stem feeding unit and a cut stem expansion unit, wherein the cut stem feeding unit and the cut stem expansion unit are sequentially connected;
a fifth stage preparation unit: comprises a drying unit for drying the cut stems;
a sixth stage preparation unit: comprises an air separation unit for screening cut stems;
a seventh stage preparation unit: comprises a soaking extraction unit for soaking cut stems, a squeezing unit for squeezing out soaking liquid and a loosening unit for loosening and agglomerating the cut stems which are connected in sequence;
an eighth stage preparation unit: comprises a backfilling and feeding unit for feeding and a drying unit for drying cut stems which are connected in sequence;
the tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation unit can be sequentially processed by a third section of preparation unit, a fourth section of preparation unit, a fifth section of preparation unit and a sixth section of preparation unit to prepare traditional cut stems, namely, the traditional cut stem preparation equipment comprises: the stem crutch removing unit → the stem washing unit → the steam pressure boost stem moistening unit → the shredding unit → the stem silk feeding unit → the stem silk expansion unit → the drying unit → the winnowing unit;
The tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation unit can be sequentially processed by the second section of preparation unit and the third section of preparation unit to obtain cut stems, and the cut stems can be sequentially processed by the fourth section of preparation unit, the fifth section of preparation unit and the sixth section of preparation unit to obtain cut stems, namely, the cut stem preparation equipment comprises: the stem and crutch rejection unit → the stem washing unit → the steam pressurization and stem moistening unit → the stem pressing unit → the shredding unit → the cut stem feeding unit → the cut stem expansion unit → the drying unit → the winnowing unit;
the tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation unit can be sequentially processed by the second section of preparation unit and the third section of preparation unit to output cut stems, and can be sequentially processed by the seventh section of preparation unit, the fifth section of preparation unit, the eighth section of preparation unit and the sixth section of preparation unit to prepare reconstituted cut stems, namely, the reconstituted cut stem preparation equipment comprises: the stem crutch removing unit → the stem washing unit → the steam pressure boost stem moistening unit → the stem pressing unit → the shredding unit → the soaking and extracting unit → the squeezing unit → the loosening unit → the drying unit → the backfill feeding unit → the drying unit → the winnowing unit.
2. The device for preparing the cut stems of various varieties according to claim 1, wherein: the first section of preparation unit also comprises a hemp thread removing unit for removing hemp threads, and the output of the hemp thread removing unit is connected with the stem crutch removing unit.
3. The device for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 1, wherein: the first section preparation unit also comprises a storage unit for buffering materials, and the output of the steam pressurizing stem moistening unit is connected with the storage unit.
4. The apparatus for preparing multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the tobacco stem processing device comprises a first section of preparation unit, a second section of preparation unit, a first flow control unit and a second flow control unit, wherein the tobacco stem is sent into the first section of preparation unit after the first flow control unit accurately controls the processing amount, and the cut stem output by the third section of preparation unit is sent into the next section of preparation unit after the second flow control unit accurately controls the processing amount.
5. The apparatus for preparing multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: and the drying unit of the fifth section preparation unit is a cut stem low-speed airflow drying system.
6. The apparatus for preparing multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the drying unit of the eighth preparation unit comprises a fluidized bed and a heat-conducting oil cut tobacco dryer, and cut stems firstly flow into the fluidized bed to be suspended and dried and then flow into the heat-conducting oil cut tobacco dryer to be dried.
