CN112851538B - 一种二氧化碳促进胺或醇的酰基化方法 - Google Patents

一种二氧化碳促进胺或醇的酰基化方法 Download PDF

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CN112851538B
CN112851538B CN202110245303.XA CN202110245303A CN112851538B CN 112851538 B CN112851538 B CN 112851538B CN 202110245303 A CN202110245303 A CN 202110245303A CN 112851538 B CN112851538 B CN 112851538B
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李跃辉
王欢
李玉东
摆建飞
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种二氧化碳促进胺或醇的酰基化方法,该方法是指在二氧化碳作用下,将胺类化合物、羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物与反应溶剂混合,反应即得酰胺化合物;或在二氧化碳作用下,将醇类化合物、硫代羧酸盐类化合物与反应溶剂γ‑戊内酯混合,反应即得酯类化合物。本发明通过二氧化碳的促进作用,使用羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐作为酰基化试剂,在没有过渡金属催化剂存在的情况下,将胺和醇转化为酰胺和酯类化合物,避免了使用具有刺激性和腐蚀性的酰氯或酸酐等酰基化试剂,反应条件温和、底物官能团容忍度大、适用性强、产率高,为酰胺和酯类化合物的合成提供了一种高效可靠、经济的制备方法。

Description

一种二氧化碳促进胺或醇的酰基化方法
技术领域
本发明涉及酰胺类化合物和酯类化合物合成技术领域,尤其涉及一种二氧化碳促进胺或醇的酰基化方法。
背景技术
酰胺和酯是两类重要的化学品,胺和醇的酰基化是分别制备这两类化合物的重要方法。酰胺键不仅是许多天然产物(如肽、蛋白质等)的基本结构单元,同时也是化学品分子中重要的官能团,广泛存在于催化剂、药品、农用化学品和高分子中。
传统酰胺的制备方法往往需要使用酰氯或酸酐等酰基化试剂,反应对水敏感,且酰氯或酸酐具有刺激性气味(见:CN1035873C)。硫代羧酸作为一种新型酰基化试剂,在某些条件下,硫代羧酸可以在羟基存在下选择性地酰化氨基,硫代羧酸还可以先将叠氮基还原成氨基,然后直接酰化得到酰胺衍生物。但是硫代羧酸同样具有强的刺激性,在使用硫代羧酸作为酰基化反应试剂时往往需要使用有毒试剂、金属或昂贵的催化剂(见:ChemSusChem., 2019, 12, 2570-2575)。
目前,羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物因自身温和无刺激性,反应后处理简单等优势,将其作为酰基化试剂合成有机酰胺化合物备受关注。羧酸盐作为酰基化试剂可以使用羧酸锂盐类等化合物和胺进行反应(见:J. Med. Chem., 2016, 59, 965-984)。以硫代羧酸盐作为酰基化试剂合成有机酰胺化合物主要有两种方法:光催化和电催化方法。光催化方法是使用三联吡啶氯化钌作为光敏剂,利用胺和硫代羧酸钾形成酰胺的光氧化还原催化方法(见:ACS Catal., 2016, 6, 1732-1736);电催化方法是硫代羧酸盐在电的作用下生成二硫化合物,通过自由基机理与胺发生亲核作用得到酰胺化合物(见:ChemSusChem.,2019, 12, 2570-2575)。这两种方法需要使用光和电辅助手段,操作复杂。因此,有必要发展简单高效且绿色的方法来通过羧酸盐类或硫代羧酸盐类介导形成酰胺键,以避免额外的试剂,如催化剂、活化剂或有毒溶剂。
酯类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,很多酚酯化合物具有优良的粘温性能、抗氧化性能、低温性能和润滑性能。酯键是有机化学、药物化学、应用化工等学术领域的重要结构单元,已知的酯键构建方法主要利用各种具有亲电性的活化试剂如DCC、DEAD/Ph3P、Ph3P/NBS、Me2NSO2Cl/DMAP、Ph3P(V(FSO2)2O等(见:CN108191651A)。而上述试剂的使用往往带来诸如反应时间长、操作繁琐、反应条件苛刻、有毒有害等问题,因而探索和发展可在温和条件下实现酯化反应的新方法具有重要的科学意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高效可靠、经济的二氧化碳促进胺或醇的酰基化方法。
为解决上述问题,本发明所述的一种二氧化碳促进胺的酰基化方法,其特征在于:该方法是指在0.5 ~ 50 atm的二氧化碳作用下,将0.2 mmol胺类化合物、1~3当量的羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物与反应溶剂混合,于35℃反应8小时即得酰胺化合物。
所述反应溶剂是指乙二醇二甲醚(DME)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中的一种。
所述胺类化合物为:
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Figure 496852DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
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Figure 179954DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
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Figure 455843DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Figure 767875DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
中的任意一种。
所述羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物是指
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Figure 569128DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Figure 941203DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Figure 887294DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
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中的任意一种。
一种二氧化碳促进醇的酰基化方法,其特征在于:该方法是指在0.5 ~ 50 atm的二氧化碳作用下,将0.2 mmol醇类化合物、1~3当量的硫代羧酸盐类化合物与反应溶剂γ-戊内酯混合,于100℃反应16小时即得酯类化合物。
所述醇类化合物为:
Figure 753750DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
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Figure 593530DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 136506DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Figure 241997DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
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Figure 161411DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Figure 665817DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Figure 379696DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
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中的任意一种。
所述硫代羧酸盐类化合物是指
Figure 238061DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
1、本发明通过二氧化碳的促进作用,使用羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐作为酰基化试剂,在没有过渡金属催化剂存在的情况下,将胺和醇转化为酰胺和酯类化合物,避免了使用具有刺激性和腐蚀性的酰氯或酸酐等酰基化试剂,反应条件温和、底物官能团容忍度大、适用性强、产率高,为酰胺和酯类化合物的合成提供了一种高效可靠、经济的制备方法。
