CN112832777B - Tunnel monitoring and measuring system and construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel monitoring and measuring system and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112832777B CN112832777B CN202110047778.8A CN202110047778A CN112832777B CN 112832777 B CN112832777 B CN 112832777B CN 202110047778 A CN202110047778 A CN 202110047778A CN 112832777 B CN112832777 B CN 112832777B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel monitoring and measuring system and a construction method, wherein the method carries out tunnel construction according to a first design scheme, and carries out measurement point arrangement construction in the tunnel construction process; collecting measurement results in real time through measurement points and sending the collected measurement results to an information processing module; the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement result and generates a comprehensive evaluation report; judging whether the design scheme needs to be replaced according to the comprehensive evaluation report; if the design scheme needs to be replaced, redesigning to form a second design scheme according to the comprehensive evaluation report, and performing tunnel construction according to the second design scheme; if the design scheme is not required to be replaced, the tunnel construction is continued according to the first design scheme, and the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method provided by the invention can be used for completely avoiding potential safety hazards in the tunnel excavation construction process, and the safety protection reworking is not required to be carried out at the later stage of the tunnel construction, so that the workload is saved, and the safety of the tunnel excavation construction is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel monitoring and measuring system and a construction method.
Background
When tunneling is performed on the tunnel of various engineering projects, in order to ensure the safe construction of the tunnel and ensure the life and property safety of constructors, the tunnel needs to be monitored and measured, and then the tunnel needs to be timely protected after the potential safety hazards are found, so that the occurrence of safety accidents is avoided, but as the original construction scheme is not changed, the protection measures are only taken, the potential safety hazards still exist actually, reworking and retesting are often required, so that the safety accidents are avoided, if the potential safety hazards occur again, more cost still needs to be input for protection at the later stage of the tunnel construction, the workload is increased, and the measurer easily misjudges the safety state of the tunnel, so that the occurrence of the safety accidents is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a tunnel monitoring and measuring system and a construction method, and aims to solve the problems that potential safety hazards and the like cannot be completely avoided in the tunnel monitoring and measuring construction method in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a tunnel monitoring measurement construction method, which includes the steps of:
carrying out tunnel construction according to the first design scheme, and carrying out measurement point arrangement construction in the tunnel construction process;
collecting measurement results in real time through measurement points, and sending the collected measurement results to an information processing module by the measurement points;
the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement result and generates a comprehensive evaluation report;
judging whether the design scheme needs to be replaced according to the comprehensive evaluation report;
if the design scheme needs to be replaced, redesigning to form a second design scheme according to the comprehensive evaluation report, and performing tunnel construction according to the second design scheme;
if the design scheme does not need to be replaced, continuing tunnel construction according to the first design scheme.
Preferably, after the step of performing tunnel construction according to the first design and performing measurement point arrangement construction in the tunnel construction process, the method further includes:
measuring surrounding rock soil by adopting a geological compass after the primary support construction of the tunnel is completed, and sampling the surrounding rock soil of the tunnel to prepare a rock soil sample;
testing the rock and soil sample, observing lithology of the rock and soil sample and tunnel structure surface occurrence, and generating a surrounding rock and soil test report;
and drawing a geological factor graph according to the surrounding rock soil test report, and sending the geological factor graph to the information processing module so as to grasp the surrounding rock soil property of the tunnel and the primary support state of the tunnel.
Preferably, the step of performing tunnel construction according to the first design scheme and performing measurement point arrangement construction in the tunnel construction process includes:
each first settlement observation point group is arranged at intervals of 5m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, each first settlement observation point group is arranged on the ground surface right above the tunnel positive hole, and each first settlement observation point group comprises a plurality of first settlement observation points arranged at intervals along the section of the tunnel so as to be used for measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel.
Preferably, a first settlement observation point group is set at intervals of 5m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, each first settlement observation point group is set on the ground surface right above the tunnel positive hole, and the first settlement observation point group includes a plurality of first settlement observation points set at intervals along the tunnel section for measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel, after the step of measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel, the method comprises:
setting a second settlement observation point at intervals of 10-50 m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive tunnel so as to be used for measuring the settlement of the tunnel roof arch; each second settlement observation point is arranged at the center line of the top arch of the tunnel section;
setting a third settlement observation point at intervals of 10-50 m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, so as to be used for measuring the uplift amount of the tunnel substrate; and each third settlement observation point is arranged at the central line of the substrate of the tunnel section.
