CN112851479A - 一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法 - Google Patents

一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN112851479A
CN112851479A CN202110092710.1A CN202110092710A CN112851479A CN 112851479 A CN112851479 A CN 112851479A CN 202110092710 A CN202110092710 A CN 202110092710A CN 112851479 A CN112851479 A CN 112851479A
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陆展
陆鹏
任翔
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法:以式I所示的二取代烯烃为原料,以常压氢气作为氢源,FeX2‑8‑OIQ络合物为催化剂,以硅烷类化合物、乙腈为助催化剂,在还原剂的作用下,反应12‑24小时制得式II所示的手性烷基化合物。本发明方法反应条件温和,操作简便,原子经济性高。另外,反应无需其他任何的有毒过渡金属(如钌、铑、钯等)盐类的加入,在药物和材料合成上具有较大的实际应用价值。且反应的转化率也较好,一般均可达到>99%,对映体选择性也较高,一般为70%~99%。
Figure DDA0002911352710000011

Description

一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷 基化合物的方法
技术领域
本方法涉及一种亚胺喹啉噁唑啉(8-OIQ)铁络合物催化剂催化的1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应来制备手性烷基化合物的方法,尤其是通过该方法可以经简单的反应制备具有光学活性的手性药物分子中间体。
背景技术
手性是自然界的一种基本属性,“沙利度胺事件”使人们逐渐认识到了手性的重要性。烯烃的不对称催化氢化反应由于具有原子经济性,操作简单,反应活性高,环境友好等优点,是最有效的获得手性化合物的方法之一,在手性药物、天然产物的合成、农药分子的工业化生产中已有广泛的应用。Knowles和Noyori 等人也因此于2001年分享了诺贝尔化学奖。[a)Knowles,W.S.Angew.Chem.Int. Ed.2002,41,1998;b)Noyori,R.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2002,41,2008.]
烯烃不对称氢化反应的核心是金属与手性配体,其中,贵金属以铑钌铱等占主导地位,手性配体以DIPAMA双膦配体、BINAP双膦配体、Duphos双膦配体、手性螺环类氮磷配体、膦氧噁唑啉配体等双齿含膦配体为主[a)Knowles,W. S.;Sabacaky,M.J.;etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1975,97,2567;b)Miyashita,A.;Yasuda, A.;Takaya,A.;etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1980,102,7932;c)Noyori,R.;Ohta,M., Hsiao,Y.;etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1986,108,7117;d)Burk,M.J.Acc.Chem.Res. 2000,33,363;e)Xie,J.H.;Wang,L.X.;Fu,Y.;et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125, 4404;f)Tolstoy,P.;Engman,M.;Paptchikhine,A.;Bergquist,J.;Church,T.L.; Leung,A.W.-M.;Andersson,P.G.;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2009,131,8855.;g)Kaiser,S.; Smidt,S.P.;Pfaltz,A.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2006,45,5194.;h)Biosca,M.;Magre, M.;Pàmies,O.;Diéguez,M.;ACS Catal.2018,8,10316.;i)Perry,M.C.;Cui,X.H.; Powell,M.T.;Hou,D.-R.;Reibenspies,J.H.;Burgess,K.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003, 125,113.]。然而由于贵金属具有储量稀少,价格昂贵,具有较高的毒性等特点,因此发展地球丰产金属及其催化剂来替代贵金属近年来受到越来越多的关注。地球丰产金属具有廉价易得,储量丰富,对环境友好等优点,其中金属铁在地壳中是储量第二大金属元素,廉价金属铁具有良好的生物兼容性,比如人体内的血红蛋白中就含有金属铁来负责人体内的氧气的传输作用。因此发展廉价金属铁及其催化剂用于烯烃的不对称氢化反应具有重要价值。但是,目前已报道的铁催化的烯烃的氢化反应均为外消旋化反应。[a)Bart,S.C.;Lobkovsky,E.;Chirik,P.J.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2004,126,13794-13807;b)Hoyt,J.M.;Shevlin,M.; Margulieux,G.W.;Krska,S.W.;Tudge,M.T.;Chirik,P.J.Organometallics 2014,33, 5781-5790.c)Chirik,P.J.Acc.Chem.Res.2015,48,1687.d)Guo,N.;Hu,M.-Y.; Feng,Y.;Zhu,S.-F.Org.Chem.Front.,2015,2,692-696;e)Frank,D.J.;Guiet,L.;
Figure BDA0002911352690000021
A.;Murphy,E.;Thomas,S.P.RSC Adv.2013,3,25698.f)E.J.Daida and J.C. Peters,Inorg.Chem.,2004,43,7474.g)Sunada,Y.;Ogushi,H.;Yamamoto,T.;Uto, S.;Sawano,M.;Tahara,A.;Tanaka,H.;Shiota,Y.;Yoshizawa,K.;Nagashima,H.J. Am.Chem.Soc.,2018,140,4119-4134.]。根据文献调研与资料的查询,铁催化的烯烃的不对称氢化反应具有以下挑战性。第一,金属铁具有多变的价态(-2to+5 价),设计合适的配体稳定铁的金属价态具有挑战性。第二,铁与配体配位后,在活化试剂作用下,金属容易与配体发生解离,导致烯烃的氢化发生背景反应,得到外消旋化产物。[Hoyt,J.M.;Shevlin,M.;Margulieux,G.W.;Krska,S.W.; Tudge,M.T.;Chirik,P.J.Organometallics 2014,33,5781.]