2、本发明使用二氧化碳为促进剂,乙二醇二甲醚或乙酸乙酯或二甲基亚砜为反应溶剂,酰胺化合物的产率显著提高,乙酰化产率高达86%以上,苯甲酰化产率高达99%以上。
3、本发明实现了使用二氧化碳为促进剂,γ-戊内酯为反应溶剂的条件下酯类化合物的产率显著提高,产率高达79%以上。
4、本发明使用二氧化碳作为反应的促进剂,无需使用光或电、过渡金属等附加条件,操作简单,反应绿色环保。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明的酰胺化合物3的氢谱图。
图2为本发明的酰胺化合物3的碳谱图。
图3为本发明的酯类化合物5的氢谱图。
图4为本发明的酯类化合物5的碳谱图。
具体实施方式
一种二氧化碳促进胺的酰基化方法:该方法是指在0.5 ~ 50 atm的二氧化碳作用下,将0.2 mmol胺类化合物、1~3当量的羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物与反应溶剂混合,于35℃反应8小时即得酰胺化合物。
其中:反应溶剂是指乙二醇二甲醚(DME)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中的一种。
胺类化合物为:
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Figure 244380DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 20838DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Figure 350188DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Figure 549088DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 780085DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure 39028DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Figure 855675DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Figure 592686DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 929121DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Figure 358965DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Figure 397328DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Figure 751081DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Figure 456868DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 605084DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
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Figure 289302DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Figure 505519DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Figure 450342DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
Figure 615875DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
中的任意一种。
羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物是指
Figure 558423DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Figure 58675DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
Figure 479292DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Figure 764911DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Figure 612781DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
Figure 600329DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Figure 824636DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
中的任意一种。
当反应溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚(DME)、羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物为羧酸钾或硫代羧酸钾时,合成酰胺化合物的化学反应通式(I)为:
Figure 964762DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
式中:R1为不同卤素、烷基、酯基等取代的芳基、萘基、吲哚基团的任意一种;R2为氢、烷基、苄基或含有苯基、呋喃基的烷基基团的任意一种;R3为甲基、苯基、正丁基、环己基、对氯苯基中的任意一种。
当反应溶剂为乙二醇二甲醚(DME)或二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物为脂肪类羧酸钾或硫代羧酸钾时,合成酰胺化合物的化学反应通式(II)、(III)、(IV)为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
由化学反应通式(II)所制得的酰胺产物结构为:
Figure 311430DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
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Figure 723956DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
Figure 302355DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
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Figure 546255DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
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Figure 814556DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
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Figure 776696DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
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Figure 155856DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
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Figure 254262DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
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Figure 755781DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
Figure 953020DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
Figure 119559DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
中的任意一种。
当反应溶剂为乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)或二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物为芳香族羧酸钾或芳香族硫代羧酸钾时,合成酰胺化合物的化学反应通式(V)、(VI)为:
Figure 88783DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
