CN112853173A - Rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, carrying out heat preservation refining and casting to obtain an aluminum alloy cast rod, carrying out solution aging heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast rod to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod in a complete solution state, heating the aluminum alloy cast rod at 470-490 ℃, carrying out extrusion forming, quenching, traction and tensile stretching in sequence to obtain an aluminum alloy finished product, and taking a sample for performance test. The aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method can be applied to high-voltage power pipes, has the advantages of low material resistance and small temperature rise under constant current, and greatly improves the conductivity of the pipes under the condition of not reducing the performances such as elongation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to a rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, copper is mostly used as a conductive material in a power distribution network, but copper resources are gradually deficient, the price is high, and a large amount of copper is used, so that the investment cost for the construction of the power distribution network is huge, and resource protection is not facilitated. In the metal materials, the conductivity of aluminum is second to that of silver, copper and gold, so that the aluminum is a conductor material with optimal economy, has the characteristics of light weight, low price, abundant reserves and the like, and is more suitable for being used as a conductive material for producing a high-voltage power control assembly. With the continuous acceleration of extra-high voltage power grid construction in recent years, aluminum replaces copper in the cable industry, the large-caliber thick-wall aluminum alloy overhead tubular busbar of the transformer substation is widely applied, the demand of aluminum alloy materials is greatly increased, and simultaneously higher requirements on the comprehensive performance of the aluminum alloy materials are provided.
The high-voltage power control component firstly requires that the conductive material has higher conductivity, simultaneously has certain mechanical properties such as stronger tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and the like, and also requires that the conductive material has excellent casting properties such as good fluidity, low shrinkage and small hot cracking tendency. The common 6063 or 6005A aluminum alloy pipe has a series of problems of low conductivity, low performance strength, opening cracking, large temperature rise under constant current and the like, and cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of the high-voltage electric control assembly on mechanical property and conductivity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low electric conductivity, poor heat resistance and the like of the existing aluminum alloy material, the invention provides the preparation method of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy added with the rhenium element.
The preparation method of the rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, maintaining the temperature, refining and casting the aluminum alloy material to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
(2) carrying out solution aging heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast rod to enable the aluminum alloy cast rod to be in a complete solid solution state;
(3) heating the aluminum alloy cast rod obtained in the step (2) at 470-490 ℃, then sequentially carrying out extrusion forming, air cooling quenching, traction and tension stretching to obtain an aluminum alloy finished product, and taking a sample to carry out performance inspection, hardness, bending, conductivity and metallographic phase.
Further, in the step (1), the aluminum alloy material includes: 90% of aluminum ingot and intermediate alloy, and 10% of cold material; the master alloy comprises: aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, magnesium ingot and aluminum-rhenium alloy.
Further, in the step (1), the aluminum alloy cast rod comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: si: 0.40-0.45%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.2%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.1%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.1%, Mg: 0.63% -0.68%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.1%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.1%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.1%, Zr: 0.08% -0.20%, Re: 0.07-0.18 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity and the balance of Al.
Further, in the step (1), the smelting step is as follows: purging the charging car, firstly adding a cold material (the cold material analyzes chemical components in advance), then adding an aluminum ingot, finally adding an aluminum-silicon alloy, starting an electromagnetic stirrer in the melting process to stir intensively, when the materials are melted to 745 ℃, completely removing dross on the surface of the melt, sequentially adding an aluminum-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-titanium alloy, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum-rhenium alloy, and controlling the time from charging to completion of melting within 6 hours; the heat preservation refining step is as follows: adopting liquid slag skimming, electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing processes; the casting steps are as follows: adopt online degassing unit, adopt 50 meshes stack 60 meshes filter plates to filter during the casting, guarantee that aluminium liquid is pure, the smooth casting dish of oil gas is adopted to the casting dish, guarantees cast stick surface quality, and the cast stick diameter that obtains is 200 and adds 600 mm.