2016年,浙江大学的陆展课题组利用亚胺吡啶噁唑啉手性配体(OIP)与廉价金属钴成功的实现了1,1-二芳基烯烃的不对称氢化反应,[Chen,J.-H.;Chen,C.-H.; Ji,C.-L.;Lu,Z.Org.Lett.2016,18,1594.]。其后又尝试使用OIP铁催化剂来催化 1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应,可惜的是,反应的产率较低且有大量的异构化现象发生。因此,发展新型铁催化剂催化简单烯烃的不对称氢化反应具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明通过课题组构建的亚胺喹啉噁唑啉含氮三齿配体(8-OIQ)与廉价金属铁络合形成的催化剂催化简单1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应,可以获得很好的转化率与对映体选择性,本方法的应用底物范围广,具有很好的官能团容忍性,此外通过调节催化剂的位阻可以立体专一性的氢化1,1-二取代烯烃且保持其他小位阻三取代烯烃双键保持稳定。通过该方法也可以简单的合成有用的药物分子中间体。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法,所述方法为:以式I所示的二取代烯烃为原料,以常压氢气作为氢源, FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为催化剂,以硅烷类化合物、乙腈为助催化剂,在还原剂的作用下,反应12-24小时制得式II所示的手性烷基化合物;
Figure BDA0002911352690000031
式II中,*代表手性碳原子。
本发明的反应式可用下式表示:
Figure BDA0002911352690000032
式I或式II中,R1任选自C2-C8的烷基、萘基、式III所示的基团或C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基;
所述R1中,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基A取代,所述取代基A为苯基、萘基、杂环芳基或取代苯基;所述杂环芳基为吲哚基、吡啶基、吡咯基、噻吩基或呋喃基;所述取代苯基是指苯基上的H被1个以上的取代基B取代的苯基,所述取代基B为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、卤素或C1-C3的烷硫基;
所述R1中,所述C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基为吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基苯并二恶唑基、苯并噁唑基或呋喃基,优选吡啶基、吲哚基或苯并二恶唑基;
所述R1中,所述的萘基、C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基C取代,所述取代基C为C1-C3的烷基或C1-C3的烷氧基;
Figure BDA0002911352690000033
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团中,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8任选自H、卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基中的任意一种,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8全为H时,式III所示即为苯基;所述卤素为F或Cl。
式I或式II中,R2任选自C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述 C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基的上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基D取代,所述取代基D为苯基、取代苯基、C1-C3的氨基或1,3-二氧戊环基。
或者式I或式II中,R1和R2连接成环,形成C9-C12的苯并环烷基;所述苯并环烷基上的H不被取代或被被1个以上的取代基E取代,所述取代基E为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基或卤素;优选的,R1和R2连接成苯并环庚烷。
所述R1和R2是不相同的取代基。
进一步,所述R1优选为C2-C8的烷基、萘基、6-甲氧基萘基、吡啶基、2- 甲氧基吡啶基、吲哚基、N-甲基吲哚基、苯并二恶唑基或式III所示的基团。
所述R1中,R1为C2-C8的烷基时,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H被取代基A取代,R1可以表示为RA-(CH2)n-,n为2~8的整数,RA为碳链上的取代基A, RA优选为苯基、萘基或对甲氧基苯基。
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团优选为苯基或有1-2个取代基的取代苯基,所述取代苯基上的取代基优选为卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、 C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基。
R2优选为C2-C6的烷基、C2-C6的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述C2-C6的烷基的上的H不被取代或被取代基D取代,R2为C2-C6的烷基,且烷基上的H被取代基 D取代时,R2可以表示为RD-(CH2)m-,m为2~6的整数,所述取代基D优选为苯基、C1-C3的氨基、4-甲氧基苯基或1,3-二氧戊环基。
本发明方法中,所述的硅烷类化合物为苯硅烷(PhSiH3)或正十八烷基硅烷 (n-C18H37SiH3)。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的所述合成方法中加入有机溶剂,所述的有机溶剂是苯、四氯化碳、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、乙腈、二氧六环、石油醚、环己烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、N,N-二甲酰胺中的任意一种,优选为甲苯。
