CN108099614B - 控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法 - Google Patents

控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法 Download PDF

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CN108099614B
CN108099614B CN201710286575.8A CN201710286575A CN108099614B CN 108099614 B CN108099614 B CN 108099614B CN 201710286575 A CN201710286575 A CN 201710286575A CN 108099614 B CN108099614 B CN 108099614B
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motor
battery
efficiency control
regenerative braking
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CN108099614A (zh
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金成玟
庾太一
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法，其包括：确定再生制动是否处于开启状态；在确定再生制动处于开启状态时，检查电池充电状态(SoC)；以及在检查电池SoC为完全再充电时，进入强制降低电动机的当前驱动点的电动机低效率控制过程。

Description

控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法。更具体地，涉及一种控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法，用于防止电池过充电并且通过使用电动机系统的低效率控制来保护电动机在再生制动期间避免过热。
背景技术
本节中的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息，并且可不构成现有技术。
例如混合动力车辆、电动车辆和燃料电池电动车辆的环保型车辆包括安装在车辆中用于驱动和发电的电动机系统。
电动机系统包括用于驱动和再生制动的电动机、用于电动机控制和发电控制的逆变器、连接至电动机和逆变器的高压可再充电电池(以下称为电池)，等等。
在包括其中安装的这种电动机系统的大多数环保型车辆中，应用再生制动模式以及驱动模式。再生制动模式配置为使得电动机通过发电来回收车辆的制动和惯性能量以对电池进行再充电，并且驱动模式包括电动机单独驱动或电动机和发动机驱动。
根据环保型车辆的电池的特点，因为当电池被完全再充电时需要停止再充电，所以改变通过再生制动对电池进行再充电的时间。
然而，当为了在电池被完全再充电时中止进行再充电而停止再生制动时，可能发生驾驶不便性，因此为了减少驾驶不便性，期望连续的再生制动，并且也期望中止电池充电。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面提供一种控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法，用于防止电池过充电，并且同时，在电池被完全充电时，在再生制动期间，使用电动机系统的低效率控制来保护电动机和逆变器避免过热。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，一种控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法包括：确定再生制动状态是否处于开启状态；在确定再生制动状态进行时，检查电池充电状态(SoC)；在确定电池SoC为完全再充电时，进入强制降低电动机的当前驱动点的电动机低效率控制过程。
在上述进入中，电动机低效率控制过程可包括：在电池被再充电时将电动机的当前驱动点降低至预定水平或以上的低效率控制的加强操作和在电池放电时将电动机的当前驱动点降低至预定水平或以下的低效率控制的减缓操作。
当确定电池SoC不是完全再充电时，可在用于正常再生制动的驱动点处操作电动机。
方法还可包括：在电池SoC为完全再充电时，在进入电动机低效率控制过程之前检查电动机和逆变器的温度，并且当电动机和逆变器的温度大于参考值时，防止进入电动机低效率控制。
当防止进入电动机低效率控制过程时，可在用于正常再生制动的驱动点处操作电动机。