Further, in the step (1), the specification of the aluminum alloy cast rod is 90MN cast rod phi 515mm multiplied by 6000mm or 75MN cast rod phi 454mm multiplied by 6000 mm; cutting the head, the tail, the fixed length and the wagon of the cast rod, wherein the fixed length size is as follows: phi 454mm × 720-.
Further, in the step (2), the solution aging heat treatment is carried out at 570 +/-5 ℃ for 16 hours; the quality control of the cast rod is in the grain size level of 1 and the porosity level of 1, and the cast rod has low power and has no segregation, crack, oxide film and inclusion defects.
Further, in the step (3), during extrusion forming, the extrusion coefficient is less than 20, the deformation degree is more than 90%, and the extrusion quality control quenching speed is controlled within 60 seconds to achieve complete cooling; the stretching ratio is 0.8-1.5% when stretching under tension.
The aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy can be applied to high-voltage power pipes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the preparation method of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy added with the rhenium element has reasonable casting process design, introduces casting processes such as electromagnetic stirring, furnace bottom degassing and the like, adopts a reinforced solid solution aging process to enable the material to exert the maximum potential, adopts extrusion molding to enable the internal structure of the material to be more compact, adopts air cooling quenching to ensure quenching permeability and material strength, can effectively control microscopic crystal grains of the product by adding the rhenium element, enables the microscopic crystal grains to be fine and uniform, reduces the resistance heat effect of the material, reduces the power-on heating temperature of the aluminum alloy material by 20-25%, and can be suitable for working and using environments with higher current.
2. The aluminum alloy obtained by the invention can meet the following technical index requirements: the average grain size is less than or equal to 120 mu m, the maximum grain size is less than or equal to 250 mu m, the intermetallic compound is less than or equal to 12 mu m, the depth of a coarse crystal layer is less than or equal to 400 mu m, and the grain grade is more than or equal to 3 grade.
3. The aluminum alloy obtained by the invention can be used for high-voltage power pipes, and compared with other materials, the aluminum alloy greatly improves the conductivity of the pipes under the conditions of not reducing the performance and the elongation, and has the characteristics of excellent raking and welding effects, low temperature rise under constant current and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, maintaining the temperature, refining and casting to obtain a 75MN aluminum alloy cast rod with phi 454mm multiplied by 6000mm, and cutting the head, tail, cutting to length and turning to a lathe carriage, wherein the length is as follows: phi 454mm by 1200 mm.
(2) The aluminum alloy material comprises: 90% of aluminum ingot and intermediate alloy, and 10% of cold material; the master alloy comprises: aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, magnesium ingot and aluminum-rhenium alloy.
The smelting steps are as follows: purging a charging vehicle, adding a cold material (the cold material analyzes chemical components in advance), adding an aluminum ingot, adding an aluminum-silicon alloy, starting an electromagnetic stirrer in the melting process to stir intensively, removing dross on the surface of a melt when the melt is melted to 748 +/-3 ℃, sequentially adding an aluminum-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-titanium alloy, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum-rhenium alloy, and controlling the time from charging to completion of melting within 6 hours; the heat preservation refining step is as follows: adopting liquid slag skimming, electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing processes; the casting steps are as follows: an online degassing device is adopted, a 50-mesh superposed 60-mesh filter plate is adopted for filtering during casting, the purity of aluminum liquid is ensured, an oil-gas sliding casting disc is adopted as a casting disc, the surface quality of a cast rod is ensured, the diameter of the obtained cast rod is 454mm, and the specification of an aluminum alloy cast rod is 75MN cast rod phi 454mm multiplied by 6000 mm.
Wherein, the elements in the aluminum alloy cast rod and the mass percent thereof are as follows: si: 0.41 percent, 0.11 percent of Fe, 0.001 percent of Cu, 0.003 percent of Mn, 0.64 percent of Mg, 0.002 percent of Cr, 0.004 percent of Zn, 0.01 percent of Ti, 0.10 percent of Zr, 0.105 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity and the balance of Al.
