CN112865013B - Protection device based on residual current characteristic analysis - Google Patents
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- CN112865013B CN112865013B CN202110341890.2A CN202110341890A CN112865013B CN 112865013 B CN112865013 B CN 112865013B CN 202110341890 A CN202110341890 A CN 202110341890A CN 112865013 B CN112865013 B CN 112865013B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/16—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/20—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices
- G01R15/202—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices using Hall-effect devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16566—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533
- G01R19/16571—Circuits and arrangements for comparing voltage or current with one or several thresholds and for indicating the result not covered by subgroups G01R19/16504, G01R19/16528, G01R19/16533 comparing AC or DC current with one threshold, e.g. load current, over-current, surge current or fault current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/54—Testing for continuity
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a protection device based on residual current characteristic analysis, relates to the technical field of leakage detection of low-voltage distribution networks, and solves the technical problem that an individual electric shock or a line leakage cannot be distinguished in the existing residual current protection device. The device comprises a residual current characteristic analysis module, a residual current transformer, a signal amplifier, an execution element and a communication module; the residual current characteristic analysis module comprises a first analysis module, a second analysis module and a discrimination module. The protection device can effectively judge the type of the broken contact and the electric leakage, and avoid the phenomena of refusal and misoperation of the existing protection device; meanwhile, the device can acquire the waveform characteristics of residual current and fault elimination measures through the mobile phone and the computer terminal, so that hidden danger elimination of staff is greatly facilitated, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of leakage detection of low-voltage distribution networks, in particular to a protection device based on residual current characteristic analysis.
Background
Electric energy is an economical, practical, clean and easy to control and convert energy source form, and the application degree is one of main marks of the national economic development level. With the wide application of electric energy, electrical fire and personal electric shock casualties caused by improper use of electrical equipment or power leakage of distribution lines occur at the same time, and great threat is brought to life and property safety of people.
Along with the development of smart power grids and the continuous increase of electric equipment, the types of the electric equipment are diversified, and the power electronic equipment is continuously increased. When the power electronic equipment fails, the waveform of the generated residual current is very complex, and is a complex signal compounded by various waveforms, even a direct current signal. At present, the market mainly produces residual current protection devices such as a current action type, a current pulse action type, a amplitude and phase discrimination type, an intelligent action type and the like, but the residual current protection devices have a commonality, and cannot effectively judge the type of touch and leakage, namely when a touch and leakage accident occurs, whether a human animal is electrocuted or equipment line is leaked cannot be distinguished, and a certain protection dead zone exists, so that the residual current protection devices have the phenomena of refusal action and misoperation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: aiming at the technical problem that the current residual current protection device cannot distinguish whether an individual electric shock or a line electric leakage exists, the device for analyzing the characteristics of the residual current is provided.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a protection device based on residual current characteristic analysis comprises a residual current characteristic analysis module, a residual current transformer, a signal amplifier, an execution element and a communication module.
Preferably, the residual current characteristic analysis module comprises a first analysis module, a second analysis module and a discrimination module; the residual current characteristic analysis module can perform characteristic analysis on the residual current waveform detected and acquired by the residual current transformer and amplified by the signal amplifier, and sends a result to a terminal through the communication module; meanwhile, a tripping protection signal exceeding a preset threshold value is transmitted to the executive element; the first analysis module can analyze waveform characteristics of the residual current when a human or animal gets an electric shock; the second analysis module can analyze waveform characteristics of the residual current when equipment or a wire leaks electricity; the judging module can judge whether the residual current exceeds the preset threshold value, and if so, the tripping protection signal is sent to the executing element;
preferably, the residual current transformer, the signal amplifier, the residual current characteristic analysis module and the executive component are electrically connected in sequence; the residual current characteristic analysis module is in communication connection with the communication module; the first analysis module and the second analysis module are respectively and electrically connected with the signal amplifier and the judging module; the first analysis module is used for analyzing that the waveform dynamic change of the residual current is obvious and the rising edge is suddenly changed when a human or animal gets an electric shock; the second analysis module analyzes that the waveform change of the residual current is gentle or the waveform abrupt change vertically rises when the equipment or the electric wire leaks;
the equipment or wire leakage includes equipment aging, loss of insulation between metal and conductor and indirect touching; the second analysis module analyzes that the waveform change of the residual current is gentle, and the equipment or the electric wire is aged due to electric leakage; the second analysis module analyzes that the waveform abrupt change of the residual current vertically rises, so that the equipment or the electric wire is leaked to be in a state of losing the insulation performance between the metal and the conductor and in an indirect touch;
the first analysis module and the second analysis module simultaneously perform characteristic analysis on the residual current waveform, and if the residual current is only residual current generated by human or animal contact, the first analysis module sends a judging result to the judging module; if only residual current generated by equipment or electric wire leakage is generated, the second analysis module sends a judging result to the judging module; if the residual current generated by human or animal contact and the residual current generated by equipment or electric wire leakage exist, the first analysis module and the second analysis module respectively send discrimination results to the discrimination module; the judging result comprises a residual current value, a waveform characteristic diagram, countermeasures and a detection protection equipment number;
the number of the protection devices is one or more; when the protection devices are arranged in sequence according to the current flow direction, the first protection device can detect and protect the residual current from the current direction to the power utilization line or the electric equipment between the first protection devices, and the protection device behind the first protection device can detect and protect the residual current of the power utilization line or the electric equipment between the two protection devices.
