CN112846238B - Metal covering exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system - Google Patents
Metal covering exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112846238B CN112846238B CN202011629514.5A CN202011629514A CN112846238B CN 112846238 B CN112846238 B CN 112846238B CN 202011629514 A CN202011629514 A CN 202011629514A CN 112846238 B CN112846238 B CN 112846238B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system which comprises a laser light source module, a negative film module, a secondary amplification module, a light beam focusing adjustment module and a forming cylinder which are connected in sequence, wherein the laser light source module is used for generating laser; the negative film module is used for cutting the laser to realize high-precision low-power negative film image acquisition; the secondary amplification module is used for carrying out secondary amplification on the acquired negative light and outputting high-power pulse; the light beam focusing adjustment module is used for focusing and shaping the input laser light beam; the forming cylinder is used to shape the desired manufacturing shape. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of conveniently realizing selective area surface exposure, improving the printing speed of the SLM and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system.
Background
Powder bed melt additive manufacturing (including SLS and SLM) is a range of important additive manufacturing or 3D printing techniques. It is mainly a fusion of powders together by means of a high-power laser.
The process of powder bed melting additive manufacturing has the advantages that: 1) When standard metal is processed, the compactness is over 99 percent, and the good mechanical property is equivalent to that of the traditional process. 2) The types of machinable materials are continuously increased, and the machined parts can be welded in the later period. 3) The precision and the surface quality are relatively highest and can be used directly or only relatively simple post-processing is required. Thus, from a product quality perspective, powder bed melt additive manufacturing, and SLM in particular, is the most promising from a performance perspective to replace existing high performance products of the high volume industrial industry, as represented by the automotive industry. However, the powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process has disadvantages in that: 1) The raw materials are expensive, 2) the speed is low. This creates a serious bottleneck for the spread of technology in these industries.
The problem of expensive raw materials can be overcome by developing materials with new performance, but is limited by the power and cooperative control technology level of a laser system, and the rate can be increased only by multiple lasers at present. Taking a typical SLM technology as an example, according to reports and industrial exhibitions, the most collaborative laser beams at present are also stopped at 12 lasers, and are still in the research and development stage, and the difficulty is very high, the cost is very high, and the difficulty of debugging the process is also very high because the control collaboration of multi-laser direct irradiation heating and the problem of melt forming are complicated. Even if the printing efficiency of the SLM technology is still far from the direct energy deposition additive manufacturing printing technology (DED technology) or the emerging supersonic deposition additive manufacturing technology (SD technology), the accuracy of the DED technology and the SD technology is poor, and precise machine tool post-processing is required; also the printing efficiency of SLM technology does not rival the lower density and limited performance 3DP technology. The printing efficiency of the SLM technology is far from the production efficiency of the conventional production technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system comprises a laser light source module, a negative film module, a secondary amplification module, a light beam focusing adjustment module and a forming cylinder which are connected in sequence, wherein,
the laser light source module is used for generating laser;
the negative film module is used for cutting the laser to realize high-precision low-power negative film image acquisition;
the secondary amplification module is used for carrying out secondary amplification on the acquired negative light and outputting high-power pulse;
the light beam focusing adjustment module is used for focusing and shaping the input laser light beam;
the forming cylinder is used to shape the desired manufacturing shape.
Further, the laser light source module comprises a seed light source and a Q-switched pre-gain shaping unit which are connected.
Further, the seed light source is a low power highly collimated laser beam.
Furthermore, the negative film module comprises a variable light mirror, a micro optical shutter array and a Q-switched gain shaping unit which are connected in sequence.
The variable optical lens further comprises a ceramic substrate, and a lead and a plurality of electrode units which are arranged on the ceramic substrate, wherein each electrode unit corresponds to one lens unit, the lead comprises a high-level lead and a low-level lead, each electrode unit comprises two pairs of electrodes, one pair of electrodes is a fixed polarity electrode, the other pair of electrodes is a variable polarity electrode, a positive electrode of the fixed polarity electrode is connected with the high-level lead, a negative electrode of the fixed polarity electrode is connected with the low-level lead, the two electrodes of the variable polarity electrode are both connected with the high-level lead and the low-level lead through a switch module, the switch module changes the connection state with the high-level lead or the low-level lead under the excitation of an upper pulse and a lower pulse which have the same carrier period, and the lower pulse is triggered after the upper pulse.
Further, the secondary amplification module comprises a high-gain laser amplifier and a 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply which are connected, and under the action of the 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply, the output power of the high-gain laser amplifier is at least 5000J/10ms.
Furthermore, the pumping energy storage mode of the 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply is multi-stage high-voltage-high-current electric pumping.