所述有机溶剂的用量一般以式I所示的二取代烯烃的物质的量计为1~10 mL/mmol。
本发明的还原剂为三乙基硼氢化钠、三仲丁基硼氢化钠、三乙基硼氢化锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇锂、叔戊醇钠、乙醇钠、甲醇钠、甲醇钾中的任意一种,优选三乙基硼氢化钠、叔丁醇钠、乙醇钠或甲醇钠,更优选为三乙基硼氢化钠。
本发明以常压氢气作为氢源,在反应瓶上插入氢气球即可。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的式I所示的二取代烯烃、FeX2-8-OIQ络合物、硅烷类化合物、乙腈,还原剂的物质的量之比为1∶0.00001-0.1∶0.02-0.2∶ 0.1-0.3∶0.06-0.3,优选为1∶0.001~0.05∶0.2∶0.2∶0.15。
作为进一步地改进,本发明反应温度为0℃~室温。
作为进一步地改进,本发明反应结束后,所得粗产物经过后处理制得式Ⅱ所示的手性烷基化合物,所述后处理手段包括薄层层析、柱层析或减压蒸馏,优选柱层析。
本发明所用的催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物(8-OIQ:8-噁唑啉亚胺喹啉配体) 为光学纯的式IV所示的化合物或其对映体或消旋体,式IV中,R9是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a 取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-4个取代基b取代的芳基a;所述芳基a为苄基、苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或 Cl;
R10是H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基b;所述芳基b为苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或 C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或Cl;
R11、R12、R13、R14、R15各自独立为H、C1-C12烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F、 Cl、硝基或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基;
R16、R17各自独立为H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基a;
R18是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基 b取代的芳基a;
式IV中,*代表手性碳原子。
Figure BDA0002911352690000061
X为F、Cl、Br、I、OAc、CF3SO3中的任意一种,优选为Cl或Br。
进一步,所述催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物优选为式IV所示的化合物,式IV 中,优选R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17均为H;优选R10为C1-C4的烷基或二苯基次甲基;优选R9为C1-C4的烷基、苄基、苯基或2,6-二异丙基苯基;优选R18为C1-C4的烷基、苄基或苯基;X为Cl或Br。
更进一步,所用的手性FeX2-8-OIQ络合物优选如式IV-1或式IV-2所示
Figure BDA0002911352690000062
本发明中,所述式IV所示的化合物可通过以下方法制得:
氮气保护下,式(1)所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物和亚铁盐FeX2在有机溶剂中反应1~10小时,制得式IV所示的金属络合物;所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃或2-甲基四氢呋喃;
Figure BDA0002911352690000071
式(1)中的R9~R18,*均如前所述。
所述式(1)所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物和亚铁盐FeX2的物质的量之比为2.2~0.9∶1,优选1.1~0.9∶1,更优选1.1~1∶1。
式IV所示的金属化合物的合成可以在低的或高的温度下进行,例如-20-150℃温度,优选常温下进行即可。
原料式(1)所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物可按以下方法制备:
(a)、式(2)所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物与式(3)所示的胺类化合物在催化剂的作用下进行缩合反应,制得式(4)所示的化合物;
(b)、氮气保护下,式(4)所示的化合物与式(5)所示的噁唑啉类化合物在过渡金属无机盐和有机膦配体、无机碱催化下进行偶联反应,制得式(1) 所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物。
Figure BDA0002911352690000072
R9~R18,*如前所述。
所述步骤(a)中,式(2)所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物与式(3)所示的胺类化合物的物质的量之比为1∶1-10,优选1∶1~5,更优选1∶1~2。
所述步骤(a)在催化剂的作用下进行,所述催化剂为为质子酸或分子筛,优选对甲苯磺酸,所述催化剂的物质的量用量为式(2)所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物的物质的量的1~5%。
所述步骤(a)的反应溶剂为有机溶剂,优选为甲苯、苯或二甲苯,更优选为甲苯。
所述步骤(a)的反应需要加热至回流,分水器分水,进行反应,反应时间为15~30小时。
步骤(b)为过渡金属Ru、Rh、Pd、Ir无机盐和有机膦配体、无机碱催化的偶联反应。