Preferably, the preset threshold value comprises a first preset threshold value and a second preset threshold value; the first preset threshold value is a critical current value corresponding to a charged body which is safely escaped when a person or an animal gets an electric shock; the second preset threshold value is a critical current value corresponding to a fire disaster when equipment or an electric wire leaks.
Preferably, the residual current transformer comprises a current sensor; the current sensor is a Hall current sensor, and the residual current transformer (2) is electrically connected with the signal amplifier (3) through the current sensor (20).
Preferably, the executing element is directly connected to a circuit to be detected or an alarm device; the executing element is electrically connected with the judging module; the judging module is in communication connection with the communication module.
Preferably, the protection device further comprises a housing; the residual current characteristic analysis module, the signal amplifier, the execution element and the communication module are fixed in the shell; and the residual current transformer is detachably connected with the shell.
The implementation of the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the device can effectively judge the type of the broken contact and the electric leakage, and avoid the phenomena of refusal and misoperation of the protection device; meanwhile, the device can not only remove the occurrence of electric power accidents through power failure or alarm, but also can obtain the waveform characteristics of residual current and fault removal measures through the mobile phone and the computer terminal in detail, thereby greatly facilitating staff to remove hidden danger and improving working efficiency.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1. A feature analysis module; 10. a first analysis module; 11. a second analysis module; 12. a judging module; 2. a residual current transformer; 20. a current sensor; 3. a signal amplifier; 4. an actuator; 5. and a communication module.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the various embodiments described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which are described various embodiments which may be employed in practicing the invention. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made from the embodiments recited herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
It should be noted that the description of "first", "second", etc. in this disclosure is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an indication of the number of technical features being indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
The term "plurality" means two or more, unless specifically defined otherwise.
The terms "coupled," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally formed, for example; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The following example is merely a specific example and does not illustrate one such implementation of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a protection device based on residual current characteristic analysis includes a residual current characteristic analysis module 1, a residual current transformer 2 (Residual Current Transformer, RCT), a signal amplifier 3, an actuator 4 and a communication module 5. Specifically, the residual current characteristic analysis module 1 includes a first analysis module 10, a second analysis module 11, and a discrimination module 12. The residual current characteristic analysis module 1 can perform characteristic analysis on residual current waveforms detected and collected by the residual current transformer 2 and amplified by the signal amplifier 3, and send the results to a terminal through the communication module 5, and simultaneously, transmit trip protection signals exceeding a preset threshold to the executive component 4; the first analysis module 10 is capable of analyzing waveform characteristics of residual current when a human or animal gets an electric shock; the second analysis module 11 is capable of analyzing waveform characteristics of the residual current at the time of leakage of the device or the wire; the determination module 12 can determine whether the residual current exceeds a preset threshold, and if so, send a trip protection signal to the actuator 4. Further, the residual current transformer 2, the signal amplifier 3, the residual current characteristic analysis module 1 and the executive component 4 are electrically connected in sequence; the residual current characteristic analysis module 1 is in communication connection with the communication module 5. The first analysis module 10 and the second analysis module 11 are electrically connected with the signal amplifier 3 and the discrimination module 12.
The preset threshold values comprise a first preset threshold value and a second preset threshold value; the first preset threshold value is a critical current value corresponding to a charged body, which is safely escaped when a person or an animal gets an electric shock; the second preset threshold value is a critical current value corresponding to a fire disaster when equipment or an electric wire leaks. The specific threshold is determined according to IEC60479 series standard of Current passing effect of human body and livestock and the safety standard of the existing residual current protection device.
Preferably, the residual current transformer 2 includes a current sensor 20; the current sensor 20 is a hall current sensor, and the residual current transformer 2 is electrically connected with the signal amplifier 3 through the current sensor 20. The Hall current sensor can be used for detecting direct current and alternating current, and the current detection range is usually zero to thousands of amperes, and the detection bandwidth is 0-200 kHz. In this arrangement, a hall current sensor is preferred.
