CN112868901A - Novel process method for producing biological protein feed raw material by using kitchen waste - Google Patents
Novel process method for producing biological protein feed raw material by using kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a brand-new process method for producing a biological protein feed raw material by using kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a grinder for grinding; adding an additive with the water content lower than that of the kitchen waste and a strain for generating a biochemical reaction into the crushed kitchen waste, and fully mixing; conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a biochemical treatment unit for treatment, and controlling the temperature, the humidity, the ventilation intensity, the wind pressure and the treatment time of the biochemical treatment unit according to the condition of biochemical reaction; and conveying the kitchen waste treated by the biochemical treatment unit to a separation unit for separation to prepare a biological protein feed raw material. The subtraction treatment (oil-water removal) of the original process is changed into addition treatment (water-absorbing plant powder is added), so that all nutrient components of the kitchen waste are completely utilized, sorting is not needed, no sewage or odor is discharged, the method is simple, and the energy consumption is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to a brand-new process method for producing a biological protein feed raw material by kitchen waste.
Background
According to preliminary statistics, the kitchen waste accounts for 37% -62% of the domestic waste in China. The quantity is hundreds of millions of tons, and two hundred million people can be kept by food wasted by kitchen waste every year in China. On one hand, the feed is astonishingly wasted and on the other hand, the feed is imported at a huge cost, the feed amount in China is 6 hundred million t at present, and the total yield is only 1.81 hundred million t. The huge demand gap can only be filled directly by imported feed or grains of people, so that the embarrassing situation of 'people and livestock fight for grains' in China is caused, and the quantity of imported protein feed accounts for 70% of the total quantity every year. The development of the breeding industry is seriously restricted by the shortage of feed and the high price.
From the nutrition perspective, the kitchen waste is rich in protein, fat and various trace elements, the protein and energy level is approximately between that of corn and bean pulp, and the kitchen waste is a high-energy high-protein high-quality feed raw material. The content of nutrient components of the kitchen waste can completely meet the basic requirement of the kitchen waste as a feed raw material, the kitchen waste has wide sources, is mainly concentrated in residential areas, restaurants, dining halls of all enterprises and public institutions, food processing factories and the like, the daily production amount is large, and in addition, the kitchen waste has low cost.
The current treatment method for kitchen waste in China comprises the following steps: burying, burning and preparing organic fertilizer. The methods of landfill and incineration are huge waste of resources. In the past, kitchen waste is treated to prepare organic fertilizer, and the following processes are generally adopted:
referring to the attached drawing 1, after impurities in a manual room are sorted and cleaned, solid-liquid separation is carried out on kitchen waste, solid can be made into feed or organic fertilizer after biochemical treatment, oil-water separation is carried out on liquid after solid-liquid separation, the obtained grease is used as biodiesel and the like, and sewage is discharged after treatment.
The process has the following disadvantages:
1. the manual sorting working condition is poor, and the environment is severe, so that the health of workers is influenced;
2. the investment and energy consumption of solid-liquid separation equipment are large;
3. the separated liquid contains a large amount of nutrient substances, which causes waste;
4. the obtained grease is easy to become illegal raw materials of the illegal cooking oil;
5. the cost is higher from sewage treatment to marking discharge standard.
And step two, referring to the attached drawing 2, the kitchen waste is subjected to solid-liquid separation after impurities in the manual workshop are sorted, the obtained liquid is subjected to oil-water separation, and the oil obtained after the oil-water separation is used for biodiesel and other purposes. The obtained sewage and the solid obtained by solid-liquid separation enter an anaerobic fermentation unit to be used for producing methane. And performing solid-liquid separation on the solid-liquid mixture after the biogas is produced, preparing organic fertilizer from solid matters, and treating the sewage to reach the standard and discharging.
The process has the following disadvantages:
1. the manual sorting working condition is poor, and the environment is severe, so that the health of workers is influenced;
2. the investment and energy consumption of solid-liquid separation equipment are large;
3. the separated liquid contains a large amount of nutrient substances, which causes waste;
4. the obtained grease is easy to become illegal raw materials of the illegal cooking oil;
5. the cost is higher from sewage treatment to marking discharge standard;
6. the process is complex, the failure rate is high, and the product value is low.
There are two main ways to feed kitchen waste: preparing feed by dehydration and preparing protein feed by biochemistry.
The method for producing the dry feed by dehydration treatment comprises the following steps: conventional high-temperature dehydration, fermentation dehydration and deep-frying dehydration.
The main problems of the above-mentioned method are:
1. there is a so-called risk of homologous contamination;
2. the salt content is high, and the salt content of the feed is generally 2 times of the value;
3. the energy consumption is huge;
4. the liquid of solid-liquid separation means that a large amount of nutrient components are wasted.
The biochemical protein feed processing technology is approximately as follows: performing pretreatment (dehydration, impurity removal, crushing, desalting and the like), adding probiotics into the solid matters, performing solid fermentation treatment, modulating and drying to obtain the protein feed finally; the liquid substances are subjected to oil-water separation to finally obtain industrial grease and wastewater, the wastewater is treated and discharged into a sewage pipe network, and the grease is used as a chemical raw material.