Preferably, a first settlement observation point group is set at intervals of 5m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, each first settlement observation point group is set on the ground surface right above the tunnel positive hole, and the first settlement observation point group includes a plurality of first settlement observation points set at intervals along the tunnel section for measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel, and after the step of measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel, the method further includes:
respectively arranging deformation observation points at two sides of a tunnel section to form deformation observation point groups, and ensuring that the heights of the deformation observation points at two sides are the same so as to measure the convergence quantity of surrounding rock soil at two sides of the tunnel;
and a deformation observation point net is arranged at intervals of 10m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, the deformation observation point net comprises a plurality of deformation observation point groups, and the deformation observation point groups are arranged around the section of the tunnel.
Preferably, a deformation observation point network is arranged at intervals of 10m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, the deformation observation point network comprises a plurality of deformation observation point groups, and the step of arranging the deformation observation point groups around the section of the tunnel comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of force measuring anchor rods around the section of the tunnel, abutting one end of each force measuring anchor rod with the tunnel support, and extending the other end of each force measuring anchor rod into surrounding rock soil;
and a stress meter is arranged in the tunnel support around the tunnel section.
Preferably, the step of performing tunnel construction according to the first design and performing measurement point arrangement construction during tunnel construction further includes:
a water level pipe is arranged at the tunnel face;
an electric measuring type water level gauge is arranged in the water level pipe to measure the water level variation in the tunnel.
Preferably, the step of collecting the measurement results by the measurement points, and the measurement points send the collected measurement results to the information processing module includes:
measuring the first settlement observation point, the second settlement observation point and the third settlement observation point once through a total station every first preset time to respectively obtain the first settlement amount of the first settlement observation point, the second settlement amount of the second settlement observation point and the third settlement amount of the third settlement observation point;
measuring deformation observation points once by adopting a convergence meter every second preset time to obtain convergence;
and acquiring data of the force measuring anchor rod and the stress meter once every third preset time to respectively obtain the surrounding rock soil pressure of the force measuring anchor rod and the supporting internal stress of the stress meter.
Preferably, the step of analyzing and processing the measurement result by the information processing module and generating the comprehensive evaluation report includes:
drawing a displacement-time curve from the first settlement amount, the second settlement amount, the third settlement amount and the convergence amount respectively;
carrying out data processing and regression analysis on the displacement-time curve to generate a displacement-time curve function;
calculating the current safety coefficient of tunnel construction according to the displacement-time curve function;
the step of judging whether the design scheme needs to be replaced according to the comprehensive evaluation report comprises the following steps:
judging whether the tunnel construction is in a safe state according to the safety coefficient;
if the tunnel is not in the safe state, redesigning to form a second design scheme according to the safety coefficient, and performing tunnel construction according to the second design scheme;
if the tunnel is in the safe state, continuing tunnel construction according to the first design scheme.
The invention also provides a tunnel monitoring and measuring system, which is constructed by adopting the tunnel monitoring and measuring construction method, and comprises the following steps:
the measuring point is used for carrying out real-time monitoring measurement on the tunnel to obtain a measuring result;
and the information processing module is used for analyzing and processing the measurement result.
