CN112831331A - Garbage dry distillation treatment method and system - Google Patents
Garbage dry distillation treatment method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112831331A CN112831331A CN202110216788.XA CN202110216788A CN112831331A CN 112831331 A CN112831331 A CN 112831331A CN 202110216788 A CN202110216788 A CN 202110216788A CN 112831331 A CN112831331 A CN 112831331A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 pyroligneous liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10C—WORKING-UP PITCH, ASPHALT, BITUMEN, TAR; PYROLIGNEOUS ACID
- C10C5/00—Production of pyroligneous acid distillation of wood, dry distillation of organic waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a garbage dry distillation treatment method, which comprises the following steps: s1, a wood vinegar spraying and deodorizing device is arranged on a garbage pretreatment tank to deodorize and sterilize garbage; s2, conveying the garbage into a plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns, and heating heat conduction oil pipes in the hot oil dry distillation kilns by using a heat conduction oil boiler; s3, in the step S2, heating of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns is divided into three stages of low-temperature heating, medium-high temperature heating and high-temperature cracking heating, an auxiliary heating chamber is arranged on the outer sides of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns, and hot gas of the hot oil dry distillation kilns in the high-temperature cracking stage can be used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the hot oil dry distillation kilns in the low-temperature heating stage through the auxiliary heating chamber; and S4, arranging a condenser to condense the gas generated in each hot oil dry distillation kiln and separating and extracting the pyroligneous liquor and the tar. The invention also discloses a garbage dry distillation treatment system. The invention discloses a garbage dry distillation treatment method and system, belongs to the technical field of garbage treatment, and has the advantages of no waste gas discharge and energy conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a garbage treatment technology, in particular to a garbage dry distillation treatment method and a garbage dry distillation treatment system.
Background
Among the current refuse treatment device, transport the waste to the msw incineration factory usually and burn the processing, because, msw incineration produces a large amount of harmful gas, still need carry out secondary treatment to harmful gas, otherwise can the polluted environment, organic matter, metal etc. that have in the rubbish can become ashes after the high temperature combustion, can not obtain reuse, cause the wasting of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art, and aims to provide a waste dry distillation treatment method which is free of waste gas discharge and saves energy.
The invention also aims to provide a garbage dry distillation treatment system.
In order to realize the first purpose, the invention provides a garbage dry distillation treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a wood vinegar spraying and deodorizing device is arranged on a garbage pretreatment tank to deodorize and sterilize garbage;
s2, conveying the garbage into a plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns, and heating heat conduction oil pipes in the hot oil dry distillation kilns by using a heat conduction oil boiler;
s3, in the step S2, heating the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns is divided into three stages, wherein the three stages are respectively a low-temperature heating stage, a medium-high temperature heating stage and a high-temperature cracking stage, an auxiliary heating chamber is arranged on the outer sides of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns, heat exchange oil pipes capable of being communicated with heat conduction oil pipes in the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns are arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber, a hot gas circulating system communicated with the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns is arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber, the auxiliary heating chamber and the hot oil dry distillation kilns in the high-temperature cracking stage are subjected to gas circulation through the hot gas circulating system, hot gas of the heat exchange oil pipes in the auxiliary heating chamber is communicated with the heat conduction oil pipes in the hot oil dry distillation kilns in the low-temperature heating;
and S4, a condenser is arranged to condense and separate the gas generated in each hot oil dry distillation kiln to obtain condensed water, pyroligneous liquor, tar and non-condensable gas, and a waste gas supply pipeline is arranged to connect the condenser with a combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler to combust the non-condensable gas.
Further, during the low-temperature heating stage and the medium-high temperature heating stage, condensing and separating the gas generated in the corresponding hot oil dry distillation kiln through a condenser to obtain condensed water, pyroligneous liquor and non-condensable gas, arranging a waste gas supply pipeline to be connected with the condenser, and conveying the non-condensable gas into a combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler for combustion treatment; in the high-temperature cracking stage, the gas generated in the corresponding hot oil dry distillation kiln is condensed and separated by a condenser to obtain tar for recycling, and the generated unliquefied cracked gas is conveyed into a combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler through a waste gas supply pipeline for combustion treatment.