In summary, the common problems of the prior art are as follows:
1. manual sorting of impurities is required;
2. the solid-liquid separation is needed to cause resource waste;
3. the finished product has high salt content;
4. the energy consumption is high;
5. the process flow is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a brand-new process method for producing a biological protein feed raw material by using kitchen waste, and solves the problems of manual impurity picking, solid-liquid separation, high salt content of a finished product, high energy consumption, complex process flow and the like in the conventional kitchen waste treatment process.
The invention provides a brand new process method for producing biological protein feed raw materials by using kitchen waste, which sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a grinder for grinding;
s2, adding an additive with the water content lower than that of the kitchen waste and a strain for generating biochemical reaction into the crushed kitchen waste, and fully mixing;
s3, conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a biochemical treatment unit for treatment, and controlling the temperature, humidity, ventilation intensity, wind pressure and treatment time of the biochemical treatment unit according to the condition of biochemical reaction;
s4, conveying the kitchen waste treated by the biochemical treatment unit to a separation unit for separation to obtain a biological protein feed raw material.
Preferably, the water content of the kitchen waste crushed in the step 2 is 15-99%.
Preferably, the additive in step 2 is plant powder.
Preferably, the water content of the kitchen waste added with the additive in the step 2 is 10-80%.
Preferably, the strain in step 2 is one or more of spore bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, filamentous bacteria, EM bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae.
Preferably, in step 3, the temperature of the biochemical treatment unit is controlled to be 15-75 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 30-95%, and the ventilation intensity is controlled to be 100-50000 m of air volume3H, the wind pressure is less than or equal to 3 Mpa.
Preferably, the kitchen waste after biochemical treatment in the step 4 is conveyed to a sorting unit, so that combustible materials, waste steel and other impurities are sorted out besides the raw materials for preparing the biological protein feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. changing the subtraction treatment (removing oil and water) of the original process into addition treatment (adding water absorption additives) to fully utilize all nutrient components of the kitchen waste;
2. sundries do not need to be sorted manually, the output is automatically classified, manpower and material resources are saved, and the environmental pollution is reduced;
3. solid-liquid separation is not needed, and all nutrient components of the solid liquid are fully utilized;
4. no sewage is discharged, and water in the garbage and water generated by biochemical reaction are discharged in the form of condensed water;
5. no odor is discharged, biochemical reaction is carried out in a closed tank body, air flow is internally circulated, and no waste gas overflows;
6. under the action of beneficial bacteria and internal environment, pathogenic microorganisms are effectively inhibited and eliminated, and the problem of homologous pollution is solved;
7. the added additive for water absorption is processed by the process, so that the nutritive value is greatly improved, and the additive is added in value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a kitchen waste treatment method in the prior art,
figure 2 is another flow chart of the prior art for treating kitchen waste,
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 3, the brand new process method for producing bioprotein feed raw materials by using kitchen waste of this embodiment sequentially includes the following steps:
s1, conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a grinder for grinding, wherein the kitchen waste does not need to be sorted and directly enters the grinder for grinding, and the water content of the ground kitchen waste is generally 15-99%.
And S2, adding an additive with the water content lower than that of the kitchen waste and a strain for generating biochemical reaction into the crushed kitchen waste, and fully mixing. The purpose of adding the additive is to adjust the water content of the kitchen waste, and the water content of the kitchen waste after the additive is added is controlled to be 10-80%, preferably 70%. The added strains refer to all beneficial bacteria which can decompose complex components in the kitchen waste, deodorize, kill or inhibit harmful bacteria, degrade toxins, improve the appearance and smell of materials, improve the safety of protein powder products and the like.
S3, conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a biochemical treatment unit for treatment, and controlling the temperature, humidity, ventilation intensity, wind pressure and treatment time of the biochemical treatment unit according to the condition of biochemical reaction; the biochemical treatment unit is a container or an occasion which can store mixed materials and has the functions of feeding, stirring and discharging, and the control of the temperature, the humidity, the ventilation intensity, the wind pressure, the treatment time and the like of the biochemical treatment unit is completed by controlling the adjusting unit. The main machine of the control and regulation unit of the embodiment adopts an air energy dryer.
S4, conveying the kitchen waste treated by the biochemical treatment unit to a separation unit for separation to obtain a biological protein feed raw material. This embodiment selects the device disclosed in the patent application No. 202020976006.5 for sorting.
As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, in step 2, the additive is plant powder, and the plant powder is preferably one or a mixture of straw powder, rice bran, rice hull powder, grass meal, alfalfa powder, corn flour, bean pulp, peanut cake, distiller's grains, peanut hull powder, vegetable powder, wheat bran, ground rice flour, and flour. The plant powder has low water content, and can be used for feeding animals, wherein the specific addition of the plant powder can be determined according to the animal species fed by the biological protein feed raw material, and the addition amount is based on the adjustment that the water content of the kitchen waste is lower than about 70%.
In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, in step 2, the bacteria is one or more of bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, filamentous bacteria, EM bacteria, aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae. Preferably yeast, EM bacteria, lactobacillus, bacillus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae.
