CN112854245A - Classification design method for earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and medium-stroke fossil rock burial depth - Google Patents
Classification design method for earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and medium-stroke fossil rock burial depth Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
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- E02D17/04—Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a classification design method of an earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and buried depth of stroke fossil rock, which comprises the following steps: dividing the foundation pit of the earth-rock dual-element stratum based on the relation between the depth of the foundation pit and the buried depth of the middle weathered rock; and analyzing the finite element model to obtain a foundation pit damage form according to the corresponding division type, and determining a foundation pit supporting scheme of the corresponding type. The method divides the types of the foundation pits, provides a foundation pit supporting scheme for the corresponding type of the foundation pit, and is reasonable in design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation pit support, and particularly relates to a classification design method for an earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and buried depth of stroke fossil rock.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Along with the development of urban construction, deep foundation pit engineering is more and more, and the technical requirements for deep foundation pit supporting are higher and higher. There are many foundation pit projects with soil on the upper side and rock on the lower side. At present, the corresponding specifications lack effective guidance for the foundation pit. The foundation pit specification is mainly suitable for a soil foundation pit; the slope specifications mainly aim at soil or rock slopes. The binary foundation pit or side slope engineering specification is basically in a blank state. The scientificity and rationality of the engineering are restricted by the theory and technology of the earth-rock double-element slope.
The deformation of a foundation pit in the soil-rock combined stratum is different in size due to the difference of the rigidity of the overlying soil layer and the rigidity of the underlying rock layer. The existing earth-rock combined deep foundation pit project usually depends on local engineering experience in support design selection, and the risk is high due to the fact that the rock stratum strength is easily overestimated, or the design is over conservative due to the fact that the rock stratum strength is not fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a classification design method for a soil-rock foundation pit support based on depth and buried depth of stroke fossil rock.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a classification design method for an earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and buried depth of stroke rocks, including the following steps:
dividing the foundation pit of the earth-rock dual-element stratum based on the relation between the depth of the foundation pit and the buried depth of the middle weathered rock;
and analyzing the finite element model to obtain a foundation pit damage form according to the corresponding division type, and determining a foundation pit supporting scheme of the corresponding type.
As a further technical scheme, the step of dividing the foundation pit of the soil-rock binary stratum comprises the following steps: and comparing the position relation between the depth of the foundation pit and the buried depth of the medium-stroke formation rock, and dividing the foundation pit type of the soil-rock binary stratum according to the depth of the foundation pit, the embedded and fixed end of the support pile and the position of the medium-stroke formation rock.
As a further technical scheme, the classification type of the foundation pit of the soil-rock binary stratum comprises the following steps: the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned below the embedded end of the support pile, the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is approximately flush with the bottom surface of the foundation pit, and the bottom surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned above the bottom surface of the foundation pit.
As a further technical scheme, if the foundation pit belongs to the type that the top surface of the weathered rock stratum is positioned below the embedded end of the supporting pile, one of slope-making soil nailing wall supporting, composite soil nailing wall supporting, rock-embedded pile/wall supporting, row pile/underground diaphragm wall and reverse construction is adopted for supporting the foundation pit.
As a further technical scheme, the embedded depth of the support pile is reduced while the foundation pit is supported.
As a further technical scheme, if the foundation pit belongs to the type that the top surface of the weathered rock stratum is flush with the base, one of slope-laying soil nailing wall support, composite soil nailing wall support, rock-embedded pile/wall support, row pile/underground diaphragm wall and reverse construction is adopted for supporting the foundation pit.
As a further technical scheme, in the scheme of the rock-socketed pile/wall support, one of single-pivot pile-anchor support, multi-pivot pile-anchor support, diaphragm wall + anchor/support, pile-anchor + pit remaining platform + spray anchor is adopted for supporting.
As a further technical scheme, the embedded depth of the support pile is reduced while the foundation pit is supported.
As a further technical scheme, if the foundation pit belongs to the type that the top surface of the weathered rock stratum is positioned above the bottom surface of the foundation pit, one of slope-making soil nailing wall support, composite soil nailing wall support, row pile/underground diaphragm wall + reverse construction method construction and foot hanging pile support is adopted for supporting the foundation pit.