所述的步骤(b)在过渡金属无机盐、有机膦配体、无机碱催化下进行,所述过渡金属无机盐是指Ru、Rh、Pd、Ir的无机盐,优选醋酸钯。所述无机碱优选为叔丁醇锂;所述有机膦配体优选1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷。
所述的步骤(b)中,式(4)所示的化合物、式(5)所示的噁唑啉类化合物、过渡金属无机盐、有机膦配体,无机碱的物质的量之比为1∶1-5∶0.01-1∶ 0.02-2∶2-10,优选为1∶1~3∶0.01-0.1∶0.02-0.1∶2-4。
所述的步骤(b)中在有机溶剂中进行,所述的有机溶剂为苯、四氯化碳、石油醚、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷、二氧六环、乙腈中的任意一种,优选为二氧六环。所述的反应温度-0℃至150℃,优选加热至回流进行反应,反应时间为1小时到 48小时。
本发明方法提供了一种有效的由FeX2-8-OIQ络合物尤其是手性FeX2-8-OIQ 络合物为催化剂,硅烷类化合物,乙腈为助催化剂,由1,1-二取代烯烃和常压氢气高对映体选择性的合成光学活性的烷烃类化合物的方法。
与现有不对称氢化反应方法相比,该方法适用于多种不同类型的烯烃,烯烃的底物合成方法简便,本发明方法反应条件温和,操作简便,原子经济性高。另外,反应无需其他任何的有毒过渡金属(如钌、铑、钯等)盐类的加入,在药物和材料合成上具有较大的实际应用价值。本发明利用大位阻的催化剂,可以对多烯烃原料进行选择性的催化氢化。本发明反应的转化率也较好,一般均可达到>99%,对映体选择性也较高,一般为70%~99%。
附图说明
图1催化剂式IV-2所示化合物的的单晶结构图。
图2实施例不对称氢化产物II-3所示化合物的单晶结构图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地具体说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此。
实施例中所用的催化剂如下所示,式IV-1所示的化合物,简称FeCl2-8-OIQ。
金属络合物优选使用量为0.001-10mol%,更优选0.1-5mol%。
式IV-2的单晶结构如图1所示,CCDC号:2011869。
催化剂合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0002911352690000091
催化剂具体合成步骤如下,式(3)所示的胺类化合物是市售可得的,式(2) 所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物依照文献(K.
Figure BDA0002911352690000092
E.Pump,A.E.Pazio,K.
Figure BDA0002911352690000093
L.Cavallo,C.Slugovc Beilstein J.Org.Chem.2015,11,1458.)制备。式 (5)所示的噁唑啉类化合物依照文献(J.Chen,T.Xi,Z.Lu Org.Chem.Front., 2018,5,247.)制备。
8-溴-2乙酰基喹啉(2)的制备
在氮气保护下,250mL三口烧瓶内加入8-溴-甲酰基喹啉(6.9451g,29.3mmol,1.0equiv)与乙醚(147ml)中,在0℃下滴加甲基溴化镁(3M in hex 12.7mL 1.3equiv),滴加完毕后,反应回到室温,搅拌12h,加入10mL饱和氯化铵溶液,15mL乙醚进行萃取三次,10mL饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥1-2小时。反应液浓缩后,加入100mL二氯甲烷,22.31g PDC(重铬酸吡啶鎓58.8mmol,2.0equiv) 和PDC等质量的硅胶(23.10g)。室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕后过滤除去固体,用二氯甲烷进行洗涤,反应液浓缩后得到黄色固体,通过柱层析进行分离,得到白色固体8-溴-2-乙酰基喹啉4.3615g(17.4mmol,59%产率)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07-7.99(m,2H),7.93(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.65-7.58 (m,1H),7.56(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.96(s,3H);与[S.Nagy,L.N.Winslow,S.Mihan; L.Lukesova,E.Nifant′ev,P.V.Ivchenko,V.Bagrov,US Patent 2012/00160922012.] 所报道的产物数据相符。
8-溴-2-亚胺喹啉(4)-S的制备
2,6-二异丙基苯胺(4.2516g,24mmol,1.2equiv)与8-溴-2-乙酰基喹啉(5.0g,20mmol,1.0equiv)溶于50mL甲苯中,对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.0761g,0.40mmol, 2mol%)催化,加热回流分水反应24h,乙醇重结晶得到7.3078g(17.9mmol, 90%产率)8-溴-2-亚胺喹啉(4)-S。IR(neat):2959,2924,1696,1643,1493,1462, 1362cm-1;1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.24(d,J= 8.4Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=8.0,7.6 Hz,1H),7.22-7.17(m,2H),7.15-7.10(m,1H),2.80-2.72(m,2H),2.43(s,3H),1.17 (d,J=3.2Hz,6H),1.15(d,J=3.2Hz,6H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ 167.3,156.5,146.5,144.3,136.6,135.5,133.1,130.0,127.8,127.4,125.9,123.7, 123.0,119.4,28.3,23.2,22.8,16.9;HRMS(ESI)calculated for[C23H26BrN2]+ (M+H+),requires m/z 409.1279,found m/z 409.1290.