可通过液压制动力补偿由于电动机低效率控制导致的不足的再生制动量。
根据本文提供的描述，其他应用范围将变得显而易见。应当理解，描述和具体示例仅旨在用于说明的目的，而不旨在限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本发明，现在将参考附图来描述以示例的方式给出的本发明的各种实施方式，其中：
图1是控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法的流程图；并且
图2是示出控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法的示图。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不意图限制本发明、应用或用途。应当理解，在整个附图中，对应的附图标记表示相同或对应的部件和特征。
当电池经由长时间再生制动被完全再充电(100％充电状态(SoC))时，可停止再生制动以中止电池充电，但是可能的不利之处在于，车辆可操作性受到影响从而使驾驶员感到不便(当全部所需的制动力随着停止再生制动而仅转换为液压制动力时，感到驾驶的不便)。
为了确保车辆稳定的制动可操作性，可维持再生制动，并且同时可仅停止电池充电。
根据本发明，可使用电动机系统的低效率控制来维持再生制动，并且同时可仅关闭电池充电(100％SoC)，以便稳定地维持车辆的制动可操作性，并且防止电池过充电。
换句话说，本发明涉及一种环保型车辆，包括作为驱动源的电动机系统(电动机+逆变器+电池)，并且在这种情况下，当在再生制动期间电池完全充电时，可以通过直流(DC)电流监控电池的充电和放电状态，使得电动机系统执行主动低效率控制，以便稳定地维持车辆的制动可操作性并防止电池过充电。
为了参考，电动机系统的低效率控制可称为强制性弱磁控制，并且可意味着：尽管在考虑施加至电动机的电流纹波、电流量等的情况下存在电动机损耗，但是仍然当在不是预先建立的最佳当前驱动点的驱动点处驱动电动机时，强制降低电动机系统的效率的方案。
这里，下面将参考图1和图2顺序描述根据本发明的控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法。
首先，可在驱动环保型车辆期间确定再生制动状态是否进行(S101)。
然后，当确定再生制动状态进行时，可检查电池SoC(S102)。
例如，环保型车辆的最高控制器基于从电动机传输的电动机扭矩信号来确定再生制动是否处于开启状态，并且可从电池控制器接收当前电池SoC剩余电量信号以检查电池SoC。
作为检查电池SoC的结果，当电池SoC为未完全再充电(SoC不是100％)时，可基于当前电动机驱动点正常进行再生制动(S103)。
也就是说，当电池SoC为未完全再充电(SoC不是100％)时，可在用于正常再生制动的当前电动机驱动点(由图2中的①表示)处驱动电动机。
另一方面，作为检查电池SoC的结果，当电池SoC为完全再充电(SoC为100％)时，方法进入强制降低电动机当前驱动点的电动机低效率控制过程。
在这种情况下，在方法进入电动机低效率控制过程之前，可进一步执行检查电动机和逆变器的温度的操作(S104)，并且当电动机的温度大于参考值值(c)并且逆变器的温度也大于参考值(d)时，即使电池SoC为100％，也可防止进入电动机低效率控制过程，因此，可在用于正常再生制动的驱动点处驱动电动机。
例如，当在最高控制器的再生制动期间电池SoC为100％时，向电动机控制器发出用于进入强制降低电动机当前驱动点的电动机低效率控制过程的命令，但是例外地，当电动机的温度大于参考值(c)并且逆变器的温度大于参考值(d)时，可执行控制以停止进入电动机低效率控制过程。
这样，为了保护电动机和逆变器避免由于包括电动机和逆变器的电动机系统在电动机低效率控制期间另外产生热量以进一步增加电动机和逆变器的温度而过热，即使在再生制动期间电池SoC为100％，当电动机温度大于参考值(c)并且逆变器温度大于参考值(d)时，也停止进入电动机低效率控制过程。
然后，如上所述，当在再生制动期间电池SoC为100％时，电动机温度小于参考值(c)，并且逆变器温度小于参考值(d)，方法可实际上进入强制降低电动机当前驱动点的电动机低效率控制过程。
在这种情况下，电动机低效率控制过程可由从最高控制器接收用于电动机低效率控制的命令的电动机控制器执行，并且在这种情况下，可分为加强操作(其由图2中的③表示)和减缓操作(由图2中的②表示)并且被执行。
尽管是电池SOC为100％的电池SOC，但是当维持充电时，可通过由电动机控制器将当前电动机驱动点降低至预定水平或以上的低效率时间段(具有较高低效率控制度的时间段)的控制来执行电动机低效率控制的加强操作。