(2) The aluminum alloy cast rod is subjected to solution aging heat treatment, the temperature is kept at 570 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 16 hours, the aluminum alloy cast rod is in a complete solution state, the quality of the cast rod is controlled to be 1 grade and loose 1 grade, and the cast rod has no segregation, cracks, oxide films and inclusion defects at low power.
(3) Heating the aluminum alloy cast rod obtained in the step (2) at 475 +/-5 ℃, and then sequentially carrying out extrusion pipe phi 512 multiplied by 8 forming, quenching, traction and tension stretching to obtain an aluminum alloy pipe; wherein, during extrusion forming, the extrusion coefficient is 13.12, the deformation degree is more than 90 percent, and the quenching speed of extrusion quality control is controlled within 60 seconds to achieve complete cooling; when the film was stretched under tension, the elongation was 1.2%.
The aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy can be applied to high-voltage power pipes.
Comparative example 1
The aluminum alloy cast rod of this comparative example contained no Re element, and the other production steps and parameters were the same as those of example 1.
Example 2
The preparation method of the rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, preserving heat, refining and casting the aluminum alloy material to obtain a 90MN aluminum alloy cast rod with phi 515mm multiplied by 6000mm, and cutting the head, tail, scale and lathe carriage of the cast rod, wherein the scale size is as follows: phi 515mm by 1500 mm.
The aluminum alloy material comprises: 90% of aluminum ingot and intermediate alloy, and 10% of cold material; the master alloy comprises: aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, magnesium ingot and aluminum-rhenium alloy.
The smelting steps are as follows: purging a charging vehicle, adding a cold material (the cold material analyzes chemical components in advance), adding an aluminum ingot, adding an aluminum-silicon alloy, starting an electromagnetic stirrer in the melting process to stir intensively, removing dross on the surface of a melt when the melt is melted to 752 +/-3 ℃, sequentially adding an aluminum-zirconium alloy, an aluminum-titanium alloy, a magnesium ingot and an aluminum-rhenium alloy, and controlling the time from charging to completion of melting within 6 hours; the heat preservation refining step is as follows: adopting liquid slag skimming, electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing processes; the casting steps are as follows: an online degassing device is adopted, a 50-mesh superposed 60-mesh filter plate is adopted for filtering during casting, the purity of aluminum liquid is ensured, an oil-gas sliding casting disc is adopted as a casting disc, the surface quality of a cast rod is ensured, the diameter of the obtained cast rod is 515mm, and the specification of the aluminum alloy cast rod is 90MN cast rod phi 515mm multiplied by 6000 mm.
Wherein, the elements in the aluminum alloy cast rod and the mass percent thereof are as follows: si: 0.44 percent, 0.12 percent of Fe, 0.001 percent of Cu, 0.003 percent of Mn, 0.67 percent of Mg, 0.002 percent of Cr, 0.004 percent of Zn, 0.01 percent of Ti, 0.10 percent of Zr, 0.15 percent of Re, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity and the balance of Al.
(2) The aluminum alloy cast rod is subjected to solution aging heat treatment, the temperature is kept at 570 +/-5 ℃, the heat preservation time is 16 hours, the aluminum alloy cast rod is in a complete solution state, the quality of the cast rod is controlled to be 1 grade and loose 1 grade, and the cast rod has no segregation, cracks, oxide films and inclusion defects at low power.
(3) Heating the aluminum alloy cast rod obtained in the step (2) at 480 +/-5 ℃, and then sequentially carrying out extrusion pipe material phi 600 multiplied by 8 forming, quenching, traction and tension stretching to obtain an aluminum alloy finished product; wherein, during extrusion forming, the extrusion coefficient is 14.27, the deformation degree is more than 90 percent, and the quenching speed of extrusion quality control is controlled within 60 seconds to achieve complete cooling; when the film was stretched under tension, the elongation was 1.5%.
The aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy can be applied to high-voltage power pipes.
Comparative example 2
The cast aluminum alloy rod of this comparative example contained no Re element, and the other production steps and parameters were the same as those of example 2.