配体L的合成
氮气保护下,(4)-s(1.0213g,2.52mmol,1equiv)与(S)-异丙基噁唑啉环(0.3821g,3.375mmol,1.35equiv)在15mL 1,4-二氧六环中,醋酸钯(0.0281g,0.0125 mmol,5mol%),1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷(0.0558g,0.14mmol,5.6mol%),叔丁醇锂(0.4005g,5mmol,2equiv),随后冷冻,抽气,熔化循环操作3次,补上氮气后升温至沸腾,反应41h,得到0.8456g(1.9mmol,76%产率)含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉亚胺喹啉噁唑啉的化合物L。
(2)催化剂的合成:
N2条件下,在一个干燥的50mL大肚反应瓶中,加入(0.95eq.)的无水氯化亚铁,加入0.1M的干燥四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌,然后将制备好的8-OIQ配体(1.0eq.) 用少量四氢呋喃溶解,加入反应瓶中,室温条件下搅拌3-4小时。反应结束,旋干溶剂,用干燥的Et2O洗涤三次,用真空油泵抽干,得到棕色固体粉末状产物IV-1。式IV-2的合成则将异丙基噁唑啉环改为叔丁基噁唑啉环配体,无水氯化亚铁改为无水溴化亚铁即可。
Figure BDA0002911352690000111
实施例1:手性FeX2-8-OIQ络合物催化的1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应
标准条件:
室温下,在一个干燥的反应试管中加入(手性)FeCl2-8-OIQ(IV-1)络合物(0.025mmol),烯烃(0.5mmol),n-C18H37SiH3(0.10mmol),乙腈(0.10 mmol),甲苯(1mL),插入H2气球,三乙基硼氢化钠(0.075mmol),然后在室温或0℃下搅拌24小时后柱层析分离得到产物。
II-1:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-methoxybenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000112
(m,1H),1.61-1.49(m,2H),1.21(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),0.81(t,J= 7.6Hz,3H).
II-2:(R)-1-(苄氧基)-4-(仲丁基)苯
(R)-1-(benzyloxy)-4-(sec-butyl)benzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000113
8.8Hz,2H),6.91(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.04(s,2H),2.59-2.51(m,1H),1.60-1.52(m, 2H),1.21(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.82(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz, CDCl3)δ156.9,140.1,137.3,128.5,127.9,127.8,127.5,114.5,70.0,40.8,31.3,22.0,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C17H20O]+ requires m/z 240.1514,found m/z 240.1516.
II-3:(R)-2-(4-(仲丁基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷
(R)-2-(4-(sec-butyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
Figure BDA0002911352690000121
2H),7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.65-2.55(m,1H),1.65-1.55(m,2H),1.33(s,12H), 1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J=7.6Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ 151.1,134.8,126.5,83.6,41.9,31.0,24.8,21.7,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for [C16H25O2B]+ requires m/z260.1948,found m/z 260.1949.该产物在0℃是固体,单晶决定了绝对构型,结构图在附件图2,CCDC号:2055703。
II-4:(R)-(4-(仲丁基)苯基)(甲基)硫烷
(R)-(4-(sec-butyl)phenyl)(methyl)sulfane
Figure BDA0002911352690000122
8.0Hz,2H),8.3(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.60-2.51(m,1H),2.47(s,3H),1.61-1.54(m, 2H),1.21(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J=7.6Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz, CDCl3)δ144.9,135.0,127.6,127.1,41.2,31.1,21.8,16.3,12.2;HRMS(EI) calcukated for[C11H16S]+requiresm/z 180.0973,found m/z 180.0974.
II-5:(R)-5-(仲丁基)苯并[d][1,3]二恶唑
(R)-5-(sec-butyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole
Figure BDA0002911352690000123
0.82(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).IR(neat):2961,2927,1487,1440,1249cm-11H NMR: (400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ6.73(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.68(s,1H),6.62(d,J=8.0Hz,1H), 5.92(s,2H),2.57-2.47(m,1H),1.60-1.48(m,2H),1.19(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J =7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ147.5,145.4,141.7,119.9,107.9,107.2,100.7,41.5,31.3,22.1,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C11H14O2]+ requires m/z 178.0994,found m/z178.0992.
II-6:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-4-氟苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-fluorobenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000131
(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.80(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ161.1 (d,J=241.3Hz),143.2(d,J=2.9Hz),128.3(d,J=7.3Hz),114.9(d,J=20.4Hz), 41.0,31.3,22.0,12.1;19F NMR:(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.1.