As a further technical scheme, in the scheme of the hanging foot pile support, one of a hanging foot pile anchor/support + exposed rock mass, a hanging foot pile anchor/support + shotcrete support, a hanging foot pile anchor/support + micro-pile, a double-row hanging foot pile anchor + shotcrete support, a retaining wall + pile anchor + lattice column is adopted for support.
As a further technical scheme, in the scheme of supporting the hanging foot piles, if the elastic modulus of a rock mass is between 600MPa and 4800MPa, the width of a rock shoulder is 1.5-2.0 m.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
the method of the invention divides the foundation pit type, can judge according to the division type, selects a proper deep foundation pit supporting structure, and can effectively solve the following problems: when the retaining member is too long when penetrating into the stroke chemical rock stratum, the phenomena of difficult construction, high cost, long construction period, excessive conservation, huge waste and the like exist, so that the double-edge engineering of the soil and rock is promoted to be more scientific and reasonable, and the healthy development of the engineering is promoted.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method of the present invention in accordance with one or more embodiments;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a top surface of a stroke-induced formation below a stake-embedded end in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a stroke of a formation having a top surface flush with a base, according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a top surface of a stroke-induced formation being above a bottom surface of a foundation pit according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a slope-setting soil nailing wall support according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a composite soil nailed wall support of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the diaphragm wall + anchor/brace support of the present invention in accordance with one or more embodiments;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a pile anchor + in pit berth + shotcrete in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a drop pile anchor/bracing + jet anchor support structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
figure 10 is a schematic view of a drop pile anchor/brace + micropile support structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a double row drop pile anchor + jet anchor support construction according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a retaining wall + pile anchor + lattice column support structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a row pile/diaphragm wall + reverse construction support structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
in the figure: the spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like in the present invention should be understood broadly, and for example, the terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As introduced in the background art, the prior art has defects, and in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a classification and support design method for a foundation pit of a soil-rock double-element stratum.
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a classification design method for an earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and buried depth of stroke rocks is provided.
Classifying and dividing the type of the foundation pit of the earth-rock binary stratum into three types based on the relation between the depth of the foundation pit and the buried depth of the weathered rock and geological conditions: the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned below the embedded end of the support pile, the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is approximately flush with the bottom surface of the foundation pit, and the bottom surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned above the bottom surface of the foundation pit.
Because the intensity, the hardness and the like of the medium-stroke chemical rock stratum are superior to those of the soil layer, when the foundation pit is excavated to the position below the medium-stroke chemical rock stratum, the medium-stroke chemical rock stratum which is correspondingly buried can play a corresponding anchoring and supporting effect, and further the use of supporting piles can be reduced, or the buried depth of the supporting piles can be reduced.
The specific classification and division steps in the above contents are: and comparing the position relation between the depth of the foundation pit and the buried depth of the medium-stroke formation, and classifying and dividing the foundation pit type of the soil-rock binary stratum according to the depth of the foundation pit, the embedded end of the support pile and the position of the medium-stroke formation.
And after the foundation pit division types are obtained, analyzing the foundation pit damage forms through a finite element model according to the corresponding division types, and determining the foundation pit supporting scheme of the corresponding type.
The top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned below the embedded end of the support pile, the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is approximately flush with the bottom surface of the foundation pit, and the bottom surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned above the bottom surface of the foundation pit. According to the first type of the soil-rock foundation pit, when the foundation pit is damaged, the slip crack surface of the foundation pit is an arc sliding surface penetrating through a soil layer and a rock stratum, the bottom end of the slip crack surface is positioned on a slope body of a side slope when the slope rate is high, and the smaller the slope rate is, the smaller the distance between the bottom end of the slip crack surface and a slope toe is, and the final tangent is realized. In the second soil-rock foundation pit type, when the foundation pit is damaged and the slope rate is greater than 1:0.8, most of the landslide body is positioned in the upper soil layer, and a small part of the bottom end of the landslide body is positioned in the strongly weathered rock layer; when the slope rate is less than 1:0.8, the landslide mass is located in the soil layer, and the strong weathering rock layer is not damaged. The third kind of soil rock foundation ditch type, when taking place the foundation ditch and destroying, when the slope rate is greater than 1: when 0.8, the slip crack surface is a smooth curved surface penetrating through the soil layer and the strongly weathered rock layer; when the slope rate is less than 1:0.8, the slip crack surface penetrates through the soil layer and the strongly weathered rock layer, the bottom end of the slip crack surface is tangent to the strongly weathered rock layer, and the strongly weathered rock layer is not damaged.