Furthermore, when the low-temperature heating stage is carried out, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln is set to be 110-150 ℃, and the duration time of the low-temperature heating is 7-8 hours; when the high-temperature heating stage is carried out, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln is set to be 150-250 ℃, and the duration time of medium-high temperature heating is 6-8 hours; and in the high-temperature heating stage, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln is set to be more than 300 ℃, and the high-temperature heating duration is 5-6 hours.
Furthermore, a heat-conducting oil pipe in the hot oil dry distillation kiln in the high-temperature heating stage and the high-temperature heating stage is communicated with an oil pipe of a heat-conducting oil boiler, and the oil temperature is set to be more than 300 ℃; the heat-conducting oil pipe in the hot oil dry distillation kiln in the low-temperature heating stage is not communicated with the oil pipe of the heat-conducting oil boiler, the heat-conducting oil pipe in the hot oil dry distillation kiln is communicated through a heat-exchanging oil pipe, the auxiliary heating chamber is communicated with the hot oil dry distillation kiln in the medium-high temperature heating stage through a hot gas circulating system, and the heat-exchanging oil pipe is heated through heat exchange, so that the heat-conducting oil pipe in the hot oil dry distillation kiln in the low-temperature heating stage is heated.
As a further improvement, the hot gas circulating system comprises an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber and are connected with the hot oil dry distillation kiln respectively, wherein an exhaust fan is arranged on the air inlet pipe, a condenser connecting pipe connected with a condenser is arranged on the air outlet pipe, and air valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and the condenser connecting pipe.
Furthermore, the opening and closing of the air valve and the operation of the exhaust fan are controlled, so that the temperature of the hot oil dry distillation kiln in the low-temperature heating stage is increased to 150 ℃ at the temperature increasing rate of 1-5 ℃/min.
Furthermore, an oil inlet branch pipe and an oil outlet branch pipe which are communicated with the heat conducting oil pipes in the hot oil dry distillation kilns are arranged on the heat exchange oil pipes, electromagnetic oil valves are arranged on the oil inlet branch pipe and the oil outlet branch pipe, and oil pumps are arranged on the oil inlet branch pipe.
Furthermore, a liquid collecting device is arranged on the condenser, and a distilling device is arranged on the liquid collecting device to separate the pyroligneous liquor into a pyroligneous liquor storage tank.
In order to realize the second aim, the invention also provides a system for realizing the garbage dry distillation treatment method, which comprises a garbage pretreatment pool, a pyroligneous liquor spraying deodorization device arranged on the garbage pretreatment pool, a heat-conducting oil boiler, a plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns, a condenser and a waste gas supply pipeline, wherein the waste gas supply pipeline is connected with the condenser and a combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler, and the hot oil dry distillation kilns are connected with an oil pipe of the heat-conducting oil boiler through oil pipes; the hot oil dry distillation furnace is characterized by further comprising a plurality of auxiliary heating chambers arranged on one side of the hot oil dry distillation furnaces, heat exchange oil pipes respectively communicated with heat conduction oil pipes in the hot oil dry distillation furnaces are arranged in the auxiliary heating chambers, and hot gas circulation systems communicated with inner cavities of the hot oil dry distillation furnaces are arranged in the auxiliary heating chambers.