II-7:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-4-氯苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-chlorobenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000132
2H),7.10(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.61-2.53(m,1H),1.62-1.51(m,2H),1.21(d,J=6.8 Hz,3H),0.80(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ146.1,131.3, 128.4,128.3,41.1,31.1,21.8,12.1;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C10H13Cl]+ requires m/z 168.0706,found m/z 168.0706.
II-8:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-3-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-3-methoxybenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000133
1261cm-11H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.21(t,J=7.8Hz, 1H),6.79-6.72(m,3H),3.80(s,3H),2.61-2.52(m,1H),1.64-1.00(m,2H),1.23(d,J =6.8Hz,3H),0.83(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ159.6, 149.5,129.1,119.5,113.0,110.7,55.1,41.7,31.1,21.8,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C11H16O]+ requires m/z 164.1201,found m/z164.1203.
II-9:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-2-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-2-methoxybenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000141
1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.19-7.12(m,2H),6.95-6.82(m, 2H),3.81(s,3H),3.16-3.04(m,1H),1.70-1.54(m,2H),1.19(d,J=6.8Hz,3H), 0.84(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13CNMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ157.1,135.9,126.7,126.4, 120.5,110.4,55.3,33.4,29.8,20.4,12.1;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C11H16O]+ requires m/z 164.1201,found m/z164.1202.
II-10:(R)-5-(仲丁基)-1-甲基-1H-吲哚
(R)-5-(sec-butyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole
Figure BDA0002911352690000142
1H),7.07(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),6.42(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.77 (s,3H),2.74-2.63(m,1H),1.71-1.59(m,2H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.83(t,J= 7.2Hz,3H);13CNMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ138.6,135.4,128.7,128.5,121.1, 118.6,108.8,100.5,41.7,32.7,31.6,22.6,12.4;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C13H17N]+ requires m/z 187.1361,found m/z 187.1362.
II-11:(R)-1-(己-2-基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(hexan-2-yl)-4-methoxybenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000143
1247cm-11H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.10(d,J=8.8Hz, 2H),6.83(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),2.67-2.57(s,1H),1.56-1.48(m,2H), 1.34-1.07(m,7H),0.85(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6, 140.1,127.8,113.6,55.2,39.0,38.3,29.9,22.8,22.5,14.0;HRMS(EI)calculated for [C13H20O]+ requires m/z 192.1514,found m/z192.1514.
II-12:(R)-1-(庚-2-基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(heptan-2-yl)-4-methoxybenzene
油状液体,>99%转化率,Optical Rotation:[α]20 D=-26.7(c
Figure BDA0002911352690000144
1375cm-11H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.09(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.83(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),2.67-2.57(m,1H),1.55-1.47(m,2H),1.30-1.10(m,9H),0.85 (t,J=6.4Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6,140.1,127.7,113.6,55.1, 39.0,38.6,31.9,27.4,22.6,22.5,14.1;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C14H22O]+ requires m/z 206.1671,found m/z206.1672.
II-13:(R)-1-甲氧基-4-(辛烷-2-基)苯
(R)-1-methoxy-4-(octan-2-yl)benzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000151
1375cm-11H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.09(d,J=8.8Hz, 2H),6.83(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),2.67-2.57(m,1H),1.56-1.48(m,2H), 1.30-1.10(m,11H),0.85(t,J=6.4Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6, 140.1,127.7,113.6,55.1,39.1,38.6,31.8,29.4,27.7,22.6,22.5,14.1;HRMS(EI) calculated for[C15H24O]+requires m/z 220.1827,found m/z 220.1826.
II-14:(R)-N,N-二甲基-4-(对甲苯基)戊基-1-胺
(R)-N,N-dimethyl-4-(p-tolyl)pentan-1-amine
Figure BDA0002911352690000152
1515,1374cm-11H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.12-7.04(m, 4H),2.70-2.59(m,1H),2.31(s,3H),2.25-2.14(m,8H),1.61-1.52(m,2H),1.47-1.28 (m,2H),1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);13CNMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ144.4,135.2, 128.9,126.8,59.8,45.4,39.5,36.1,25.8,22.4,20.9;HRMS(EI)calculated for [C14H23N]+requires m/z 205.1830,found m/z205.1832.
II-15:(R)-丙烷-1,2-二基二苯
(R)-propane-1,2-diyldibenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000153
(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ147.0,140.8,129.1,128.3, 128.1,127.0,126.0,125.8,45.0,41.8,21.1.