According to the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method, tunnel excavation construction is carried out according to the first design scheme, proper measurement points are arranged in the tunnel excavation construction process, corresponding measurement data are timely collected through the measurement points and sent to the information processing module, the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement data, analysis feedback is carried out on the mechanical states of the excavation and support sections, a complete comprehensive evaluation report is formed, specific data of each excavation construction section are displayed in the comprehensive evaluation report, constructors intuitively judge the specific situation of each excavation construction section through the comprehensive evaluation report, proper protection measures are adopted for general dangerous sections, potential safety hazards are eliminated, a second design scheme is formed by redesigning the dangerous sections which cannot completely avoid the safety hazards, actual construction measures are adjusted according to the second design scheme, the fact that the potential safety hazards can be completely avoided in the tunnel excavation construction process is guaranteed, safety protection reworking is not needed in the later stage of tunnel construction, work load is saved, and the safety of tunnel excavation construction is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a tunnel monitoring and measuring construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a second embodiment of the tunnel monitoring and measuring construction method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of a tunnel monitoring and measuring construction method according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a refinement flow of step S100 in a fourth embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a refinement flow of step S200 in a fifth embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of measurement points outside a tunnel of the tunnel monitoring measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of measurement points in a tunnel of the tunnel monitoring measurement system of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name of the name | Reference numerals | Name of the name |
| 100 | Tunnel section | 4 | Deformation observation point |
| 1 | First sedimentation observation point | 5 | Force measuring anchor rod |
| 2 | Second sedimentation observation point | 6 | Stress meter |
| 3 | Third sedimentation viewMeasuring point |
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.
The invention provides a tunnel monitoring measurement construction method.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step S100, tunnel construction is carried out according to a first design scheme, and measurement point arrangement construction is carried out in the tunnel construction process;
the measuring points in the tunnel are arranged within a range of 2m away from the excavation working face, the measuring points are not larger than the circulating footage of each tunneling construction, corresponding protection engineering is arranged, the measuring points are not damaged by the next tunneling construction cycle, other measuring points are additionally arranged according to different situations, the measuring points are guaranteed to meet the monitoring and measuring requirements, and the surrounding rock soil change in the tunnel construction process can be accurately measured.
Step S200, collecting measurement results in real time through measurement points, and sending the collected measurement results to an information processing module through the measurement points;
after the primary construction is completed, the measuring point should be measured once within 24 hours or before the next tunnel excavation construction so as to measure initial reading, then the measuring reading is carried out once every certain time according to the design requirement, and the measuring result is collected and sent to the information processing module.
Step S300, the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement result and generates a comprehensive evaluation report;
analyzing and processing the measured data, analyzing and feeding back, evaluating the mechanical state of the excavated and supported sections, and taking necessary remedial measures for dangerous sections so as to avoid safety accidents. If potential safety hazards occur in the actual monitoring process, attention should be paid, various monitoring contents are comprehensively analyzed in time, and monitoring data of other projects are compared with each other to further discuss the stability of surrounding rock so as to discover the potential safety hazards early and take corresponding remedial measures
Step S400, judging whether the design scheme needs to be replaced according to the comprehensive evaluation report;
step S500, if the design scheme needs to be replaced, redesigning to form a second design scheme according to the comprehensive evaluation report, and performing tunnel construction according to the second design scheme;
in step S600, if the design scheme does not need to be replaced, the tunnel construction is continued according to the first design scheme.
For dangerous case sections which cannot be completely eliminated, because of poor geological conditions, common protective measures are difficult to completely avoid potential safety hazards, if construction is still carried out according to the first design scheme, construction cost is increased, therefore, for the dangerous case sections, the first design scheme needs to be properly changed according to the comprehensive evaluation report to form a second design scheme or the second design scheme needs to be redesigned to form the second design scheme, and construction is carried out according to the second design scheme, so that safety accidents are avoided. For the dangerous case section which can be discharged, the first design scheme is still adopted for construction.
As shown in fig. 6 and fig. 7, specifically, the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method of this embodiment performs tunnel excavation construction according to the first design scheme, and arranges appropriate measurement points in the tunnel excavation construction process, and timely collects corresponding measurement data through the measurement points, and sends the measurement data to the information processing module, the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement data, performs analysis feedback, evaluates the mechanical states of the excavation and support sections, forms a complete comprehensive evaluation report, displays specific data of each excavation construction section in the comprehensive evaluation report, constructors intuitively judge specific situations of each excavation construction section through the comprehensive evaluation report, adopts appropriate protection measures for general dangerous sections, eliminates potential safety hazards, and redesigns the dangerous sections which cannot completely avoid safety hazards, adjusts actual construction measures according to the second design scheme, ensures that the potential safety hazards can be completely avoided in the tunnel excavation construction process, does not need to perform safety protection rework again in the later stage of tunnel construction, saves the workload, and improves the safety of the excavation construction.