一种二氧化碳促进醇的酰基化方法:该方法是指在0.5 ~ 50 atm的二氧化碳作用下,将0.2 mmol醇类化合物、1~3当量的硫代羧酸盐类化合物与反应溶剂γ-戊内酯混合,于100℃反应16小时即得酯类化合物。
其中:醇类化合物为:
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Figure 556991DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Figure 543532DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Figure 554214DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Figure 584487DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
Figure 680619DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Figure 126643DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 70460DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
Figure 209317DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Figure 855062DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Figure 104778DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Figure 894312DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Figure 204070DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
Figure 337111DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
中的任意一种。
硫代羧酸盐类化合物是指
Figure 390518DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
该化学反应通式(VII)为:
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由化学反应通式(VII)所制得的酯类产物结构为:
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Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
Figure 586324DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
Figure 691814DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
Figure 611229DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
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Figure 118565DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
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Figure 832443DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
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Figure 687879DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
中的任意一种。
实施例1
将0.2 mmol胺类反应底物如N-甲基苯胺溶于1 mL乙二醇二甲醚中,再加入3当量的羧酸钾或硫代羧酸钾,反应在二氧化碳(1 atm)氛围下35℃反应8 h,冷却至室温,将反应混合物倒入10 mL水中,用10mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相并用15mL饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相后,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,粗产物经过一段约10厘米长的硅胶层析柱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1~ 2:1)进行纯化,分别得到相应的酰胺化合物3a、化合物3b、化合物3c、化合物3d、化合物3e、化合物3f、化合物3g、化合物3h、化合物3i、化合物3j、化合物3k、化合物3l、化合物3m、化合物3n、化合物3o、化合物3p、化合物3q、化合物3r、化合物3s、化合物3t、化合物3u、化合物3v、化合物3w、化合物3x、化合物3y、化合物3z。
波谱数据如下:
Figure 145405DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
N-甲基-N-(邻甲苯基)乙酰胺(N-methyl-N-(o-tolyl)acetamide)(3a)
棕色油状液体;产率= 42%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.29 – 7.22 (m, 3H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 3.17(s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.76 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ= 170.8, 143.1, 135.4, 131.5, 128.4, 127.9,127.5, 35.9, 21.9, 17.3.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
N-甲基-N-(间甲苯基)乙酰胺(N-methyl-N-(m-tolyl)acetamide) (3b)
黄色固体; 产率= 91%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ= 7.31 – 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.0 Hz,1H), 7.00 – 6.93 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.90 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ= 170.6, 144.6, 139.8, 129.5, 128.5, 127.6,124.0, 37.1, 22.4, 21.3.
Figure 569564DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
N-甲基-N-(对甲苯基)乙酰胺(N-methyl-N-(p-tolyl)acetamide) (3c)
棕色固体; 产率= 78%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.20 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.09 – 7.02 (m,2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 1.86 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =170.8, 142.1, 137.6, 130.3, 126.8, 37.2,22.4, 21.0.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
1-乙酰基吲哚啉(1-acetylindoline)(3d)
白色固体; 产率= 75%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =8.21 (s, 1H), 7.20 – 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.03 –6.96 (m, 1H), 4.01 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.19 (s,3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =168.7, 142.9, 131.1, 127.5, 124.5, 123.5,117.0, 48.8, 28.0, 24.2.