II-16:(1R,3R)-3-(4-((R)-仲丁基)苯氧基)-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚烷(1R,3R)-3-(4-((R)-sec-butyl)phenoxy)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Figure BDA0002911352690000161
CDCl3)δ7.06(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.76(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.32-4.25(m,1H), 2.58-2.47(m,1H),2.40-2.30(m,1H),2.29-2.18(m,1H),1.81-1.69(m,2H), 1.61-1.50(m,2H),1.23-1.37(m,2H),1.20(d,J=7.2Hz,3H)1.13(dd,J=13.2,, 3.2Hz,1H),0.97-0.88(m,9H),0.81(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz, CDCl3)δ157.2,139.2,127.7,115.1,82.7,49.5,47.5,45.2,40.8,36.9,31.3,27.9, 26.8,22.0,19.7,19.0,13.8,12.3.HRMS(EI)calculated for[C20H30O]+ requires m/z 286.2297,found m/z 286.2297.
II-17:(R,E)-1-(仲丁基)-4-((3,7-二甲基辛基-2,6-二烯-1-基)氧基)苯 (R,E)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-((3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy)benzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000162
1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.08(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.4Hz,2H), 5.50(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.10(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.51(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.59-2.48 (m,1H),2.18-2.04(m,4H),1.73(s,3H),1.68(s,3H),1.58(s,3H),1.57-1.51(m,2H), 1.21(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J=7.6Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ 157.0,140.8,139.6,131.7,127.8,123.8,119.8,114.4,64.8,40.8,39.5,31.3,26.3, 25.6,22.0,17.6,16.6,12.2.HRMS(EI)calculated for[C20H30O]+ requires m/z 286.2297,found m/z 286.2298.
II-18:(R)-2-(3-(3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丁基)-1,3-二氧戊环 (R)-2-(3-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)butyl)-1,3-dioxolane
Figure BDA0002911352690000163
7.03(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.71-6.63(m,2H),4.81(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.01-3.79(m,7H),2.71-2.59(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),1.73-1.49(m,4H),1.25(d,J=7.2Hz,3H); 13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6,146.1,130.4,124.0,118.6,108.8,104.6, 64.8,55.2,39.9,32.4,32.1,22.4,15.8;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C15H22O3]+ requires m/z 250.1569,found m/z250.1569.
II-19:(R)-5-甲基-6,7,8,9-四氢-5H-苯并[7]环庚烷
(R)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene
Figure BDA0002911352690000171
1H),1.86-1.68(m,3H),1.51-1.30(m,5H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ146.5, 142.8,129.2,126.0,125.6,125.2,37.7,36.1,36.0,30.1,27.8,20.4.
II-20:(R)-1-(3,4-二甲基戊基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(3,4-dimethylpentyl)-4-methoxybenzene
Figure BDA0002911352690000172
1.69-1.56(m,2H),1.44-1.25(m,2H),0.93-0.77(m,9H).
实施例2使用大位阻催化剂FeCl2-8-OIQ(tBu噁唑环)选择性的氢化1,1-二取代烯烃
Figure BDA0002911352690000173
室温下,在一干燥的反应试管中加入(手性)FeCl2-8-OIQ络合物(0.025mmol),烯烃(0.5mmol),n-C18H37SiH3(0.10mmol),CH3CN(0.10mmol),甲苯(1mL),插入H2气球,三乙基硼氢化钠(0.075mmol),然后在室温或0℃下搅拌12小时后柱层析分离得到产物。油状液体,>99%转化率,Optical Rotation:[α]20 D=-32.5(c 1.75,CHCl3).93%ee.得到的产物经过简单的脱甲基得到天然产物 (R)-xanthorrhizol.