Further, the executing element 4 is directly connected to a circuit to be detected or an alarm device; the executing element 4 is electrically connected with the judging module 12; the discriminating module 12 is connected with the communication module 5 in communication. The protection device also includes a housing. The residual current characteristic analysis module 1, the signal amplifier 3, the executive component 4 and the communication module 5 are fixed in the shell; the residual current transformer 2 is detachably connected with the shell.
The specific implementation scheme is as follows: one or more protection devices are arranged at intervals of a fixed distance or a fixed number of devices according to the distance of the power transmission line or the number of the devices of the circuit to be detected. If a plurality of protection devices are arranged, the protection devices are sequentially arranged according to the current flow direction after numbering. The first protection device can detect and protect the residual current of the electric wire or the electric equipment between the current direction and the first protection device, the second protection device can detect and protect the residual current of the electric wire or the electric equipment between the first protection device and the second protection device, and each other protection device can detect and protect the residual current of the electric wire or the electric equipment between the last protection device and the device; if a protection device is arranged, the protection device is installed according to specific circuit conditions.
If the residual current transformer 2 detects a residual current magnetic field signal, the residual current magnetic field signal is converted into a current signal by the current sensor 20 and is transmitted to the signal amplifier 3, and the first analysis module 10 and the second analysis module 11 respectively receive the amplified residual current signal and respectively perform characteristic analysis on the amplified residual current signal. Wherein:
the first analysis module 10 analyzes the process as follows:
if the residual current waveform has obvious dynamic change and the rising edge is suddenly changed with delay, the human or animal is contacted with the charged body. When the surface of a human or animal body is contacted with a charged body, a cortical glue layer exists on the surface of the human or animal body, and has a certain resistance, the resistance value of the cortical glue layer is between a few kiloohms and tens of kiloohms, once the epidermis is broken down, a carbonized layer is formed, and the resistance value of the carbonized layer is smaller, similar to a conductor. The current will rapidly change and increase due to the presence of the gum layer of the person or animal, and will rapidly disappear once the object is detached from the conductor. Therefore, after the animal touches the charged conductor, the leakage current can be rapidly increased in the colloid carbonization process, and after complete carbonization, the leakage current becomes short-circuit current.
The second analysis module 11 analyzes the process as follows:
(1) If the residual current waveform changes smoothly, leakage is caused by equipment aging and reduced cable insulation. In general, the leakage current changes smoothly, the current value slowly increases, and the leakage current can be classified as the leakage current caused by the insulation performance reduction caused by equipment aging;
(2) If the residual current suddenly changes and the waveform rises vertically, the leakage current is attributed to the device leakage. The current change mutation increases rapidly due to the insulation property between the metal and the conductor being damaged or the device being leaked caused by indirect contact, and the current rising edge is steep and approximately vertical.
Leakage current characteristics are analyzed by the first analysis module 10 and the second analysis module 11, so that leakage currents caused by electric shock of human animals and equipment of two types of objects can be primarily ground and judged, and the processing is respectively dealt with. The countermeasures are issued by the first analysis module 10 and the second analysis module 11, respectively. After the feature analysis, if the residual current is only generated by human animal contact, the first analysis module 10 sends a discrimination result to the discrimination module 12; or only residual current generated by equipment leakage or metal indirect contact leakage source, the second analysis module 11 sends a judging result to the judging module 12; if the residual currents generated by both types are generated, the first analysis module 10 and the second analysis module 11 respectively send out the discrimination results to the discrimination module 12. The result includes the residual current magnitude value, waveform characteristic diagram, countermeasure and detection protection equipment number.
The judging module 12 receives the residual current characteristic analysis result, compares the residual current value with a first preset threshold value and a second preset threshold value respectively, and if the residual current value exceeds one preset threshold value, sends a tripping protection signal to the executing element 4, and the executing element 4 cuts off a power supply or sounds an alarm; and meanwhile, the residual current characteristic analysis result is sent to a terminal mobile phone or a management background through the communication module 5.
Through the device, staff can quickly find out the obstacle electricity through the number of the protection device for detecting the residual current and take relevant countermeasures in time. Meanwhile, by setting the classified obstacle recognition factors, the safety alarm is more accurate, and the problems of misinformation of accidents and unreported accidents of the existing products are avoided.
The foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes in the features and embodiments may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The protection device based on the residual current characteristic analysis is characterized by comprising a residual current characteristic analysis module (1), a residual current transformer (2), a signal amplifier (3), an execution element (4) and a communication module (5); the residual current transformer (2), the signal amplifier (3), the residual current characteristic analysis module (1) and the executive component (4) are electrically connected in sequence; the residual current characteristic analysis module (1) is in communication connection with the communication module (5);
the residual current characteristic analysis module (1) can perform characteristic analysis on the residual current waveform detected and collected by the residual current transformer (2) and amplified by the signal amplifier (3), and sends a result to a terminal through the communication module (5); simultaneously, transmitting a tripping protection signal exceeding a preset threshold value to the executive element (4);
the residual current characteristic analysis module (1) comprises a first analysis module (10), a second analysis module (11) and a discrimination module (12); wherein,,
the first analysis module (10) can analyze waveform characteristics of the residual current when a human or an animal gets an electric shock; the second analysis module (11) is capable of analyzing waveform characteristics of the residual current when equipment or a wire leaks electricity; the judging module (12) can judge whether the residual current exceeds the preset threshold value, and if so, the tripping protection signal is sent to the executive element (4); the first analysis module (10) and the second analysis module (11) are independent modules; and, in addition, the method comprises the steps of,
the first analysis module (10) and the second analysis module (11) are electrically connected with the signal amplifier (3) and the judging module (12);
the first analysis module (10) is used for analyzing that the waveform dynamic change of the residual current is obvious and the rising edge is abrupt when a human or animal gets an electric shock;
the second analysis module (11) analyzes that the waveform change of the residual current is gentle or the waveform abrupt change vertically rises when the equipment or the electric wire leaks;
the equipment or wire leakage includes equipment aging, loss of insulation between metal and conductor and indirect touching; the second analysis module (11) analyzes that the waveform change of the residual current is gentle, and the equipment or the electric wire is aged; the second analysis module (11) analyzes that the waveform mutation of the residual current vertically rises, so that the equipment or the electric wire is leaked to the loss of the insulation performance between the metal and the conductor and the indirect touch;
the first analysis module (10) and the second analysis module (11) simultaneously perform characteristic analysis on the residual current waveform, and if only residual current generated by human or animal contact is detected, the first analysis module (10) sends a judging result to the judging module (12); if only residual current generated by equipment or wire leakage is generated, the second analysis module (11) sends a judging result to the judging module (12); if the residual current generated by human or animal contact and the residual current generated by equipment or electric wire leakage exist, the first analysis module (10) and the second analysis module (11) respectively send out discrimination results to the discrimination module (12); the judging result comprises a residual current value, a waveform characteristic diagram, countermeasures and a detection protection equipment number;
the number of the protection devices is one or more; when the protection devices are arranged in sequence according to the current flow direction, the first protection device can detect and protect the residual current from the current direction to the power utilization line or the electric equipment between the first protection devices, and the protection device behind the first protection device can detect and protect the residual current of the power utilization line or the electric equipment between the two protection devices.
2. The protection device of claim 1, wherein the preset threshold comprises a first preset threshold, a second preset threshold; wherein,,
the first preset threshold value is a critical current value corresponding to a charged body which is safely escaped when a person or an animal gets an electric shock;
the second preset threshold value is a critical current value corresponding to a fire disaster when equipment or an electric wire leaks.
3. Protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that the residual current transformer (2) comprises a current sensor (20); the current sensor (20) is a Hall current sensor;
the residual current transformer (2) is electrically connected with the signal amplifier (3) through the current sensor (20).
4. A protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that the actuator (4) is directly connected to the circuit to be detected or to an alarm device;
the executing element (4) is electrically connected with the judging module (12);
the judging module (12) is in communication connection with the communication module (5).
5. The protective device of claim 1, further comprising a housing; the residual current characteristic analysis module (1), the signal amplifier (3), the execution element (4) and the communication module (5) are fixed in the shell; the residual current transformer (2) is detachably connected with the shell.
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CN210835189U (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2020-06-23 | 国创新能源汽车智慧能源装备创新中心(江苏)有限公司 | Arc fault and electric leakage fault detection protection system and charging pile |
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CN2378864Y (en) * | 1999-06-21 | 2000-05-17 | 张宝明 | Phase demodulating and wave demodulating electrical shock protective device capable of identifying electrical shock of animal |
CN2431667Y (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2001-05-23 | 上海第三开关厂 | Multifunctional electric leakage circuit breaker |
CN103825245B (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2018-01-16 | 广东南冠电气有限公司 | It is a kind of to distinguish the intelligent breaker to get an electric shock with electric leakage signal |
US10345356B2 (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2019-07-09 | Parviz Fotoohi | System and method for protection against electric shock |
CN110289593B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2024-04-19 | 国网四川省电力公司阿坝供电公司 | Intelligent rural power network leakage protection system based on ubiquitous Internet of things |
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