7. A preparation method of multi-variety cut stems is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is realized by adopting the equipment for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems of any one of claims 1 to 6,
The first-stage preparation process realized by the first-stage preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a stem crutch removing process, a stem washing process and a steam pressurizing stem moistening process which are sequentially carried out;
the second-stage preparation process realized by the second-stage preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a stem pressing procedure for thinning the tobacco stems;
the third stage of preparation process realized by the third stage of preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a shredding process;
the fourth stage preparation process realized by the fourth stage preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a cut stem charging process and a cut stem expansion process which are sequentially carried out;
the fifth stage preparation process realized by the fifth stage preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a drying procedure;
the sixth section of preparation process realized by the sixth section of preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a winnowing process;
the seventh preparation process realized by the seventh preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a soaking extraction process, a squeezing process and a loosening process which are sequentially carried out;
the eighth preparation process realized by the eighth preparation unit comprises the following steps: comprises a backfilling charging process and a drying process which are sequentially carried out;
the tobacco stems output by the first stage of preparation process can be sequentially subjected to a third stage of preparation process, a fourth stage of preparation process, a fifth stage of preparation process and a sixth stage of preparation process to prepare the traditional cut stems, namely, the traditional cut stem preparation process flow is as follows: cabo → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure boost stem moistening → shredding → stem silk feeding → stem silk expansion → drying → air separation → traditional stem silk;
The tobacco stems output by the first-stage preparation process can be sequentially subjected to the second-stage preparation process and the third-stage preparation process to output cut stems, and can be sequentially subjected to the fourth-stage preparation process, the fifth-stage preparation process and the sixth-stage preparation process to prepare the cut stems, namely, the process flow of the cut stem preparation process is as follows: cabo → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure boost stem moistening → stem pressing → cutting → stem silk charging → stem silk expansion → drying → air separation → silk-like stem silk;
the stem shreds output by the tobacco stems output by the first section of preparation process can be sequentially subjected to a second section of preparation process and a third section of preparation process, and can be sequentially subjected to a seventh section of preparation process, a fifth section of preparation process, an eighth section of preparation process and a sixth section of preparation process to prepare the reconstituted stem shreds, namely, the process flow of the reconstituted stem shreds preparation process is as follows: cabo → stem crutch elimination → stem washing → steam pressure boost stem moistening → stem pressing → shredding → soaking extraction → squeezing dry → loose → dry → backfill charging → dry → winnowing → stem silk reconstruction.
8. The method for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first section of preparation process also comprises a hemp thread removing procedure which is arranged before the stem and crutch removing procedure.
9. The method for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first stage of preparation process also comprises a storage procedure for realizing material buffering, wherein the storage procedure is arranged after the steam pressurization stem moistening procedure.
10. The method for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tobacco stems are subjected to accurate control of the treatment amount through the flow control unit and then sent to the first section of preparation process, and the cut stems output by the third section of preparation process are subjected to accurate control of the treatment amount through the flow control unit and then sent to the next section of preparation process.
11. The method for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water content of the tobacco stems output by the stem washing procedure is 25-31%, the water content of the tobacco stems output by the steam pressure increasing and stem moistening procedure is 28-33%, the water content of the cut stems output by the cut stem charging procedure is 34-38%, the water content of the cut stems output by the cut stem expansion procedure is 35-39%, the water content of the cut stems output by the loosening procedure is 70-76%, the water content of the cut stems output by the backfill charging procedure of the eighth preparation process is 45-58%, and the water content of the cut stems output by the drying procedure of the eighth preparation process is 11.5-12.5%, when the fifth section of preparation process is connected with the sixth section of preparation process, the moisture content of the cut stems output by the drying procedure of the fifth section of preparation process is 11.5-14.5%, when the fifth preparation process is connected with the eighth preparation process, the moisture content of the cut stems output by the drying procedure of the fifth preparation process is 20-30%.
12. The method for preparing the cut stems of multiple varieties according to the claims 7, 8 or 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying procedure of the fifth section of preparation process adopts airflow drying, the drying time is 7-20 seconds, and the temperature of the medium air is 210-240 ℃.
13. The method for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying procedure of the eighth preparation process adopts fluidized bed drying and heat conducting oil cut tobacco drying, the cut stems output in the backfilling and feeding procedure enter the fluidized bed for suspension drying for 3-4 minutes, the temperature of the hot drying air is 80-130 ℃, and then the cut stems enter a heat conducting oil cut tobacco drying machine for drying for 3-8 minutes, and the drying temperature is 80-130 ℃.
14. The method for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the soaking and extracting process adopts a concurrent flow extracting mode, the soaking and extracting time is 20-50 minutes, and the temperature is between room temperature and 48 ℃.
15. The method for preparing the multi-variety cut rolled stems according to claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the second section of preparation process is connected with the third section of preparation process, the thickness of the tobacco stems output in the stem pressing process is 0.5-1.3mm, and the thickness of the cut stems output in the cutting process is 0.07-0.18 mm.
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