CN112852417A - 一种金属离子掺杂碳点溶液的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种金属离子掺杂碳点的制备方法。将柠檬酸、尿素与金属盐加入到溶剂中,混合搅拌,然后置于反应釜中,升温反应,反应结束,冷却至室温,即可得到具有超高量子产率与超高光学稳定性金属离子掺杂碳点溶液;本发明简单高效,一步合成出在365nm紫外光照射下呈现出黄色荧光的碳点,其具有激发不依赖的性质,最佳发射波长为556nm,量子产率高达92%,在紫外光连续照射24时条件下无荧光淬灭现象。该方法制备的碳点原料廉价,步骤简单,条件温和可控,制备出的碳点发光强度高,荧光稳定性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种荧光碳点溶液的制备,特别是涉及一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂碳点溶液的制备方法。
背景技术
碳点(Carbon Dots,CDs)是一种直径小于10纳米的零维碳纳米材料。CDs因为其荧光稳定高、耐光漂白且无光闪烁,激发波长和发射波长可调谐,原料廉价,生物相容性好,毒性低等优异的性能而备受广大研究者的关注。因此,CDs可以作为半导体量子点(如CdSe、CdTe、CuInS2、CsPbBr3等)和有机染料的替代物被应用于生物标记、生物成像、催化、防伪和光电器件等领域。
CDs的快速发展令人感到兴奋。但是,迄今为止人们制备的大部分CDs的量子产率位于2%~60%且光学稳定性一般,如2017年,北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院孙再成教授团队以柠檬酸与尿素为前驱体,二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,通过溶剂热法制备了一系列CDs,这些CDs的量子产率介于10%~55%之间。有许多重要的应用领域,例如在太阳能聚光器,LED和光学显示薄膜,需要同时具有高PLQY和超高光学稳定性的CDs。因此,如何解决此问题已成为CDs在这些领域中应用的重中之重。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有荧光CDs存在的缺点和不足,提供一种合成方法简单有效,原料廉价易得,反应条件温和,具有超高量子产率与超高稳定性的金属离子掺杂碳点溶液的制备方法。在365nm紫外灯照射下,合成出的CDs溶液分别呈现明亮的黄色荧光。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案如下:一种金属离子掺杂碳点溶液的制备方法,其特征在于,将柠檬酸、尿素与金属盐加入到溶剂中,混合搅拌,然后置于反应釜中,升温反应,反应结束,冷却至室温,即可得到具有超高量子产率与超高光学稳定性金属离子掺杂碳点溶液;所述金属盐为氯化铟、醋酸铟、氯化锰、醋酸锰、醋酸锌、硬脂酸锌、氯化镉、醋酸镉或硬脂酸镉中任意一种或几种。
优选所述的溶剂为甲苯、氯仿或四氯化碳中任意一种或几种。
优选所述的升温反应的反应温度为160~240℃,反应时间为3~24时。
优选柠檬酸与金属盐的摩尔比为1:(1~4);柠檬酸与尿素的摩尔比为1:(1~8)。
优选所得金属离子掺杂碳点的量子产率为60%~92%。
所述的一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法,其特征在于:所得金属离子掺杂CDs具有激发不依赖的性质,其最佳发射波长位于460~570nm。
所得金属离子掺杂碳点在紫外光连续照射24小时情况下无荧光淬灭现象。
有益效果:
本发明制备的金属离子掺杂CDs制备方法简单,材料成本低廉。此外,该CDs在掺杂离子之后量子产率得到提升,荧光颜色红移且荧光稳定性大幅提升,金属离子掺杂CDs在溶剂中分散性良好,这大大地拓宽了CDs的应用领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3中CDs的光致发光数据图;
图2为本发明实施例3中CDs在日光下(左)与紫外光下(激发波长:365nm,右)的荧光照片;
图3为本发明实施例3中CDs的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图;
图4为本发明实施例3中CDs的荧光稳定性图。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例说明本发明,但本发明并不仅限于以下实例。
实施例1
一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法:氯化铟的摩尔量为1mmol,柠檬酸的摩尔量为1mmol,尿素的摩尔量为4mmol,甲苯为10mL。
首先称取0.1921g(1mmol)柠檬酸、0.24g(4mmol)尿素、0.2212g(1mmol)氯化铟与10mL甲苯,混匀后将它们加入到聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,旋紧不锈钢釜盖,160℃加热5h。然后冷却至室温,得到透明棕色溶液。将该溶液用0.22微米滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂志颗粒,得到CDs溶液,然后用于表征分析。其最佳发射波长为462nm,量子产率为65%。所得金属离子掺杂碳点在紫外光连续照射24小时情况下无荧光淬灭现象。
实施例2
一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法:醋酸铟的摩尔量为2mmol,柠檬酸的摩尔量为1mmol,尿素的摩尔量为2mmol,甲苯为10mL。
首先称取0.1921g(1mmol)柠檬酸、0.12g(2mmol)尿素、0.5839g(2mmol)醋酸铟与10mL甲苯,混匀后将它们加入到聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,旋紧不锈钢釜盖,180℃加热12h。然后冷却至室温,得到透明金黄色溶液。将该溶液用0.22微米滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂志颗粒,得到CDs溶液,然后用于表征分析。其最佳发射波长为550nm,量子产率为76%。所得金属离子掺杂碳点在紫外光连续照射24小时情况下无荧光淬灭现象。