Further, referring to fig. 2, a flow chart of a second embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to the present invention is shown, based on the first embodiment, after step S100, further includes:
s101, measuring surrounding rock soil by adopting a geological compass after the primary support construction of a tunnel is completed, and sampling the surrounding rock soil of the tunnel to prepare a rock soil sample;
step S102, testing a rock-soil sample, observing lithology of the rock-soil sample and tunnel structure surface occurrence, and generating a surrounding rock-soil test report;
and step S103, drawing a geological element map according to the surrounding rock soil test report, and sending the geological element map to an information processing module so as to grasp the surrounding rock soil property of the tunnel and the primary support state of the tunnel.
After each blasting and initial period of the tunnel, adopting a geological compass to intuitively or sample and test, and timely observing lithology, structural surface appearance and the like; checking surrounding rock classification, and drawing a ground element surface graph so as to grasp surrounding rock soil properties and the stability of the primary support of the tunnel in time, provide visual necessary information for safe construction and ensure construction safety; and then the geological element map is sent to an information processing module, and then the information processing module analyzes and processes the geological element map and the geological element map is converged into a comprehensive evaluation report.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic flow chart of a third embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to the present invention, based on the first embodiment, step S100 includes:
s110, performing S110; and each first settlement observation point group is arranged at intervals of 5m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, each first settlement observation point group is arranged on the ground surface right above the tunnel positive hole, and each first settlement observation point group comprises a plurality of first settlement observation points arranged at intervals along the section of the tunnel so as to be used for measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel.
As shown in FIG. 6, the first settlement observation points are arranged at the earth surface right above the tunnel, the first settlement observation point groups are formed by arranging the first settlement observation points at intervals along the horizontal direction, the first settlement observation point groups are arranged at intervals of 5-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel, the first settlement point groups are arranged before the tunnel is excavated and are respectively measured for a plurality of times before, during and after the excavation of the tunnel section so as to judge the influence degree and the range of the tunnel excavation construction on the earth surface, the earth surface settlement is controlled within 30mm, the warning line is 20mm, the excavation construction is stopped immediately when the tunnel is over 30mm, and whether the tunnel construction is safe is judged again according to practical conditions when the tunnel construction is over 20mm but less than 30mm, so that the tunnel construction safety is ensured.
Referring to fig. 3, a flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to the present invention is shown, based on the third embodiment, after step S110, including:
step S120, setting a second settlement observation point at intervals of 10-50 m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive tunnel so as to be used for measuring the settlement of the tunnel roof arch; each second settlement observation point is arranged at the center line of the top arch of the tunnel section;
step S130, setting a third settlement observation point at intervals of 10-50 m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole so as to be used for measuring the uplift amount of the tunnel substrate; each third settlement observation point is arranged at the central line of the substrate of the tunnel section.
As shown in fig. 7, the second settlement observation points are generally arranged at intervals of 10m-50m, the second settlement observation points are all arranged at the center line of the top arch of the tunnel section, the second settlement observation points are used for measuring the subsidence of the top arch, the subsidence of the top arch is between 20mm-40mm, the warning line is 15mm-30mm, specific warning line values are determined according to the size of the tunnel positive hole, the third settlement observation points are arranged at intervals of 10m-50m, the third settlement observation points are all arranged at the center line of the substrate of the tunnel section, the third settlement observation points are used for measuring the substrate bulge, the third settlement observation points and the second settlement observation points are all arranged within a range of 2m from the excavation surface of the tunnel, the second settlement observation points and the third settlement observation points are all arranged in the same plane, the measurement results can be mutually verified, the cooperative analysis and the application are ensured, and the accuracy of the measurement results is ensured.