Figure 470655DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
N-丁基-N-苯基乙酰胺(N-butyl-N-phenylacetamide) (3e)
棕色油状液体;产率= 54%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.40 (m, 2H), 7.36 – 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.19 –7.08 (m, 2H), 3.77 – 3.57 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.32 – 1.25(m, 2H), 0.86 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =170.2, 143.3, 129.6, 128.2, 127.8, 48.8,29.9, 22.8, 20.0, 13.8.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
N-苄基-N-苯基乙酰胺(N-benzyl-N-phenylacetamide) (3f)
棕色油状液体; 产率 = 31%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.35 – 7.27 (m, 3H), 7.27 – 7.22 (m, 3H),7.19 (m, 2H), 7.04 – 6.92 (m, 2H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 1.88 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =170.4, 142.9, 137.5, 129.5, 128.8,128.4, 128.2, 127.9, 127.3, 52.8, 22.7.
Figure 737689DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
1-乙酰基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-acetylquinoline)(3g)
棕色油状液体;产率 = 15%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.15 (m,4H), 3.79 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H),2.72 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.96 (m,2H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =170.2, 128.4, 126.1, 125.2, 124.6, 26.9,24.1, 23.2, 1.0.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
N,N-二苄基乙酰胺(N,N-dibenzylacetamide) (3h)
棕色油状液体; 产率 = 91%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.40 – 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 4H), 7.25 –7.21 (m, 2H), 7.19 – 7.13 (m, 2H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =171.2, 137.3, 136.5, 129.0, 128.6, 128.3,127.7, 127.5, 126.4, 50.8, 48.0, 21.7.
Figure 733326DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
N-乙基-N-苯基乙酰胺(N-ethyl-N-phenylacetamide)(3i)
棕色油状液体;产率 =64%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.45 – 7.39 (m, 2H), 7.37 – 7.31 (m, 1H),7.18 – 7.13 (m, 2H), 3.75 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.82 (s, 3H), 1.11 (t, J = 8.0Hz, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =170.0, 143.0, 129.7, 128.3, 127.9, 43.8,22.8, 13.1.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
N-苯丁基乙酰胺(N-(4-Phenylbutyl)acetamide) (3j)
棕色油状液体; 产率 = 90%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.28 – 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.20 – 7.13 (m, 3H),5.68 (s, 1H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 2.62 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 1.69 –1.60 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 2H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =170.2, 142.1, 128.4, 128.4, 125.8, 39.5,35.5, 29.2, 28.7, 23.3.
Figure 215254DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
N-(2-呋喃甲基)乙酰胺(N-(2-Furylmethyl)acetamide)(3k)
棕色油状液体;产率 = 77%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.34 (m, 1H), 6.31 (m, 1H), 6.22 (m, 1H),5.90 (s, 1H), 4.41 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =169.8, 151.3, 142.2, 110.5, 107.4, 36.6,23.1.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
N-(4-氯苯基)乙酰胺(N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide) (3l)
棕色固体; 产率 = 92%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =7.46 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 4.0Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.27 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H),2.16 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =168.4, 136.5, 129.3, 129.0, 121.1, 24.5.
Figure 536514DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
N-乙醯萘胺(N-(naphthalen-2-yl)acetamide) (3m)
棕色固体; 产率 = 94%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =8.17 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J = 14.0 Hz, 1H),7.74 (m, 3H), 7.42 (m, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =168.9, 135.5, 133.8, 130.7, 128.7, 127.7,127.6, 126.5, 125.0, 120.1, 116.9, 24.6.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
N-(3-氟苯基)乙酰胺(N-(3-fluorophenyl)acetamide)(3n)
白色固体; 产率 = 48%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =8.19 (s, 1H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.22 (m, 1H),7.15 (m, 1H), 6.84 – 6.70 (m, 1H), 2.16 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ =169.1, 164.2, 161.8, 139.7, 139.5, 130.1,123.0, 115.3, 115.3, 111.1, 110.9, 107.6, 107.4, 24.4.
