CN112848899A - 电池回充控制方法 - Google Patents

电池回充控制方法 Download PDF

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CN112848899A
CN112848899A CN202010081323.3A CN202010081323A CN112848899A CN 112848899 A CN112848899 A CN 112848899A CN 202010081323 A CN202010081323 A CN 202010081323A CN 112848899 A CN112848899 A CN 112848899A
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CN112848899B (zh
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许注翔
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Acer Inc
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Abstract

本发明提供一种电池回充控制方法，应用于一电动交通工具，该电池回充控制方法包括：当检测到目前处于一回充状态时，判断一电池组是否处于一保护状态；如果判断该电池组处于该保护状态，则记录一当下电池组发生异常时间点，并根据该电动交通工具的一目前车速来得到一时间临界值；判断一目前时间是否小于该时间临界值；如果该目前时间小于该时间临界值，则进入一第一阶段，以调整一脉冲宽度调制(PWM)工作周期；以及如果该目前时间大于该时间临界值，则进入一第二阶段，以调整一PWM工作频率。

Description

电池回充控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池回充控制方法，特别是涉及一种应用于电动交通工具(如电动机车或电动自行车)的电池回充控制方法。
背景技术
世界环保意识日渐抬头，人们试图减少对化石能源的依赖。于是强调使用环保、无污染及纯电力来驱动的电动交通工具，日益受到世人的重视。
一般电动车常使用的无刷直流马达为直驱轮毂马达。而直驱轮毂马达的优点为：缩小硬件占用空间、减少重量、不需减速器、降低成本、传动机构简化、控制系统简化、提升整个驱动系统的运转效率。
在传统电动机车(或电动自行车)行驶过程中，刹车方式是利用机械刹车来增加车轮的摩擦力，将机车的动能转为热能消耗掉，以达到减速的目的。
以能量的观点来看，当电动车处于刹车状态时，会消耗能量，如果可将所要消耗的动能转换为电能来回充至电池端，可同时达到电子刹车与能量回收的双重目的是目前增加电动车的续航力的研究方向。
目前常见的刹车能量回收架构，可以分成两种：(1)第一种：需要额外电路设计(例如升压充电回路、定电压回路以及用来消耗多余动能的消耗电阻回路等)；以及(2)第二种：不需增加任何硬件电路，仅借由逻辑开关的切换达到能量回收的目的这两种回充架构。
在第二种(不需增加任何硬件电路下)回充架构中，所回充的电流会直接进入电池组，如果长时间让电池组处于回充情况下(例如下山的情况)，有可能发生因为回充电量太大引起电池组发生充电保护，在这样的情况下，如果所产的充电电流无法被额外消耗，使得充电电流只能往马达流动或是持续往已经发生保护的电池流动，这样会增加损坏马达或是电池组的几率。
发明内容
根据本案一实施例，提出一种电池回充控制方法，应用于一电动交通工具，该电池回充控制方法包括：当检测到目前处于一回充状态时，判断一电池组是否处于一保护状态；如果判断该电池组处于该保护状态，则记录一当下电池组发生异常时间点，并根据该电动交通工具的一目前车速来得到一时间临界值；判断一目前时间是否小于该时间临界值；如果该目前时间小于该时间临界值，则进入一第一阶段，以调整一脉冲宽度调制(PWM)工作周期；以及如果该目前时间大于该时间临界值，则进入一第二阶段，以调整一PWM工作频率。
附图说明
为让本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明，其中：
图1显示根据本案一实施例的电动交通工具的电池回充控制方法的流程图。
图2显示根据本案实施例的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)工作周期、PWM工作频率与时间示意图。
符号说明
110-170：步骤
具体实施方式
本发明的说明书的技术用语是参照本技术领域的习惯用语，如本说明书对部分用语有加以说明或定义，该部分用语的解释以本说明书的说明或定义为准。本发明的各个实施例分别具有一或多个技术特征。在可能实施的前提下，本领域技术人员可选择性地实施任一实施例中部分或全部的技术特征，或者选择性地将这些实施例中部分或全部的技术特征加以组合。
图1显示根据本案一实施例的电动交通工具(如电动机车或电动自行车)的电池回充控制方法的流程图。图2显示根据本案实施例的脉冲宽度调制(PWM,pulse widthmodulation)工作周期、PWM工作频率与时间示意图。
当电动交通工具(如电动机车或电动自行车)的马达控制器检测到目前处于回充状态时，图1的本案实施例的电池回充控制方法即可启动。
如图1所示，在步骤110，判断电动交通工具的电池组是否处于保护状态(例如电池组的充电电流是否过高或是电池组的目前电压是否过高)。如果步骤110判断为否，则流程结束。如果步骤110的判断为是，则于在步骤120中，记录当下电池组发生异常时间点T_ERROR，并根据目前车速来计算间隔时间参数T_INT，以得到时间临界值T1。
在本案一可能例子中，时间临界值T1的值根据目前车速来做调整，T1的算法公式如后：T1＝T_ERROR+T_INT，其中，T_ERROR代表电池组发生异常时间点，而T_INT代表间隔时间参数。间隔时间参数T_INT例如但不受限于，T_INT＝V*K，其中，V代表目前车速(Km/h)而K代表常数(例如但不受限于，K＝0.3)。所以，例如目前车速是40Km/h，则间隔时间参数T_INT＝40*0.3＝12(秒)。
在步骤130中，判断目前时间是否小于时间临界值T1。如果步骤130为是(目前时间小于时间临界值T1)，则流程进入第一阶段。如果步骤130为否(目前时间大于时间临界值T1)，则流程进入第二阶段。
在本案实施例中，在第一阶段中，调整PWM工作周期(亦即逐渐降低PWM工作周期)，其目的是让回充到电池组的电流变小和减低车速；而在第二阶段中，则是调整PWM工作频率(亦即拉高PWM工作频率)，其目的是将多余动能转成热能消耗掉。
在第一阶段中，如步骤140所示，将PWM工作周期设定为初始PWM工作周期值RB_INI_DUTY。在一可能例子中，初始PWM工作周期值RB_INI_DUTY的值举例但不受限于为40％。
在第一阶段中，如步骤150所示，每换相一次(亦即，马达每换相一次)，将PWM工作周期从该初始PWM工作周期值RB_INI_DUTY减少一值(举例但不受限于为5％)。
由于回充电流与PWM工作周期有相关，PWM工作周期愈大则回充电流愈大，相对而言，剎车力度就愈强。故而，于本案实施例中，如上述那样，在第一阶段过程中，所设定的初始PWM工作周期值RB_INI_DUTY的值(举例但不受限于为40％)不会导致电动车马上停下来(在下坡时)，让电动车可以在下坡时维持行走的状态但又能降低车速，而且也不会有大电流回充到电池组。故而，在第一阶段中，目的是希望让车速减下来，但又不会对电池组产生太大的回充电流。
在第二阶段中，在步骤160中，将PWM工作周期固定为最小PWM工作周期RB_MIN_DUTY。在一可能例子中，最小PWM工作周期RB_MIN_DUTY的值举例但不受限于为5％。
在第二阶段中，在步骤170中，设定PWM工作频率超过马达适用PWM工作频率。如所知那样，如果所设定的PWM工作频率超过马达适用PWM工作频率，则马达将不会运转，但马达内部的切换开关(例如MOS晶体管)将随着所设定的PWM工作频率来切换。如此一来，在第二阶段中，可将大部分的电能(来自于剎车所产生)转换成热能(热能来自于MOS晶体管的切换)消耗掉(也就是将剎车所产生的电能被MOS晶体管的切换所消耗)。亦即，在本案实施例中，不是让剎车所产生的电能运作在马达上来产生电流。在本案实施例中，由于将电能额外消耗掉，电流不会在马达内乱窜，可以避免过大的回充电流破坏马达。也由于将回充电流以热能方式消耗，可以保护电池组避免被过回充电流烧毁。故而，本案实施例可以避免对马达和电池组产生影响。
由上述实施例可知，在本案实施例中，可以在低成本(不需增加任何硬件电路)回充架构下，在达到回充电量功能之外也能避免过多的回充电流损伤电池组与马达。
综上所述，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作些许的修改和完善，因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (8)

