CN112834420A - Test method for detecting stripping performance of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface - Google Patents
Test method for detecting stripping performance of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a test method for detecting the peeling performance of a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of taking a plate which is made of the same material as a surfacing parent metal as a test parent metal, taking a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel welding wire to be detected as a test welding material, overlapping the two test plates, welding along a group of opposite edges of an upper plate, cutting the test sample in a cold machining mode after welding, abandoning arc striking and arc withdrawing parts, measuring sizes a and b of the test sample and sizes c and d of a welding seam, clamping the prepared stripping test sample and stripping the upper plate and the lower plate in a stripping test process, wedging a chisel on a symmetrical axis of the two welding seams, and finally processing a test result. The method solves the problem of designing a new method suitable for detecting the stripping performance of the surfacing interface of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel, and determines the fracture form and the weak position when the surfacing interface is stripped through a reasonable stripping sample form and a stripping force application mode so as to verify the welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test method for detecting the peeling performance of a surfacing interface of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel, belonging to the technical field of detecting the peeling performance of the surfacing interface.
Background
The surfacing welding method is widely applied to the fields of nuclear power, ships, electric power, machinery, chemical industry and the like, and aims to increase or restore the size of a weldment or enable the surface of the weldment to obtain a welding method with special performance, and the surfacing welding method can be divided into the following steps according to different purposes: wear-resistant surfacing, corrosion-resistant surfacing, isolated surfacing and thickening surfacing. The surfacing can fully exert the superior performance of the composite material, and achieve the purposes of saving materials, prolonging the service life of parts and the like.
The nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel serving as a novel surfacing material gradually replaces conventional austenitic stainless steel in the fields of chemical engineering, decoration, mechanical manufacturing and the like due to the characteristic of high cost performance, so that the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced, and the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel is widely applied to the market in recent years.
The bonding capability of the interface of the surfacing layer and the base material is one of the key factors influencing the service life of the surfacing workpiece, and a lateral bending test or a shearing test is often adopted for evaluation according to the existing method. However, when the material is peeled off, the external force is concentrated in the small area at the front end of the interface, and when the material is bent or sheared, a long section of the interface receives bending force or shearing force at the same time, so that the peeling force is obviously smaller than the shearing force and the bending force due to different stress conditions. Therefore, neither the lateral bending nor the shear test results directly reflect the anti-peeling capability of the weld deposit interface. Therefore, the effective and accurate method for evaluating the anti-stripping capability of the surfacing interface is an important means for guiding the development of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing material and process.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide the test method for detecting the peeling strength of the surfacing layer, the method not only needs to evaluate the peeling capability of the surfacing interface of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel, but also needs to fill up the blank of peeling detection in the industry, and a new idea is further provided for standardizing the surfacing industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of how to design a novel method suitable for detecting the stripping performance of the surfacing interface of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel in the background technology.
The invention provides a test method for detecting the peeling performance of a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a stripping sample:
the stripping sample adopts a plate which is made of the same material as the surfacing parent metal as a test parent metal, a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel welding wire (or welding rod) to be detected is used as a test welding material, the shape of the upper plate is a group of opposite sides parallel, the other group of opposite sides are symmetrical according to a central line axis, namely a rectangle or a symmetrical trapezoid, and the size of the upper plate is smaller than that of the lower plate.
And (3) overlapping the upper plate and the lower plate, welding along a group of opposite edges (oblique edges of the trapezoidal upper plate) of the upper plate, cutting the sample in a cold machining mode after welding, abandoning arc starting and arc ending parts, and finally measuring the sizes a and b of the sample and the sizes c and d of the welding line.
(2) The peeling test process:
clamping the prepared stripping sample, wedging the chisel on the symmetry axis of the two welding lines, and slowly wedging the chisel between the two plates by adopting a manual, pneumatic, electric or hydraulic tool;
when a mechanical tool is used for wedging, wedging is stopped until the single-side or double-side welding seam is broken or the upper plate and the lower plate are completely separated and seriously deformed; when manual wedging is used, the wedging is stopped when the upper plate yields or deforms.
(3) And (3) processing test results:
the test result is to record the size of the sample, the size of the welding seam, the stripping tool and the fracture form;
for a sample which is cracked or fractured macroscopically, firstly, the crack initiation position is judged through the direction of a herringbone on the fracture surface, secondly, the sample is split at the crack initiation position along the cross section of a welding line, finally, the area near the fracture section is prepared into a metallographic sample, and the fracture form is judged through observing the crack propagation direction through a magnifying glass or a microscope; if the fracture surface has no clear herringbone, randomly detecting the fracture forms on the cross sections of 2 welding seams on the sample, and when the fracture forms of the 2 sections are different, re-testing;
for a sample which does not crack macroscopically, judging whether the two welding seam roots crack or not by adopting a metallographic method, and if the two welding seam roots crack, evaluating the fracture form of the sample, wherein the method is the same as that of the cracked sample.
Preferably, when welding, the ambient conditions are room temperature and the relative humidity is > 10%.
