CN112851479A - 一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112851479A CN112851479A CN202110092710.1A CN202110092710A CN112851479A CN 112851479 A CN112851479 A CN 112851479A CN 202110092710 A CN202110092710 A CN 202110092710A CN 112851479 A CN112851479 A CN 112851479A
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- Prior art keywords
- substituted
- alkyl
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- phenyl
- substituents
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- -1 alkyl compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 150000004698 iron complex Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 38
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-NQMVMOMDSA-N (+)-Borneol Natural products C1C[C@]2(C)[C@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-NQMVMOMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004455 (C1-C3) alkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- JPRPJUMQRZTTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolanyl Chemical group [CH]1OCCO1 JPRPJUMQRZTTED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005792 Geraniol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N Geraniol Natural products CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N KU0063794 Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCO GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940113087 geraniol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-methylpropan-2-olate Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LZWQNOHZMQIFBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- FUESFIVIIFEDFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecylsilicon Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si] FUESFIVIIFEDFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CGRKYEALWSRNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-methylbutan-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC(C)(C)[O-] CGRKYEALWSRNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanide Chemical compound C[N-]C QKIUAMUSENSFQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 11
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphane Chemical compound PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JCZCFNGKDJIKQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-bromoquinolin-2-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C(Br)C2=NC(N)=CC=C21 JCZCFNGKDJIKQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- RFRRSHWJBPVXBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(8-bromoquinolin-2-yl)ethanone Chemical compound C1=CC=C(Br)C2=NC(C(=O)C)=CC=C21 RFRRSHWJBPVXBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003828 SiH3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGEOZYQKQHPUFZ-SECBINFHSA-N 1-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-2-methoxybenzene Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=CC=C1OC XGEOZYQKQHPUFZ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXMVMPVERANRST-MRVPVSSYSA-N 1-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4-chlorobenzene Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MXMVMPVERANRST-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXMZZBGUGAUSGP-SECBINFHSA-N 1-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-4-methylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)SC JXMZZBGUGAUSGP-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UDYNKNDSKSDTQI-LLVKDONJSA-N 1-[(2R)-hexan-2-yl]-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](C)c1ccc(OC)cc1 UDYNKNDSKSDTQI-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VWYYEPCUSMYQPJ-SECBINFHSA-N 1-[(2r)-butan-2-yl]-3-methoxybenzene Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 VWYYEPCUSMYQPJ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VADJQCNDAHTNDW-MRVPVSSYSA-N 1-[(2r)-butan-2-yl]-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VADJQCNDAHTNDW-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNFIOPFQNROLBN-SECBINFHSA-N 1-[(2r)-butan-2-yl]-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 SNFIOPFQNROLBN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPGSPXKLIPOGON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-3-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 IPGSPXKLIPOGON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGRCWJPBLWGNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-n-(4-chlorophenyl)-n,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1N(C)C(=O)C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl IGRCWJPBLWGNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJEVNKLRYOBLHT-GFCCVEGCSA-N CC(C)[C@H](C)CCC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](C)CCC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC SJEVNKLRYOBLHT-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQGSMTJARVOICM-CYBMUJFWSA-N CCCCCC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC DQGSMTJARVOICM-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMOYUVZWGRGUFK-GFCCVEGCSA-N CCCCC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC Chemical compound CCCCC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OC UMOYUVZWGRGUFK-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHSKBTHCFREGAJ-CQSZACIVSA-N CC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHSKBTHCFREGAJ-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMTNKKGSYDTWRU-SNVBAGLBSA-N CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C2N(C)C=CC2=C1 Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C2N(C)C=CC2=C1 YMTNKKGSYDTWRU-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- JGKIBVLRRJMCAV-SNVBAGLBSA-N (5R)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CCCCc2ccccc12 JGKIBVLRRJMCAV-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYXNATZCTBFSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-3-chlorobenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 KYXNATZCTBFSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNMLIYFMOVEXEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-butyl-4-methylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound CSC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 JNMLIYFMOVEXEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004293 19F NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- DTMCOYOYXVFCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,6-tetramethyl-1h-quinoline Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=C2C(C)=CC(C)(C)NC2=C1 DTMCOYOYXVFCKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1C1CCC(=O)NC1=O UEJJHQNACJXSKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFJSDLRVUFZWGX-GFCCVEGCSA-N 2-[4-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]phenyl]-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)c1ccc(cc1)B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 KFJSDLRVUFZWGX-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVEZUCIZWRDMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical group CC(C)C1=NCCO1 FVEZUCIZWRDMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEBDQSMWXLUBOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical group CC(C)(C)C1=NCCO1 ZEBDQSMWXLUBOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFDGJDBLYNJMFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,1-benzoxazin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC=NC2=C1 SFDGJDBLYNJMFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDWSNKPLZUXBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ZDWSNKPLZUXBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQCUMCDCSNTCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]phenol Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LQCUMCDCSNTCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBIPTQSGZRQISQ-MRVPVSSYSA-N 5-[(2r)-butan-2-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 PBIPTQSGZRQISQ-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEOQXHNKRXRCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5h-benzo[7]annulene Chemical compound C1CCCCC2=CC=CC=C21 HEOQXHNKRXRCTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFDUIUOATSXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-bromoquinoline-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=C(C=O)N=C2C(Br)=CC=CC2=C1 AFDUIUOATSXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IFWCKSPJCYHDKI-WYDCGXNWSA-N CC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1O[C@H]1C(CC2)C(C)(C)[C@@]2(C)C1 Chemical compound CC[C@@H](C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1O[C@H]1C(CC2)C(C)(C)[C@@]2(C)C1 IFWCKSPJCYHDKI-WYDCGXNWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFUVKFFZBJNYDB-CYBMUJFWSA-N C[C@H](CCCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 Chemical compound C[C@H](CCCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 SFUVKFFZBJNYDB-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010813 internal standard method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;carbanide;bromide Chemical compound [CH3-].[Mg+2].[Br-] NXPHGHWWQRMDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZUGBLTVBZJZOE-KRWDZBQOSA-N n-[3-[(4s)-2-amino-1,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-5h-pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl]-5-chloropyrimidine-2-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(N)N(C)C(=O)C[C@@]1(C)C1=CC=CC(NC(=O)C=2N=CC(Cl)=CN=2)=C1 VZUGBLTVBZJZOE-KRWDZBQOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000020030 perry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003433 thalidomide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKWGCEDRLNNZOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xanthorrhizol Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 FKWGCEDRLNNZOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本方法涉及一种亚胺喹啉噁唑啉(8-OIQ)铁络合物催化剂催化的1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应来制备手性烷基化合物的方法,尤其是通过该方法可以经简单的反应制备具有光学活性的手性药物分子中间体。
背景技术
手性是自然界的一种基本属性,“沙利度胺事件”使人们逐渐认识到了手性的重要性。烯烃的不对称催化氢化反应由于具有原子经济性,操作简单,反应活性高,环境友好等优点,是最有效的获得手性化合物的方法之一,在手性药物、天然产物的合成、农药分子的工业化生产中已有广泛的应用。Knowles和Noyori 等人也因此于2001年分享了诺贝尔化学奖。[a)Knowles,W.S.Angew.Chem.Int. Ed.2002,41,1998;b)Noyori,R.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2002,41,2008.]
烯烃不对称氢化反应的核心是金属与手性配体,其中,贵金属以铑钌铱等占主导地位,手性配体以DIPAMA双膦配体、BINAP双膦配体、Duphos双膦配体、手性螺环类氮磷配体、膦氧噁唑啉配体等双齿含膦配体为主[a)Knowles,W. S.;Sabacaky,M.J.;etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1975,97,2567;b)Miyashita,A.;Yasuda, A.;Takaya,A.;etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1980,102,7932;c)Noyori,R.;Ohta,M., Hsiao,Y.;etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1986,108,7117;d)Burk,M.J.Acc.Chem.Res. 2000,33,363;e)Xie,J.H.;Wang,L.X.;Fu,Y.;et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003,125, 4404;f)Tolstoy,P.;Engman,M.;Paptchikhine,A.;Bergquist,J.;Church,T.L.; Leung,A.W.-M.;Andersson,P.G.;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2009,131,8855.;g)Kaiser,S.; Smidt,S.P.;Pfaltz,A.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2006,45,5194.;h)Biosca,M.;Magre, M.;Pàmies,O.;Diéguez,M.;ACS Catal.2018,8,10316.;i)Perry,M.C.;Cui,X.H.; Powell,M.T.;Hou,D.-R.;Reibenspies,J.H.;Burgess,K.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2003, 125,113.]。然而由于贵金属具有储量稀少,价格昂贵,具有较高的毒性等特点,因此发展地球丰产金属及其催化剂来替代贵金属近年来受到越来越多的关注。地球丰产金属具有廉价易得,储量丰富,对环境友好等优点,其中金属铁在地壳中是储量第二大金属元素,廉价金属铁具有良好的生物兼容性,比如人体内的血红蛋白中就含有金属铁来负责人体内的氧气的传输作用。因此发展廉价金属铁及其催化剂用于烯烃的不对称氢化反应具有重要价值。但是,目前已报道的铁催化的烯烃的氢化反应均为外消旋化反应。[a)Bart,S.C.;Lobkovsky,E.;Chirik,P.J.J.Am.Chem.Soc.2004,126,13794-13807;b)Hoyt,J.M.;Shevlin,M.; Margulieux,G.W.;Krska,S.W.;Tudge,M.T.;Chirik,P.J.Organometallics 2014,33, 5781-5790.c)Chirik,P.J.Acc.Chem.Res.2015,48,1687.d)Guo,N.;Hu,M.-Y.; Feng,Y.;Zhu,S.-F.Org.Chem.Front.,2015,2,692-696;e)Frank,D.J.;Guiet,L.;A.;Murphy,E.;Thomas,S.P.RSC Adv.2013,3,25698.f)E.J.Daida and J.C. Peters,Inorg.Chem.,2004,43,7474.g)Sunada,Y.;Ogushi,H.;Yamamoto,T.;Uto, S.;Sawano,M.;Tahara,A.;Tanaka,H.;Shiota,Y.;Yoshizawa,K.;Nagashima,H.J. Am.Chem.Soc.,2018,140,4119-4134.]。根据文献调研与资料的查询,铁催化的烯烃的不对称氢化反应具有以下挑战性。第一,金属铁具有多变的价态(-2to+5 价),设计合适的配体稳定铁的金属价态具有挑战性。第二,铁与配体配位后,在活化试剂作用下,金属容易与配体发生解离,导致烯烃的氢化发生背景反应,得到外消旋化产物。[Hoyt,J.M.;Shevlin,M.;Margulieux,G.W.;Krska,S.W.; Tudge,M.T.;Chirik,P.J.Organometallics 2014,33,5781.]