Further, the hot gas circulating system comprises an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber and are respectively connected with the hot oil dry distillation kilns, wherein an exhaust fan is arranged on the air inlet pipe, a condenser connecting pipe connected with a condenser is arranged on the air outlet pipe, and air valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and the condenser connecting pipe; the heat exchange oil pipe is provided with an oil inlet branch pipe and an oil outlet branch pipe which are communicated with the heat conduction oil pipes in the hot oil dry distillation kilns, the oil inlet branch pipe and the oil outlet branch pipe are provided with electromagnetic oil valves, and the oil inlet branch pipe is provided with an oil pump; the condenser is provided with a liquid collecting device, and the liquid collecting device is provided with a distilling device for separating the pyroligneous into a pyroligneous storage tank.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the garbage dry distillation treatment method and the garbage dry distillation treatment system have the following beneficial effects:
the garbage dry distillation treatment system of the utility model has no chimney and no exhaust gas and dioxin in the garbage dry distillation treatment link, and no exhaust gas emission and no other pollution;
the garbage dry distillation treatment system is completely free from exhaust emission and other pollution because organic matters in garbage dry distillation are heated and decomposed to generate combustible gas, and is low in investment, operation and maintenance cost;
the garbage dry distillation treatment system has no waste gas emission to garbage dry distillation, does not need to build a large chimney, and does not need smoke treatment; no fly ash exists, and no fly ash treatment is needed; no toxicity of dioxin and no ash treatment; the raw garbage is put into a furnace for dry distillation, the pretreatment of the garbage is not needed, the consumed heat is less, and a combustion improver is not needed to be added;
the garbage dry distillation treatment system solves the problems of large garbage incineration investment, high operation cost and high maintenance cost, and does not need to change the habit of treating garbage in China: the garbage treatment points are not limited, and the garbage can be digested in situ;
the garbage dry distillation treatment system not only saves energy and time, but also improves the speed and efficiency of garbage treatment;
the garbage dry distillation treatment system can treat various kinds of garbage, and can treat not only mixed domestic garbage but also industrial garbage such as waste plastics, waste tires, kitchen garbage, even medical garbage and the like because the garbage dry distillation has no waste gas emission and no pollution, and the garbage treatment realizes no waste gas emission and no dioxin pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a connection block diagram of the garbage dry distillation treatment system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structural connection frame of the hot oil dry distillation kiln and the auxiliary heating chamber of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the garbage dry distillation treatment system of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a garbage pretreatment tank; 2. spraying a wood vinegar solution deodorizing device; 3. a trash basket; 4. hot oil dry distillation kiln; 5. a heat conducting oil boiler; 6. a heat conducting oil pipe; 7. a condenser; 8. an exhaust gas supply line; 9. an auxiliary heating chamber; 10. a heat exchange oil pipe; 11. a hot gas circulation system; 12. an air inlet pipe; 13. an air outlet pipe; 14. an exhaust fan; 15. an oil inlet branch pipe; 16. an oil outlet branch pipe; 17. a liquid collecting device; 18. a distillation apparatus; 19. a pyroligneous liquor storage tank; 20. the condenser was taken over.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
The specific embodiments of the present invention are such that: as shown in fig. 1-3, a method for dry distillation treatment of garbage comprises the following steps:
s1, a wood vinegar spraying and deodorizing device 2 is arranged on a garbage pretreatment tank 1 to deodorize and sterilize garbage, so that the fermentation of the garbage can be promoted, the generation of toxic gas caused by the fermentation of the garbage can be prevented, and the quality of the surrounding working environment can be ensured;
s2, conveying the garbage into a plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns 4, and heating heat conduction oil pipes 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kilns 4 by using a heat conduction oil boiler 5;
s3, in the step S2, heating of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns 4 is divided into three stages of low-temperature heating, medium-high temperature heating and high-temperature cracking heating, wherein the heating stage of each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 can be changed according to the heating duration, an auxiliary heating chamber 9 which can be communicated with each hot oil dry distillation kiln is arranged on the outer side of each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4, and hot gas of the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the high-temperature cracking stage can be used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage through the auxiliary heating chamber 9;
and S4, a condenser 7 is arranged to condense and separate the generated gas in each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 to obtain condensed water, pyroligneous liquor, tar and non-condensable gas, and a waste gas supply pipeline 8 is arranged to connect the condenser 7 with a combustion chamber of the heat conduction oil boiler 5 and combust the non-condensable gas.