Referring to fig. 4, a flowchart of a fifth embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement method according to the present invention is shown, based on the fourth embodiment, after step S130, further including:
step S140, respectively setting a deformation observation point at two sides of the tunnel section to form a deformation observation point group, and ensuring that the heights of the deformation observation points at two sides are the same so as to measure the convergence of surrounding rock and soil at two sides of the tunnel;
and S150, arranging a deformation observation point network along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole at intervals of 10-50 m, wherein the deformation observation point network comprises a plurality of deformation observation point groups, and the deformation observation point groups are arranged around the section of the tunnel.
As shown in fig. 7, deformation observation points are respectively disposed at two sides of a tunnel section, and the heights of the deformation observation points at the two sides are the same, so as to measure the convergence amount at the two sides of the tunnel, and according to the actual condition of the tunnel, multiple pairs of deformation observation points can be disposed to more accurately measure the convergence data of the tunnel section, and the deformation observation points, the second settlement observation points and the third settlement observation points are all disposed in the same plane, so that the measurement results can be mutually verified, and the accuracy of the measurement results is ensured through collaborative analysis and application.
Referring to fig. 4, a flowchart of a sixth embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement method according to the present invention is shown, based on the fifth embodiment, the step S150 includes:
step S160, arranging a plurality of force measuring anchor rods around the section of the tunnel, abutting one end of each force measuring anchor rod with the tunnel support, and extending the other end of each force measuring anchor rod into surrounding rock soil;
and S170, arranging a stress meter in the tunnel support around the tunnel section.
As shown in FIG. 7, the force measuring anchor rod is arranged around the tunnel section, but one force measuring anchor rod is arranged at the center line of the tunnel roof arch, and other force measuring anchor rods are arranged at key bearing points of the tunnel section, so that the force measuring anchor rod can accurately measure the stress condition of the tunnel section, the precision of tunnel monitoring measurement is further ensured, accurate data support is provided for monitoring the safety condition of the tunnel, and the construction safety of the tunnel is further ensured.
Based on the above-mentioned third embodiment, for the seventh embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement method of the present invention, step S110 further includes:
step S1001, setting a water level pipe at the tunnel face;
step S1002, an electrical measuring type water level gauge is arranged in the water level pipe to measure the water level variation in the tunnel.
The water level pipe adopts a PVC plastic pipe with the diameter of 65mm, the bottom of the water level pipe is provided with a 1m sedimentation section, the sedimentation section is provided with a water filtering section above, the wall of the water filtering section is provided with 6-8 rows of water filtering holes with the aperture of 6mm, the outer wall of the water filtering section is wrapped by 3-5 layers of gauze, and the binding is firm. Drilling (aperture 100 mm) to a design depth using a drill at a design position of the monitoring object, and flushing the sediment with water. After the flushing is completed, the manufactured water level pipe is put into the hole. The space between the drill hole and the pipe is backfilled to the filtering section by sand, and then is filled by clay. The pipe orifice of the water level pipe is higher than the ground by more than 100mm, and a pipe cover is arranged to prevent surface water and sundries from entering the pipe. The underground water level monitoring is carried out in the excavated area, the change condition of the underground water level in the construction range caused by excavation construction is tested, whether water level change and water level change development trend and the like occur at each measuring point are monitored, a reference basis is provided for determining the stability of the tunnel, and the construction safety of the tunnel is further ensured.
Referring to fig. 5, for an eighth embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to the present invention, based on the sixth embodiment, step S200 includes:
step S201, measuring a first settlement observation point, a second settlement observation point and a third settlement observation point once through a total station every first preset time to respectively obtain a first settlement amount of the first settlement observation point, a second settlement amount of the second settlement observation point and a third settlement amount of the third settlement observation point;
step S202, measuring deformation observation points once by adopting a convergence meter every second preset time to obtain convergence;
and step S203, carrying out data acquisition on the force measuring anchor rod and the stress meter once every third preset time to respectively obtain the surrounding rock soil pressure of the force measuring anchor rod and the supporting internal stress of the stress meter.
According to actual conditions and construction progress, observation of each measuring point (a first settlement observation point, a second settlement observation point, a third settlement observation point, a deformation observation point and a measuring anchor rod) in different time periods is carried out, so that measurement results are obtained, meanwhile, development trends (namely geological element diagrams) of foundation pit rock mass weathering and cracks and groundwater conditions are recorded, comprehensive monitoring and measurement of a tunnel are guaranteed, accuracy and perfection of data are guaranteed, tunnel construction safety is guaranteed, and the data are uniformly sent to an information processing module.