2016年,浙江大学的陆展课题组利用亚胺吡啶噁唑啉手性配体(OIP)与廉价金属钴成功的实现了1,1-二芳基烯烃的不对称氢化反应,[Chen,J.-H.;Chen,C.-H.; Ji,C.-L.;Lu,Z.Org.Lett.2016,18,1594.]。其后又尝试使用OIP铁催化剂来催化 1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应,可惜的是,反应的产率较低且有大量的异构化现象发生。因此,发展新型铁催化剂催化简单烯烃的不对称氢化反应具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明通过课题组构建的亚胺喹啉噁唑啉含氮三齿配体(8-OIQ)与廉价金属铁络合形成的催化剂催化简单1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应,可以获得很好的转化率与对映体选择性,本方法的应用底物范围广,具有很好的官能团容忍性,此外通过调节催化剂的位阻可以立体专一性的氢化1,1-二取代烯烃且保持其他小位阻三取代烯烃双键保持稳定。通过该方法也可以简单的合成有用的药物分子中间体。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法,所述方法为:以式I所示的二取代烯烃为原料,以常压氢气作为氢源, FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为催化剂,以硅烷类化合物、乙腈为助催化剂,在还原剂的作用下,反应12-24小时制得式II所示的手性烷基化合物;
式II中,*代表手性碳原子。
本发明的反应式可用下式表示:
式I或式II中,R1任选自C2-C8的烷基、萘基、式III所示的基团或C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基;
所述R1中,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基A取代,所述取代基A为苯基、萘基、杂环芳基或取代苯基;所述杂环芳基为吲哚基、吡啶基、吡咯基、噻吩基或呋喃基;所述取代苯基是指苯基上的H被1个以上的取代基B取代的苯基,所述取代基B为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、卤素或C1-C3的烷硫基;
所述R1中,所述C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基为吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基苯并二恶唑基、苯并噁唑基或呋喃基,优选吡啶基、吲哚基或苯并二恶唑基;
所述R1中,所述的萘基、C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基C取代,所述取代基C为C1-C3的烷基或C1-C3的烷氧基;
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团中,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8任选自H、卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基中的任意一种,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8全为H时,式III所示即为苯基;所述卤素为F或Cl。
式I或式II中,R2任选自C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述 C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基的上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基D取代,所述取代基D为苯基、取代苯基、C1-C3的氨基或1,3-二氧戊环基。
或者式I或式II中,R1和R2连接成环,形成C9-C12的苯并环烷基;所述苯并环烷基上的H不被取代或被被1个以上的取代基E取代,所述取代基E为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基或卤素;优选的,R1和R2连接成苯并环庚烷。
所述R1和R2是不相同的取代基。
进一步,所述R1优选为C2-C8的烷基、萘基、6-甲氧基萘基、吡啶基、2- 甲氧基吡啶基、吲哚基、N-甲基吲哚基、苯并二恶唑基或式III所示的基团。
所述R1中,R1为C2-C8的烷基时,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H被取代基A取代,R1可以表示为RA-(CH2)n-,n为2~8的整数,RA为碳链上的取代基A, RA优选为苯基、萘基或对甲氧基苯基。
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团优选为苯基或有1-2个取代基的取代苯基,所述取代苯基上的取代基优选为卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、 C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基。
R2优选为C2-C6的烷基、C2-C6的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述C2-C6的烷基的上的H不被取代或被取代基D取代,R2为C2-C6的烷基,且烷基上的H被取代基 D取代时,R2可以表示为RD-(CH2)m-,m为2~6的整数,所述取代基D优选为苯基、C1-C3的氨基、4-甲氧基苯基或1,3-二氧戊环基。
本发明方法中,所述的硅烷类化合物为苯硅烷(PhSiH3)或正十八烷基硅烷 (n-C18H37SiH3)。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的所述合成方法中加入有机溶剂,所述的有机溶剂是苯、四氯化碳、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、乙腈、二氧六环、石油醚、环己烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、N,N-二甲酰胺中的任意一种,优选为甲苯。
所述有机溶剂的用量一般以式I所示的二取代烯烃的物质的量计为1~10 mL/mmol。
本发明的还原剂为三乙基硼氢化钠、三仲丁基硼氢化钠、三乙基硼氢化锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇锂、叔戊醇钠、乙醇钠、甲醇钠、甲醇钾中的任意一种,优选三乙基硼氢化钠、叔丁醇钠、乙醇钠或甲醇钠,更优选为三乙基硼氢化钠。
本发明以常压氢气作为氢源,在反应瓶上插入氢气球即可。
作为进一步地改进,本发明所述的式I所示的二取代烯烃、FeX2-8-OIQ络合物、硅烷类化合物、乙腈,还原剂的物质的量之比为1∶0.00001-0.1∶0.02-0.2∶ 0.1-0.3∶0.06-0.3,优选为1∶0.001~0.05∶0.2∶0.2∶0.15。