In this embodiment, the heating of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns 4 in the step S2 is divided into three stages, i.e., a low-temperature heating stage, a medium-high temperature heating stage and a pyrolysis stage, an auxiliary heating chamber 9 is arranged at the outer side of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns 4, a heat exchange oil pipe 10 which can be communicated with the heat conduction oil pipes 6 in the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns 4 is arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber 9, a hot gas circulating system 11 which is communicated with the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns 4 is arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber 9, the auxiliary heating chamber 9 and the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the high-temperature cracking stage are subjected to gas circulation through a hot gas circulation system 11, hot gas of a heat exchange oil pipe 10 in the auxiliary heating chamber 9 is communicated with a heat conduction oil pipe 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage, so that the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage is heated;
in the embodiment, during the low-temperature heating stage and the medium-high temperature heating stage, the corresponding gas generated in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 is condensed and separated by the condenser 7 to obtain condensed water, pyroligneous liquor and non-condensable gas, the waste gas supply pipeline 8 is arranged to be connected with the condenser 7, and the non-condensable gas is conveyed into the combustion chamber of the heat conduction oil boiler 5 for combustion treatment; in the high-temperature cracking stage, the gas generated in the corresponding hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 is condensed and separated by the condenser 7 to obtain tar for recycling, and the generated unliquefied cracked gas is conveyed into the combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler 5 through the waste gas supply pipeline 8 to be combusted.
In the embodiment, when the low-temperature heating stage is carried out, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 is set to be 110-150 ℃, and the duration of the low-temperature heating is 7-8 hours; when the high-temperature heating stage is in progress, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 is set to be 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the duration time of medium-high temperature heating is 6-8 hours; in the high-temperature heating stage, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 is set to be more than 300 ℃, and the high-temperature heating duration is 5-6 hours.
The pyroligneous liquor can be effectively distilled at about 100 ℃, and the low-temperature heating is continued for 7-8 so as to separate the water in the garbage.
In the embodiment, the heat conducting oil pipe 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the high-temperature heating stage and the high-temperature heating stage is communicated with the oil pipe of the heat conducting oil boiler 5, and the oil temperature is set to be more than 300 ℃; the heat conducting oil pipe 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage is not communicated with the oil pipe of the heat conducting oil boiler 5, the heat conducting oil pipe 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 is communicated through a heat exchange oil pipe 10, the auxiliary heating chamber 9 is communicated with the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the medium-high temperature heating stage through a hot gas circulating system 11, and the heat exchange oil pipe 10 is heated through heat exchange, so that the heat conducting oil pipe 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage is heated.
In this embodiment, the hot gas circulation system 11 includes an air inlet pipe 12 and an air outlet pipe 13 respectively connected to each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 and arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber 9, the air inlet pipe 12 is provided with an exhaust fan 14, the air outlet pipe 13 is provided with a condenser connecting pipe 20 connected to the condenser 7, and the air inlet pipe 12, the air outlet pipe 13 and the condenser connecting pipe 20 are provided with air valves.
In the embodiment, temperature probes are arranged in each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4, the heat conduction oil pipe 6 and the auxiliary heating chamber 9 for real-time temperature monitoring, the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage is heated up to 100-150 ℃ at the heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min by controlling the opening and closing of the air valves and the operation of the exhaust fan 14; the oil temperature of the heat-conducting oil pipe 6 of the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the high-temperature heating stage is more than 300 ℃, the temperature of hot gas in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 is more than 300 ℃, the hot gas is conveyed to the auxiliary heating chamber 9, the heat-exchanging oil pipe 10 in the auxiliary heating chamber 9, which is communicated with the heat-conducting oil pipe 6 of the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage, is heated, the temperature of the heat-exchanging oil pipe 10 is increased, then the temperature of the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage is slowly increased, so that garbage in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 in the low-temperature heating stage is fermented, the fermentation time below 100 ℃ is longer, and the garbage can.
In this embodiment, two ends of the heat exchange oil pipe 10 are provided with an oil inlet branch pipe 15 and an oil outlet branch pipe 16 which are communicated with the heat conduction oil pipe 6 in each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4, each oil inlet branch pipe 15 and each oil outlet branch pipe 16 are provided with an electromagnetic oil valve, the heat exchange oil pipe 10 is provided with an oil pump, and a control cabinet in a factory building controls the opening or closing of each electromagnetic oil valve according to the heating stage of each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4 to control the heat exchange oil pipe 10 to be communicated with the heat conduction oil pipe 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4.
In this embodiment, the condenser 7 is provided with a liquid collecting device 17, the liquid collecting device 17 is provided with a distilling device 18 for separating the pyroligneous liquor into a pyroligneous liquor storage tank 19, the liquid collecting device 17 is a liquid storage tank structure which is conventional in the prior art, and the distilling device 18 is conventional distilling equipment in the prior art.