Further, a power factor correction circuit is arranged in the 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply.
Furthermore, a phase shift control circuit is arranged in the 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply.
Furthermore, the light beam focusing adjustment module comprises a convex lens, a concave lens and a pit array lens which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the light propagation direction, the axes of the convex lens, the concave lens and the pit array lens are mutually arranged in parallel, the pit array lens is arranged on the micro-motion platform, and the convex lens and the concave lens are matched to focus and reduce light.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention is provided with a negative film module and a secondary amplification module, and separates high-precision low-power negative film image laser acquisition and high-power amplification output by a low-energy switch negative film light secondary amplification mode, solves the problem that a negative film module device needs low-energy high-quality light source and high-energy contradiction at present, can realize selective area exposure, and can improve the printing speed of an SLM by hundreds of times.
2. The seed light source is a low-power high-collimation laser beam, so that the cost is effectively reduced.
3. The variable optical lens is provided with the variable polarity electrodes, and each lens unit in the variable lens is opened or closed according to a required sequence, so that the parallel light of the surface is divided into the array small spot light, which is equivalent to the scanning of the small spot light according to a specified path, not only can the scanning mode of equivalent single spot light be realized (all array units are distributed and opened in each scanning period, and the instant pulse phases are not consistent), but also the equivalent multi-laser scanning can be realized (part of array units are opened simultaneously, and the instant pulse phases are partially consistent), and the function is complete.
4. The invention adopts a 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply, the pumping mode preferably adopts multi-stage high voltage-strong current electric pumping, 10000J of pumping energy storage can be output within 10ms to the limit, 5000J energy can be stably output after the light source is emitted, and the light amplification technology is realized.
5. The 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply comprises a power factor correction circuit, a phase shift control circuit and the like, so that high-efficiency output is guaranteed.
6. The light beam focusing adjustment module comprises convex lenses, concave lenses and pit array lenses which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the propagation direction of light, can simultaneously realize rasterization and magnification and reduction of surface continuous laser, can realize image phase-shift surface exposure, can improve the speed of multipoint scanning exposure by a metal surface exposure SLM (SLM) system, expands beam in parallel by double lenses, and realizes laser rasterization by the array lenses, so that laser rasterization can be realized without a switch element, the energy of a grid area is more concentrated, and the energy utilization rate of the surface exposure system can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable optical lens according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 10KW energy-storage type energy injection power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a beam focus adjustment module according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system, which includes a laser light source module 1, a negative film module 2, a secondary amplification module 3, a light beam focusing adjustment module 4, and a forming cylinder 5, which are connected in sequence, wherein the laser light source module 1 is used for generating laser; the negative film module 2 is used for cutting the laser to realize the high-precision low-power negative film image acquisition; the secondary amplification module 3 is used for carrying out secondary amplification on the acquired negative light and outputting high-power pulses; the beam focusing adjustment module 4 is used for focusing and shaping the input laser beam; the forming cylinder 5 is used to form a desired manufacturing shape.
In an alternative embodiment, the laser light source module 1 includes a seed light source 11 and a Q-switched pre-gain shaping unit 12 connected to each other. The seed light source 11 is preferably a low power highly collimated laser beam.
In an alternative embodiment, the negative module 2 includes a variable optical mirror 21, a micro shutter array 22 and a Q-switched gain shaping unit 23 connected in sequence.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the variable optical mirror 21 includes a ceramic substrate, and a lead and a plurality of electrode units disposed on the ceramic substrate, each electrode unit corresponds to one lens unit, the lead includes a high-level lead and a low-level lead, each electrode unit includes two pairs of electrodes, one pair of the electrodes is a fixed polarity electrode, the other pair is a variable polarity electrode, a positive electrode of the fixed polarity electrode is connected to the high-level lead, a negative electrode of the fixed polarity electrode is connected to the low-level lead, both electrodes of the variable polarity electrode are connected to the high-level lead and the low-level lead through a switching module, the switching module changes a connection state with the high-level lead or the low-level lead under excitation of an upper pulse and a lower pulse having the same carrier period, and the lower pulse is triggered after the upper pulse. In the two pairs of electrodes of the electrode unit, if the polarity of the electrodes on the same side is the same, and the electrodes are arranged in the upper + lower-, the unit is in an open state, and light can pass through the unit; if the polarity of the same side electrode is different, the unit is in off state, and light can only pass a little. When the variable beam splitter 21 is used, the number of electrode units required is large, and the number of corresponding switch modules is also large, and for example, 100 × 100=10000 units, 4 × 10000=40000 switch units are required.