Figure 841244DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
5-乙酰氨基吲哚(5-acetamidoindole)(3o)
棕色油状液体; 产率 = 93%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ =8.43 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H),7.25 (s, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.15 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s,3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.8, 133.4, 130.3, 128.0, 125.3,116.7, 113.1, 111.2, 102.6, 24.3.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
N-(2-(苯氨基)苯基)乙酰胺(N-(2-(phenylamino)phenyl)acetamide) (3p)
粉色固体; 产率 = 90%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.86 – 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.27(s, 1H), 7.24 – 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.15 – 7.05 (m, 2H), 6.88 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),6.83 – 6.76 (m, 2H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.2, 144.8, 134.3, 131.7, 129.4,125.7, 124.5, 123.5, 123.0, 120.4, 116.4, 24.3.
Figure 906152DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
N-(4-氯苯基)-N-甲基乙酰胺(N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methylacetamide) (3q)
棕色油状液体;产率 = 88%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.43 – 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.18 – 7.07 (m, 2H),3.23 (s, 3H), 1.86 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 170.3, 143.2, 133.6, 130.0, 128.5, 37.1,22.4.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
3-乙酰氨基苯基乙酸酯(3-acetamidophenyl acetate)(3r)
棕色油状液体;产率 = 49%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.24 (t, J =8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 – 7.09 (m, 1H), 6.83 – 6.72 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s,3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3): δ = 169.9, 168.6, 151.0, 139.2, 129.5, 117.0,117.0, 113.4, 24.5, 21.1.
Figure 242586DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
N-乙酰苯胺(Acetanilide)(3s)
棕色油状液体; 产率 = 89%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 8.09 – 7.87 (m, 1H), 7.57 – 7.47 (m, 2H),7.32 – 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.12 – 7.05 (m, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.9, 138.1, 128.9, 124.3, 120.1, 24.4.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
N-(4-(叔丁基)苯基)乙酰胺(N-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)acetamide)(3t)
白色固体; 产率 = 88%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.45 – 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.35 –7.28 (m, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.29 (s, 9H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.6, 147.3, 135.4, 125.8, 120.0, 34.4,31.4, 24.4.
Figure 469168DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
N-(4-乙基苯基)乙酰胺(N-(4-ethylphenyl)acetamide) (3u)
棕色油状液体; 产率 = 92%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.43 – 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.15 –7.09 (m, 2H), 2.60 (q, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.20 (t, J = 8.0 Hz,3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.5, 140.4, 135.6, 128.3, 120.2, 28.3,24.4, 15.6.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
N-(3-氯苯基)乙酰胺(N-(3-chlorophenyl)acetamide) (3v)
棕色油状液体; 产率 = 80%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.37 – 7.30(m, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (m, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.6, 139.1, 134.6, 130.0, 124.4,120.0, 117.8, 24.6.
Figure 523843DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
N-苯基苯甲酰胺(N-phenylbenzamide)(3w)
白色固体; 产率 = 95%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.87 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H), 7.65 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.58 – 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.48 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (t, J = 8.0Hz, 2H), 7.15 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 165.8, 138.0, 135.1, 131.8, 129.1,128.8, 127.0, 124.6, 120.3.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE107
N-苯基戊酰胺(N-phenylpentanamide) (3x)
白色固体; 产率 = 89%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H),7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.35 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H),1.70 (m, 2H), 1.44 – 1.33 (m, 2H), 0.98 – 0.87 (m, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 171.9, 171.7, 138.1, 129.0, 124.2,120.0, 120.0, 37.5, 27.7, 22.4, 13.8.
Figure 126863DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
N-苯基环己烷甲酰胺(N-phenylcyclohexanecarboxamide)(3y)
白色固体; 产率 = 85%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.53 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (t, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.08 (m,1H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.01 – 1.90 (m, 2H),1.89 – 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.28 (m, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 174.5, 138.2, 129.0, 124.1, 119.8,119.8, 46.6, 29.7, 25.7.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
N-(4-氨基苯基)-4-氯苯甲酰胺(N-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-chlorobenzamide) (3z)
白色固体; 产率 = 82%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.82 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.41 – 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H),7.17 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 163.7, 137.2, 132.4, 128.3, 128.2,128.1, 127.5, 123.9, 119.3.