Samples of the finished aluminum alloys of the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-2 were respectively subjected to a base material longitudinal mechanical property test according to GB/T228.1, a bending test according to GB/T232, a metallographic test according to GB/T3246.1, and a constant current thermal effect temperature test, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 aluminum alloy Performance test results
As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloys of examples 1-2 are superior in tensile strength, yield strength, elongation at break, hardness, conductivity, etc. to those of comparative examples 1-2, and the aluminum alloys of examples 1-2 have an average crystal grain size of 120 μm or less, a maximum crystal grain size of 250 μm or less, an intermetallic compound of 12 μm or less, a depth of coarse grain layer of 400 μm or less, and a grain grade of 3 or more, while the aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1-2 cannot achieve the above performance indexes. Therefore, the addition of Re can improve the properties of the aluminum alloy material such as elongation, hardness, electric conductivity, low temperature rise under constant current and the like.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting an aluminum alloy material, smelting, maintaining the temperature, refining and casting the aluminum alloy material to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
(2) carrying out solution aging heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast rod to enable the aluminum alloy cast rod to be in a complete solid solution state;
(3) heating the aluminum alloy cast rod obtained in the step (2) at 470-490 ℃, sequentially performing extrusion forming, quenching, traction and tension stretching to obtain an aluminum alloy finished product, and taking a sample for performance inspection.
2. The method for producing a rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the aluminum alloy material includes: 90% of aluminum ingot and intermediate alloy, and 10% of cold material; the master alloy comprises: aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-zirconium alloy, aluminum-titanium alloy, magnesium ingot and aluminum-rhenium alloy.
3. The method for preparing the rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the elements in the aluminum alloy cast rod and the mass percentages thereof are as follows: si: 0.40-0.45%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.2%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.1%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.1%, Mg: 0.63% -0.68%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.1%, Zn is less than or equal to 0.1%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.1%, Zr: 0.08% -0.20%, Re: 0.07-0.18 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total impurity and the balance of Al.
4. The method for preparing the rhenium element-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the smelting step is: firstly adding a cold material, then adding an aluminum ingot, finally adding an aluminum-silicon alloy, starting an electromagnetic stirrer in the melting process to strengthen stirring, removing floating slag on the surface of the melt when the melt is melted to 745-755 ℃, sequentially adding the aluminum-zirconium alloy, the aluminum-titanium alloy, the magnesium ingot and the aluminum-rhenium alloy, and controlling the time from feeding to melting to be within 6 hours; the heat preservation refining step is as follows: adopting liquid slag skimming, electromagnetic stirring and furnace bottom degassing processes; the casting steps are as follows: an online degassing device is adopted, a 50-mesh superposed 60-mesh filter plate is adopted for filtering during casting, an oil-gas sliding casting disc is adopted as the casting disc, and the diameter of the obtained casting rod is 200-600 mm.
5. The method for preparing a rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the specification of the aluminum alloy cast rod is 90MN cast rod phi 515mm x 6000mm or 75MN cast rod phi 454mm x 6000 mm; cutting the head, the tail, the fixed length and the wagon of the cast rod, wherein the fixed length size is as follows: phi 454mm × 720-.
6. The method for preparing the rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the aging heat treatment is carried out at 570 +/-5 ℃ for 16 hours; the quality control of the cast rod is in the grain size level of 1 and the porosity level of 1, and the cast rod has low power and has no segregation, crack, oxide film and inclusion defects.
7. The method for producing a rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the extrusion rate is more than 30 and the degree of deformation is more than 90% at the time of extrusion molding, and the extrusion quality control quenching speed is set to be completely cooled within 60 seconds; the stretching ratio is 0.8-1.5% when stretching under tension.
8. The aluminum alloy prepared by the method for preparing the rhenium-added heat-resistant aluminum alloy according to claim 1.
9. Use of the aluminum alloy of claim 8 in high voltage power pipes.
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| CN113584357A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-11-02 | 山东创新金属科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy for sliding bearing and preparation method thereof |
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