A garbage dry distillation treatment system comprises a garbage pretreatment pool 1, a pyroligneous liquor spraying deodorization device 2, a heat-conducting oil boiler 5, a plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns 4, a condenser 7, a waste gas supply pipeline 8 and a garbage basket 3, wherein the pyroligneous liquor spraying deodorization device 2 is arranged on the garbage pretreatment pool 1, the garbage basket 3 frames garbage in the garbage pretreatment pool 1 and then conveys the garbage into the hot oil dry distillation kilns 4, the garbage basket 3 moves into the hot oil dry distillation kilns 4 through a rail, the waste gas supply pipeline 8 is connected with the condenser 7 and a combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler 5, and the hot oil dry distillation kilns 4 are connected with an oil pipe of the heat-conducting oil; the hot oil dry distillation furnace is characterized by further comprising an auxiliary heating chamber 9 arranged on one side of the hot oil dry distillation furnaces 4, heat exchange oil pipes 10 respectively communicated with the heat conduction oil pipes 6 in the hot oil dry distillation furnaces 4 are arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber 9, and a hot gas circulating system 11 communicated with the inner cavity of the hot oil dry distillation furnaces 4 is arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber 9.
The pyroligneous liquor spraying deodorizing device 2 is a liquid spraying apparatus which is conventional in the prior art.
In the embodiment, the hot gas circulation system 11 comprises an air inlet pipe 12 and an air outlet pipe 13 which are arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber 9 and are respectively connected with each hot oil dry distillation kiln 4, wherein an exhaust fan 14 is arranged on the air inlet pipe 12, a condenser connecting pipe 20 connected with a condenser 7 is arranged on the air outlet pipe 13, and air valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe 12, the air outlet pipe 13 and the condenser connecting pipe 20; the two ends of the heat exchange oil pipe 10 are provided with an oil inlet branch pipe 15 and an oil outlet branch pipe 16 which are communicated with the heat conducting oil pipes 6 in the hot oil dry distillation kilns 4, the oil inlet branch pipe 15 and the oil outlet branch pipe 16 are provided with electromagnetic oil valves, and the oil inlet branch pipe 15 is provided with an oil pump; the condenser 7 is provided with a liquid collecting device 17, and the liquid collecting device 17 is provided with a distilling device 18 for separating the pyroligneous into a pyroligneous storage tank 19.
The specific work is as follows:
1. the garbage entering the garbage pretreatment pool 1 is firstly deodorized and sterilized by wood vinegar to remove the odor of the garbage and inhibit the propagation of infectious microbes;
2. pressing the treated garbage into a packaging frame, and performing fermentation treatment on the pressed water for further utilization;
3. and (3) putting the framed garbage into a dry distillation kiln for dry distillation and cracking, wherein: firstly, water condensed out at the temperature of below 150 ℃ in the low-temperature drying stage is recycled after harmless treatment; a small amount of water and vinegar discharged from the middle-temperature 150-plus-250 ℃ stage can be used for planting trees after condensation and collection treatment, and non-condensable gas enters a combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler 5 to be burned; thirdly, directly feeding combustible gas and part of tar cracked at the stage of high temperature of more than 250 ℃ into a combustion chamber of a heat conduction oil boiler 5 to serve as fuel;
4. the residual garbage after dry distillation and cooling is sorted, the residual garbage after dry distillation is in an odorless loose state, the sorting is more facilitated, the sorted metal and glass can be recycled, the carbide can be used as fuel, and the residual soil containing carbon can be used as plant planting soil.
After the garbage is subjected to dry distillation in three stages in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4, the garbage can be sorted by a conventional sorting mechanism, non-carbides (such as metals and the like) are sorted out for classification, the remaining carbides are recycled, and the carbides can be directly used as soil and are pollution-free.
A pyroligneous liquor spraying and deodorizing device 2 is arranged above the garbage pretreatment pool 1, and after garbage of each truck is poured into the garbage pool, the pyroligneous liquor spraying device sprays pyroligneous liquor once.