实施例2
将0.2 mmol酚类反应底物如苯酚溶于1 mLγ-戊内酯中,再加入3当量的硫代乙酸钾,反应在二氧化碳(1 atm)氛围下100oC反应14小时,冷却至室温,将反应混合物倒入10mL水中,用10mL乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相并用15 mL饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相后,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,粗产物经过一段约10厘米长的硅胶层析柱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1~ 2:1)进行纯化,得到相应的酯类化合物5a、化合物5b、化合物5c、化合物5d、化合物5e、化合物5f、化合物5g、化合物5h、化合物5i、化合物5j、化合物5k、化合物5l、化合物5m、化合物5n。
波谱数据如下:
Figure 317804DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
邻甲苯乙酸酯(o-tolyl acetate) (5a)
无色液体; 产率 = 83%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.33 – 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.09(dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.2, 149.5, 131.2, 130.2, 127.0,126.1, 122.0, 20.8, 16.1.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE111
间甲苯乙酸酯(m-tolyl acetate) (5b)
无色液体; 产率 = 90%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.31 – 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.09 – 7.04 (m, 1H),6.97 – 6.86 (m, 2H), 2.42 – 2.35 (m, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.6, 150.8, 139.6, 129.2, 126.7,122.2, 118.6, 21.3, 21.1.
Figure 980866DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
对甲苯乙酸酯(p-tolyl acetate)(5c)
无色液体; 产率 = 85%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.24 – 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.0 Hz,2H), 2.37 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.7, 148.6, 135.4, 130.0, 121.3, 21.1,20.8.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
2-溴苯乙酸酯(2-bromophenyl acetate) (5d)
棕色液体; 产率 = 66%.
1H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl3): δ = 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.38 – 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.17 –7.09 (m, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 167.5, 147.3, 132.4, 127.5, 126.4,122.8, 115.3, 19.8.
Figure 254328DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
4-氯苯基乙酸酯(4-chlorophenyl acetate)(5e)
棕色液体; 产率 = 41%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.34 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.04 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.2, 148.2, 130.2, 128.5, 121.9, 20.0.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
4-碘苯乙酸酯(4-iodophenyl acetate)(5f)
黄色液体; 产率 = 79%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.68 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.0, 150.6, 138.5, 123.8, 89.8, 21.1.
Figure 661039DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
乙酸-1-萘酯(naphthalen-1-yl acetate)(5g)
白色固体; 产率 = 72%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.90 (m, 2H), 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.57 – 7.52(m, 2H), 7.51 – 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.30 – 7.25 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz,CDCl3): δ = 169.47, 146.70, 134.72, 128.09, 126.86,126.48, 126.06, 125.44, 121.19, 118.13, 21.00.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
乙酸-2-萘酯(naphthalen-2-yl acetate)(5h)
白色固体; 产率 = 76%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.83 – 7.79 (m, 1H), 7.58(d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 – 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.27 – 7.23 (m, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.6, 148.4, 133.8, 131.5, 129.4,127.8, 127.7, 126.6, 125.7, 121.2, 118.6, 21.2.
Figure 972065DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
2-甲氧基苯基乙酸酯(2-methoxyphenyl acetate) (5i)
黄色液体; 产率 = 83%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 7.00 – 6.91(m, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.0, 150.2, 138.9, 125.9, 121.8,119.8, 111.5, 54.8, 19.6.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE119
2-乙氧基苯基乙酸酯(2-ethoxyphenyl acetate) (5j)
棕色液体; 产率 = 86%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.18 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 7.00 – 6.90(m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.39 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 168.0, 149.5, 139.2, 125.8, 121.7,119.7, 112.6, 63.3, 19.5, 13.7.
Figure 540450DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
3-乙酰苯基乙酸酯(3-acetylphenyl acetate) (5k)
白色固体; 产率 = 84%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.80 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H),7.46 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.30 (s,3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 196.9, 169.2, 150.9, 138.6, 129.6,126.4, 125.7, 121.4, 26.6, 21.0.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE121
1,4-苯基二乙酸酯(1,4-phenylene diacetate) (5l)
白色固体; 产率 = 51%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.09 (s, 4H), 2.28 (s, 6H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.3, 148.1, 122.4, 21.0.