作为进一步地改进,本发明反应温度为0℃~室温。
作为进一步地改进,本发明反应结束后,所得粗产物经过后处理制得式Ⅱ所示的手性烷基化合物,所述后处理手段包括薄层层析、柱层析或减压蒸馏,优选柱层析。
本发明所用的催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物(8-OIQ:8-噁唑啉亚胺喹啉配体) 为光学纯的式IV所示的化合物或其对映体或消旋体,式IV中,R9是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a 取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-4个取代基b取代的芳基a;所述芳基a为苄基、苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或 Cl;
R10是H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基b;所述芳基b为苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或 C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或Cl;
R11、R12、R13、R14、R15各自独立为H、C1-C12烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F、 Cl、硝基或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基;
R16、R17各自独立为H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基a;
R18是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基 b取代的芳基a;
式IV中,*代表手性碳原子。
X为F、Cl、Br、I、OAc、CF3SO3中的任意一种,优选为Cl或Br。
进一步,所述催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物优选为式IV所示的化合物,式IV 中,优选R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17均为H;优选R10为C1-C4的烷基或二苯基次甲基;优选R9为C1-C4的烷基、苄基、苯基或2,6-二异丙基苯基;优选R18为C1-C4的烷基、苄基或苯基;X为Cl或Br。
更进一步,所用的手性FeX2-8-OIQ络合物优选如式IV-1或式IV-2所示
本发明中,所述式IV所示的化合物可通过以下方法制得:
氮气保护下,式(1)所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物和亚铁盐FeX2在有机溶剂中反应1~10小时,制得式IV所示的金属络合物;所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃或2-甲基四氢呋喃;
式(1)中的R9~R18,*均如前所述。
所述式(1)所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物和亚铁盐FeX2的物质的量之比为2.2~0.9∶1,优选1.1~0.9∶1,更优选1.1~1∶1。
式IV所示的金属化合物的合成可以在低的或高的温度下进行,例如-20-150℃温度,优选常温下进行即可。
原料式(1)所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物可按以下方法制备:
(a)、式(2)所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物与式(3)所示的胺类化合物在催化剂的作用下进行缩合反应,制得式(4)所示的化合物;
(b)、氮气保护下,式(4)所示的化合物与式(5)所示的噁唑啉类化合物在过渡金属无机盐和有机膦配体、无机碱催化下进行偶联反应,制得式(1) 所示的手性含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉类化合物。
R9~R18,*如前所述。
所述步骤(a)中,式(2)所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物与式(3)所示的胺类化合物的物质的量之比为1∶1-10,优选1∶1~5,更优选1∶1~2。
所述步骤(a)在催化剂的作用下进行,所述催化剂为为质子酸或分子筛,优选对甲苯磺酸,所述催化剂的物质的量用量为式(2)所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物的物质的量的1~5%。
所述步骤(a)的反应溶剂为有机溶剂,优选为甲苯、苯或二甲苯,更优选为甲苯。
所述步骤(a)的反应需要加热至回流,分水器分水,进行反应,反应时间为15~30小时。
步骤(b)为过渡金属Ru、Rh、Pd、Ir无机盐和有机膦配体、无机碱催化的偶联反应。
所述的步骤(b)在过渡金属无机盐、有机膦配体、无机碱催化下进行,所述过渡金属无机盐是指Ru、Rh、Pd、Ir的无机盐,优选醋酸钯。所述无机碱优选为叔丁醇锂;所述有机膦配体优选1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷。
所述的步骤(b)中,式(4)所示的化合物、式(5)所示的噁唑啉类化合物、过渡金属无机盐、有机膦配体,无机碱的物质的量之比为1∶1-5∶0.01-1∶ 0.02-2∶2-10,优选为1∶1~3∶0.01-0.1∶0.02-0.1∶2-4。
所述的步骤(b)中在有机溶剂中进行,所述的有机溶剂为苯、四氯化碳、石油醚、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲苯、二甲苯、环己烷、正己烷、正庚烷、二氧六环、乙腈中的任意一种,优选为二氧六环。所述的反应温度-0℃至150℃,优选加热至回流进行反应,反应时间为1小时到 48小时。
本发明方法提供了一种有效的由FeX2-8-OIQ络合物尤其是手性FeX2-8-OIQ 络合物为催化剂,硅烷类化合物,乙腈为助催化剂,由1,1-二取代烯烃和常压氢气高对映体选择性的合成光学活性的烷烃类化合物的方法。
与现有不对称氢化反应方法相比,该方法适用于多种不同类型的烯烃,烯烃的底物合成方法简便,本发明方法反应条件温和,操作简便,原子经济性高。另外,反应无需其他任何的有毒过渡金属(如钌、铑、钯等)盐类的加入,在药物和材料合成上具有较大的实际应用价值。本发明利用大位阻的催化剂,可以对多烯烃原料进行选择性的催化氢化。本发明反应的转化率也较好,一般均可达到>99%,对映体选择性也较高,一般为70%~99%。
附图说明
图1催化剂式IV-2所示化合物的的单晶结构图。
图2实施例不对称氢化产物II-3所示化合物的单晶结构图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地具体说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此。