实施例3药物分子中间体的合成
Figure BDA0002911352690000181
在20mL反应管中,加入实施例中II-18(0.0404g,0.14mmol),加入冰醋酸(6mL),水(2mL)。加热到60℃搅拌2h。冷却到室温,加入氢氧化钠溶液调节PH=7,加入乙酸乙酯萃取(3x10mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,通过柱层析(PE/EtOAc (30/1))得到目标化合物(0.0286g,88%yield)。无色液体,Optical Rotation:[α]20 D=-33.9(c 0.91,CHCl3).96%ee,1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ9.68(t,J=1.6Hz, 1H),7.14-7.03(m,4H),2.75-2.63(m,1H),2.39-2.24(m,2H),1.99-1.79(m,2H), 1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ202.4,142.9,135.7,129.1, 126.8,42.1,38.8,30.3,22.3,20.9.(化合物数据与文献一致:Song,S.;Zhu,S.-F.; Yang,S.;Li,S.;Zhou,Q.-L.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,2708.)根据已知文献即可进一步反应获得(R)-curcumene。
实施例4多种催化剂催化性能和反应条件对比实验
Figure BDA0002911352690000182
Figure BDA0002911352690000183
Figure BDA0002911352690000191
a反应条件为烯烃(0.5mmol),氢气球,硅烷(20mol%),乙腈(20mol%),催化剂(5mol%),还原剂三乙基硼氢化钠(15mol%),甲苯1mL,在室温(rt) 或0℃反应12小时。b产物鉴定和产率由核磁氢谱采用内标法(三甲基苯硅烷)检测。cee值由气湘色谱(手性B-DM柱)检测。

Claims (10)

1.一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法,其特征在于所述方法为:以式I所示的二取代烯烃为原料,以常压氢气作为氢源,FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为催化剂,以硅烷类化合物、乙腈为助催化剂,在还原剂的作用下,反应12-24小时制得式II所示的手性烷基化合物;
Figure FDA0002911352680000011
式II中,*代表手性碳原子;
式I或式II中,R1为C2-C8的烷基、萘基、式III所示的基团或C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基;
所述R1中,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基A取代,所述取代基A为苯基、萘基、杂环芳基或取代苯基;所述杂环芳基为吲哚基、吡啶基、吡咯基、噻吩基或呋喃基;所述取代苯基是指苯基上的H被1个以上的取代基B取代的苯基,所述取代基B为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、卤素或C1-C3的烷硫基;
所述R1中,所述C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基为吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基苯并二恶唑基、苯并噁唑基或呋喃基;
所述R1中,所述的萘基、C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基C取代,所述取代基C为C1-C3的烷基或C1-C3的烷氧基;
Figure FDA0002911352680000012
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团中,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8任选自H、卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基中的任意一种,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8全为H时,式III所示即为苯基;所述卤素为F或Cl;
式I或式II中,R2为C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基的上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基D取代,所述取代基D为苯基、取代苯基、C1-C3的氨基或1,3-二氧戊环基;
或者式I或式II中,R1和R2连接成环,形成C9-C12的苯并环烷基;所述苯并环烷基上的H不被取代或被被1个以上的取代基E取代,所述取代基E为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基或卤素;
所述R1和R2是不相同的取代基。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述R1为C2-C8的烷基、萘基、6-甲氧基萘基、吡啶基、2-甲氧基吡啶基、吲哚基、N-甲基吲哚基、苯并二恶唑基或式III所示的基团;
所述R1中,R1为C2-C8的烷基时,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H被取代基A取代,R1表示为RA—(CH2)n—,n为2~8的整数,RA为碳链上的取代基A,RA为苯基、萘基或对甲氧基苯基;
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团为苯基或有1-2个取代基的取代苯基,所述取代苯基上的取代基为卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基;
R2为C2-C6的烷基、C2-C6的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述C2-C6的烷基的上的H不被取代或被取代基D取代,R2为C2-C6的烷基,且烷基上的H被取代基D取代时,R2可以表示为RD—(CH2)m—,m为2~6的整数,所述取代基D为苯基、C1-C3的氨基、4-甲氧基苯基或1,3-二氧戊环基。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所用的催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为光学纯的式IV所示的化合物或其对映体或消旋体,
Figure FDA0002911352680000021
式IV中,R9是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-4个取代基b取代的芳基a;所述芳基a为苄基、苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或Cl;
R10是H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基b;所述芳基b为苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或Cl;
R11、R12、R13、R14、R15各自独立为H、C1-C12烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F、Cl、硝基或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基;
R16、R17各自独立为H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基a;
R18是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基a;
式IV中,*代表手性碳原子;
X为F、Cl、Br、I、OAc、CF3SO3中的任意一种。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为式IV所示的化合物,式IV中,R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17均为H;R10为C1-C4的烷基或二苯基次甲基;R9为C1-C4的烷基、苄基、苯基或2,6-二异丙基苯基;R18为C1-C4的烷基、苄基或苯基;X为Cl或Br。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述FeX2-8-OIQ络合物如式IV-1或式IV-2所示
Figure FDA0002911352680000031
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述的硅烷类化合物为苯硅烷或正十八烷基硅烷。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法中加入有机溶剂,所述的有机溶剂是苯、四氯化碳、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、乙腈、二氧六环、石油醚、环己烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、N,N-二甲酰胺中的任意一种。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述还原剂为三乙基硼氢化钠、三仲丁基硼氢化钠、三乙基硼氢化锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇锂、叔戊醇钠、乙醇钠、甲醇钠、甲醇钾中的任意一种。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述的式I所示的二取代烯烃、FeX2-8-OIQ络合物、硅烷类化合物、乙腈,还原剂的物质的量之比为1:0.00001-0.1:0.02-0.2:0.1-0.3:0.06-0.3。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于反应的温度为0℃~室温。
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