During the low-temperature heating stage, the condenser 7 is provided with a liquid collecting device 17, the liquid collecting device 17 is provided with a distilling device 18 for separating the pyroligneous into a pyroligneous storage tank 19, the distilling device 18 separates the pyroligneous from the water vapor and the flue gas generated in the hot oil dry distillation kiln 4, and the pyroligneous is diluted and then conveyed to the pyroligneous spraying and deodorizing device 2.
Compared with other garbage treatment technologies, the garbage dry distillation scheme has many advantages: firstly, no chimney is arranged in the garbage dry distillation treatment link, no waste gas and dioxin are discharged, and secondly, no waste gas is discharged and no other pollution is caused. According to the estimation, about 4000 + 7000 cubic meters of waste gas is discharged per ton of waste incineration, all the waste gas is greenhouse gas, so that the global climate change is caused, and NOx, SOX and the like are also mixed in a large amount of waste gas, so that the pollution to the atmosphere is formed. The organic matters in the garbage dry distillation are heated and decomposed to generate combustible gas which is collected and utilized completely, so that no waste gas is discharged and no other pollution is caused. And thirdly, the investment, operation and maintenance costs are low. The waste is dry distilled without waste gas emission, a large chimney is not required to be built, and smoke treatment is not required; no fly ash exists, and no fly ash treatment is needed; no toxicity of dioxin and no ash treatment; the raw garbage is put into a furnace for dry distillation, the pretreatment of the garbage is not needed, the consumed heat is less, and a combustion improver is not needed to be added. The problems of large investment, high operation cost and high maintenance cost of waste incineration are solved. Finally, the habit of treating the garbage in China does not need to be changed, the garbage treatment selection point is not limited, and the garbage can be digested on the spot. Therefore, the treatment mode not only saves energy and time, but also improves the speed and the efficiency of garbage treatment. In addition, dry distillation of waste can digest a variety of waste. Because the dry distillation of the garbage has no waste gas emission and no pollution, the mixed domestic garbage can be treated, and the industrial garbage, such as waste plastics, waste tires, kitchen garbage, even medical garbage and the like, can be treated. Because the dry distillation of the garbage has more advantages, the garbage treatment is started without exhaust emission and dioxin pollution.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it is obvious to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.
Claims (10)
1. The garbage dry distillation treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, a pyroligneous liquor spraying and deodorizing device (2) is arranged on a garbage pretreatment tank (1) to deodorize and sterilize garbage;
s2, conveying the garbage into a plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns (4), and heating heat conduction oil pipes (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) by using a heat conduction oil boiler (5);
s3, in the step S2, heating of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) is divided into three stages of low-temperature heating, medium-high temperature heating and pyrolysis heating, auxiliary heating chambers (9) which can be communicated with the hot oil dry distillation kilns are arranged on the outer sides of the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns (4), and hot gas of the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) in the pyrolysis stage can be used for carrying out auxiliary heating on the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) in the low-temperature heating stage through the auxiliary heating chambers (9);
s4, a condenser (7) is arranged to condense and separate gas generated in each hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) to obtain condensed water, pyroligneous liquor, tar and non-condensable gas, a waste gas supply pipeline (8) is arranged to connect the condenser (7) with a combustion chamber of the heat conduction oil boiler (5), and the non-condensable gas is combusted.
2. The garbage dry distillation treatment method according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchange oil pipe (10) capable of communicating with the heat conduction oil pipes (6) in the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) is arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber (9), a hot gas circulation system (11) communicating with the plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) is arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber (9), the auxiliary heating chamber (9) and the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) in the high-temperature cracking stage are subjected to gas circulation through the hot gas circulation system (11), and the heat conduction oil pipes (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) in the low-temperature heating stage are communicated by hot gas of the heat exchange oil pipe (10) in the auxiliary heating chamber (9), so that the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) in the low-temperature heating stage are heated.
3. The garbage dry distillation treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) is set to 110-150 ℃ during the low temperature heating stage, and the duration of the low temperature heating is 7-8 hours; when the high-temperature heating stage is carried out, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) is set to be 150-250 ℃, and the duration time of medium-high temperature heating is 6-8 hours; and in the high-temperature heating stage, the temperature in the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) is set to be more than 300 ℃, and the high-temperature heating duration is 5-6 hours.