Through finite element model analysis and comparison of a large number of engineering examples, support types selected according to different soil and rock depths of the foundation pit are classified, and foundation pit support schemes adopted by different foundation pit types are explained one by one.
If the top surface of the middle weathered rock stratum is located below the embedded and fixed end of the supporting pile, the foundation pit is divided into a plurality of sections; the foundation pit is excavated downwards from a soil layer, the bottom surface of the foundation pit is positioned on the strongly weathered rock stratum and is positioned above the strongly weathered rock stratum, the supporting piles support the side parts of the foundation pit, and the bottom embedded ends of the supporting piles are positioned on the strongly weathered rock stratum and are positioned above the strongly weathered rock stratum; in this case, the strongly weathered rock formation may be regarded as a soil layer, and one of a slope-caving soil nailing wall support, a composite soil nailing wall support, a rock-socketed pile/wall support, a row pile/underground diaphragm wall and a reverse construction method may be used to support the foundation pit.
Meanwhile, because the rock stratum is superior to the soil layer, the embedding depth of the supporting pile can be reduced, and therefore the foundation pit supporting scheme is more economical and reasonable.
If the foundation pit is of a type that the top surface of the middle weathered rock stratum is flush with the substrate, the foundation pit is excavated downwards from the soil layer, the bottom surface of the foundation pit is flush with the interface of the strong weathered rock stratum and the middle weathered rock stratum, namely the bottom surface of the foundation pit is flush with the top surface of the middle weathered rock stratum, and the bottom embedded end of the support pile is located in the middle weathered rock stratum; in this case, one of a slope-laying soil nailing wall support, a composite soil nailing wall support, a rock-socketed pile/wall support, a row pile/underground diaphragm wall and a reverse construction method is adopted for supporting the foundation pit.
Meanwhile, the pile body of the support pile is embedded into the middle weathered rock stratum, so that the embedding depth of the support pile can be reduced.
If the foundation pit belongs to the type that the top surface of the middle weathered rock stratum is positioned above the bottom surface of the foundation pit; the foundation pit is excavated downwards from a soil layer, the bottom surface of the foundation pit is positioned in the middle weathered rock stratum, the soil layer, the strong weathered rock stratum and the middle weathered rock stratum are arranged above the bottom surface of the foundation pit, and the bottom embedded end of the support pile is embedded into the middle weathered rock stratum; the type belongs to a soil-rock combined deep foundation pit; in this case, one of a slope-laying soil nailing wall support, a composite soil nailing wall support, a row pile/underground diaphragm wall + reverse construction method and a foot-hanging pile support is adopted for supporting the foundation pit.
The supporting scheme is suitable for various projects, and the supporting forms can be correspondingly combined in each project according to different geological conditions and supporting requirements.
The scheme of supporting the slope-releasing soil nailing wall can make full use of the strength of the rock-soil body, is simple to construct, is economical and practical, and can be used for foundation pits of the three types. However, the scheme cannot be adopted by common urban buildings because the slope relief requires a large construction space.
When the slope-laying soil nailing wall is in supporting operation, slope laying construction is carried out, a concrete surface layer is sprayed on the slope surface construction, and soil nails are obliquely driven into the slope surface.
Specifically, the scheme of the composite soil nailing wall support can be adopted for the three types of foundation pits by particularly combining the soil and rock foundation pits mainly based on rock stratums when the depth of the foundation pit is small and the quality of rock mass is good. The support type can more effectively utilize the performance of the rock stratum and effectively control the deformation of the soil layer.
Specifically, the scheme of the socketed pile/wall support can adopt operation modes including single-fulcrum pile-anchor support, multi-fulcrum pile-anchor support, diaphragm wall + anchor/support, pile anchor + pit remaining platform + spray anchor, and any one of the four modes can be adopted for support.