实施例中所用的催化剂如下所示,式IV-1所示的化合物,简称FeCl2-8-OIQ。
金属络合物优选使用量为0.001-10mol%,更优选0.1-5mol%。
式IV-2的单晶结构如图1所示,CCDC号:2011869。
催化剂合成路线如下:
催化剂具体合成步骤如下,式(3)所示的胺类化合物是市售可得的,式(2) 所示的2-酰基-8-溴喹啉类化合物依照文献(K.E.Pump,A.E.Pazio,K. L.Cavallo,C.Slugovc Beilstein J.Org.Chem.2015,11,1458.)制备。式 (5)所示的噁唑啉类化合物依照文献(J.Chen,T.Xi,Z.Lu Org.Chem.Front., 2018,5,247.)制备。
8-溴-2乙酰基喹啉(2)的制备
在氮气保护下,250mL三口烧瓶内加入8-溴-甲酰基喹啉(6.9451g,29.3mmol,1.0equiv)与乙醚(147ml)中,在0℃下滴加甲基溴化镁(3M in hex 12.7mL 1.3equiv),滴加完毕后,反应回到室温,搅拌12h,加入10mL饱和氯化铵溶液,15mL乙醚进行萃取三次,10mL饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥1-2小时。反应液浓缩后,加入100mL二氯甲烷,22.31g PDC(重铬酸吡啶鎓58.8mmol,2.0equiv) 和PDC等质量的硅胶(23.10g)。室温下搅拌过夜。反应完毕后过滤除去固体,用二氯甲烷进行洗涤,反应液浓缩后得到黄色固体,通过柱层析进行分离,得到白色固体8-溴-2-乙酰基喹啉4.3615g(17.4mmol,59%产率)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.07-7.99(m,2H),7.93(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.65-7.58 (m,1H),7.56(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),2.96(s,3H);与[S.Nagy,L.N.Winslow,S.Mihan; L.Lukesova,E.Nifant′ev,P.V.Ivchenko,V.Bagrov,US Patent 2012/00160922012.] 所报道的产物数据相符。
8-溴-2-亚胺喹啉(4)-S的制备
2,6-二异丙基苯胺(4.2516g,24mmol,1.2equiv)与8-溴-2-乙酰基喹啉(5.0g,20mmol,1.0equiv)溶于50mL甲苯中,对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.0761g,0.40mmol, 2mol%)催化,加热回流分水反应24h,乙醇重结晶得到7.3078g(17.9mmol, 90%产率)8-溴-2-亚胺喹啉(4)-S。IR(neat):2959,2924,1696,1643,1493,1462, 1362cm-1;1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),8.24(d,J= 8.4Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=8.0,7.6 Hz,1H),7.22-7.17(m,2H),7.15-7.10(m,1H),2.80-2.72(m,2H),2.43(s,3H),1.17 (d,J=3.2Hz,6H),1.15(d,J=3.2Hz,6H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ 167.3,156.5,146.5,144.3,136.6,135.5,133.1,130.0,127.8,127.4,125.9,123.7, 123.0,119.4,28.3,23.2,22.8,16.9;HRMS(ESI)calculated for[C23H26BrN2]+ (M+H+),requires m/z 409.1279,found m/z 409.1290.
配体L的合成
氮气保护下,(4)-s(1.0213g,2.52mmol,1equiv)与(S)-异丙基噁唑啉环(0.3821g,3.375mmol,1.35equiv)在15mL 1,4-二氧六环中,醋酸钯(0.0281g,0.0125 mmol,5mol%),1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷(0.0558g,0.14mmol,5.6mol%),叔丁醇锂(0.4005g,5mmol,2equiv),随后冷冻,抽气,熔化循环操作3次,补上氮气后升温至沸腾,反应41h,得到0.8456g(1.9mmol,76%产率)含亚胺喹啉噁唑啉亚胺喹啉噁唑啉的化合物L。
(2)催化剂的合成:
N2条件下,在一个干燥的50mL大肚反应瓶中,加入(0.95eq.)的无水氯化亚铁,加入0.1M的干燥四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌,然后将制备好的8-OIQ配体(1.0eq.) 用少量四氢呋喃溶解,加入反应瓶中,室温条件下搅拌3-4小时。反应结束,旋干溶剂,用干燥的Et2O洗涤三次,用真空油泵抽干,得到棕色固体粉末状产物IV-1。式IV-2的合成则将异丙基噁唑啉环改为叔丁基噁唑啉环配体,无水氯化亚铁改为无水溴化亚铁即可。
实施例1:手性FeX2-8-OIQ络合物催化的1,1-二取代烯烃的不对称氢化反应
标准条件:
室温下,在一个干燥的反应试管中加入(手性)FeCl2-8-OIQ(IV-1)络合物(0.025mmol),烯烃(0.5mmol),n-C18H37SiH3(0.10mmol),乙腈(0.10 mmol),甲苯(1mL),插入H2气球,三乙基硼氢化钠(0.075mmol),然后在室温或0℃下搅拌24小时后柱层析分离得到产物。
II-1:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-methoxybenzene
II-2:(R)-1-(苄氧基)-4-(仲丁基)苯
(R)-1-(benzyloxy)-4-(sec-butyl)benzene
8.8Hz,2H),6.91(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.04(s,2H),2.59-2.51(m,1H),1.60-1.52(m, 2H),1.21(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.82(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz, CDCl3)δ156.9,140.1,137.3,128.5,127.9,127.8,127.5,114.5,70.0,40.8,31.3,22.0,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C17H20O]+ requires m/z 240.1514,found m/z 240.1516.