Preferably, when welding, when the upper plate is rectangular, welding is carried out along a longer group of opposite sides; when the upper plate is in a symmetrical trapezoid shape, the upper plate is welded along the bevel edge.
Preferably, when welding, the arc on the stripping sample and the formation of the welding seam are ensured to be stable, and if the arc is broken, the sample is discarded.
Preferably, the positional tolerances of the weld are all < + > 2 mm.
Preferably, the welding process should be such that there are no slag, porosity, unfused defects in the weld.
Preferably, the peel test is conducted at room temperature within 72 hours after welding.
Preferably, the specimen dimensions a, b and the weld dimensions c, d are measured using metallographic methods or vernier calipers.
Preferably, to eliminate contingency and reduce test error, each set of peel tests should peel at least 3 specimens.
The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the surfacing interface of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention determines the fracture form and weak position when the surfacing interface is stripped through destructive test, and then verifies the surfacing quality.
2. The invention can also utilize the angle change of two fillet welds to realize the purpose of applying the stripping force at different angles.
3. In addition, the invention has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, simple equipment, objective and accurate result, and high test stability and repeatability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a weld test panel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a weld test panel according to the present invention;
wherein l1Lower plate length,/2Lower plate length, t1Lower plate thickness, t2-lower plate thickness, a-specimen width, b-specimen length;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a peel-off specimen according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a peel-off specimen according to the present invention;
wherein c is the weld width and d is the weld length;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a peeling apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a peeling apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the peel fracture pattern of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 7. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface specifically comprises three parts, namely preparation of a peeling sample, a peeling test process and test result processing.
The invention provides a test method for detecting the peeling performance of a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of peeling sample
In the stripping test, a plate made of the same material as the surfacing parent metal is used as a test parent metal, a welding wire (welding rod) to be detected is used as a test welding material, and the sizes of the plate and the welding line are specifically shown in table 1, but the specific values are not limited to those in table 1.
TABLE 1 sheet and weld sizes
Unit is millimeter
The upper plate is rectangular or symmetrical trapezoid and has a size smaller than that of the lower plate.
The upper plate and the lower plate are overlapped, then welding is carried out along a group of opposite edges (the bevel edges of the trapezoidal upper plate) of the upper plate, the upper plate and the lower plate are connected in an angle joint mode, a sample is cut in a cold machining mode after welding, arc starting and arc stopping parts are abandoned, and finally the sizes a and b of the sample and the sizes c and d of welding seams are measured.
Welding is performed according to fig. 1-2, i.e. welding is performed along a set of opposite edges of the upper plate, the upper plate and the lower plate are connected in an angle joint mode, and during welding, the environmental conditions are room temperature and the relative humidity is more than 10%. The arc and weld formation on the stripped sample are ensured to be stable, and if the arc is broken, the sample is discarded. The position form and position tolerance of the welding seam is less than +/-2 mm. The adopted welding process can ensure that the defects of slag inclusion, air holes and incomplete fusion do not exist in the welding seam.
After welding, the welding test plate is decomposed into a plurality of stripping test samples along the dotted line in the figures 3-4 by adopting a cold working mode, and the arc starting part and the arc stopping part are abandoned. The sample dimensions a, b and the weld dimensions c, d are measured using a tool such as a metallographic method or a vernier caliper. The dimensions and form of the peel specimens are shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 3-4.
2. Peel test procedure
The peel test should be conducted at room temperature within 72 hours after welding.
The prepared peeling sample is clamped as shown in fig. 5-6, namely, two ends of the lower plate of the prepared peeling sample are clamped, and a thickening plate is fixed behind the lower plate, so that the lower plate is prevented from obviously bending and deforming during peeling.
The separation of the two plates is carried out using the chisel shown in figures 5-6, the wedge position of the chisel being on the axis of symmetry of the two welds. The chisel is slowly wedged between the plates using a manual, pneumatic, electric or hydraulic tool.
When a mechanical tool is used for wedging, wedging can be stopped until a single-side or double-side welding seam is broken or the upper plate and the lower plate are completely separated and seriously deformed; when manual wedging is adopted, the wedging can be stopped when the upper plate yields or deforms.
To eliminate contingency and reduce test error, each set of tests should peel off at least 3 parallel specimens.
3. Test results
The test results should record the specimen size, weld size, stripping tool and fracture type (fracture type includes: welding material stripping/interface stripping/parent material stripping).
For a sample with macroscopic cracking (or fracture), firstly, the crack initiation position is judged by pointing the 'herringbone' of the fracture surface, secondly, the sample is split at the crack initiation position along the cross section of a welding seam, finally, the area near the fracture section is prepared into a metallographic sample, and the crack propagation direction is observed by a magnifying glass or a microscope to judge the fracture form (see figure 7). If the fracture surface has no clear herringbone, the fracture forms on the sections of 2 welding seams on the sample are randomly detected, and when the fracture forms of the 2 sections are different, the test is required to be carried out again.
And for the sample which is not cracked macroscopically, judging whether the cracking occurs or not at the root parts of the two welding seams by adopting a metallographic method. If cracking is to be assessed, the fracture form is evaluated in the same manner as for the cracked sample.