4. The dry distillation treatment method for garbage according to claim 3, wherein the heat conducting oil pipe (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) which is in the high temperature heating stage and the high temperature heating stage is communicated with the oil pipe of the heat conducting oil boiler (5), and the oil temperature is set to be more than 300 ℃; the heat conducting oil pipe (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) in the low-temperature heating stage is not communicated with the oil pipe of the heat conducting oil boiler (5), the heat conducting oil pipe (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) is communicated through a heat exchange oil pipe (10), the auxiliary heating chamber (9) is communicated with the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) in the medium-high temperature heating stage through a hot gas circulating system (11), and the heat exchange oil pipe (10) is heated through heat exchange, so that the heat conducting oil pipe (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) in the low-temperature heating stage is heated.
5. The garbage dry distillation treatment method according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the hot gas circulation system (11) comprises an air inlet pipe (12) and an air outlet pipe (13) which are arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber (9) and are respectively connected with the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4), an exhaust fan (14) is arranged on the air inlet pipe (12), a condenser connecting pipe (20) connected with a condenser (7) is arranged on the air outlet pipe (13), and air valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe (12), the air outlet pipe (13) and the condenser connecting pipe (20).
6. The garbage dry distillation treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) in the low temperature heating stage is raised to 100-150 ℃ at a temperature raising rate of 1-5 ℃/min by controlling the opening and closing of the air valve and the operation of the exhaust fan (14).
7. The garbage dry distillation treatment method according to claim 5, wherein an oil inlet branch pipe (15) and an oil outlet branch pipe (16) which are communicated with the heat conduction oil pipe (6) in each hot oil dry distillation kiln (4) are arranged on the heat exchange oil pipe (10), electromagnetic oil valves are arranged on the oil inlet branch pipe (15) and the oil outlet branch pipe (16), and an oil pump is arranged on the heat exchange oil pipe (10).
8. A method for dry distillation treatment of garbage according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the condenser (7) is provided with a liquid collecting device (17), and the liquid collecting device (17) is provided with a distilling device (18) for separating pyroligneous liquor into a pyroligneous liquor storage tank (19).
9. The system for realizing the garbage dry distillation treatment method according to claim 1, which comprises a garbage pretreatment pool (1), a pyroligneous liquor spraying deodorization device (2) arranged on the garbage pretreatment pool (1), a heat-conducting oil boiler (5), a plurality of hot oil dry distillation kilns (4), a condenser (7) and an exhaust gas supply pipeline (8), wherein the exhaust gas supply pipeline (8) is connected with the condenser (7) and a combustion chamber of the heat-conducting oil boiler (5), and the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) are connected with an oil pipe of the heat-conducting oil boiler (5) through oil pipes; the hot oil dry distillation device is characterized by further comprising a plurality of auxiliary heating chambers (9) arranged on one side of the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4), heat exchange oil pipes (10) respectively communicated with heat conduction oil pipes (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) are arranged in the auxiliary heating chambers (9), and hot gas circulating systems (11) communicated with inner cavities of the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) are arranged in the auxiliary heating chambers (9).
10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the hot gas circulation system (11) comprises a gas inlet pipe (12) and a gas outlet pipe (13) which are arranged in the auxiliary heating chamber (9) and are respectively connected with the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4), an exhaust fan (14) is arranged on the gas inlet pipe (12), a condenser connecting pipe (20) connected with a condenser (7) is arranged on the gas outlet pipe (13), and gas valves are arranged on the gas inlet pipe (12), the gas outlet pipe (13) and the condenser connecting pipe (20); an oil inlet branch pipe (15) and an oil outlet branch pipe (16) which are communicated with the heat conduction oil pipes (6) in the hot oil dry distillation kilns (4) are arranged on the heat exchange oil pipe (10), electromagnetic oil valves are arranged on the oil inlet branch pipe (15) and the oil outlet branch pipe (16), and an oil pump is arranged on the oil inlet branch pipe (15); the condenser (7) is provided with a liquid collecting device (17), and the liquid collecting device (17) is provided with a distilling device (18) for separating the pyroligneous into a pyroligneous storage tank (19).
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