As a preferred embodiment of this example, in step 3, the temperature of the biochemical treatment unit is controlled to 15-75 deg.C, the humidity is controlled to 30-95%, and the ventilation intensity is controlled to 100-50000 m3H, the wind pressure is less than or equal to 3 Mpa.
As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the kitchen waste after biochemical treatment in step 4 is transported to a sorting unit, and combustible materials, waste steel and other impurities are sorted out in addition to the raw material for preparing the biological protein feed. Wherein the bioprotein feed stock can be further processed to form a commodity. The combustible materials are plastic bags, napkins, chopsticks and the like. The waste steel and iron are iron substances such as wine bottle caps, waste tableware and the like. Other impurities include wine bottle glass, broken tableware, etc.
Example 1:
900kg of kitchen waste of medium-sized Lucai restaurant is taken, crushed by a crusher and mixed with 200kg of peanut shell powder, and 100g of yeast agent, 100g of bacillus subtilis agent and 300g of EM agent are added.
Stage one, controlling the temperature at 30 degrees and wind power at 6000m3H, wind pressure of 120Pa, and working for 2 hours;
stage two, temperature control 45 degrees, wind power 7000m3H, wind pressure 200Pa, working for 10 hours;
stage three, controlling the temperature to 55 degrees and controlling the wind power to 9000m3H, wind pressure 200Pa, working for 10 hours;
final output: 429kg of biological protein feed raw materials, 4.6kg of waste steel sundries, 26kg of combustible substances and 265kg of recovered condensed water.
Example 2:
1000kg of restaurant garbage in middle school canteens is taken, crushed by a crusher and mixed with 300kg of alfalfa powder, and 200g of candida tropicalis microbial inoculum, 2000g of bacillus subtilis microbial inoculum, 500g of EM microbial inoculum and 100g of aspergillus niger are added.
Stage one, temperature control 35 degrees, wind power 7000m3H, wind pressure of 150Pa, and working for 4 hours;
stage two, controlling the temperature to 55 degrees and the wind power to 8000m3H, wind pressure 230Pa, work for 8 hours;
stage three, controlling the temperature at 65 degrees and wind power at 9000m3H, wind pressure 250pa, work for 12 hours;
final output: 501kg of biological protein feed raw materials, 2.4kg of waste steel sundries, 18kg of combustible materials and 198kg of recovered condensed water.
Claims (7)
1. A brand new process method for producing biological protein feed raw materials by using kitchen waste is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
s1, conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a grinder for grinding;
s2, adding an additive with the water content lower than that of the kitchen waste and a strain for generating biochemical reaction into the crushed kitchen waste, and fully mixing;
s3, conveying the mixed kitchen waste to a biochemical treatment unit for treatment, and controlling the temperature, humidity and ventilation intensity of the biochemical treatment unit according to the condition of biochemical reaction;
s4, conveying the kitchen waste treated by the biochemical treatment unit to a separation unit for separation to obtain a biological protein feed raw material.
2. The brand-new process method for producing the biological protein feed raw material by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) the water content of the kitchen waste crushed in the step (2) is 15-99%.
3. The brand-new process method for producing the biological protein feed raw material by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and 2, the additive is plant powder.
4. The brand-new process method for producing the biological protein feed raw material by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and (3) the water content of the kitchen waste added with the additive in the step 2 is 10-80%.
5. The brand-new process method for producing the biological protein feed raw material by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the step 2, the strain is one or a mixture of more of bacillus, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, filamentous fungi, EM (effective microorganisms), aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae.
6. The brand-new process method for producing the biological protein feed raw material by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in step 3, the temperature of the biochemical treatment unit is controlled to be 15-75 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 30-95%, and the ventilation intensity is that the air volume is controlled to be 100-50000 m3H, the wind pressure is less than or equal to 3 Mpa.
7. The brand-new process method for producing the biological protein feed raw material by using the kitchen waste according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and 4, conveying the kitchen waste subjected to biochemical treatment to a sorting unit, and sorting out combustible substances, waste steel and other impurities besides the biological protein feed raw material.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114015595A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 中铁上海工程局集团市政环保工程有限公司 | Sludge-based biochar composite microbial agent for efficiently decomposing kitchen waste and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN101999516A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-04-06 | 北京机电院高技术股份有限公司 | Method for preparing biological protein feed from food wastes |
| CN104543340A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-29 | 天津德为环保工程设备有限公司 | Protein feed preparation method using kitchen wastes |
| CN105851462A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-08-17 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for producing biological protein feed by performing fermentation treatment on kitchen garbage with mixing microbial inoculum |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101999516A (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2011-04-06 | 北京机电院高技术股份有限公司 | Method for preparing biological protein feed from food wastes |
| CN104543340A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-29 | 天津德为环保工程设备有限公司 | Protein feed preparation method using kitchen wastes |
| CN105851462A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-08-17 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for producing biological protein feed by performing fermentation treatment on kitchen garbage with mixing microbial inoculum |
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| CN114015595A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 中铁上海工程局集团市政环保工程有限公司 | Sludge-based biochar composite microbial agent for efficiently decomposing kitchen waste and preparation method and application thereof |
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