实施例3
一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法:氯化铟的摩尔量为2mmol,柠檬酸的摩尔量为1mmol,尿素的摩尔量为2mmol,甲苯为10mL。
首先称取0.1921g(1mmol)柠檬酸、0.12g(2mmol)尿素、0.4423g(2mmol)氯化铟与10mL甲苯,混匀后将它们加入到聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,旋紧不锈钢釜盖,200℃加热12h。然后冷却至室温,得到透明金黄色溶液。将该溶液用0.22微米滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂志颗粒,得到CDs溶液,将该CDs溶液直接进行层析柱色谱分离(二氯甲烷与甲醇质量比=50:1),最终主要得到纯净的黄色荧光CDs,并将其分散在二氯甲烷溶剂中,然后用于表征分析。如图1所示,其最佳发射波长为556nm,量子产率为92%,图2为左为该碳点的二氯甲烷溶液在日光下的照片,右为在365nm紫外光下的荧光照片,图3为该碳点的TEM图像及HRTEM图像,图4为该碳点在365nm紫外光下连续照射三小时的荧光强度变化图像,由图可见,其荧光强度在三个小时内几乎无变化。
实施例4
一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法:氯化铟的摩尔量为2mmol,柠檬酸的摩尔量为1mmol,尿素的摩尔量为2mmol,甲苯为10mL。
首先称取0.1921g(1mmol)柠檬酸、0.06g(2mmol)尿素、0.4423g(2mmol)氯化铟与10mL甲苯,混匀后将它们加入到聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,旋紧不锈钢釜盖,200℃加热12h。然后冷却至室温,得到透明金黄色溶液。将该溶液用0.22微米滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂志颗粒,得到CDs溶液,然后用于表征分析。其最佳发射波长为483nm,量子产率为68%。所得金属离子掺杂碳点在紫外光连续照射24小时情况下无荧光淬灭现象。
实施例5
一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法:氯化铟的摩尔量为2mmol,柠檬酸的摩尔量为1mmol,尿素的摩尔量为2mmol,氯仿为10mL。
首先称取0.3842g(1mmol)柠檬酸、0.06g(2mmol)尿素、0.4423g(2mmol)氯化铟与10mL氯仿,混匀后将它们加入到聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,旋紧不锈钢釜盖,200℃加热12h。然后冷却至室温,得到透明金黄色溶液。将该溶液用0.22微米滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂志颗粒,得到CDs溶液,然后用于表征分析。其最佳发射波长为531nm,量子产率为62%。所得金属离子掺杂碳点在紫外光连续照射24小时情况下无荧光淬灭现象。
实施例6
一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法:醋酸锰的摩尔量为4mmol,柠檬酸的摩尔量为1mmol,尿素的摩尔量为8mmol,甲苯为10mL。
首先称取0.1921g(1mmol)柠檬酸、0.48g(8mmol)尿素、0.9804g(4mmol)醋酸锰与10mL甲苯,混匀后将它们加入到聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,旋紧不锈钢釜盖,220℃加热24h。然后冷却至室温,得到透明金黄色溶液。将该溶液用0.22微米滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂志颗粒,得到CDs溶液,然后用于表征分析。其最佳发射波长为468nm,量子产率为64%。所得金属离子掺杂碳点在紫外光连续照射24小时情况下无荧光淬灭现象。
实施例7
一种具有超高量子产率金属离子掺杂CDs的制备方法:硬脂酸锌的摩尔量为2mmol,柠檬酸的摩尔量为1mmol,尿素的摩尔量为2mmol,甲苯为10mL。
首先称取0.1921g(1mmol)柠檬酸、0.12g(2mmol)尿素、1.2647g(2mmol)硬脂酸锌与10mL甲苯,混匀后将它们加入到聚四氟乙烯水热釜中,旋紧不锈钢釜盖,200℃加热12h。然后冷却至室温,得到透明金黄色溶液。将该溶液用0.22微米滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂志颗粒,得到CDs溶液,然后用于表征分析。其最佳发射波长为566nm,量子产率为85%。所得金属离子掺杂碳点在紫外光连续照射24小时情况下无荧光淬灭现象。
Claims (5)
1.一种金属离子掺杂碳点溶液的制备方法,其特征在于,将柠檬酸、尿素与金属盐加入到溶剂中,混合搅拌,然后置于反应釜中,升温反应,反应结束,冷却,即金属离子掺杂碳点溶液;其中所述金属盐为氯化铟、醋酸铟、氯化锰、醋酸锰、醋酸锌、硬脂酸锌、氯化镉、醋酸镉或硬脂酸镉中任意一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的溶剂为甲苯、氯仿或四氯化碳中任意一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:升温反应的反应温度为160~240℃,反应时间为3~24时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于柠檬酸与金属盐的摩尔比为1:(1~4);柠檬酸与尿素的摩尔比为1:(1~8)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所得金属离子掺杂碳点的量子产率为60%~92%。
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