The supporting scheme has higher vertical bearing capacity and horizontal bearing capacity, and can better control the lateral deformation of the supporting mechanism, thereby better controlling the settlement of soil outside the pit, and can be used for two types of foundation pits, wherein the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned below the embedded end of the supporting pile, and the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is approximately flush with the bottom surface of the foundation pit.
Meanwhile, the pile wall is embedded into the middle digested rock stratum which is superior to the soil layer, so that the embedding depth of the supporting pile can be properly reduced, and the foundation pit supporting scheme is more economic and reasonable.
Specifically, the scheme of row piles/underground diaphragm wall + reverse construction method is that the supporting structure accords with the permanence idea of the supporting structure, the horizontal supporting structure of the foundation pit is combined with a basement structure floor, and the supporting wall is combined with the basement wall. The top-down construction method can realize the collaborative design of foundation pit support and underground structure: the supporting structure is constructed firstly, and the aim of supporting the foundation pit is achieved by using the resistance of the underground structure.
Specifically, the scheme of the suspended foot pile support may adopt operation modes including suspended foot pile anchor/support + exposed rock mass, suspended foot pile anchor/support + jet anchor support, suspended foot pile anchor/support + micro pile, double-row suspended foot pile anchor + jet anchor support, retaining wall + pile anchor + lattice column, and any one of the five modes may be adopted for support.
When the anchor/support of the foot-hanging pile and the exposed rock mass are adopted, the upper soil layer is supported by the anchor/support of the foot-hanging pile, and a large-angle anchor rod is adopted. And (4) leveling the lower rock stratum after excavating by using a machine, and spraying a concrete surface layer or directly exposing for construction. The method is suitable for the conditions that the integrity of the rock stratum is good, the strength is high, and the disturbance of the foundation pit excavation to the surrounding rock mass is small, and has the advantages of simple design thought, low construction cost and convenient construction.
The foot-hanging pile support is a special support form of the soil-rock combined foundation pit, is different from the rock-embedded pile support in that the pile foot does not reach the excavation depth of the foundation pit, but only is embedded into a rock stratum to a certain depth, and is suitable for the soil-rock combined foundation pit with complete rock mass and better lithology. The support of the foot-hanging pile can fully utilize the rock stratum strength, greatly reduce the rock-socketed depth and reduce the construction difficulty.
Although the hanging foot pile is provided with a rock embedding part, the rock mass part embedded into the hanging foot pile is provided with an empty face, so the horizontal bearing capacity of the hanging foot pile is small, and the foot kicking damage is easy to occur. Limited by excavation conditions, the width of the rock shoulder is not enough to provide enough embedding force, and the rock shoulder embedding force is improved by arranging a lock leg beam and an anchor rope for supporting.
With the excavation of the foundation pit, when the foundation pit is directly excavated to the soil-rock boundary surface, the shearing force and the bending moment of the pile body of the foot-hanging pile are maximum. The anchor rod at the pile foot has great influence on the stress deformation of the pile body, and after the rock-socketed depth and the rock shoulder width reach certain values, the influence on the stress deformation of the pile body is not great due to continuous increase. According to numerical simulation analysis and engineering experience, when the elastic modulus of the rock mass is between 600MPa and 4800MPa, the optimal design rock embedding depth is about 1.5m, and the optimal design rock shoulder width is 1.5-2.0 m.
In summary, when the substrate is located in the middle weathered rock stratum, the support is suitable to be supported by the foot-hanging piles, namely the support is suitable for the type of foundation pit with the bottom surface of the middle weathered rock stratum above the bottom surface of the foundation pit.