II-3:(R)-2-(4-(仲丁基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷
(R)-2-(4-(sec-butyl)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane
2H),7.19(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.65-2.55(m,1H),1.65-1.55(m,2H),1.33(s,12H), 1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J=7.6Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ 151.1,134.8,126.5,83.6,41.9,31.0,24.8,21.7,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for [C16H25O2B]+ requires m/z260.1948,found m/z 260.1949.该产物在0℃是固体,单晶决定了绝对构型,结构图在附件图2,CCDC号:2055703。
II-4:(R)-(4-(仲丁基)苯基)(甲基)硫烷
(R)-(4-(sec-butyl)phenyl)(methyl)sulfane
8.0Hz,2H),8.3(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.60-2.51(m,1H),2.47(s,3H),1.61-1.54(m, 2H),1.21(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J=7.6Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz, CDCl3)δ144.9,135.0,127.6,127.1,41.2,31.1,21.8,16.3,12.2;HRMS(EI) calcukated for[C11H16S]+requiresm/z 180.0973,found m/z 180.0974.
II-5:(R)-5-(仲丁基)苯并[d][1,3]二恶唑
(R)-5-(sec-butyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxole
0.82(t,J=7.2Hz,3H).IR(neat):2961,2927,1487,1440,1249cm-1;1H NMR: (400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ6.73(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.68(s,1H),6.62(d,J=8.0Hz,1H), 5.92(s,2H),2.57-2.47(m,1H),1.60-1.48(m,2H),1.19(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J =7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ147.5,145.4,141.7,119.9,107.9,107.2,100.7,41.5,31.3,22.1,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C11H14O2]+ requires m/z 178.0994,found m/z178.0992.
II-6:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-4-氟苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-fluorobenzene
(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.80(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ161.1 (d,J=241.3Hz),143.2(d,J=2.9Hz),128.3(d,J=7.3Hz),114.9(d,J=20.4Hz), 41.0,31.3,22.0,12.1;19F NMR:(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-118.1.
II-7:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-4-氯苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-chlorobenzene
2H),7.10(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.61-2.53(m,1H),1.62-1.51(m,2H),1.21(d,J=6.8 Hz,3H),0.80(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ146.1,131.3, 128.4,128.3,41.1,31.1,21.8,12.1;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C10H13Cl]+ requires m/z 168.0706,found m/z 168.0706.
II-8:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-3-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-3-methoxybenzene
1261cm-1;1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.21(t,J=7.8Hz, 1H),6.79-6.72(m,3H),3.80(s,3H),2.61-2.52(m,1H),1.64-1.00(m,2H),1.23(d,J =6.8Hz,3H),0.83(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ159.6, 149.5,129.1,119.5,113.0,110.7,55.1,41.7,31.1,21.8,12.2;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C11H16O]+ requires m/z 164.1201,found m/z164.1203.
II-9:(R)-1-(仲丁基)-2-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(sec-butyl)-2-methoxybenzene
1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.19-7.12(m,2H),6.95-6.82(m, 2H),3.81(s,3H),3.16-3.04(m,1H),1.70-1.54(m,2H),1.19(d,J=6.8Hz,3H), 0.84(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13CNMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ157.1,135.9,126.7,126.4, 120.5,110.4,55.3,33.4,29.8,20.4,12.1;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C11H16O]+ requires m/z 164.1201,found m/z164.1202.
II-10:(R)-5-(仲丁基)-1-甲基-1H-吲哚
(R)-5-(sec-butyl)-1-methyl-1H-indole
1H),7.07(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.01(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),6.42(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),3.77 (s,3H),2.74-2.63(m,1H),1.71-1.59(m,2H),1.29(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.83(t,J= 7.2Hz,3H);13CNMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ138.6,135.4,128.7,128.5,121.1, 118.6,108.8,100.5,41.7,32.7,31.6,22.6,12.4;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C13H17N]+ requires m/z 187.1361,found m/z 187.1362.
II-11:(R)-1-(己-2-基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(hexan-2-yl)-4-methoxybenzene
1247cm-1;1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.10(d,J=8.8Hz, 2H),6.83(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),2.67-2.57(s,1H),1.56-1.48(m,2H), 1.34-1.07(m,7H),0.85(t,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6, 140.1,127.8,113.6,55.2,39.0,38.3,29.9,22.8,22.5,14.0;HRMS(EI)calculated for [C13H20O]+ requires m/z 192.1514,found m/z192.1514.
II-12:(R)-1-(庚-2-基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(heptan-2-yl)-4-methoxybenzene
油状液体,>99%转化率,Optical Rotation:[α]20 D=-26.7(c1375cm-1;1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.09(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.83(d,J=8.4 Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),2.67-2.57(m,1H),1.55-1.47(m,2H),1.30-1.10(m,9H),0.85 (t,J=6.4Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6,140.1,127.7,113.6,55.1, 39.0,38.6,31.9,27.4,22.6,22.5,14.1;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C14H22O]+ requires m/z 206.1671,found m/z206.1672.
II-13:(R)-1-甲氧基-4-(辛烷-2-基)苯
(R)-1-methoxy-4-(octan-2-yl)benzene
1375cm-1;1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.09(d,J=8.8Hz, 2H),6.83(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),3.79(s,3H),2.67-2.57(m,1H),1.56-1.48(m,2H), 1.30-1.10(m,11H),0.85(t,J=6.4Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6, 140.1,127.7,113.6,55.1,39.1,38.6,31.8,29.4,27.7,22.6,22.5,14.1;HRMS(EI) calculated for[C15H24O]+requires m/z 220.1827,found m/z 220.1826.
II-14:(R)-N,N-二甲基-4-(对甲苯基)戊基-1-胺
(R)-N,N-dimethyl-4-(p-tolyl)pentan-1-amine
1515,1374cm-1;1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.12-7.04(m, 4H),2.70-2.59(m,1H),2.31(s,3H),2.25-2.14(m,8H),1.61-1.52(m,2H),1.47-1.28 (m,2H),1.23(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);13CNMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ144.4,135.2, 128.9,126.8,59.8,45.4,39.5,36.1,25.8,22.4,20.9;HRMS(EI)calculated for [C14H23N]+requires m/z 205.1830,found m/z205.1832.