更详细地，尽管电池SoC为100％，但是可使用电池电流(即，DC电流)确定维持充电的状态，并且当DC电流小于零(0)时，可将当前状态视为非放电状态，以及可执行用于由电动机控制器将当前电动机驱动点降低至预定水平或以上的低效率时间段(具有较高低效率控制度的时间段)的电动机低效率控制的加强操作(S105和S106)。
这样，执行电动机低效率控制的加强操作，即，执行由电动机控制器将当前电动机驱动点降低至到预定水平或以上的低效率时间段(具有较高低效率控制程度的时间段)的控制，以减少用于电池充电的再生制动量，并且同时，通过将电动机的驱动点转换至比当前驱动点低预定水平的低效率时间段中(具有较高低效率控制度的时间段)来减少电池充电量。
因此，通过电动机低效率控制的加强操作来减少再生制动量，但是维持电动机的再生制动，以防止在再生制动期间驾驶不便的感觉，从而通过减少再生制动量来防止过充电。
另一方面，当电池被完全再充电时，由于电场负载而发生电池放电，此时通过由电动机控制器将当前电动机驱动点降低至预定水平或以下的低效率时间段(具有较低低效率控制度的时间段)的控制来执行电动机低效率控制的减缓操作。
更详细地，当电池被完全再充电时，可使用DC电流来确定发生电池放电的状态，并且当DC电流为零(0)或更大时，可将当前状态视为电池放电状态，并且可执行用于由电动机控制器将当前电动机驱动点降低至预定水平或以下的低效率时间段(具有较低低效率控制度的时间段)的电动机低效率控制的减缓操作(S107和S108)。
因此，可减少用于电池充电的电动机的再生制动量，并且同时可通过电动机低效率控制的减缓操作来减少电池充电量，因此可减少再生制动量，但是可维持电动机的再生制动，以防止在再生制动期间的驾驶不便的感觉，从而通过减少再生制动量来防止过充电。
可通过液压制动力来补偿由于上述电动机低效率控制而导致的不足的再生制动量。
也就是说，环保型车辆的全部制动量可为全部制动量和再生制动量的总和，并且在这方面，可执行辅助控制以通过制动控制器的液压制动力来增加由于上述电动机低效率控制而不足的再生制动量。
如上所述，当在再生制动期间电池SoC为完全再充电时，可使用电动机系统的低效率控制将电动机的当前驱动点强制转换为低效率驱动点，以防止电池过充电，同时维持再生制动，当在电动机系统的低效率控制之前检查电动机和逆变器的温度并且该温度等于或大于参考值时，可停止在电动机和逆变器中另外产生热量的低效率控制过程，以保护电动机和逆变器避免过热。
本发明可提供以下优点。
首先，当在再生制动期间电池SoC为完全再充电时，可使用电动机系统的低效率控制将电动机的当前驱动点强制转换为低效率驱动点，并且因此，可维持电动机的再生制动以防止在再生制动期间的驾驶不便的感觉，从而通过减少再生制动量来防止过充电。
第二，当在电动机系统的低效率控制之前检查电动机和逆变器的温度并且该温度等于或大于参考值时，可停止向电动机和逆变器另外产生热量的低效率控制过程，以保护电动机和逆变器避免过热。
本发明的描述本质上仅仅是示例性的，并且因此，不脱离本发明实质的变化意图在本发明的范围内。不认为这样的变化脱离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种控制环保型车辆的电动机系统的方法，所述方法包括：
确定再生制动状态是否处于开启状态；
在确定所述再生制动状态处于所述开启状态时，检查电池充电状态；以及
在确定所述电池充电状态为完全再充电时，进入电动机低效率控制过程，其中，所述电动机低效率控制过程强制降低电动机的当前驱动点，
其中，进入所述电动机低效率控制过程包括：
低效率控制的加强操作，其中，当基于电池的直流电流确认所述电池的再充电状态时，所述低效率控制的加强操作将所述电动机的当前驱动点降低至预定水平或以上；以及
低效率控制的减缓操作，其中，当所述电池放电时，所述低效率控制的减缓操作将所述电动机的当前驱动点降低至所述预定水平或以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，当确定所述电池充电状态为未完全再充电时，在用于正常再生制动的驱动点处操作所述电动机。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
当所述电池充电状态为完全再充电时，在进入所述电动机低效率控制过程之前，检查所述电动机和逆变器的温度，并且当所述电动机和所述逆变器的温度大于参考值时，防止进入所述电动机低效率控制。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，当防止进入所述电动机低效率控制过程时，在用于正常再生制动的驱动点处操作所述电动机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，通过液压制动力补偿由于所述电动机低效率控制导致的不足的再生制动量。
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