Example 1
The invention belongs to the technical field of detecting the stripping performance of a metal surfacing interface, and particularly relates to three parts of sample preparation, a stripping test process and test result processing for detecting the stripping performance of a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface.
1. Preparation of peeling sample
A Q345 plate is used as a base material, a 08Cr19MnNi3Cu2N solid welding wire with phi of 1.2mm is used as a surfacing welding material, the sizes of a test plate and a test piece are shown in a table 2, surfacing is carried out by adopting an MIG welding method, 99.99% of Ar is used for protection in the welding process, the dry elongation of the welding wire is 16mm, the wire feeding speed is 610mm/min, and other welding process parameters are shown in a table 3. After the test plate welding is completed, the arc striking and arc withdrawing portions are removed by cold working, and the test plate is processed into a prescribed sample size.
TABLE 2 test panel and test piece size
Unit is millimeter
TABLE 3 welding Process parameters
2. Peel test procedure
The peel test was performed at room temperature within 72 hours after welding, and both ends of the prepared peel test piece were clamped on a static uniaxial testing machine.
Slowly wedging the chisel into the gap between the two plates along the symmetry axis of the sample, and stopping wedging continuously after the single-side welding seam is broken.
The same test procedure was repeated to strip 3 parallel samples.
3. Test result processing
The peel test results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Peel test results
Analysis in table 4 shows that no interface peeling occurs in any of the 3 samples, which indicates that the overlaying welding interface of 08Cr19MnNi3Cu2N/Q345 in the welding process has better peeling resistance.
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and that the reasonable combination of the features described in the above-mentioned embodiments can be made, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test method for detecting the peeling performance of a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of a stripping sample:
the stripping sample adopts a plate which is made of the same material as the surfacing parent metal as a test parent metal, a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel welding wire to be detected is used as a test welding material, the upper plate is rectangular or symmetrical trapezoid, and the size of the upper plate is smaller than that of the lower plate;
the two test plates are overlapped, then welding is carried out along a group of opposite edges of the upper plate, and the upper plate and the lower plate are connected in an angle joint mode;
cutting a sample in a cold machining mode after welding, and abandoning an arc starting part and an arc ending part;
measuring the sizes a and b of the samples and the sizes c and d of the welding seams;
(2) the peeling test process:
clamping two ends of the prepared lower plate of the stripping sample, fixing a thickening plate behind the lower plate, wedging the chisel in the symmetrical axis of the two welding lines, and slowly wedging the chisel between the two plates;
when a mechanical tool is used for wedging, wedging is stopped until a single-side or double-side welding seam is broken or the upper plate and the lower plate are completely separated and seriously deformed, and when manual wedging is used, wedging is stopped when the upper plate is yielded or deformed;
(3) and (3) processing test results:
the test result is to record the size of the sample, the size of the welding seam, the stripping tool and the fracture form;
for a sample which is cracked or fractured macroscopically, firstly, the crack initiation position is judged through the direction of a herringbone on the fracture surface, secondly, the sample is split at the crack initiation position along the cross section of a welding line, finally, the area near the fracture section is prepared into a metallographic sample, and the fracture form is judged through observing the crack propagation direction through a magnifying glass or a microscope; if the fracture surface has no clear herringbone, randomly detecting the fracture forms on the 2 welding seam sections on the sample, and when the fracture forms of the 2 sections are different, re-testing;
for a sample which does not crack macroscopically, judging whether the two welding seam roots crack or not by adopting a metallographic method, and if the two welding seam roots crack, evaluating the fracture form of the sample, wherein the method is the same as that of the cracked sample.
2. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the surfacing interface of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein during welding, when the upper plate is rectangular, welding is performed along a longer group of opposite sides; when the upper plate is in a symmetrical trapezoid shape, the upper plate is welded along the bevel edge.
3. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the surfacing interface of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the environmental condition is room temperature and the relative humidity is more than 10% during welding.
4. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the build-up welding interface of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the arc and the weld bead on the peeled sample are stably formed during welding, and if the arc is broken, the sample is discarded.
5. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the build-up welding interface of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the position form and position tolerance of the welding seam is less than +/-2 mm, and the selected welding process needs to meet the requirement that the welding seam has no defects of slag inclusion, pores and unfused fusion.
6. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel surfacing interface according to claim 1, wherein the sizes a and b of the test pieces and the sizes c and d of the welding seams are measured by using a metallographic method or a vernier caliper.
7. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the surfacing interface of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the peeling test is performed at room temperature within 72 hours after welding.
8. The test method for detecting the peeling performance of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel overlaying interface according to claim 1, wherein at least 3 samples should be peeled in each set of peeling test in order to eliminate contingency and reduce test errors.
9. The test method for detecting the surfacing interface debonding performance of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the fracture modes include welding material debonding, interface debonding, and base material debonding.
10. The test method for detecting the peeling property of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel build-up welding interface according to claim 1, wherein a chisel is slowly wedged between the two plates using a manual, pneumatic, electric or hydraulic tool.
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