1.一种电池回充控制方法，应用于一电动交通工具，该电池回充控制方法包括：
当检测到目前处于一回充状态时，判断一电池组是否处于一保护状态；
如果判断该电池组处于一保护状态，则记录一当下电池组发生异常时间点，并根据该电动交通工具的一目前车速来得到一时间临界值；
判断一目前时间是否小于该时间临界值；
如果该目前时间小于该时间临界值，则进入一第一阶段，以调整一脉冲宽度调制PWM工作周期；以及
如果该目前时间大于该时间临界值，则进入一第二阶段，以调整一PWM工作频率。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池回充控制方法，其特征在于，判断该电池组是否处于该保护状态时，判断该电池组的一充电电流是否过高或是该电池组的一目前电压是否过高。
3.如权利要求1所述的电池回充控制方法，其特征在于，根据该电动交通工具的该目前车速来计算一间隔时间参数，并根据所记录的该当下电池组发生异常时间点与该间隔时间参数以得到该时间临界值。
4.如权利要求3所述的电池回充控制方法，其特征在于，该时间临界值为该当下电池组发生异常时间点与该间隔时间参数之和。
5.如权利要求1所述的电池回充控制方法，其特征在于，在该第一阶段中，将该PWM工作周期设定为一初始PWM工作周期值。
6.如权利要求5所述的电池回充控制方法，其特征在于，在该第一阶段中，每换相一次，将该PWM工作周期从该初始PWM工作周期值减少。
7.如权利要求6所述的电池回充控制方法，其特征在于，在该第二阶段中，将该PWM工作周期固定为一最小PWM工作周期。
8.如权利要求7所述的电池回充控制方法，其特征在于，在该第二阶段中，设定该PWM工作频率超过一马达适用PWM工作频率。
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