II-15:(R)-丙烷-1,2-二基二苯
(R)-propane-1,2-diyldibenzene
(d,J=6.8Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ147.0,140.8,129.1,128.3, 128.1,127.0,126.0,125.8,45.0,41.8,21.1.
II-16:(1R,3R)-3-(4-((R)-仲丁基)苯氧基)-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚烷(1R,3R)-3-(4-((R)-sec-butyl)phenoxy)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
CDCl3)δ7.06(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.76(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.32-4.25(m,1H), 2.58-2.47(m,1H),2.40-2.30(m,1H),2.29-2.18(m,1H),1.81-1.69(m,2H), 1.61-1.50(m,2H),1.23-1.37(m,2H),1.20(d,J=7.2Hz,3H)1.13(dd,J=13.2,, 3.2Hz,1H),0.97-0.88(m,9H),0.81(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz, CDCl3)δ157.2,139.2,127.7,115.1,82.7,49.5,47.5,45.2,40.8,36.9,31.3,27.9, 26.8,22.0,19.7,19.0,13.8,12.3.HRMS(EI)calculated for[C20H30O]+ requires m/z 286.2297,found m/z 286.2297.
II-17:(R,E)-1-(仲丁基)-4-((3,7-二甲基辛基-2,6-二烯-1-基)氧基)苯 (R,E)-1-(sec-butyl)-4-((3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl)oxy)benzene
1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ7.08(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.4Hz,2H), 5.50(t,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.10(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.51(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.59-2.48 (m,1H),2.18-2.04(m,4H),1.73(s,3H),1.68(s,3H),1.58(s,3H),1.57-1.51(m,2H), 1.21(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),0.81(t,J=7.6Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ 157.0,140.8,139.6,131.7,127.8,123.8,119.8,114.4,64.8,40.8,39.5,31.3,26.3, 25.6,22.0,17.6,16.6,12.2.HRMS(EI)calculated for[C20H30O]+ requires m/z 286.2297,found m/z 286.2298.
II-18:(R)-2-(3-(3-(3-甲氧基-4-甲基苯基)丁基)-1,3-二氧戊环 (R)-2-(3-(3-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)butyl)-1,3-dioxolane
7.03(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.71-6.63(m,2H),4.81(t,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.01-3.79(m,7H),2.71-2.59(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),1.73-1.49(m,4H),1.25(d,J=7.2Hz,3H); 13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ157.6,146.1,130.4,124.0,118.6,108.8,104.6, 64.8,55.2,39.9,32.4,32.1,22.4,15.8;HRMS(EI)calculated for[C15H22O3]+ requires m/z 250.1569,found m/z250.1569.
II-19:(R)-5-甲基-6,7,8,9-四氢-5H-苯并[7]环庚烷
(R)-5-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene
1H),1.86-1.68(m,3H),1.51-1.30(m,5H);13C NMR:(100.0MHz,CDCl3)δ146.5, 142.8,129.2,126.0,125.6,125.2,37.7,36.1,36.0,30.1,27.8,20.4.
II-20:(R)-1-(3,4-二甲基戊基)-4-甲氧基苯
(R)-1-(3,4-dimethylpentyl)-4-methoxybenzene
实施例2使用大位阻催化剂FeCl2-8-OIQ(tBu噁唑环)选择性的氢化1,1-二取代烯烃
室温下,在一干燥的反应试管中加入(手性)FeCl2-8-OIQ络合物(0.025mmol),烯烃(0.5mmol),n-C18H37SiH3(0.10mmol),CH3CN(0.10mmol),甲苯(1mL),插入H2气球,三乙基硼氢化钠(0.075mmol),然后在室温或0℃下搅拌12小时后柱层析分离得到产物。油状液体,>99%转化率,Optical Rotation:[α]20 D=-32.5(c 1.75,CHCl3).93%ee.得到的产物经过简单的脱甲基得到天然产物 (R)-xanthorrhizol.