In an alternative embodiment, the secondary amplification module 3 includes a high-gain laser amplifier 31 and a 10KW energy-storage energy injection power supply 32 connected to each other, and under the action of the 10KW energy-storage energy injection power supply 32, the output power of the high-gain laser amplifier 31 is at least 5000J/10ms.
In an alternative embodiment, the pumping energy storage mode of the 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply is multi-stage high-voltage-high-current pumping.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply includes a main control board, a low voltage control power supply, an ac rectification input, a power factor correction circuit, a phase shift control circuit, a high frequency transformer, an output rectification circuit, an energy storage capacitor, a voltage sampling circuit, a high voltage chopper, a chopper control circuit, and an amplifier for electric pumping. The 10KW energy-storage type energy injection power supply ensures high-efficiency output through a power factor correction circuit, a phase shift control circuit and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 4, the beam focus adjustment module 4 includes a convex lens 41, a concave lens 42 and a pit array lens 43 sequentially arranged at intervals along the propagation direction of the light, the axes of the convex lens 41, the concave lens 42 and the pit array lens 43 are arranged in parallel, the pit array lens 43 is arranged on the micro-motion platform, and the convex lens 41 and the concave lens 42 cooperate to focus and reduce the light.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make modifications and alterations without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system is characterized by comprising a laser light source module, a negative film module, a secondary amplification module, a light beam focusing adjustment module and a forming cylinder which are sequentially connected, wherein,
the laser light source module is used for generating laser;
the negative film module is used for cutting the laser to realize high-precision low-power negative film image acquisition;
the secondary amplification module is used for carrying out secondary amplification on the acquired negative film light and outputting high-power pulses;
the light beam focusing adjustment module is used for focusing and shaping the input laser light beam;
the forming cylinder is used for forming the required manufacturing shape;
the negative film module comprises a variable optical lens, a micro optical shutter array and a Q-switched gain shaping unit which are connected in sequence;
the secondary amplification module comprises a high-gain laser amplifier and a 10KW energy-storage type energy injection power supply which are connected, under the action of the 10KW energy-storage type energy injection power supply, the output power of the high-gain laser amplifier is at least 5000J/10ms, and a power factor correction circuit and a phase shift control circuit are arranged in the 10KW energy-storage type energy injection power supply;
the light beam focusing adjustment module comprises a convex lens, a concave lens and a pit array lens which are sequentially arranged at intervals along the light propagation direction, the axes of the convex lens, the concave lens and the pit array lens are arranged in parallel, the pit array lens is arranged on the micro-motion platform, and the convex lens and the concave lens are matched to focus and shrink light.
2. The metal-faced exposed powder bed melting additive manufacturing system of claim 1, wherein the laser light source module comprises a seed light source and a Q-switched pre-gain shaping unit connected.
3. The metal-surface exposed powder bed melting additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the variable optical mirror comprises a ceramic substrate, and a lead and a plurality of electrode units which are arranged on the ceramic substrate, each electrode unit corresponds to one lens unit, the lead comprises a high-level lead and a low-level lead, each electrode unit comprises two pairs of electrodes, one pair is a fixed polarity electrode, the other pair is a variable polarity electrode, a positive electrode of the fixed polarity electrode is connected with the high-level lead, a negative electrode of the fixed polarity electrode is connected with the low-level lead, two electrodes of the variable polarity electrode are both connected with the high-level lead and the low-level lead through a switch module, the switch module changes the connection state with the high-level lead or the low-level lead under excitation of an upper pulse and a lower pulse which have the same carrier period, and the lower pulse is triggered after the upper pulse.
4. The metal surface exposure type powder bed melting additive manufacturing system according to claim 1, wherein the pumping energy storage mode of the 10KW energy storage type energy injection power supply is multi-stage high-voltage-high-current electric pumping.
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| CN113385690A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-09-14 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Scanning path design method based on metal surface exposure selective laser melting technology |
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| US10399183B2 (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2019-09-03 | Ipg Photonics Corporation | Multiple beam additive manufacturing |
| US11548094B2 (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2023-01-10 | General Electric Company | System and methods for fabricating a component with laser array |
| EP3473411A1 (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2019-04-24 | CL Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH | Irradiation device for an apparatus for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects |
| CN208374472U (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-01-15 | 东莞理工学院 | A kind of the 3D printing laser and system of high-rate laser sintering |
| CN211276517U (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | Blue-green laser micro-melting forming device for high-reflection material |
| CN111844738B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-08-19 | 上海制驰智能科技有限公司 | Synchronous variable lens for SLM (Selective laser melting) surface exposure equipment and application |
| CN112285871B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-04-05 | 同济大学 | Big and small double-focusing movable lens group and metal surface exposure SLM system |
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