Figure 569717DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
4-氰基苄基乙酸酯(4-cyanobenzyl acetate) (5m)
棕色固体; 产率 = 60%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.63 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 169.5, 140.3, 131.4, 127.3, 117.5,111.0, 64.0, 19.8.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE123
乙酸苯乙酯(phenethyl acetate) (5n)
无色液体; 产率 = 74%.
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.18–7.29 (m, 5 H), 4.26 (t, J = 8.0 Hz,2H), 2.90 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2 H), 1.99 (s, 3 H).
13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 170.67, 137.62, 128.66, 128.27, 126.33,64.68, 34.88, 20.65.
本发明中反应条件的筛选实验。
【酰胺类化合物反应条件的筛选】
以0.2mmol N-甲基苯胺1和0.6mmol硫代乙酸钾2在1mL溶剂反应条件下,考察不同溶剂、温度、时间的影响,具体步骤如下:
将0.2mmolN-甲基苯胺和0.6mmol硫代乙酸钾溶于反应溶剂中,在二氧化碳氛围(1atm)下设置不同的温度、时间进行反应,反应完全后的混合物经过一段约10厘米长的硅胶层析柱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1)进行纯化,将得到相应的酰胺化合物3 :N-甲基-N-苯基乙酰胺(N-methyl-N-phenylacetamide)。结果见表1,氢谱及碳谱见图1~2。
波谱数据:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.41 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 7.32(t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 1.86 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 170.6, 144.7, 129.7, 127.7, 127.1, 37.2, 22.4.
Figure 514539DEST_PATH_IMAGE124
表1 酰胺化反应条件的筛选结果
Figure 680072DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
注:[a]表示气相收率,使用十二烷做内标。[b]表示反应在氮气氛围下。
由表1和图1~2可以看出,通过反应条件的筛选,二氧化碳促进下的胺类化合物酰胺化反应在35 ℃下反应8小时可得86%的收率,对照试验是在N2氛围下进行,如表1中记录6所示,只能得到个位数的收率,充分证明了二氧化碳对酰胺化反应的促进作用。
【酯类化合物反应条件的筛选】
以0.2 mmol苯酚4和0.6 mmol硫代乙酸钾2在1 mL溶剂反应条件下,考察不同溶剂、温度、时间的影响,具体步骤如下:
将0.2 mmol苯酚和0.6mmol硫代乙酸钾溶于反应溶剂中,反应在二氧化碳(1 atm)氛围下设置不同的温度、时间进行反应,反应完全后的混合物经过一段约10厘米长的硅胶层析柱(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=2:1)进行纯化,将得到相应的酯类化合物5:乙酸苯酯(phenylacetate)。结果见表2,氢谱及碳谱见图3~4。
波谱数据:1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.45 – 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.26 (t, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 – 7.07 (m, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ= 169.4, 150.8, 129.4, 125.8, 121.6, 21.1.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE127
表2 酯化反应条件的筛选结果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE129
注:[a]表示气相收率,使用十二烷做内标。[b]表示反应在氮气氛围下。
由表2和图3~4可以看出,通过反应条件的筛选,二氧化碳促进下的醇类化合物酯化反应在100 ℃下反应14小时可得79%的收率,对照试验是在N2氛围下进行,如表2中记录10所示,只能得到34%的收率,充分证明了二氧化碳对酯化反应的促进作用。

Claims (2)

1.一种二氧化碳促进胺的酰基化方法,其特征在于:该方法是指在0.5 ~ 50 atm的二氧化碳作用下,将0.2 mmol胺类化合物、1~3当量的羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物与反应溶剂混合,于35℃反应8小时即得酰胺化合物;
所述胺类化合物为:
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中的任意一种;
所述羧酸盐或硫代羧酸盐类化合物是指
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中的任意一种。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种二氧化碳促进胺的酰基化方法,其特征在于:所述反应溶剂是指乙二醇二甲醚、乙酸乙酯、二甲基亚砜中的一种。
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