实施例3药物分子中间体的合成
在20mL反应管中,加入实施例中II-18(0.0404g,0.14mmol),加入冰醋酸(6mL),水(2mL)。加热到60℃搅拌2h。冷却到室温,加入氢氧化钠溶液调节PH=7,加入乙酸乙酯萃取(3x10mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,通过柱层析(PE/EtOAc (30/1))得到目标化合物(0.0286g,88%yield)。无色液体,Optical Rotation:[α]20 D=-33.9(c 0.91,CHCl3).96%ee,1H NMR:(400.0MHz,CDCl3)δ9.68(t,J=1.6Hz, 1H),7.14-7.03(m,4H),2.75-2.63(m,1H),2.39-2.24(m,2H),1.99-1.79(m,2H), 1.26(d,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR:(100.6MHz,CDCl3)δ202.4,142.9,135.7,129.1, 126.8,42.1,38.8,30.3,22.3,20.9.(化合物数据与文献一致:Song,S.;Zhu,S.-F.; Yang,S.;Li,S.;Zhou,Q.-L.Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,2708.)根据已知文献即可进一步反应获得(R)-curcumene。
实施例4多种催化剂催化性能和反应条件对比实验
a反应条件为烯烃(0.5mmol),氢气球,硅烷(20mol%),乙腈(20mol%),催化剂(5mol%),还原剂三乙基硼氢化钠(15mol%),甲苯1mL,在室温(rt) 或0℃反应12小时。b产物鉴定和产率由核磁氢谱采用内标法(三甲基苯硅烷)检测。cee值由气湘色谱(手性B-DM柱)检测。
Claims (10)
1.一种铁络合物催化剂催化烯烃的不对称氢化反应制备手性烷基化合物的方法,其特征在于所述方法为:以式I所示的二取代烯烃为原料,以常压氢气作为氢源,FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为催化剂,以硅烷类化合物、乙腈为助催化剂,在还原剂的作用下,反应12-24小时制得式II所示的手性烷基化合物;
式II中,*代表手性碳原子;
式I或式II中,R1为C2-C8的烷基、萘基、式III所示的基团或C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基;
所述R1中,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基A取代,所述取代基A为苯基、萘基、杂环芳基或取代苯基;所述杂环芳基为吲哚基、吡啶基、吡咯基、噻吩基或呋喃基;所述取代苯基是指苯基上的H被1个以上的取代基B取代的苯基,所述取代基B为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、卤素或C1-C3的烷硫基;
所述R1中,所述C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基为吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基苯并二恶唑基、苯并噁唑基或呋喃基;
所述R1中,所述的萘基、C4~C10的含N、O的杂环芳基上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基C取代,所述取代基C为C1-C3的烷基或C1-C3的烷氧基;
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团中,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8任选自H、卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基中的任意一种,R4、R5、R6、R7、R8全为H时,式III所示即为苯基;所述卤素为F或Cl;
式I或式II中,R2为C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述C1-C8的烷基、C2-C8的烯基的上的H不被取代或被1个以上的取代基D取代,所述取代基D为苯基、取代苯基、C1-C3的氨基或1,3-二氧戊环基;
或者式I或式II中,R1和R2连接成环,形成C9-C12的苯并环烷基;所述苯并环烷基上的H不被取代或被被1个以上的取代基E取代,所述取代基E为C1-C3的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基或卤素;
所述R1和R2是不相同的取代基。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述R1为C2-C8的烷基、萘基、6-甲氧基萘基、吡啶基、2-甲氧基吡啶基、吲哚基、N-甲基吲哚基、苯并二恶唑基或式III所示的基团;
所述R1中,R1为C2-C8的烷基时,所述C2-C8的烷基上的H被取代基A取代,R1表示为RA—(CH2)n—,n为2~8的整数,RA为碳链上的取代基A,RA为苯基、萘基或对甲氧基苯基;
所述R1中,所述式III所示的基团为苯基或有1-2个取代基的取代苯基,所述取代苯基上的取代基为卤素、C1-C2的烷基、C1-C3的烷氧基、苄氧基、C1-C3的烷硫基、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基、三氟甲基、二甲氨基、频哪醇硼酯基、右旋龙脑氧基、香茅醇氧基、薄荷醇氧基或香叶醇氧基;
R2为C2-C6的烷基、C2-C6的烯基、苯基或苄基;所述C2-C6的烷基的上的H不被取代或被取代基D取代,R2为C2-C6的烷基,且烷基上的H被取代基D取代时,R2可以表示为RD—(CH2)m—,m为2~6的整数,所述取代基D为苯基、C1-C3的氨基、4-甲氧基苯基或1,3-二氧戊环基。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所用的催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为光学纯的式IV所示的化合物或其对映体或消旋体,
式IV中,R9是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-4个取代基b取代的芳基a;所述芳基a为苄基、苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或Cl;
R10是H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基b;所述芳基b为苯基或萘基;所述取代基a为C1-C4烷基或C1-C4烷氧基;所述取代基b为C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷氧基、C1-C4氟烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F或Cl;
R11、R12、R13、R14、R15各自独立为H、C1-C12烷基、C1-C4氟烷氧基、F、Cl、硝基或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基;
R16、R17各自独立为H、未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基a;
R18是未被取代的或被1-2个C1-C4烷氧基取代的C1-C12烷基、未被取代的或被1-3个取代基a取代的C5~C12的环烷基、或是未被取代的或被1-3个取代基b取代的芳基a;
式IV中,*代表手性碳原子;
X为F、Cl、Br、I、OAc、CF3SO3中的任意一种。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于所述催化剂FeX2-8-OIQ络合物为式IV所示的化合物,式IV中,R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17均为H;R10为C1-C4的烷基或二苯基次甲基;R9为C1-C4的烷基、苄基、苯基或2,6-二异丙基苯基;R18为C1-C4的烷基、苄基或苯基;X为Cl或Br。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述的硅烷类化合物为苯硅烷或正十八烷基硅烷。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法中加入有机溶剂,所述的有机溶剂是苯、四氯化碳、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷、乙腈、二氧六环、石油醚、环己烷、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、N,N-二甲酰胺中的任意一种。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述还原剂为三乙基硼氢化钠、三仲丁基硼氢化钠、三乙基硼氢化锂、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇锂、叔戊醇钠、乙醇钠、甲醇钠、甲醇钾中的任意一种。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于所述的式I所示的二取代烯烃、FeX2-8-OIQ络合物、硅烷类化合物、乙腈,还原剂的物质的量之比为1:0.00001-0.1:0.02-0.2:0.1-0.3:0.06-0.3。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于反应的温度为0℃~室温。
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