Based on the eighth embodiment, for the ninth embodiment of the tunnel monitoring measurement method of the present invention, step S300 includes:
step S301, drawing a displacement-time curve from the first settlement amount, the second settlement amount, the third settlement amount and the convergence amount respectively;
step S302, data processing and regression analysis are carried out on the displacement-time curve, and a displacement-time curve function is generated;
step S303, calculating the current safety coefficient of tunnel construction according to the displacement-time curve function;
step S400 includes:
step S401, judging whether the tunnel construction is in a safe state according to the safety coefficient;
step S402, if the tunnel is not in a safe state, redesigning to form a second design scheme according to the safety coefficient, and performing tunnel construction according to the second design scheme;
step S403, if the tunnel is in the safe state, continuing the tunnel construction according to the first design scheme.
The on-site measurement data should be timely drawn into a displacement-time curve, and the construction procedure and the distance from the excavated working surface to the measurement section should be noted under the time coordinate axis of the curve; the safety coefficient is calculated through the displacement time curve, when the displacement-time curve tends to be gentle, the safety coefficient is higher at the moment, the tunnel is in a safe state, data processing or back-to-back analysis is carried out, so that final displacement and displacement change rules are calculated, the tunnel construction is ensured to be in a safe state finally, when an abnormal sudden phenomenon occurs in the displacement time curve, the safety coefficient is lower at the moment, the surrounding rock-supporting system at the moment is in an unstable state, excavation is stopped, supporting or changing schemes are reinforced, a second design scheme is redesigned, construction is carried out by adopting the second design scheme, and construction safety is ensured.
The invention also provides a tunnel monitoring and measuring system which is constructed by adopting the tunnel monitoring and measuring construction method, and comprises a measuring point and an information processing module, wherein the measuring point is used for carrying out real-time monitoring and measuring on the tunnel to obtain a measuring result; the information processing module is used for analyzing and processing the measurement results.
Specifically, measurement results are obtained through real-time monitoring of measurement points and are sent to an information processing module, and the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement results to complete collection and processing of the measurement results, so that data support is provided for tunnel safety construction.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but rather should be understood to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following description and drawings or any application directly or indirectly to other relevant art(s).
Claims (10)
1. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out tunnel construction according to the first design scheme, and carrying out measurement point arrangement construction in the tunnel construction process;
collecting measurement results in real time through measurement points, and sending the collected measurement results to an information processing module by the measurement points;
the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement result and generates a comprehensive evaluation report;
judging whether the design scheme needs to be replaced according to the comprehensive evaluation report;
if the design scheme needs to be replaced, redesigning to form a second design scheme according to the comprehensive evaluation report, and performing tunnel construction according to the second design scheme;
if the design scheme does not need to be replaced, continuing tunnel construction according to the first design scheme;
the information processing module analyzes and processes the measurement result and generates a comprehensive evaluation report, and the method comprises the following steps:
generating a displacement-time curve according to the measurement result;
carrying out data processing and regression analysis on the displacement-time curve to generate a displacement-time curve function;
calculating the current safety coefficient of tunnel construction according to the displacement-time curve function;
wherein, judge whether to need to change the design scheme according to the comprehensive evaluation report, include:
judging whether the tunnel construction is in a safe state according to the safety coefficient;
if the tunnel is not in the safe state, redesigning to form a second design scheme according to the safety coefficient, and performing tunnel construction according to the second design scheme;
if the tunnel is in a safe state, continuing tunnel construction according to the first design scheme, and calculating displacement and a displacement change rule.
2. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of performing tunnel construction according to the first design and performing measurement point arrangement construction during tunnel construction, further comprising:
measuring surrounding rock soil by adopting a geological compass after the primary support construction of the tunnel is completed, and sampling the surrounding rock soil of the tunnel to prepare a rock soil sample;
testing the rock and soil sample, observing lithology of the rock and soil sample and tunnel structure surface occurrence, and generating a surrounding rock and soil test report;
and drawing a geological factor graph according to the surrounding rock soil test report, and sending the geological factor graph to the information processing module so as to grasp the surrounding rock soil property of the tunnel and the primary support state of the tunnel.
3. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing tunnel construction according to the first design and performing measurement point arrangement construction during tunnel construction includes:
each first settlement observation point group is arranged at intervals of 5m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, each first settlement observation point group is arranged on the ground surface right above the tunnel positive hole, and each first settlement observation point group comprises a plurality of first settlement observation points arranged at intervals along the section of the tunnel so as to be used for measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel.
4. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to claim 3, wherein a first settlement observation point group is provided at each interval of 5m to 50m along the extending direction of the tunnel main tunnel, each of the first settlement observation point groups is provided on the ground surface right above the tunnel main tunnel, the first settlement observation point group includes a plurality of first settlement observation points provided at intervals along the tunnel section for measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel, and after the step of measuring the ground surface settlement right above the tunnel, the method comprises:
setting a second settlement observation point at intervals of 10-50 m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive tunnel so as to be used for measuring the settlement of the tunnel roof arch; each second settlement observation point is arranged at the center line of the top arch of the tunnel section;
setting a third settlement observation point at intervals of 10-50 m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, so as to be used for measuring the uplift amount of the tunnel substrate; and each third settlement observation point is arranged at the central line of the substrate of the tunnel section.
5. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to claim 4, wherein a third settlement observation point is provided at intervals of 10m to 50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole for measuring the amount of bulge of the tunnel substrate; after the step of setting the third settlement observation points at the substrate center line of the tunnel section, the method further comprises:
respectively arranging deformation observation points at two sides of a tunnel section to form deformation observation point groups, and ensuring that the heights of the deformation observation points at two sides are the same so as to measure the convergence quantity of surrounding rock soil at two sides of the tunnel;
and a deformation observation point net is arranged at intervals of 10m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive hole, the deformation observation point net comprises a plurality of deformation observation point groups, and the deformation observation point groups are arranged around the section of the tunnel.
6. The method for constructing a tunnel monitoring measurement according to claim 5, wherein a deformation observation point network is provided at intervals of 10m-50m along the extending direction of the tunnel positive tunnel, the deformation observation point network comprises a plurality of deformation observation point groups, and the step of arranging the deformation observation point groups around the section of the tunnel comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of force measuring anchor rods around the section of the tunnel, abutting one end of each force measuring anchor rod with the tunnel support, and extending the other end of each force measuring anchor rod into surrounding rock soil;
and a stress meter is arranged in the tunnel support around the tunnel section.
7. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to claim 6, wherein the step of performing tunnel construction according to the first design and performing measurement point arrangement construction during tunnel construction further comprises:
a water level pipe is arranged at the tunnel face;
an electric measuring type water level gauge is arranged in the water level pipe to measure the water level variation in the tunnel.
8. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to claim 6, wherein the step of collecting the measurement results by the measurement points and transmitting the collected measurement results to the information processing module includes:
measuring the first settlement observation point, the second settlement observation point and the third settlement observation point once through a total station every first preset time to respectively obtain the first settlement amount of the first settlement observation point, the second settlement amount of the second settlement observation point and the third settlement amount of the third settlement observation point;
measuring deformation observation points once by adopting a convergence meter every second preset time to obtain convergence;
and acquiring data of the force measuring anchor rod and the stress meter once every third preset time to respectively obtain the surrounding rock soil pressure of the force measuring anchor rod and the supporting internal stress of the stress meter.
9. The tunnel monitoring measurement construction method according to claim 8, wherein the step of generating a displacement-time curve from the measurement result comprises:
and drawing the first settling amount, the second settling amount, the third settling amount and the convergence amount into displacement-time curves respectively.
10. A tunnel monitoring and measuring system constructed by the tunnel monitoring and measuring construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
the measuring point is used for carrying out real-time monitoring measurement on the tunnel to obtain a measuring result;
and the information processing module is used for analyzing and processing the measurement result.
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