In the case of similar deep foundation pits with earth-rock composite structures, as the binary foundation pit or the slope engineering specification is basically in a blank state and the foundation pit specification lacks effective guidance for the foundation pits, the damage type can be judged according to the three models defined by the invention, and a proper deep foundation pit supporting structure is selected. Can effectively solve the following problems: when the retaining member is too long when penetrating into the stroke chemical rock stratum, the phenomena of difficult construction, high cost, long construction period, excessive conservation, huge waste and the like exist. The method promotes the double-element side engineering of the soil and rock to be more scientific and reasonable and promotes the healthy development of the engineering.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A classification design method for an earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and medium-stroke fossil buried depth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing the foundation pit of the earth-rock dual-element stratum based on the relation between the depth of the foundation pit and the buried depth of the middle weathered rock;
and analyzing the finite element model to obtain a foundation pit damage form according to the corresponding division type, and determining a foundation pit supporting scheme of the corresponding type.
2. The classification design method for the earth-rock foundation pit support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of dividing the earth-rock binary stratum foundation pit comprises the following steps: and comparing the position relation between the depth of the foundation pit and the buried depth of the medium-stroke formation rock, and dividing the foundation pit type of the soil-rock binary stratum according to the depth of the foundation pit, the embedded and fixed end of the support pile and the position of the medium-stroke formation rock.
3. The classification design method for the earth-rock foundation pit support as claimed in claim 1, wherein the classification type of the earth-rock binary stratum foundation pit comprises: the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned below the embedded end of the support pile, the top surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is approximately flush with the bottom surface of the foundation pit, and the bottom surface of the medium weathered rock stratum is positioned above the bottom surface of the foundation pit.
4. The classification design method of earth and rock foundation pit supports as claimed in claim 3, wherein if the foundation pit is of the type in which the top surface of the rock stratum of the stroke is located below the embedded end of the support pile, the foundation pit support is carried out by using one of slope-laying earth-nailed wall support, composite earth-nailed wall support, rock-socketed pile/wall support, row pile/diaphragm wall + reverse construction.
5. The classification design method of earth and rock foundation pit supports as claimed in claim 3, wherein if the foundation pit is of the type in which the top surface of the unconsolidated rock stratum is flush with the base, the foundation pit support is performed by using one of slope-laying earth nailing wall support, composite earth nailing wall support, rock-socketed pile/wall support, row pile/underground diaphragm wall + reverse construction method.
6. The classification design method of an earth-rock foundation pit support as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the scheme of socketed pile/wall support, one of single-pivot pile-anchor support, multi-pivot pile-anchor support, diaphragm wall + anchor/support, pile-anchor + in-pit platform + spray anchor is adopted for supporting.
7. An earth and rock foundation pit support classification design method as claimed in claim 4 or 6, characterized in that the embedment depth of the support piles is reduced while the foundation pit is supported.
8. The classification design method of earth and rock foundation pit supports as claimed in claim 3, wherein if the foundation pit is of the type in which the top surface of the medium-weathered rock layer is located above the bottom surface of the foundation pit, the foundation pit support is performed by using one of a slope-laying earth nailing wall support, a composite earth nailing wall support, a row pile/underground diaphragm wall + reverse construction method, and a hanging foot pile support.
9. The classification design method of earth-rock foundation pit support according to claim 8, characterized in that in the scheme of the foot-hanging pile support, one of foot-hanging pile anchor/brace + exposed rock mass, foot-hanging pile anchor/brace + shotcrete support, foot-hanging pile anchor/brace + mini-pile, double-row foot-hanging pile anchor + shotcrete support, retaining wall + pile anchor + lattice column is adopted for support.
10. The classification design method for the earth-rock foundation pit support according to claim 8 or 9, wherein in the scheme of the hanging foot pile support, if the elastic modulus of the rock mass is 600MPa-4800MPa, the width of the rock shoulder is 1.5-2.0 m.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110285327.8A CN112854245A (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2021-03-17 | Classification design method for earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and medium-stroke fossil rock burial depth |
| ZA2021/08993A ZA202108993B (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2021-11-12 | Method for classification design of soil-rock foundation pit support based on depth and buried depth of moderately weathered rock |
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| CN202110285327.8A CN112854245A (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2021-03-17 | Classification design method for earth rock foundation pit support based on depth and medium-stroke fossil rock burial depth |
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| ZA (1) | ZA202108993B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113653068A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-11-16 | 中建八局第二建设有限公司 | Construction method of deep foundation pit support based on upper soft and lower hard rock stratum |
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| ZA202108993B (en) | 2022-02-23 |
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